2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲:英语
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1 至附录5),要求词汇量为3500 左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能:(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能:(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
附录1语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells ) (4)感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty) (26)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility) (27)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(36) 惊奇(Surprise)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)(54) 材料(Material)(55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations) (65)原因和结果(Cause and effect) (66)目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5词汇表Aa(an)art abandon vability nable a abnormal a aboard prep abolish v abortion nabout ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroad adabrupt a absence n absent a absolute a absorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate a accuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition n acre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore v adultn advance v &n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise v advocate vaffair naffect v affection n afford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s)ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & valbum n alcoholn alcoholic a &n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pron allergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum)n always ad am v(be) a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze v amazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry a animal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy v annual a another a & pron answer n & v ant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen)v arithmetic narm n & v armchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj & prepash n ashamed a Asia nAsian a & n aside adask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken)v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a & n background nbackward(s)adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria)n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic a basin n basisn basket nbasketball nbat nbath n bathev bathroomn bathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1nbear2vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten)v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become)v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conj beg vbegin(began,begun)v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior)n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt n bench nbend(bent,bent)v beneath prep beneficial abenefit n & vbent a & n besideprep besides prep& ad betray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v & nbig a bike=bicycle nbill n bingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird n birthn birthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten)v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & v blank n & a blanket nbleed vbless v blinda block n &v blood nblouse nblow(blew,blown)v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & v bond n & v bone n bonus n book n & v boom n & v boot nbooth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a & pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v brain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken)v & n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought)v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed)v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built)v building nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed)v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness n businessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women)n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly n button n& v buy(bought,bought)v by prepbye int Ccab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2n canaln cancel vcancer n candidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & v cassette ncast(cast,cast)v castle ncasual a catn catalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught)v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter)n central acentre(Am center)n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women)n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable a channel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & ncharge v & nchart n chatn & v cheapa cheat n &v check n &v cheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check)n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children)n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen)v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n Christmas n church n cigar n cigarette n cinema n circle n & v circuit n circulate v circumstance n circus n citizen ncity ncivil a civilian n civilization n clap vclarify v class n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v & a cleaner n clear aclerk n clever aclick v climate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color)n & v comb n & v combine v come(came,come)v comedy n comfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer nconcentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & v corn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin ncover n & v cow ncrash v & n crayon ncrazy acream ncreate v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria)n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurious a currency n curriculum n curtain ncushion ncustom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut)v & n cycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy n daily a,ad & n dam ndamage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous a dare v & modal v dark a & n darkness ndash v & ndata n database ndate n & v daughter n dawn nday n deada deadlinen deaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & v debt ndecade n decide v decision n declare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense)n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.)n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & n deserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert n destination n destroy vdetective n determine v develop v development n devote vdevotion n diagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog)n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary ndie vdiet n differ v difference n different adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug)v digest vdigital adignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip v diploman direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide v division n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done)v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor n dormitory(dorm)n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn)v drawback n drawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed)n & v dress n & v drill n & v drink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn v earthn earthquaken east a,ad &n Easter neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten)vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj & adelder n elect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor n employ vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a & ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire a entrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v & n equal a & v equality n equip v equipment n eraser nerror n eruptv escape n &v especiallyad essay n Europe n European a & n evaluate v even ad evening n event n eventually ad ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence n evident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore vexport n & v expose vexpress v & n expression n extension nextra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen)v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v & a fantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare n farmn farmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor)n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed)vfeel(felt,felt)vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber)nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought)n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found)vfine1 a fine2v finger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1nfirm2 a fishn & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1a flat2nflee(fled,fled)vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet)nfootball nfor prep & conjforbid(forbade,forbidden)v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen)v forest n forever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten)v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven)vfork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen)vfreezing a frequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & n frontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & a function n & v fundamental a funeral nfunny a furn furnisheda furnituren future nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ngarage n garbage n garden ngarlic n garment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got)vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given)v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove n glue ngo(went,gone)vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best)a goods ngoose(pl geese)n govern v government ngrade ngradual agraduate v graduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & ad greedy agreen a & n greengrocer n greet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray)a grill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown)v growth n guarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit n hair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed)v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor)nhard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v & nhave(has,had,had)v he pron headn & v headachen headline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy ahear(heard,heard)v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight n helicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & v helpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pron hesitate vhi int hide(hid,hidden)v high a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pron historyn hit(hit,hit)v &n hobby nhold(held,held)vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor)n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad & conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor)n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt)v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea n identification n identity n idiom nif conjignore vill aillegal a illness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch n incident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform vinformation n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist v inspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval ninterview n & vinto prepintroduce v introduction ninvent vinvention ninvitation ninvite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pron itspron itselfpronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry)n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment)njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept)vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill v kilon kilogramnkilometre(Am kilometer)n kind1n kind2a kindergartenn kindness nking nkingdom n kiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives)n knock n & vknow(knew,known)v knowledge nLlab=laboratory n labour(Am labor)n lack n & vlady n laken lamb nlame alamp nland n & v language nlantern nlap nlarge a lasta & v late a& ad lattern laugh n &v laughter n laundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid)v lazy alead(led,led)v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves)n league n leakvlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed)vleast n leathern leave(left,left)v lecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade nlend(lent,lent)v length nlesson nlet(let,let)v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library n license nlid nlie1n & v lie2(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) n lift v & nlight n,v & a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten v literature n literary alitre(Am liter)n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & v lonely along a & ad look n & v loose alorry n。
