八年级上册形容词和副词的比较等级

形容词和副词的比较等级

一、形容词和副词有三个等级：1.原级。2.比较级，表示“较……”或“更……

一些”的意思。3.最高级，表示“最……”的意思。

二、形容词、副词比较等级的构成：

（一）、规则变化：

①一般直接在形容词或副词后加-er或-est，

如：small --- smaller --- smallest long---longer---longest

②以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加–r或–st，

如:large --- larger --- largest nice---nicer---nicest

③以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写该辅音字母，再加

-er或-est。big ---bigger---biggest hot--- hotter---hottest

④以辅音字母加y 结尾的形容词和副词，把“y”变“i”，再加–er或-est.

busy---busier---busiest happy---happier---happiest

⑤部分双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most构成比较级和最

高级，如：

slowly --- more slowly --- most slowly

difficult---more difficult---most difficult

beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful

（二）、不规则的变化：

good / well---better---best

many/much---more---most

bad / ill / badly ---worse---worst

little---less---least

far --- farther / further --- farthest/ furthest

old--- older/ elder--- oldest/ eldest

三、形容词、副词原级的用法

1.修饰形容词副词原级的常见的词有：very, so, too, enough, quite 等。

2.常用句型：

（1）“甲+ be动词+ as +形容词原级+ as + 乙”

“甲+ 行为动词+ as +副词原级+ as + 乙”

表示甲乙两者在某一方面程度相等。

I’m as tall as you. He runs as fast as you.

(2)“甲+ be+not+ as/so +形容词原级+ as + 乙”

“甲+ don’t/doesn’t+行为动词原形+ as/so +副词原级+ as + 乙”

表示甲不如乙......

I’m not as/so tall as you . He doesn’t run as/so fast as you.

This book isn’t as/so interesting as that one.

(3) “甲+ 谓语动词+less +形/副原级+than +乙”表示甲不如乙......

This book is less interesting than that one.

Tom writes less carefully than Jim.

四、形容词、副词比较级的用法：

1.表示两者进行比较就用比较级，修饰形容词副词比较级的常见的词有：a little,

a bit, a lot, still, no, any, much, even , far 等。

2.比较级常用句型：

（1）“甲+ be + 形容词比较级+ than+ 乙”

“甲+ 行为动词+ 副词比较级+ than+ 乙”表示甲比乙．．．．．．

注意：than后面接代词时, 一般要用主格形式，但在口语中也可使用宾格形式。如：My brother is taller than I / me.

Lily’s room is bigger than mine.

Tom writes more carefully than Jim.

(2)甲+ 谓语动词+比较级+ than+ any other+单数名词+ （介词短语）表示甲比其他任何一个.......都......

Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.

Tom writes more carefully than any other sudent in his class.

(3) “甲+谓语动词+ the + 比较级+ of the two + 其他”表示“甲是两者中较......的”。

Lucy is the taller of the two girls.

(4)“比较级+and +比较级”“more and more +多音节形容词/副词”表示“越来越......”

It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.

Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

(5) “the + 比较级, the + 比较级”表示“越....就越......”

The more we get together, the happier we will be. 我们聚会得越多，我们就越高兴。

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.

(6) Who/ Which + 谓语动词+ 比较级，甲or 乙？表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更......”

Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?

Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one?

Who draws better ,Tom or Jim?

五、最高级的用法：

1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级。形容词的最高级要加定冠词the , 副词最高级前的the可有可无。

注意：当形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格修饰时，不再加the.

2.最高级主要句型有:

⑴甲+be动词+the + adj.最高级(+名词单数)+of/ in 短语

甲+行为动词+( the )+adv. 最高级+of/ in 短语

“甲在某一范围或某一群体中最....”

a. in 表示“在…内(指某范围内)”可以跟表示单位,组织,时间等单数名词.

He is the tallest boy in his class.

He runs ( the) fastest in his class.

b. of表示属性(指在同类的人,物中)后可接：①the +基数词②the +基数词+名

词复数③all +the +复数名词④all

eg. Jim works hardest of us all.

Jim works hardest of the three (students)

Tom gets up earliest of all the students.