(完整)2019年高考英语考试大纲(官方版).doc
2019年高考英语考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1 至附录5),要求词汇量为3500 左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的、事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能:(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能:(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
附录 1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲、考试说明解读:英语
2019年高考考试说明解读:英语2016年10月11日,教育部考试中心主任姜钢在《中国教育报》发表署名文章《探索构建高考评价体系全方位推进高考内容改革》,该文章为今后的高考指明了方向:把立德树人作为教育的根本任务,紧扣全国统一考试大纲,以考查学生综合运用语言的能力为主要目标。
其后的《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》及《2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》都保持了这一根本方向。
而细读《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》,发现其与2017年和2018年的《考试大纲》保持一致,没有明显的变化。
这说明在2019年的高考英语中,试题将继续体现高中英语教育、教学的基本原则,即落实立德树人的根本教学任务,以英语学科核心素养为纲,体现英语学科的基础性、工具性、交际性和思想性等。
重视对学生基础知识的考查,继续深化对英语实际应用能力的考查,相对弱化语法,加强听力、阅读、写作能力,体现交际功能和中国文化元素等。
《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲的说明》的变化集中体现在书面表达的样题改变、评分原则和第二档、第一档的评分依据上。
在2019年的《考试说明》中,书面表达样题特意使用了2018年全国卷III的书面表达——向英国朋友介绍你校学生体育运动情况。
具体如下:假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。
请给他回信,内容包括:1. 学校的体育场馆;2. 主要的运动项目;3. 你喜欢的项目。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
在书面表达样题后,“评分原则”前新增一段说明:【说明】书面表达题目旨在考查考生的英语写作能力,评价其能否运用相关常识和语言知识进行有效的文字表达,完成特定的交际任务。
本题要求考生给英国朋友写封回信,答复他所询问的学校学生体育运动情况,引导考生关注体育运动和身心健康,弘扬体育精神。
在“评分原则”中,将2018年及以前的第4点:“内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和……”改为“内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和……”。
英语 2019全国卷高考各科考试大纲
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录 1 至附录 5),要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能:(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能:(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时4(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings) (2) 介绍(Introduction) (3) 告别 (Farewells ) (4)感谢 (Thanks ) (5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals) (14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)7(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions) (35) 高兴 (Happiness) (36) 惊奇 (Surprise) (37) 忧虑 (Worries) (38)安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret) (41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration) (46)频度 (Frequency) (47)时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features) (52) 形状 (Shape) (53) 颜色(Colour)8(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录5 词汇表A accommodation na(an) art accompany vabandon v accomplish vability n account nable a accountant nabnormal a accumulate vaboard prep accuracy nabolish v accurate aabortion n accuse vabout ad & prep accustomed aabove prep,a & ad ache v & nabroad ad achieve vabrupt a achievement nabsence n acid aabsent a acknowledge vabsolute a acquaintance nabsorb v acquire vabstract a & n acquisition nabsurd a acre nabundant a across prepabuse v act n & vacademic a & n academy n accelerate v accent n accept v access n & v accessible a accident n action n active a activity n actor n actress n actual a acute a AD abbrad=advertisement n afford vadapt v afraid a adaptation n Africa nadd v African a & n addicted a after ad,prep & conj addition n afternoon n address n afterward(s) ad adequate a again adadjust v against prep adjustment n age n administration n agency n admirable a agenda nadmire v agent n admission n aggressive aadmit v ago ad adolescence n agree v adolescent a & n agreement nadopt v agricultural a adore v agriculture nadult n ahead ad advance v & n aid n & v advantage n AIDS nadventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair naffect v affection n aim n & v air n aircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n & valbum n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a & n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition n alive a ambulance n all ad,a & pron America n allergic a among prep alley n amount n & v allocate v ample aallow v amuse v allowance n amusement n almost ad analyse v alone a analysis n along ad & prep ancestor n alongside ad anchor v & n aloud ad ancient a alphabet n and conj already ad anecdote n also ad anger n alternative a angle n although conj angry aaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze v animal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a & pron answer n & v ant nAntarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron & a apron nanybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch nanyone pron architect n anything pron architecture n anyway ad Arctic a anywhere ad are v(be)apart ad & a area napartment n argue v apologize v argument n apology n arise(arose,arisen) v apparent a arithmetic n appeal v & n arm n & vappear v armchair n appearance n army nappendix n around ad & prep appetite n arrange v applaud v & n arrangement napple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle n artificial aartist nas ad,conj & prepash n attend vashamed a attention nAsia n attitude nAsian a & n attract vaside ad attraction nask v attractive aasleep a audience naspect n aunt nassess v authentic aassessment n author nassist v authority nassistance n automatic aassistant n autonomous aassociate v autumn nassociation n available aassume v avenue nassumption n average a & nastonish v avoid vastronaut n awake(awoke,awoken) v & a astronomer n award nastronomy n aware aat prep away adathlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n awesome a awful a awkward aBbaby n bachelor n back ad,a & n background nbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis nbacterium(pl bacteria) n basket nbad(worse,worst) a basketball n badminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom nbalance n bathtub nbalcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbrbamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n & v were,being,been) v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bean curd nbank n bear1 nbar n bear2 vbarbecue n beard nbarber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & nbare a bargain n & v bark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef n bike=bicycle n beer n bill nbefore prep,ad&conj bingo nbeg v biochemistry n begin(began,begun) v biography n behalf n biology n behave v bird n behaviour(Am behavior) n birth nbehind prep & ad birthday n being n birthplace n belief n biscuit n believe v bishop nbell n bit nbelly n bite(bit,bitten) v belong v bitter abelow prep black a & n belt n blackboard n bench n blame n & v bend(bent,bent) v blank n & a beneath prep blanket n beneficial a bleed v benefit n & v bless vbent a & n beside prep besides prep & ad betray v between prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig a blind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil v brain nbomb n & v brake n & vbond n & v branch nbone n brand nbonus n brave abook n & v bravery nboom n & v bread nboot n break(broke,broken) v & n booth n breakfast nborder n breakthrough nbored a breast nboring a breath nborn a breathe vborrow v breathless aboss n brewery nbotanical a brick nbotany n bride nboth a & pron bridegroom nbother v bridge nbottle n brief abottom n bright abounce v brilliant abound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy n boycott v bring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch n Cbrush v & n cab nBuddhism n cabbage nbudget n cafe nbuffet n cafeteria nbuild(built,built) v cage nbuilding n cake nbunch n calculate v bungalow n call n & vburden n calm a & v bureaucratic a camel nburglar n camera nburn(burnt,burnt camp n & v或-ed,-ed) v & n campaign nburst v can1(could);bury v can’t=cannot modal v bus n can2 nbush n canal nbusiness n cancel v businessman/woman cancer n(pl businessmen/ women) n candidate nbusy a candle nbut conj & prep candy nbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) v by prepbye int canteen n cap n capital n capsule n captain n caption n car n carbon ncard n ceiling ncare n & v celebrate vcareful a celebration n careless a cell ncarpenter n cent ncarpet n centigrade acarriage n centimetrecarrier n (Am centimeter) n carrot n central acarry v centre(Am center) n cartoon n century ncarve v ceremony ncase n certain acash n & v certificate ncassette n chain ncast(cast,cast) v chair ncastle n chairman/woman casual a (pl chairmen/women) n cat n chalk ncatalogue n challenge n catastrophe n challenging acatch(caught,caught) v champion ncategory ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & v caution n cautious acave nCD=compact disk n chance nchange n & v changeable a channel nchant v & n chaos nchapter n character n characteristic a & ncharge v & n Christmas n chart n church nchat n & v cigar n cheap a cigarette n cheat n & v cinema n check n & v circle n & v cheek n circuit n cheer n & v circulate v cheerful a circumstance n cheers int circus n cheese n citizen nchef n city n chemical a & n civil a chemist n civilian n chemistry n civilization n cheque(Am check) n clap vchess n clarify v chest n class nchew v classic a chicken n classify v chief a & n classmate n child(pl children) n classroom nchildhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n claw n clay n clean v & a cleaner n clear a clerk n clever a click v climate nclimb v come(came,come) v clinic n comedy nclock n comfort nclone v comfortable a close a & ad command n & v cloth n comment n clothes n commercial a clothing n commit vcloud n commitment n cloudy a committee nclub n common a clumsy a communicate v coach n communication n coal n communism n coast n communist n & a coat n companion n cocoa n company ncoffee n compare vcoin n compass n coincidence n compensate vcoke n compete vcold a & n competence ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & v combine v competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer nconcentrate v constant a concept n constitution n concern v & n construct v concert n construction n conclude v consult v conclusion n consultant n concrete a consume v condemn v contain v condition n container n conduct v contemporary a conductor n content1 n conference n content2 a confident a continent n confidential a continue v confirm v contradict v conflict n contradictory a confuse v contrary n & a congratulate v contribute v congratulation n contribution n connect v control v & n connection n controversial a conscience n convenience n consensus n convenient aconsequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & v creature ncorn n credit ncorner n crew n corporation n crime ncorrect v & a criminal n correction n criterion(pl criteria) n correspond v crop ncorrupt a & v cross n & vcost n & v crossing ncosy(Am cozy) a crossroads n cottage n crowd n & vcotton n & a cruel acough n & v cry n & vcould modal v cube ncount v cubic acounter n cuisine ncountry n culture n countryside n cup ncouple n cupboard n courage n cure n & vcourse n curious acourt n currency ncourtyard n cousin n cover n & v cow n crash v & n crayon n crazy a cream n create v curriculum n curtain n cushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist ndeclare vD decline vdad=daddy n decorate vdaily a,ad & n decoration ndam n decrease vdamage n & v deed ndamp a & n deep a & addance n & v deer ndanger n defeat vdangerous a defence(Am defense) n dare v & modal v defend vdark a & n degree ndarkness n delay n & vdash v & n delete v & ndata n deliberately ad database n delicate adate n & v delicious a daughter n delight ndawn n delighted aday n deliver vdead a demand vdeadline n dentist ndeaf adeal ndear a death n debate n & v debt n decade n decide v decision n department(Dept.) n departure n depend vdeposit v & n depth ndescribe v description n desert v & n deserve vdesign v & n dilemma n desire v & n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip vdestroy v diploma n detective n direct a & v determine v direction n develop v director n development n directory n devote v dirty a devotion n disability n diagram n disabled adial v disadvantage n dialogue(Am dialog) n disagree v diamond n disagreement n diary n disappear v dictation n disappoint v dictionary n disappointed a die v disaster ndiet n discount ndiffer v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig(dug,dug) v digest v digital a dignity n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n downstairs ad dislike v downtown ad,n & a dismiss v dozen ndistance n Dr=doctor n distant a draft n & v distinction n drag vdistinguish v draw(drew,drawn) v distribute v drawback ndistrict n drawer ndisturb v dream(dreamt,dreamt disturbing a 或-ed,-ed) n & v dive v dress n & vdiverse a drill n & vdivide v drink(drank,drunk) v division n drive(drove,driven) v divorce v driver ndizzy a drop n & vdo(did,done) v drug ndoctor n drum ndocument n drunk adog n dry v & adoll n duck ndollar ndonate vdoor n dormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v due adull a dumpling n during prep dusk n dust n dustbin n dusty a duty nDVD=digital versatile disk n elect v dynamic a electric a dynasty n electrical aelectricity nE electronic a each a & pron elegant aeager a elephant n eagle n else adear n e-mail n & v early a & ad embarrass v earn v embassy n earth n emergency n earthquake n emperor neast a,ad & n employ v Easter n empty a eastern a encourage v easy a encouragement n eat(ate,eaten) v end n & v ecology n ending nedge n endless a edition n enemy neditor n energetic aeducate v education n educator neffect neffort negg neggplant n either a,conj & ad elder n energy nengine n engineer nenjoy venjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a & ad enquiry nenter venterprise n everything pron entertainment n everywhere ad enthusiastic a evidence nentire a evident a entrance n evolution nentry n exact aenvelope n exam=examination n environment n examine venvy v & n example nequal a & v excellent a equality n except prepequip v exchange n & v equipment n excite veraser n excuse n & verror n exercise n & v erupt v exhibition n escape n & v exist vespecially ad existence nessay n exit nEurope n expand v European a & n expect vevaluate v expectation neven ad evening n event n eventually ad ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert n explain v explanation n explicit a explode vexplore v fantastic aexport n & v fantasy nexpose v far(farther,farthestexpress v & n 或 further,furthest) a & ad expression n fare nextension n farm nextra a farmer nextraordinary a fast a & adextreme a fasten veye n fat n & aeyesight n father nfault nF favour(Am favor) nface n & v favourite(Am favorite) a & n facial a fax n & vfact n fear nfactory n feast nfade v feather nfail v & n federal afailure n fee nfair1 a feed(fed,fed) vfair2 n feel(felt,felt) vfaith n feeling nfall1(fell,fallen) v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v & a fellow n female a & n fence nferry n festival n & a fetch v fever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber) n flat2 nfiction n flee(fled,fled) v field n flesh nfierce a flexible afight(fought,fought) n & v flight nfigure n & v float vfile n flood n & vfill v floor nfilm n & v flour nfinal a flow vfinance n flower nfind(found,found) v flu nfine1 a fluency nfine2 v fluent afinger n fly1(flew,flown) v fingernail n fly2 nfinish v & n focus v & nfire n & v fog nfireworks n foggy afirm1 n fold vfirm2 a folk n & afish n & v follow v fisherman n fond afist n food nfit a & v fix vflag n flame n flash n flashlight n flat1 a fool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep & conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & v frequent a forehead n fresh aforeign a friction n foreigner n fridge=refrigerator n foresee(foresaw,foreseen) v friend nforest n friendly aforever ad friendship nforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v frighten v forgetful a frog nforgive(forgave,forgiven) v from prepfork n front a & nform n & v frontier nformat n frost nformer a fruit nfortnight n fry vfortunate a fuel nfortune n full aforward ad fun n & afoster v function n & v found v fundamental a fountain n funeral nfox n funny afragile afragrant a framework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing a fur n furnished a furniture n future nGgain v gallery n gallon ngame n glue ngarage n go(went,gone) v garbage n goal ngarden n goat ngarlic n god ngarment n gold n & agas n golden agate n golf ngather v good(better,best) a gay a goods ngeneral a & n goose(pl geese) n generation n govern v generous a government n gentle a grade n gentleman n gradual a geography n graduate v geometry n graduation n gesture n grain nget(got,got) v gram ngift n grammar ngifted a grand agiraffe n grandchild ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp v。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲、考试说明解读:英语
2019年高考考试说明解读:英语2016年10月11日,教育部考试中心主任姜钢在《中国教育报》发表署名文章《探索构建高考评价体系全方位推进高考内容改革》,该文章为今后的高考指明了方向:把立德树人作为教育的根本任务,紧扣全国统一考试大纲,以考查学生综合运用语言的能力为主要目标。
其后的《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》及《2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》都保持了这一根本方向。
而细读《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》,发现其与2017年和2018年的《考试大纲》保持一致,没有明显的变化。
这说明在2019年的高考英语中,试题将继续体现高中英语教育、教学的基本原则,即落实立德树人的根本教学任务,以英语学科核心素养为纲,体现英语学科的基础性、工具性、交际性和思想性等。
重视对学生基础知识的考查,继续深化对英语实际应用能力的考查,相对弱化语法,加强听力、阅读、写作能力,体现交际功能和中国文化元素等。
《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲的说明》的变化集中体现在书面表达的样题改变、评分原则和第二档、第一档的评分依据上。
在2019年的《考试说明》中,书面表达样题特意使用了2018年全国卷III的书面表达——向英国朋友介绍你校学生体育运动情况。
具体如下:假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。
请给他回信,内容包括:1. 学校的体育场馆;2. 主要的运动项目;3. 你喜欢的项目。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
在书面表达样题后,“评分原则”前新增一段说明:【说明】书面表达题目旨在考查考生的英语写作能力,评价其能否运用相关常识和语言知识进行有效的文字表达,完成特定的交际任务。
本题要求考生给英国朋友写封回信,答复他所询问的学校学生体育运动情况,引导考生关注体育运动和身心健康,弘扬体育精神。
在“评分原则”中,将2018年及以前的第4点:“内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和……”改为“内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和……”。
阅读理解-2019年高考英语考试大纲解读(含答案)
阅读理解-2019年高考英语考试大纲解读(含答案)《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》(英语)中有关阅读的要求:要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
【解读】阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径,因此,阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。
该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。
考生应能:2. 理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持,这些细节信息对于理解全文内容至关重要,同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。
具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取,有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。
3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语,但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。
这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力,是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力,因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。
4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理在实际的阅读活动中,常常需要根据文章提供的事实和线索,进行逻辑推理,推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势等。
这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要构成部分,因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。
6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,或是向读者传递某个信息,或是愉悦读者,或是讲授某个道理。
而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来,而是隐含在文章之中。
因此,读者需要在理解文章总体内容的基础上,去领会作者的言外之意。
【说明文】【样题】(2018·全国新课标I,D)We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ r oom, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices– we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption andcontribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So wha t’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。
2019英语高考考试大纲
1英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录 1 至附录5),要求词汇量为3500 左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能:(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能:(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法;2(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
3附录 1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26 个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异4附录 2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(2) 一般过去时5(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing 形式(3) 动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语616. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气7附录 3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)8(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)9(54) 材料(Material)(55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)10附录 4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art)11附录 5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a & adabroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & nabsurd aabundant aabuse vacademic a & naccelerate vaccent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate aaccuse v accustomed a ache v & nachieve v achievement nacid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbr12ad=advertisement n adapt vadaptation nadd vaddicted aaddition naddress n adequate aadjust vadministration n admirable aadmire vadmission nadmit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent naggressive aago adagree vagreement n agricultural a agriculture nahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & v13album nalcohol nalcoholic a & nalgebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative aalthough conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing aambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous aambition nambulance nAmerica namount n & v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual aanother a & pron answer n & vant n14Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite napplication napply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval napprove v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj & prep 15ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & naspect nassess vassessment nassist vassistance nassistant nassociate vassociation nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & nattend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & aawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a & n background n16backward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been) vbeach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee n17beef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prep besides prep & ad betray vbetween prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace nbiscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody n18bomb n & vbond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a & pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & a19brunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & vcampaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon n20card ncare n & vcareful acareless acarpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcast(cast,cast) vcastle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate vcelebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable achannel nchant v & ncharacteristic a & n21charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & nchemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate vcircumstance ncircus ncity ncivil acivilian n civilization n clap vclarify vclass n classic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v & a cleaner n clear aclerk nclever aclick v climate n22climb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy aclub nclumsy a coach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa n coffee ncoin n coincidence n coke ncold a & n collar n colleague ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfort ncomfortable a command n & v comment n commercial acommit vcommitment n committee ncommon a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company ncompare vcompass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n23concentrate vconcept nconcern v & nconcert nconclude vconclusion nconcrete aconductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience nconventional a conversation n convey v convince vcook n & v cooker ncookie ncool a24copy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage ncotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count vcounter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & n crayon ncrazy acream ncreate v creature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncrop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads n crowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & v curious a currency n curriculum n curtain ncushion n custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist n25Ddad=daddy n daily a,ad & n dam ndamage n & v damp a & n dance n & v danger n dangerous adare v & modal v dark a & n darkness ndash v & ndata ndatabase ndate n & v daughter ndawn nday ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & vdebt ndecade ndecide vdecision ndeclare vdecline vdecorate vdecoration ndecrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately addelicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist ndepartment(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe vdescription ndesert v & ndeserve v26design v & ndesire v & ndesk ndestination ndestroy vdetective ndetermine vdevelop v development ndevote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation ndictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference ndifferent adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug) vdigest vdigital adignity ndilemma ndimension ndinner ndinosaur ndioxide ndip vdiploma ndirect a & vdirection ndirector ndirectory ndirty adisability ndisabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear vdisappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting adish n27disk=disc ndislike vdismiss v distance ndistant a distinction n distinguish v distribute vdistrict ndisturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & vdown prep & ad download n & v downstairs addozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt或-ed,-ed) n & vdress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) vdrive(drove,driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty n28DVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad & nEaster neastern aeat(ate,eaten) v ecology nedge nedition neditor neducate v education n educator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj & ad elder nelect velectric aelectrical a electricity n electronic aelegant aelephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty aencourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy nenergetic aenergy nengine nengineer nenjoy venjoyable aenlarge venough pron,a & ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic aentire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment nenvy v & nequal a & vequality nequip vequipment neraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially adessay nEurope nEuropean a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery aeverybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident aevolution nexact aexam=examination n examine vexample nexcellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & vexistence nexit nexpand v expect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert n explain v explanation n explicit a explode v30explore v export n & v expose v express v & n expression n extension n extra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n & v facial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) v fall2(Am)=autumn n false afamiliar afancy n,v & afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & a31fibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afind(found,found) v fine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1 nfirm2 afish n & v fisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) v flesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep & conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force v32forecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) vfork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) vfreezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator nfriend nfriendly afriendship nfrom prep front a & n frontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & a function n & v fundamental a funeral n funny afur n furnished a furniture n future nGgain vgallery n gallon n33game n garage n garbage n garden n garlic n garment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation n generous a gentle a gentleman n geography n geometry n gesture nget(got,got) v gift ngifted a giraffe ngive(gave,given) vglad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp v34grass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) vgrowth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v & n35have(has,had,had) v he pronhead n & v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) v high a & adhighway nhill nhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & nhobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & adhomeland nhometown nhomework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess n36hot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife nhousework nhow adhowever ad & conjhowl vhug vhuge ahuman a & nhuman being n humorous ahumour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahurricane n hurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream n idea n identification n identity nidiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness n imagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & ad inch nincident n include v income n increase v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v37information n initial ainn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect vinspire vinstant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention n invitation n invite viron n & v irrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke n38journalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 nkind2 akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nknife(pl knives) n knock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory n labour(Am labor) n lack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & vlanguage nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & vlaughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer n39lay(laid,laid) vlazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt或-ed,-ed) vleast nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & alesson nlet(let,let) vletter nlevel nliberation n liberty nlibrarian nlibrary nlicense nlid nlie1 n & vlie2(lay,lain) vlife(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v & a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten vliterature n literary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & vlonely along a & adlook n & vloose alorry n。
2019年高考英语考试大纲解读(含答案)
2019年高考英语考试大纲解读(含答案)《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》(英语)中有关语言知识的要求:要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题,要求词汇量为右。
3500 左高考试卷对语言知识的考查主要体现于完形填空和语法填空。
核心语法,构建网络,不纠缠褊难怪”词法、句法、章法是语法的灵魂,对于这三个要素要形成体系,不要支离破碎地学习,尽量掌握核心内容,不要把重心放在偏难怪”且有争议的语法现象上。
可以制作一个语法知识本,以梳理核心语法知识,形成自己的知识网络,进而提升借助语法进行阅读和写作的能力。
如牢记常见的不可数名词,如advice, equipment, evidence, fun, furniture, information, luck, news, luggage/baggage, progress 等牢记核心的词形变化,如warm — warmth, argue— argument, strong—strength, just—justice, unjust —injustice, explain —explanation 等。
题型1完形填空全国卷对完形填空的考查,近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主,以说明文和议论文为辅,2018 年全国卷II和全国卷出的完形填空就选用了记叙文,全国卷I采用了夹叙夹议文。
从选材到试题的设置都呈现出“稳中有变”的特点:1.题材相对稳定:文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题,能够传递正能量,弘扬社会主义核心价值观,读后能给考生带来心灵的启迪。
且文章大多原汁原味,语言地道,注重思想性和教育性,具有积极的教育意义,体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。
2.文章短小精悍:完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右,结构完整,脉络清晰,难度适中,全文设置20个空格,要求考生根据文章的整体内容,从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项,很少涉及纯语法知识试题。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲、考试说明解读:英语
在“评分原则”中,将2018年及以前的第4点:“内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和……”改为“内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和……”。
在“各档次的给分范围和要求”的第二档和第一档中,将原来的“语法结构单调、词汇项目有限”改为“语法结构单调、词汇知识有限”。
以上改动既体现了文中表述的规范性、严谨性,同时对书面表达及其评分标准也提出了不同的要求。
重视对学生基础知识的考查,继续深化对英语实际应用能力的考查,相对弱化语法,加强听力、阅读、写作能力,体现交际功能和中国文化元素等。
考试说明微变化
《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲的说明》的变化集中体现在书面表达的样题改变、评分原则和第二档、第一档的评分依据上。
在2019年的《考试说明》中,书面表达样题特意使用了2018年全国卷III的书面表达——向英国朋友介绍你校学生体育运动情况。具体如下:
各档次的给分范围和要求——0分写的内容
均与所要
求内容无
关……
改成:所写内容均与所要求内容无
关…中国教育报》发表署名文章《探索构建高考评价体系全方位推进高考内容改革》,该文章为今后的高考指明了方向:把立德树人
2019年全国高考英语大纲词汇(最新版)
2019年全国高考英语大纲词汇(最新版)activity n. 活动actor n. 男演员actress n. 女演员actual a. 实际的;现实的acute a. 敏锐的,严重的AD n. 公元ad (缩) = advertisement n. 广告adapt v. 使适应adaptation n. 适应add vt. 添加,增加addicted a. 上瘾的,有强烈兴趣的addition n. 增加;(算数用语)加address n. 地址adequate a. 足够的adjust v. 整理,调整adjustment n. 整理,调整administration n. 执行,管理admirable a. 令人钦佩的admire v. 钦佩;羡慕admission n. 准入, 接纳admit vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学,入会)adolescence n. 青春期adolescent a. 青春期的adopt v. 采用,接受adore v. 崇拜,景仰adult n. 成年人advance v. 推进,促进;前进advantage n. 优点;好处adventure n. 冒险;奇遇advertise vt. 为……做广告advertisement n. 广告advice n. 忠告,劝告,建议advise vt. 忠告,劝告,建议advocate v. 支持,提倡affair n. 事,事情affect vt. 影响affection n. 喜爱afford vt. 负担得起(……的费用);抽得出(时间);提供afraid a. 害怕的;担心Africa n. 非洲African a. 非洲的,非洲人的n. 非洲人after ad. 在后;后来prep. 在……之后;在后面conj. 在……以后afternoon n. 下午,午后afterward(s) ad. 后来again ad. 再一次;再,又against prep. 对着,反对age n. 年龄;时代agency n. 代理agenda n. 日程表agent n. 代理人aggressive a. 侵略的;咄咄逼人的ago ad. 以前第 6 页共 103 页agree v. 同意;应允agreement n. 同意,一致;协定,协议agricultural a. 农业的agriculture n. 农业,农学ahead ad. 在前,向前aid n. 援助;救护;辅助器具AIDS n. 艾滋病aim n.目的;目标v. 计划,打算;瞄准;针对air n. 空气;大气aircraft n. 飞机(单复数同)airline n. 航空公司;航空系统airmail n. 航空邮件airplane n. (美)飞机airport n. 航空站,飞机场airspace n. 领空alarm n. 警报album n. 相册alcohol n. 酒精alcoholic a. & n. 酒精的algebra n. 代数alike ad. 同样地alive a. 活着的,存在的all ad. 全部地a. 全(部);所有的;总;整pron. 全部;全体人员allergic a. 过敏的alley n. 胡同第 7 页共 103 页allocate v. 分配allow vt. 允许,准许allowance n. 津贴almost ad. 几乎,差不多alone a. 单独的,孤独的along ad. 向前;和……一起;一同prep. 沿着;顺着alongside ad. loud ad. 大声地aloud ad. 大声地alphabet n. 字母表already ad. 已经also ad. 也alternative a. 选用的although conj. 虽然,尽管altitude n. 海拔altogether ad. 总共aluminium n. 铝(Am aluminum) always ad. 总是;一直;永远am v. be的人称形式之一a.m. /am ,午前,上午amateur n. 业余爱好者amaze v. 惊奇,惊叹;震惊amazing a. 令人惊异的ambiguous a. 有歧义的ambassador n. 大使ambassadress n.女大使ambiguous a.模糊不清的;引起歧义的ambition n. 雄心第 8 页共 103 页ambulance n. 救护车America n. 美国;美洲among prep. 在……中间;在(三个以上)之间amount n. & v. 总计,总数ample a. 丰富的;足够的;宽敞的amuse vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐amusement n. 娱乐analyse /ze v. 分析analysis n. 分析ancestor n. 祖宗;祖先anchor v. & n. 锚,抛锚ancient a. 古代的,古老的and conj. 和;又;而anecdote n. 逸事anger n. 怒,愤怒angle n. 角,角度angry a. 生气的,愤怒的animal n. 动物ankle n. 踝关节anniversary n. 周年纪念announce vt. 宣布,宣告annoy vt. (使)烦恼annual a. 每年的;一年的;[植物]一年生的another a. 再一;另一;别的;不同的pron. 另一个answer n. 回答,答复;回信;答案v.第 9 页共 103 页回答,答复;回信;(作出)答案ant n. 蚂蚁Antarctic n. a. 南极的the Antarctic 南极antique n. 古董anxiety n. 焦虑anxious a. 忧虑的,焦急的any pron. (无论)哪一个;哪些任何的;(用于疑问句、否定句)一些;什么anybody pron. 任何人,无论谁anyhow ad. 不管怎样anyone pron. 任何人,无论谁anything pron. 什么事(物);任何事(物)anyway ad. 不管怎样anywhere ad. 任何地方apart ad. & a. 分离apartment n. (美)楼中单元房,一套房间;房间apologize vi. 道歉,谢罪apology n. 道歉;歉意apparent a. 明显的appeal v.& n. 呼吁,恳求, 诉诸,求助, 有吸引力,迎合爱好appear vi. 出现appearance n. 出现,露面;容貌appendix n. 附录第 10 页共 103 页appetite n. 食欲applaud v. & n. 鼓掌欢迎apple n. 苹果applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请apply v. 申请appoint v. 挑选,委派appointment n. 约会appreciate v. 欣赏;感激appreciation n. 欣赏,感激approach n. & v. 接近,方法appropriate a. 适当的approval n. 认可,同意approve v. 认可,同意approximately ad. 大约apron n. 围裙arbitrary a. 任意的,霸道的arch n. 拱形architect n. 建筑师architecture n. 建筑学Arctic a. 北极的are v. (be) (用于第二人称单复数现在时,第一、三人称复数现在时)是[L]area n. 面积;地域,地方,区域;范围,领域argue vi. 争辩,争论argument n. 争论,辩论arise (arose, arisen) vi. 起来,升起;第 11 页共 103 页出现arithmetic. 算术arm n. 臂, 支架arm v. 以……装备,武装起来n. (美)武器,武力armchair n. 扶手椅army n. 军队around ad. 在周围;在附近prep. 在……周围;大约arrange v. 安排,布置arrangement n. 安排,布置arrest v. 逮捕;拘留arrival n. 到来,到达arrive vi. 到达;达到arrow n. 箭;箭头art n. 艺术,美术;技艺article n. 文章;东西,物品;冠词artificial a. 人工的,人造的artist n. 艺术家像……一样;如同;因为prep. 作为,当做ash n. 灰;灰末ashamed a. 惭愧;害臊Asia n. 亚洲Asian a. 亚洲的,亚洲人的n. 亚洲人aside ad. 在旁边ask v. 问,询问;请求,要求;邀请asleep a. 睡着的,熟睡第 12 页共 103 页aspect n. 方面,方向assessment n. 评定assist v. 援助assistance n. 援助assistant n. 助手,助理associate v. 联系,打交道association n. 联系,社团assume v. 假设;承担assumption n. 假定,假装,承担astonish vt. 使惊讶astronaut n. 宇航员astronomer n. 天文学家astronomy n. 天文学at prep. 在(几点钟);在(某处)athlete n. 运动员athletic a. 运动的,体育的;运动员的,体育家的Atlantic a. n. 大西洋的the AtlanticOcean大西洋atmosphere n. 大气;气氛atom n. 原子,微粒attach v. 联系attack vt. & n. 攻击,袭击attain v. 获得,达到attempt vt. 试图,尝试attend v. 看护,照料,服侍;出席,参加attention n. 注意,关心第 13 页共 103 页attentively ad. 注意地attitude n. 态度,看法attract v. 吸引,引起attraction n. 吸引力attractive a. 迷人的,有吸引力的audience n. 观众,听众August n. 8月aunt n. 伯母;舅母;婶;姑;姨authentic a. 真正的author n. 作者,作家authority n. 权威,官方automatic a . 自动的autonomous a. 自主的,自治的autumn n. 秋天,秋季available a. 可用的avenue n. 大道average a. 平均的;普通的n. 平均数avoid v. 避免,躲开,逃避awake (awoke, awoken) v. a. 唤醒醒着的award n. 奖品,奖励aware a. 明白的,意识到的away ad. 离开;远离awesome a. 使人敬畏的awful a. 可怕的,糟透的awkward a. 不灵活的,难堪的Bbaby n. 婴儿第 14 页共 103 页bachelor n. 未婚男子,学士back ad. 回(原处);向后a. 后面的n. 背后,后部;背backache n. 背痛background n. 背景backward(s) ad. 向后bacon n. 咸猪肉;熏猪肉bacterium (复bacteria) n. 细菌bad (比较级worse, 最高级worst) a.坏的;有害的,不利的;严重的badminton n. 羽毛球bag n. 书包;提包;袋子baggage n. 行李bakery n. 面包店balance n. 平衡balcony n. 阳台;楼座ball n. 球舞会ballet n. 芭蕾舞balloon n. 气球bamboo n. 竹ban n. 禁令v. 禁止;取缔banana n. 香蕉band n. 乐团,乐队;管乐队bandage n. 绷带bank n. (河、海、湖的)岸,堤银行bar n. 条;(长方)块,棒,横木(酒店的)买酒柜台;酒吧;(卖东西的)柜台barbecue n. 烤肉野餐barber n. (为男人理发的)理发师barbershop n. 理发店bare a. 裸露的bargain n. (经讨价还价之后)成交的商品;廉价货v. 讨价还价bark v. 狗叫n. 狗叫声barrier n. 妨碍base n. 根据地,基地;(棒球)垒baseball n. 棒球basement n. 地下室basic a. 基本的basin n. 水盆,脸盆basis n. 基础,根据;准则basket n. 篮子basketball n. 篮球bat n. (棒球、板球的)球棒bat n. 蝙蝠bath n. 洗澡;浴室;澡盆bathe vi. 洗澡;游泳bathrobe n. 浴衣bathroom n. 浴室,盥洗室bathtub n. 澡盆battery n. 电池battle n. 战斗;战役bay n. 湾;海湾BC n. 公元前第 15 页共 103 页be v. 是(原形),其人称和时态形式有am, is, are, was, were, being, been;成为beach n. 海滨,海滩beam n. 平衡木bean n. 豆,豆科植物bean curd n. 豆腐bear v. 承受,负担,承担;忍受;容忍bear n. 熊beard n. (下巴上的)胡须beast n. 野兽;牲畜beat (beat, beaten) v. 敲打;跳动;打赢n. (音乐)节拍beautiful a. 美的,美丽的,美观的beauty n. 美丽,美人because conj. 因为become (became, be come) v. 变得;成为bed n. 床beddings n. 铺盖bedroom n. 寝室,卧室bee n.. 蜜蜂beef n. 牛肉beer n. 啤酒before prep. 在……以前;在……前面ad. 以前conj. 在……之前beg v. 请求,乞求,乞讨begin(began, begun) v. 开始,着手beginning n. 开始,开端behalf n. 代表behave v. 守规矩,行为behaviour n. 行为,举止behind prep. (表示位置)在……后面ad. 在后面;向后being n. 物;生物;人belief n. 信条,信念believe v. 相信,认为bell n. 钟,铃;钟(铃)声;钟形物belly n. 肚子belong vi. 属,附属below prep. 在……下面belt n. (皮)带bench n. 长凳;工作台bend (bent, bent) vt. 使弯曲beneath prep. 在……下方(面)beneficial a. 有益的benefit n. & v. 利益;使受益bent a.& n. 弯的beside prep. 在……旁边;靠近besides prep. 除……以外(还有)ad. 还有,此外betray v. 背叛between prep. 在(两者)之间;在……中间beyond prep. (表示位置) 在……的那第 16 页共 103 页边bicycle n. 自行车bid v. & n. 出价,投标big a. 大的bike = bicycle n. 自行车bill n.账单;法案,议案;(美)钞票,纸币bingo n. 宾戈biochemistry n. 生物化学biography n. 传记biology n. 生物(学)bird n. 鸟birdcage n. 鸟笼birth n. 出生;诞生birthday n. 生日birthplace n. 出生地;故乡biscuit n. 饼干bishop n. (天主教及英国国教等的)主教bit n. 一点,一些,少量的bite (bit, bitten) v. 咬;叮bitter a. 有苦味的;痛苦的,难过的;严酷的black n. 黑色a. 黑色的blackboard n. 黑板blame n.& v. 责备;责怪blank n.& a. 空格,空白(处);空的;茫然无表情的blanket n. 毛毯,毯子bleed vi. 出血,流血bless vt. 保佑,降福blind a. 瞎的block n. 大块;(木、石等)块;街区;路障vt. 阻塞;阻挡blood n. 血,血液blouse n. 宽罩衫;(妇女、儿童穿的)短上衣blow n. 击;打击blow (blew, blown) v. 吹;刮风;吹气blue n. 蓝色a.蓝色的blue a. 悲伤的;沮丧的board n. 木板;布告牌;委员会;(政府的)部v. 上(船、火车、飞机)boat n. 小船,小舟body n. 身体boil v. 沸腾;烧开;煮……bomb n. 炸弹v. 轰炸bond n. & v. 接合;合同,联系bone n. 骨头,骨质(复数bones骨骼;骨骸)bonus n. 奖金book n. 书;本子v. 预定(房间、车票等)boom n. & v. 繁荣,迅速发展boot n. 长统靴;靴booth n. 岗;(为某种用途而设的)亭第 17 页共 103 页或小隔间border n. 边缘;边境,国界bored a. 厌烦的boring a. 乏味的,无聊的born a. 出生borrow v. (向别人)借用;借boss n. 领班;老板botanical a. 植物学的botany n. 植物;植物学both a. 两;双pron. 两者;双方bother v. 麻烦bottle n. 瓶子bottom n. 底部;底bounce n. 弹跳bound a. 被束缚的;被绑的;有义务的bound v.& n. 跳跃boundary n. 界限bow v.& n. 鞠躬,弯腰行礼bowl n. 碗bowling n. 保龄球box n. 盒子,箱子boxing n. 拳击(运动)boy n. 男孩boycott v. 抵制brain n. 脑(子)brake n. 闸vi. 刹车branch n. 树枝;分枝;分公司,分店;支部brand n. 商标brave a. 勇敢的bravery n. 勇气bread n. 面包break n. 间隙break (broke, broken) v. 打破(断,碎);损坏,撕开breakfast n. 早餐breakthrough n. 突破breast n. 胸部breath n. 气息;呼吸breathe vi. 呼吸breathless a. 气喘吁吁的brewery n. 啤酒厂brick n. 砖;砖块bride n. 新娘bridegroom n. 新郎bridge n. 桥brief a. 简洁的bright a. 明亮的;聪明的brilliant a. 光辉的;明亮的;色彩艳丽的bring (brought, brought) vt. 拿来,带来,取来broad a. 宽的,宽大的broadcast n. 广播节目broadcast(broadcast, broadcast 或ed,ed ) vt. 广播brochure n. 小册子第 18 页共 103 页broken a. 弄坏了的broom n. 扫帚brother n. 兄;弟brown n. 褐色,棕色a. 褐色的,棕色的brunch n. 早午饭(晚早饭)brush v. 刷;擦n. 刷子bucket n. 铲斗;桶Buddhism n. 佛教budget n. 预算buffet n. 自助餐build (built, built) v. 建筑;造building n. 建筑物;房屋;大楼bunch n. 束,卷,串bungalow n. 平房burden n. 负担bureaucratic a. 官僚的burglar n. 窃贼burial n. 埋葬burn (ed, ed 或burnt, burnt) v. 燃,烧,着火;使烧焦;使晒黑n. 烧伤;晒伤burst v. 突然发生;突然发作bury vt. 埋;葬bus n. 公共汽车bus stop n. 公共汽车站bush n. 灌木丛,矮树丛business n. (本分)工作,职业;职责;生意,交易;事业businessman n. 商人(男);男企业家( pl businessmen)businesswoman n. 商人(女);女企业家( pl businesswomen)busy a. 忙(碌)的but conj. 但是,可是;prep. 除了,除……外butcher n. vt. 肉店;屠夫屠宰(动物);残杀(人)butter n. 黄油,奶油butterfly n. 蝴蝶button n. 纽扣;(电铃等的)按钮v. 扣(纽扣)buy(bought, bought) vt. 买by prep. 靠近,在……旁;在……时间;不迟于;被;用;由;乘(车)bye int. 再见Ccab n. (美)出租车cabbage n. 卷心菜,洋白菜cafén. 咖啡馆;餐馆cafeteria n. 自助餐厅cage n 笼;鸟笼cake n. 蛋糕,糕点;饼calculate v. 计算第 19 页共 103 页call n. 喊,叫;电话,通话v. 称呼;呼唤;喊,叫calm a. 镇静的;沉着的v. 镇静;沉着camel n. 骆驼camera n. 照相机;摄像机camp n. (夏令)营vi. 野营;宿营campaign n. 社会运动can (could) can’t = can notmodal v. 可能;能够;可以不能can n. (美)罐头;罐子canal n. 运河;水道cancel vt. 取消cancer n. 癌candidate n. 候选人candle n. 蜡烛candy n. 糖果canteen n. 餐厅;食堂cap n. (无檐的或仅在前面有檐的)帽子;(瓶子的)盖;(钢笔等的)笔套capital n. 首都,省会;大写;资本capsule n. 胶囊captain n.(海军)上校;船长,舰长;队长caption n. 标题,字幕car n. 汽车,小卧车carbon n. 碳card n.卡片;名片;纸牌card games 纸牌游戏care n. 照料,保护;小心v. 介意……,在乎;关心careful a. 小心的,仔细的,谨慎的careless a. 粗心的,漫不经心的carpenter n. 木匠carpet n. 地毯carriage n. 四轮马车;(火车)客车厢carrier n. 搬运者;媒介;(自行车等的)置物架;(车的)货架carrot n.胡萝卜carry vt. 拿,搬,带,提,抬,背,抱,运等cartoon n. 动画片,卡通;漫画carve vt.刻;雕刻case n. 情况;病例;案件;真相,箱;盒;容器cash n. 现金,现钞v. 兑现cassette n. 磁带cast (cast, cast) v. 扔,抛,撒castle n. 城堡casual a. 偶然的,不经意的cat n. 猫catalog(ue) n. 目录catastrophe n. 大灾难catch(caught, caught) v. 接住;捉住;赶上;染上(疾病)第 20 页共 103 页category n. 类别cater v. 提供餐饮,满足需要catholic a. 包罗万象的Catholic n.教堂(天主教)cattle n. 牛(总称),家畜cause n. 原因,起因vt. 促使,引起,使发生caution n. 谨慎cautious a. 谨慎的cave n. 洞,穴;地窖CD 光盘(compact disk的缩写)ceiling n. 天花板,顶棚celebrate v. 庆祝celebration n. 庆祝;庆祝会cell n.(监狱的)单人牢房;(修道院等的)单人小室;(蜂巢的)小蜂窝,蜂房;[生物]细胞cent n. 美分(100 cents = 1 dollar)centigrade a. 摄氏的centimetre (美centimeter) n. 公分,厘米central a. 中心的,中央的;主要的centre (美center ) n. 中心,中央century n. 世纪,百年ceremoney n. 仪式certain a. (未指明真实名称的)某……;确定的,无疑的;一定会…… certainly ad. 当然,是的;一定,无疑certificate n. 证明,证明书chain n. 链;链条chain store(s) 连锁店chair n. 椅子chairman n. 主席,会长;议长chairwoman n. 女主席, 女会长;女议长chalk n. 粉笔challenge n.挑战(性)challenging a.具有挑战性的champion n. 冠军,优胜者chance n. 机会,可能性change n. 零钱;找头v. 改变,变化;更换;兑换changeable a.易变的,变化无常的channel n.频道;通道;水渠chant v. & n. 圣歌,歌唱chaos n. 混乱chapter n. 章character n. (汉)字,字体;品格characteristic a. 特别的charge v. 要求收费;索价;将(电池)充电n. 费用;价钱chart n. 图表;航海图chat n. & vi.聊天,闲谈cheap a. 便宜的,贱cheat n. & v. 骗取,哄骗;作弊check n. 检查;批改vt. 校对,核对;第 21 页共 103 页检查;批改cheek n. 面颊,脸蛋cheer n. & vi.欢呼;喝彩cheerful a.兴高采烈的,快活的cheers int. 干杯,(英口语)谢谢,再见cheese n. 奶酪chef n. 厨师chemical a. 化学的n. 化学品chemist n. 药剂师;化学家chemistry n. 化学cheque (美check) n. 支票chess n. 棋chest n. 箱子;盒子;胸部chew vt. 咀嚼chick n. 小鸡chicken n. 鸡;鸡肉chief a. 主要的;首要的n. 领导,头child (复children) n. 孩子,儿童childhood n. 幼年时代,童年chocolate n. 巧克力choice n. 选择;抉择choir n. 合唱班choke n. & v. 窒息choose (chose, chosen) vt. 选择chopsticks n. 筷子chorus n. 合唱团Christian n. 基督教徒和天主教徒的总称Christmas n. 圣诞节(12月25日)Christmas card 圣诞卡Christmas tree 圣诞树Christmas Eve 圣诞(前)夜church n. 教堂;教会cigar n. 雪茄烟cigarette n. 纸烟,香烟cinema n. 电影院;电影circle n. vt. 圆圈将……圈起来circuit n. 圈电路circulate v. 循环,流通circumstance n. 环境circus n. 马戏团citizen n. 公民;居民city n. 市,城市,都市civil a. 国内的;平民(非军人)的;民用的civilian n. 平民civilization n. 文明clap vi. 拍手;鼓掌clarify v. 澄清class n. (学校里的)班;年级;课classic a. 经典的classify v. 分类classmate n. 同班同学classroom n. 教室第 22 页共 103 页claw n. 爪clay n. 黏土clean vt. 擦干净a. 清洁的,干净的cleaner n. 清洁工;清洁器;清洁剂clear a. 清晰的;明亮的;清楚的clearly ad. 清楚地,无疑地clerk n. 书记员;办事员;职员clever a. 聪明的,伶俐的click v. 点击(计算机用语)climate n. 气候climb v. 爬,攀登clinic n. 诊所clock n. 钟clone n.克隆(无性繁殖出来的有机体群)close a. 亲密的;近,靠近ad. 近,靠近close vt. 关,关闭cloth n. 布clothes n. 衣服;各种衣物clothing n. (总称) 衣服cloud n. 云;云状物;阴影cloudy a. 多云的,阴天的club n. 俱乐部;纸牌中的梅花clumsy a. 笨拙的coach n. 教练;马车;长途车coal n. 煤;煤块coast n. 海岸;海滨coat n. 外套;涂层;表皮;皮毛vt. 给……穿外套;涂上cock n. 公鸡cocoa n . 可可粉coffee n. 咖啡coin n. 硬币coincidence n. 巧合coke n. 可口可乐cold a. 冷的,寒的n. 寒冷;感冒,伤风collar n. 衣领;硬领colleague n. 同事collect vt. 收集,搜集collection n. 收藏品,收集物college n. 学院;专科学校collision n. 碰撞;相撞; (意见、利益等的)冲突,抵触colour (美color) n. 颜色vt. 给……着色,涂色comb n. 梳子v. 梳combine vt. 使联合;使结合come (came, come) vi. 来,来到comedy n. 喜剧comfort n. 安慰;慰问comfortable a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的command n. & v. 命令comment n. 评论commercial a. 商业的;商务的第 23 页共 103 页commit v. 犯(罪),做(错事等) commitment n. 承诺committee n. 委员会common a. 普通的,一般的;共有的communicate v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等)v. 交流communication n. 交际;交往;通讯communism n. 共产主义communist n. 共产主义者a. 共产党的;共产主义的companion n. 同伴;同事company n. 公司compare vt. 比较,对照compass n. 指南针compensate v. 补偿compete vi. 比赛,竞赛competence n. 能力competition n. 比赛,竞赛complete a. 完成的vt. 完成,结束complex a. & n. 复杂的component n. 成分composition n. 作文;作曲comprehension n. 理解compromise v. 妥协,谅解compulsory 有义务的computer n. 电子计算机concentrate v. 集中,全神贯注concept n. 概念concern v.& n. 涉及,关系到;影响到;关心的事,重要的事[C]concert n. 音乐会;演奏会conclude v. 完成,结束conclusion n. 结论;结束concrete a. 有形的,实在的;具象的;具体的; 混凝土的condemn v. 谴责condition n. 条件,状况conduct vt. 引导,带领conductor n. 管理人;指导者;(车上的)售票员,列车员;乐队指挥conference n. (正式的)会议;讨论confident a. 自信的confidential a. 机密的confirm v. 证实;确定; 批准,确认conflict n. 冲突,抵触,不一致,分歧confuse v. 把...弄糊涂,使困惑congratulate vt. 祝贺congratulation n. 祝贺,庆贺connect vt. 连接,把……联系起来connection. n. 连接物;接触,联系conscience n. 良心consensus n. 共同看法consequence n. 后果conservation n(自然资源的)保护,管理conservative a. n. 保守的,守旧的;第 24 页共 103 页保守主义的;谨慎的保守的人,保守主义consider vt. 考虑considerate a. 体贴的consideration n. 考虑;关心consist v. 包含,组成,构成consistent a. 一致的constant a. 经常的,不断的constitution n. 宪法construct v. 构筑;建造,建设construction n. 建造,建设;建筑物consult v. 查阅,咨询consultant n. 顾问consume v. 消耗contain v. 包含;包括;能容纳container n. 容器contemporary a. 当代的content a. 甘愿的,满意的content n. 内容continent n. 大陆,大洲;陆地continue vi. 继续contradict v. 驳斥,相矛盾contradictory a. 互相矛盾的contrary n.& a. 相反; 相反的contribute v. 贡献contribution n. 贡献control vt.& n. 控制controversial a. 引起争论的convenience n. 便利convenient a. 便利的,方便的convertional a. 约定俗成的conversation n. 谈话,交谈convey v. 运载,表达convince v. 使确信cook n. 炊事员,厨师v. 烹调,做饭cooker n. 炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等) cookie n. 小甜饼cool a. 凉的,凉爽的;酷copy n. 抄本,副本;一本(份,册……)v. 抄写;复印;(计算机用语)拷(备份盘)corn n. 玉米,谷物corner n. 角;角落;拐角corporation n. 公司correct v. 改正;纠正a. 正确的,对的;恰当的correction n. 改正correspond vi. 一致;与……相当;(与人)通信,有书信往来corrupt a. & v. 堕落,贿赂cost n. 价格cost (cost, cost) v . 值(多少钱);花费cosy a. 舒适的cottage n. (郊外的)小屋,村舍;别墅cotton n. 棉花a. 棉花的cough n.& vi. 咳嗽第 25 页共 103 页could modal v.(can的过去式)可以……;(表示许可或请求)可以……,行count vt. 数,点数counter n. 柜台,结账处country n. 国家;农村,乡下countryside n. 乡下,农村couple n. 夫妇,一对courage n. 勇气;胆略course n. 过程;经过;课程court n. 法庭;法院courtyard n. 庭院,院子cousin n. 堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹cover n. 盖子;罩v. 覆盖,遮盖;掩盖cow n. 母牛,奶牛cowboy n. (美国)牛仔;牧场骑士crash v. & n. 猛撞crayon n. 蜡笔;蜡笔画crazy a. 疯狂的cream n. 奶油,乳脂create vt. 创造;造成creature n. 生物credit n. 信用;信赖;信誉crew n. 全体船员crime n. (法律上的)罪,犯罪criminal n. 罪犯criterion (复数criteria) n. 标准crop n. 庄稼;收成cross a. 脾气不好的,易怒的cross n. 十字形的东西vt. 越过;穿过crossing n. 十字路口,人行横道crossroads n. 交叉路口crowd n. 人群vt. 拥挤,群聚cruel a. 残忍的,残酷的;无情的cry n. 叫喊;哭声v. 喊叫;哭cube n. 立方体cubic a. 立方体的,立方形的cuisine n. 烹饪culture n. 文化cup n. 茶杯cupboard n. 碗柜;橱柜cure n. & vt. 治疗;医好curious a. 好奇的;奇异的currency n. 货币;现金curriculum n. 课程curtain n. 窗帘cushion n. 垫子custom n. 习惯,习俗,风俗习惯customer n. (商店等的)顾客,主顾customs n. 海关,关税cut (cut, cut) v. n. 切,剪,削,割伤口cycle vi. 骑自行车第 26 页共 103 页cyclist n. 骑自行车的人Ddad = daddy n. (口语)爸爸,爹爹daily a. 每日的;日常的ad. 每天n. 日报dam n. 水坝,堰堤damage n.& vt. 毁坏,损害damp a. & n. 潮湿(的)dance n.& vi. 跳舞danger n. 危险dangerous a. 危险的dare v.& aux.(后接不带to的不定式;主要用于疑问,否定或条件句)敢,敢于dark n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮a. 黑暗的;暗淡的;深色的darkness n. 黑暗,阴暗dash v. & n. 快跑,冲刺,短跑data n. 资料,数据database n. 资料库,数据库date n. & v.日期;约会daughter n. 女儿dawn n. 黎明,拂晓day n. (一)天,(一)日;白天daylight n. 日光,白昼;黎明dead a. 死的;无生命的deadline n.最后期限,截止日期deaf a. 聋的deal n. 量,数额;交易dear int. (表示惊愕等)哎呀!唷!dear a. 亲爱的;贵的death n. 死讨论,辩论debt n. 债务;欠款decade n. 十年decide v. 决定;下决心decision n. 决定;决心declare vt. 声明;断言decline v. 谢绝,减弱decorate vt.装饰……,修饰……decoration n.装饰,修饰decrease v. 减;减少,减小deed n. 行为;事迹deep a. 深ad. 深;深厚deer n. 鹿defeat vt. 击败;战胜defence (美defense) n. & v. 防御;防务defend vt. 防守;保卫degree n. 程度;度数;学位delay v.& n. 拖延,延误,延迟,延期;耽搁delete v. 删去deliberately ad. 蓄意地,审慎地第 27 页共 103 页delicate a. 娇嫩的,精巧的,易碎的,脆弱的delicious a. 美味的,可口的delight n. 快乐;乐事delighted a. 高兴的,快乐的deliver vt. 投递(信件,邮包等)demand vt. 要求dentist n. 牙科医生department (缩Dept.) n. 部门;(机关的)司,处;(大学的)系departure n. 离开,启程depend vi. 依靠,依赖,指望;取决于deposit v. & n. 存款; 把(钱)储存,存放(银行等); 堆积;沉淀; 使沉淀;使沉积depth n. 深,深度describe vt. 描写,叙述description n. 描述,描写desert n. 沙漠desert vt. 舍弃;遗弃deserve v. 应得,值得design n.& vt. 设计,策划图案,图样,样式desire vt. & n. 要求;期望desk n. 书桌,写字台desperate a. 绝望的dessert n. 甜点destination n. 目的地destroy vt. 破坏,毁坏detective n. 侦探determine vt. 决定;决心determination n. 决心develop v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发vt. 冲洗(照片)development n. 发展,发达,发育,开发devote vt. 把……奉献;把……专用(于)devotion n. 奉献,奉献精神diagram n. 图表,图样dial vt. 拨(电话号码)dialogue (美dialog) n. 对话diamond n. 钻石,金刚石;纸牌中的方块diary n. 日记;日记簿dictation n. 听写dictionary n. 词典,字典die v. 死diet n. 饮食differ v. 相异,有区别difference n. 不同different a. 不同的,有差异的difficult a. 难的;艰难的;不易相处的difficulty n. 困难,费力dig (dug, dug) v. 挖(洞、沟等);掘第 28 页共 103 页digest v. 消化;领会digital a. 数字的,数码的dignity n. 尊严,庄严dilemma n. 困境dimension n. (长、宽、厚、高等的)尺寸; 重要性;范围[dinner n. 正餐,宴会dinosaur n. 恐龙dioxide n. 二氧化物dip vt. 浸,蘸;把……放入又取出diploma n. 毕业文凭;学位证书direct a. &. vt. 直接的;直达的;直截了当的指挥;指导;监督;管理;指挥(演奏);导演(电影)direction n. 方向;方位director n. 所长,处长,主任;董事;导演directory n. 姓名地址录dirty a. 脏的disability n. 残疾;无能disabled a. 残废的,残疾的disadvantage n. 不利条件;弱点disagree vi. 意见不一致,持不同意见disagreement n. 意见不一致;相违;争论disappear vi. 消失disappoint vt. 使失望disappointed a. 失望的disaster n. 灾难;祸患discount n. 折扣discourage vt. (使)气馁;打消(做……的念头)discover vt. 发现discovery n. 发现discrimination n. 歧视discuss vt. 讨论,议论discussion n. 讨论,辩论disease n. 病,疾病disgusting a. 令人恶心的dish n. 盘,碟;盘装菜;盘形物disk =disc n. 磁盘dislike vt. 不喜爱;厌恶dismiss vt. 让……离开;遣散;解散;解雇distance n. 距离distant a. 远的,遥远的distinction n. 差别,对比distinguish v. 辨别distribute v. 分发district n. 区;地区;区域disturb vt. 扰乱;打扰distrubing a. 扰人的dive vi. 跳水diverse a. 多种多样的divide vt. 分,划分division n. (算术用语)除第 29 页共 103 页divorce v. 离婚dizzy a. 头眩目晕的do (did, done) v. & aux.做,干(用以构成疑问句及否定句。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲 英语
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录 1 至附录 5),要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能:(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能:(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
附录 1语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录 3功能意念项目表1.社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2.态度 (Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡 (Indifference)(34)判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35)高兴 (Happiness)(36)惊奇 (Surprise)(37)忧虑 (Worries)(38)安慰 (Reassurance)(39)满意 (Satisfaction)(40)遗憾 (Regret)(41)同情 (Sympathy)(42)恐惧 (Fear)(43)愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44)时刻 (Point of time)(45)时段 (Duration)(46)频度 (Frequency)(47)时序 (Sequence)5.空间 (Space) (48)位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6.存在 (Existence)(51)存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52)形状 (Shape)(53)颜色 (Colour)(54)材料 (Material)(55)价格 (Price)(56)规格 (Size)(57)年龄 (Age)8.计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9.比较 (Comparison)(62)同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63)差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65)原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66)目的 (Purpose)11.职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)附录 4话题项目表1.个人情况 (Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境 (Personal environments)4.日常活动 (Daily routines)5.学校生活 (School life)6.兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情 (Emotions)8.人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物 (Shopping)12.饮食 (Food and drink)13.健康 (Health)14.天气 (Weather)15.文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17.语言学习 (Language learning)18.自然 (Nature)19.世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题 (Topical issues)22.历史与地理 (History and geography)23.社会 (Society)24.文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表A accommodation na(an) art accompany vabandon v accomplish vability n account nable a accountant nabnormal a accumulate vaboard prep accuracy nabolish v accurate aabortion n accuse vabout ad & prep accustomed a above prep,a & ad ache v & nabroad ad achieve vabrupt a achievement n absence n acid aabsent a acknowledge v absolute a acquaintance n absorb v acquire vabstract a & n acquisition nabsurd a acre nabundant a across prepabuse v act n & vacademic a & n action nacademy n active aaccelerate v activity naccent n actor naccept v actress naccess n & v actual aaccessible a acute aaccident n AD abbrad=advertisement n afford vadapt v afraid a adaptation n Africa nadd v African a & n addicted a after ad,prep & conj addition n afternoon n address n afterward(s) ad adequate a again adadjust v against prep adjustment n age n administration n agency n admirable a agenda nadmire v agent n admission n aggressive a admit v ago ad adolescence n agree v adolescent a & n agreement n adopt v agricultural a adore v agriculture nadult n ahead ad advance v & n aid n & v advantage n AIDS n adventure n aim n & v advertise v air n advertisement n aircraft nadvice n airline nadvise v airmail n advocate v airplane naffair n airport naffect v airspace n affection n alarm n & valbum n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a & n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition n alive a ambulance nall ad,a & pron America n allergic a among prep alley n amount n & v allocate v ample aallow v amuse v allowance n amusement n almost ad analyse valone a analysis n along ad & prep ancestor n alongside ad anchor v & n aloud ad ancient a alphabet n and conj already ad anecdote nalso ad anger n alternative a angle n although conj angry a altitude n animal n altogether ad ankle n aluminium anniversary n (Am aluminum) n announce v always ad annoy vam v(be) annual aa.m./am,A.M./AM abbr another a & pron amateur a answer n & v amaze v ant nAntarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron & a apron n anybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch nanyone pron architect n anything pron architecture n anyway ad Arctic a anywhere ad are v(be)apart ad & a area n apartment n argue v apologize v argument n apology n arise(arose,arisen) v apparent a arithmetic n appeal v & n arm n & vappear v armchair n appearance n army n appendix n around ad & prep appetite n arrange v applaud v & n arrangement n apple n arrest v applicant n arrival n application n arrive vapply v arrow nappoint v art n appointment n article n appreciate v artificial a appreciation n artist n approach n & v as ad,conj & prepash n attend vashamed a attention nAsia n attitude nAsian a & n attract vaside ad attraction nask v attractive aasleep a audience naspect n aunt nassess v authentic aassessment n author nassist v authority nassistance n automatic aassistant n autonomous aassociate v autumn nassociation n available aassume v avenue nassumption n average a & nastonish v avoid vastronaut n awake(awoke,awoken) v & a astronomer n award nastronomy n aware aat prep away adathlete n awesome aathletic a awful aAtlantic a awkward aatmosphere natom n Battach v baby nattack v & n bachelor nattain v back ad,a & nattempt v & n background nbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis nbacterium(pl bacteria) n basket nbad(worse,worst) a basketball nbadminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom nbalance n bathtub nbalcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbrbamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n & v were,being,been) v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bean curd nbank n bear1 nbar n bear2 vbarbecue n beard nbarber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & n bare a beautiful abargain n & v beauty nbark v & n because conjbarrier n become(became,become) v base n bed nbaseball n beddings nbasement n bedroom nbasic a bee nbeef n bike=bicycle n beer n bill nbefore prep,ad&conj bingo nbeg v biochemistry n begin(began,begun) v biography n behalf n biology n behave v bird nbehaviour(Am behavior) n birth nbehind prep & ad birthday nbeing n birthplace nbelief n biscuit nbelieve v bishop nbell n bit nbelly n bite(bit,bitten) v belong v bitter abelow prep black a & nbelt n blackboard n bench n blame n & vbend(bent,bent) v blank n & a beneath prep blanket n beneficial a bleed vbenefit n & v bless vbent a & n blind abeside prep block n & v besides prep & ad blood nbetray v blouse n between prep blow(blew,blown) v beyond prep blue n & a bicycle n board n & vbid v & n boat nbig a body nboil v brain nbomb n & v brake n & vbond n & v branch nbone n brand nbonus n brave abook n & v bravery nboom n & v bread nboot n break(broke,broken) v & n booth n breakfast nborder n breakthrough nbored a breast nboring a breath nborn a breathe vborrow v breathless aboss n brewery nbotanical a brick nbotany n bride nboth a & pron bridegroom nbother v bridge nbottle n brief abottom n bright abounce v brilliant abound a bring(brought,brought) v boundary n broad abow v & n broadcast(broadcast,bowl n broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v bowling n brochure nbox n broken aboxing n broom nboy n brother nboycott v brown n & abrunch n Cbrush v & n cab nBuddhism n cabbage nbudget n cafe nbuffet n cafeteria nbuild(built,built) v cage nbuilding n cake nbunch n calculate v bungalow n call n & vburden n calm a & v bureaucratic a camel nburglar n camera nburn(burnt,burnt camp n & v或-ed,-ed) v & n campaign nburst v can1(could);bury v can’t=cannot modal vbus n can2 nbush n canal nbusiness n cancel vbusinessman/woman cancer n(pl businessmen/ women) n candidate nbusy a candle nbut conj & prep candy nbutcher n & v canteen nbutter n cap nbutterfly n capital nbutton n & v capsule nbuy(bought,bought) v captain nby prep caption nbye int car ncarbon ncard n ceiling ncare n & v celebrate vcareful a celebration n careless a cell ncarpenter n cent ncarpet n centigrade a carriage n centimetrecarrier n (Am centimeter) n carrot n central acarry v centre(Am center) n cartoon n century ncarve v ceremony ncase n certain acash n & v certificate n cassette n chain ncast(cast,cast) v chair ncastle n chairman/woman casual a (pl chairmen/women) n cat n chalk ncatalogue n challenge n catastrophe n challenging acatch(caught,caught) v champion n category n chance ncater v change n & v Catholic a changeable acattle n channel ncause n & v chant v & ncaution n chaos ncautious a chapter ncave n character nCD=compact disk n characteristic a & ncharge v & n Christmas n chart n church nchat n & v cigar ncheap a cigarette n cheat n & v cinema n check n & v circle n & v cheek n circuit n cheer n & v circulate v cheerful a circumstance n cheers int circus n cheese n citizen nchef n city n chemical a & n civil a chemist n civilian n chemistry n civilization n cheque(Am check) n clap vchess n clarify v chest n class nchew v classic a chicken n classify v chief a & n classmate n child(pl children) n classroom n childhood n claw n chocolate n clay n choice n clean v & a choir n cleaner n choke n & v clear a choose(chose,chosen) v clerk n chopsticks n clever a chorus n click v Christian n climate nclimb v come(came,come) v clinic n comedy nclock n comfort nclone v comfortable a close a & ad command n & v cloth n comment n clothes n commercial a clothing n commit vcloud n commitment n cloudy a committee nclub n common a clumsy a communicate v coach n communication n coal n communism n coast n communist n & a coat n companion n cocoa n company ncoffee n compare vcoin n compass n coincidence n compensate v coke n compete vcold a & n competence n collar n competition n colleague n complete a & v collect v complex a & n collection n component n college n composition n collision n comprehension n colour(Am color) n & v compromise v comb n & v compulsory a combine v computer nconcentrate v constant a concept n constitution n concern v & n construct v concert n construction n conclude v consult v conclusion n consultant n concrete a consume v condemn v contain v condition n container n conduct v contemporary a conductor n content1 n conference n content2 a confident a continent n confidential a continue v confirm v contradict v conflict n contradictory a confuse v contrary n & a congratulate v contribute v congratulation n contribution n connect v control v & n connection n controversial a conscience n convenience n consensus n convenient a consequence n conventional a conservation n conversation n conservative a convey v consider v convince v considerate a cook n & v consideration n cooker n consist v cookie n consistent a cool acopy n & v creature ncorn n credit ncorner n crew n corporation n crime ncorrect v & a criminal n correction n criterion(pl criteria) n correspond v crop ncorrupt a & v cross n & vcost n & v crossing ncosy(Am cozy) a crossroads n cottage n crowd n & vcotton n & a cruel acough n & v cry n & vcould modal v cube ncount v cubic acounter n cuisine ncountry n culture n countryside n cup ncouple n cupboard n courage n cure n & vcourse n curious acourt n currency n courtyard n curriculum n cousin n curtain ncover n & v cushion ncow n custom ncrash v & n customer ncrayon n customs ncrazy a cut(cut,cut) v & n cream n cycle vcreate v cyclist ndeclare vD decline vdad=daddy n decorate vdaily a,ad & n decoration ndam n decrease vdamage n & v deed ndamp a & n deep a & addance n & v deer ndanger n defeat v dangerous a defence(Am defense) n dare v & modal v defend vdark a & n degree ndarkness n delay n & vdash v & n delete v & ndata n deliberately ad database n delicate adate n & v delicious a daughter n delight ndawn n delighted aday n deliver vdead a demand vdeadline n dentist ndeaf a department(Dept.) n deal n departure ndear a depend vdeath n deposit v & n debate n & v depth ndebt n describe vdecade n description n decide v desert v & n decision n deserve vdesign v & n dilemma n desire v & n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip vdestroy v diploma n detective n direct a & v determine v direction n develop v director n development n directory n devote v dirty a devotion n disability n diagram n disabled adial v disadvantage n dialogue(Am dialog) n disagree v diamond n disagreement n diary n disappear v dictation n disappoint v dictionary n disappointed a die v disaster ndiet n discount n differ v discourage v difference n discover v different a discovery n difficult a discrimination n difficulty n discuss vdig(dug,dug) v discussion n digest v disease n digital a disgusting a dignity n dish ndisk=disc n dislike vdismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district ndisturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision n divorce vdizzy ado(did,done)v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback n drawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n elect vdynamic a electric a dynasty n electrical aelectricity nE electronic aeach a & pron elegant aeager a elephant neagle n else adear n e-mail n & v early a & ad embarrass vearn v embassy nearth n emergency n earthquake n emperor neast a,ad & n employ vEaster n empty aeastern a encourage veasy a encouragement n eat(ate,eaten) v end n & vecology n ending nedge n endless aedition n enemy neditor n energetic a educate v energy n education n engine n educator n engineer neffect n enjoy veffort n enjoyable aegg n enlarge v eggplant n enough pron,a & ad either a,conj & ad enquiry nelder n enter venterprise n everything pron entertainment n everywhere ad enthusiastic a evidence nentire a evident a entrance n evolution nentry n exact aenvelope n exam=examination n environment n examine venvy v & n example nequal a & v excellent a equality n except prepequip v exchange n & v equipment n excite veraser n excuse n & verror n exercise n & v erupt v exhibition n escape n & v exist vespecially ad existence nessay n exit nEurope n expand v European a & n expect vevaluate v expectation neven ad expense nevening n expensive aevent n experience n eventually ad experiment never ad expert nevery a explain v everybody pron explanation n everyday a explicit a everyone pron explode vexplore v fantastic aexport n & v fantasy nexpose v far(farther,farthestexpress v & n 或 further,furthest) a & ad expression n fare nextension n farm nextra a farmer nextraordinary a fast a & adextreme a fasten veye n fat n & aeyesight n father nfault nF favour(Am favor) nface n & v favourite(Am favorite) a & n facial a fax n & vfact n fear nfactory n feast nfade v feather nfail v & n federal afailure n fee nfair1 a feed(fed,fed) vfair2 n feel(felt,felt) vfaith n feeling nfall1(fell,fallen) v fellow nfall2(Am)=autumn n female a & nfalse a fence nfamiliar a ferry nfamily n festival n & afamous a fetch vfan n fever nfancy n,v & a few pron & afibre(Am fiber) n flat2 nfiction n flee(fled,fled) vfield n flesh nfierce a flexible afight(fought,fought) n & v flight nfigure n & v float vfile n flood n & vfill v floor nfilm n & v flour nfinal a flow vfinance n flower nfind(found,found) v flu nfine1 a fluency nfine2 v fluent afinger n fly1(flew,flown) v fingernail n fly2 nfinish v & n focus v & nfire n & v fog nfireworks n foggy afirm1 n fold vfirm2 a folk n & afish n & v follow vfisherman n fond afist n food nfit a & v fool n & vfix v foolish aflag n foot(pl feet) nflame n football nflash n for prep & conj flashlight n forbid(forbade,forbidden) v flat1 a force vforecast n & v frequent a forehead n fresh aforeign a friction n foreigner n fridge=refrigerator n foresee(foresaw,foreseen) v friend nforest n friendly a forever ad friendship n forget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v frighten v forgetful a frog nforgive(forgave,forgiven) v from prepfork n front a & nform n & v frontier nformat n frost nformer a fruit nfortnight n fry vfortunate a fuel nfortune n full aforward ad fun n & afoster v function n & v found v fundamental a fountain n funeral nfox n funny afragile a fur nfragrant a furnished a framework n furniture nfranc n future nfree afreedom n Gfreeway n gain vfreeze(froze,frozen) v gallery n freezing a gallon ngame n glue ngarage n go(went,gone) v garbage n goal ngarden n goat ngarlic n god ngarment n gold n & agas n golden agate n golf ngather v good(better,best) agay a goods ngeneral a & n goose(pl geese) n generation n govern vgenerous a government ngentle a grade ngentleman n gradual ageography n graduate vgeometry n graduation ngesture n grain nget(got,got) v gram ngift n grammar ngifted a grand agiraffe n grandchild ngirl n granddaughter ngive(gave,given) v grandma=grandmother n glad a grandpa=grandfather n glance v grandparents nglare v grandson nglass n granny nglobe n grape nglory n graph nglove n grasp vgrass n hair ngrateful a haircut ngravity n half a & ngreat a & ad hall ngreedy a ham ngreen a & n hamburger n greengrocer n hammer ngreet v hand n & vgreeting n handbag ngrey(Am gray) a handful ngrill n handkerchief ngrocer n handle n & vgrocery n handsome aground n handwriting ngroup n handy agrow(grew,grown) v hang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) v growth n happen vguarantee v happiness nguard n happy aguess v harbour(Am harbor) n guest n hard ad & aguidance n hardly adguide n hardship nguilty a hardworking aguitar n harm n & vgun n harmful agym=gymnasium n harmony ngymnastics n harvest n & vhat nH hatch vhabit n hate v & nhave(has,had,had) v hide(hid,hidden) vhe pron high a & adhead n & v highway nheadache n hill nheadline n him pron headmaster n himself pron headmistress n hire vhealth n his pronhealthy a history nhear(heard,heard) v hit(hit,hit) v & n hearing n hobby nheart n hold(held,held) vheat n hole nheaven n holiday nheavy a holy aheel n home n & adheight n homeland n helicopter n hometown nhello int homework nhelmet n honest ahelp n & v honey nhelpful a honour(Am honor) n & v hen n hook n & vher pron hope n & vherb n hopeful ahere ad hopeless ahero n horrible ahers pron horse nherself pron hospital nhesitate v host n & vhi int hostess nhot a identification n hotdog n identity n hotel n idiom nhour n if conjhouse n ignore v housewife n ill a housework n illegal ahow ad illness n however ad & conj imagine v howl v immediately ad hug v immigration n huge a import v & n human a & n importance n human being n important a humorous a impossible a humour(Am humor) n impress v hunger n impression n hungry a improve v hunt v in prep & ad hunter n inch n hurricane n incident n hurry v include vhurt(hurt,hurt) v income n husband n increase v & n hydrogen n indeed aindependence n I independent a I pron indicate vice n industry nice-cream n influence n & v idea n inform vinformation n interval ninitial a interview n & vinjure v into prepinjury n introduce vink n introduction ninn n invent vinnocent a invention ninsect n invitation ninsert v invite vinside prep & ad iron n & vinsist v irrigation ninspect v is v(be)inspire v island ninstant a it proninstead ad its proninstitute n itself proninstitution ninstruct v Jinstruction n jacket ninstrument n jam ninsurance n jar ninsure v jaw nintelligence n jazz nintend v jeans nintention n jeep ninterest n jet ninteresting a jewellery(Am jewelry) n international a job nInternet n jog vinterpreter n join vinterrupt v joke njournalist n kiss n & vjourney n kitchen njoy n kite njudge n & v knee njudgement knife(pl knives) n (Am judgment) n knock n & vjuice n know(knew,known) v jump n & v knowledge njungle njunior a Ljust a & ad lab=laboratory n justice n labour(Am labor) nlack n & vK lady nkangaroo n lake nkeep(kept,kept) v lamb nkettle n lame akey n lamp nkeyboard n land n & vkick v & n language nkid n lantern nkill v lap nkilo n large akilogram n last a & v kilometre(Am kilometer) n late a & adkind1 n latter nkind2 a laugh n & v kindergarten n laughter n kindness n laundry nking n law nkingdom n lawyer nlay(laid,laid) v lie2(lay,lain) v lazy a life(pl lives) n lead(led,led) v & n lift v & n leader n light n,v & a leaf(pl leaves) n lightning n league n like v & prep leak v likely alearn(learnt,learnt limit v或-ed,-ed) v line n & vleast n link v & n leather n lion nleave(left,left) v lip nlecture n liquid n & aleft a,ad & n list n & vleg n listen vlegal a literature n lemon n & a literary a lemonade n litre(Am liter) n lend(lent,lent) v litter vlength n little(less,least) a lesson n live v & alet(let,let) v lively aletter n load nlevel n loaf n liberation n local aliberty n lock n & v librarian n lonely alibrary n long a & ad license n look n & vlid n loose alie1 n & v lorry nlose(lost,lost) v manage vloss n manager nlot n mankind nloud a manner nlounge n many(more,most) pron & a love n & v map nlovely a maple nlow a & ad marathon nluck n marble nlucky a march n & vluggage n mark n & vlunch n market nlung n marriage nmarry vM mask n & vmachine n mass nmad a master v & nmadam/madame n mat nmagazine n match v & nmagic a material nmaid n mathematicsmail n & v =math/maths nmailbox n matter n & vmain a mature amainland n maximum a & nmajor a may modal vmajority n maybe admake1 n me pronmake2(made,made) v meal nmale a & n mean(meant,meant) v man(pl men) n meaning nmeans n microwave nmeanwhile ad middle nmeasure v midnight nmeat n might modal vmedal n mild amedia n mile nmedical a milk n & vmedicine n millimetremedium n (Am millimeter) nmeet(met,met) v & n millionaire nmeeting n mind n & vmelon n mine1 n & vmember n mine2 pronmemorial n & a mineral nmemory n minibus nmend v minimum amental a minister nmention n & v ministry nmenu n minority nmerchant a & n minus prep & amerciful a minute nmercy n mirror nmerely ad miss1 nmerry a miss2 vmess n missile nmessage n mist nmessy a mistakemetal n & a (mistook,mistaken) v & n method n mistaken ametre(Am meter) n misunderstandmicroscope n (misunderstood,misunderstood) v。
最新2019年高考英语考试大纲(官方版)
2019年高考英语考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5),要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的、事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能:(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能:(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
附录1语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气《小桥流水人家》教学设计教学目标1.认识7个生字,读读记记“婀娜、波纹、干涸、点缀、潮湿等词语。
2019年全国高考英语大纲词汇(精校版)
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语词汇表(精校版)Aa (an) art. 一(个、件……)abandon v. 放弃,抛弃ability n. 能力;才能able a. 能够;有能力的abnormal a. 不正常的aboard prep. 在(或上)船,飞机,火车等abolish v. 废除abortion n. 流产about ad. 大约;到处;四处 prep. 关于;在各处;四处above prep. 在……上面 a. 上面的 ad. 在……之上abroad ad. 到(在)国外abrupt a. 突然的,不连贯的absence n. 不在,缺席absent a. 缺席,不在absolute a. 绝对的absorb v. 吸收abstract a. & n. 抽象(的)absurd a. 荒谬的abundant a. 丰富的abuse v.滥用,虐待academic a. & n. 学校的,学术的academy n. 专科院校accelerate v. 加快accent n. 口音,音调accept vt. 接受access n. & v. 接近,进入accessible a. 可接近的,可使用的accident n. 事故,意外的事accommodation n. 住宿,调节accompany v. 陪伴accomplish v. 完成,实现account n. 账目;描述accountant n. 会计师accumulate v. 积累accuracy n. 精确accuse v.控告accustomed a. 通常的,习惯的ache vi.& n. 痛,疼痛achieve vt. 达到,取得achievement n. 完成,成绩acid a. 酸的acknowledge v. 承认acquaintance n. 泛泛之交acquire v.获得,取得acquisition n. 获得,取得acre n.英亩,土地across prep. 横过,穿过act n. 法令,条例v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏);行动,做事action n. 行动active a. 积极的,主动的activity n. 活动actor n. 男演员actress n. 女演员actual a. 实际的;现实的acute a. 敏锐的,严重的AD n. 公元ad (缩) = advertisement n. 广告adapt v. 使适应adaptation n. 适应addvt.添加,增加addicted a. 上瘾的,有强烈兴趣的addition n. 增加;(算数用语)加address n. 地址adequate a. 足够的adjust v.整理,调整adjustment n. 整理,调整administration n. 执行,管理admirable a. 令人钦佩的admire v. 钦佩;羡慕admission n. 准入,接纳admit vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学,入会)adolescence n. 青春期adolescent a. 青春期的adore v. 崇拜,景仰album n.相册adult n. 成年人alcohol n.酒精advance v. 推进,促进;前进alcoholic a. & n. 酒精的advantage n. 优点;好处algebra n. 代数adventure n. 冒险;奇遇alike ad. 同样地advertise vt. 为……做广告alive a. 活着的,存在的advertisement n. 广告all ad. 全部地 a. 全(部);所有的;总;整 pron. advice n. 忠告,劝告,建议全部;全体人员advise vt. 忠告,劝告,建议allergic a. 过敏的advocate v. 支持,提倡alley n. 胡同affair n.事,事情allocate v. 分配affect vt.影响allow vt. 允许,准许affection n. 喜爱allowance n. 津贴afford vt. 负担得起(……的费用);抽得出(时almost ad. 几乎,差不多间);提供alone a. 单独的,孤独的afraid a. 害怕的;担心along ad. 向前;和……一起;一同 prep. 沿着;Africa n. 非洲顺着African a. 非洲的,非洲人的 n. 非洲人alongside ad. loud ad. 大声地after ad. 在后;后来 prep. 在……之后;在后aloud ad. 大声地面 conj. 在……以后alphabet n. 字母表afternoon n. 下午,午后already ad. 已经afterward(s)ad. 后来also ad. 也again ad. 再一次;再,又alternative a. 选用的against prep. 对着,反对although conj. 虽然,尽管age n. 年龄;时代altitude n. 海拔agency n. 代理altogether ad. 总共agenda n. 日程表aluminium n. 铝 (Am aluminum)agent n. 代理人always ad. 总是;一直;永远aggressive a. 侵略的;咄咄逼人的am v. be 的人称形式之一ago ad. 以前 a.m. /am ,A.M./AM n. 午前,上午agree v. 同意;应允amateur n. 业余爱好者agreement n. 同意,一致;协定,协议amaze v. 惊奇,惊叹;震惊agricultural a. 农业的amazing a. 令人惊异的agriculture n. 农业,农学ambiguous a. 有歧义的ahead ad. 在前,向前ambassador n. 大使aid n. 援助;救护;辅助器具ambassadress n.女大使AIDS n. 艾滋病ambiguous a. 模糊不清的;引起歧义的aim n.目的;目标 v. 计划,打算;瞄准;针对ambition n. 雄心air n.空气;大气ambulance n. 救护车aircraft n. 飞机 (单复数同)America n. 美国;美洲airline n. 航空公司;航空系统among prep. 在……中间;在(三个以上)之间airmail n. 航空邮件amount n. & v. 总计,总数airplane n. (美)飞机ample a. 丰富的;足够的;宽敞的airport n. 航空站,飞机场amuse vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐airspace n.领空amusement n. 娱乐analysis n. 分析ancestor n. 祖宗;祖先anchor v. & n. 锚,抛锚ancient a. 古代的,古老的and conj. 和;又;而anecdote n. 逸事anger n. 怒,愤怒angle n. 角,角度angry a. 生气的,愤怒的animal n. 动物ankle n. 踝关节anniversary n. 周年纪念announce vt. 宣布,宣告annoy vt. (使)烦恼annual a. 每年的;一年的;[植物]一年生的another a. 再一;另一;别的;不同的 pron. 另一个answer n. 回答,答复;回信;答案 v. 回答,答复;回信;(作出)答案ant n. 蚂蚁Antarctic n. a. 南极的 the Antarctic 南极antique n. 古董anxiety n. 焦虑anxious a. 忧虑的,焦急的any pron. (无论)哪一个;哪些任何的;(用于疑问句、否定句)一些;什么anybody pron. 任何人,无论谁anyhow ad. 不管怎样anyone pron. 任何人,无论谁anything pron. 什么事(物);任何事(物)anyway ad. 不管怎样anywhere ad. 任何地方apart ad. & a. 分离apartment n. (美)楼中单元房,一套房间;房间apologize vi. 道歉,谢罪apology n. 道歉;歉意apparent a. 明显的appeal v.& n. 呼吁,恳求, 诉诸,求助, 有吸引力,迎合爱好appear vi. 出现appearance n. 出现,露面;容貌appendix n. 附录 appetite n. 食欲applaud v. & n. 鼓掌欢迎applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请apply v. 申请appoint v. 挑选,委派appointment n. 约会appreciate v. 欣赏;感激appreciation n. 欣赏,感激approach n. & v. 接近,方法appropriate a. 适当的approval n. 认可,同意approve v. 认可,同意approximately ad. 大约apron n. 围裙arbitrary a. 任意的,霸道的arch n.拱形architect n. 建筑师architecture n. 建筑学Arctic a. 北极的are v. (be) (用于第二人称单复数现在时,第一、三人称复数现在时)是[L]area n. 面积;地域,地方,区域;范围,领域argue vi. 争辩,争论argument n. 争论,辩论arise (arose, arisen)vi. 起来,升起;出现arithmetic.算术arm n. 臂, 支架arm v. 以……装备,武装起来 n. (美)武器,武力armchair n. 扶手椅army n. 军队around ad. 在周围;在附近 prep. 在……周围;大约arrange v. 安排,布置arrangementn. 安排,布置arrest v. 逮捕;拘留arrival n. 到来,到达arrive vi. 到达;达到arrow n. 箭;箭头artn. 艺术,美术;技艺article n. 文章;东西,物品;冠词artificial a. 人工的,人造的artist n.艺术家as ad.& conj.像…… 一样;如同;因为prep. 作为,当做ash n. 灰;灰末Asia n. 亚洲Asian a. 亚洲的,亚洲人的 n. 亚洲人aside ad. 在旁边ask v. 问,询问;请求,要求;邀请asleep a. 睡着的,熟睡aspect n. 方面,方向assessment n. 评定assist v. 援助assistance n. 援助assistant n. 助手,助理associate v. 联系,打交道association n. 联系,社团assume v. 假设;承担assumption n. 假定,假装,承担astonish vt. 使惊讶astronaut n. 宇航员astronomer n. 天文学家astronomy n. 天文学at prep. 在(几点钟);在(某处)athlete n. 运动员athletic a. 运动的,体育的;运动员的,体育家的Atlantic a. n. 大西洋的 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋atmosphere n. 大气;气氛atom n. 原子,微粒attach v. 联系attack vt. & n. 攻击,袭击attain v. 获得,达到attempt vt. 试图,尝试attend v. 看护,照料,服侍;出席,参加attention n. 注意,关心attentively ad. 注意地attitude n. 态度,看法attract v. 吸引,引起attraction n. 吸引力attractive a. 迷人的,有吸引力的audience n. 观众,听众August n. 8 月aunt n. 伯母;舅母;婶;姑;姨authentic a. 真正的author n. 作者,作家authority n. 权威,官方automatic a . 自动的autonomous a. 自主的,自治的autumn n. 秋天,秋季 available a.可用的 avenue n. 大道average a. 平均的;普通的 n. 平均数avoid v. 避免,躲开,逃避awake (awoke, awoken) v. a. 唤醒醒着的award n. 奖品,奖励aware a. 明白的,意识到的away ad. 离开;远离 awesome a.使人敬畏的 awful a. 可怕的,糟透的 awkward a. 不灵活的,难堪的Bbaby n. 婴儿bachelor n. 未婚男子,学士back ad. 回(原处);向后a. 后面的n. 背后,后部;背backache n. 背痛background n. 背景backward(s) ad. 向后bacon n. 咸猪肉;熏猪肉bacterium (复bacteria)n. 细菌bad (比较级worse, 最高级 worst) a. 坏的;有害的,不利的;严重的badminton n. 羽毛球bagn. 书包;提包;袋子baggage n. 行李bakery n. 面包店balance n. 平衡balcony n. 阳台;楼座ball n. 球舞会ballet n. 芭蕾舞balloon n. 气球bamboo n. 竹ban n. 禁令 v. 禁止;取缔banana n. 香蕉band n. 乐团,乐队;管乐队bandage n. 绷带bank n. (河、海、湖的)岸,堤银行barn. 条;(长方)块,棒,横木(酒店的)买酒柜台;酒吧;(卖东西的)柜台barbecue n. 烤肉野餐barber n. (为男人理发的)理发师barbershop n. 理发店bare a.裸露的bargain n. (经讨价还价之后)成交的商品;廉价货 v. 讨价还价bark v. 狗叫 n. 狗叫声barrier n. 妨碍base n. 根据地,基地;(棒球)垒baseball n. 棒球basement n. 地下室basic a. 基本的basin n. 水盆,脸盆basis n.基础,根据;准则basket n. 篮子basketball n. 篮球bat n. (棒球、板球的)球棒bat n. 蝙蝠bath n. 洗澡;浴室;澡盆bathe vi. 洗澡;游泳bathrobe n. 浴衣bathroom n. 浴室,盥洗室bathtub n. 澡盆battery n. 电池battle n. 战斗;战役bay n. 湾;海湾BC n. 公元前be v. 是(原形),其人称和时态形式有am, is, are, was, were, being, been;成为beach n. 海滨,海滩beam n. 平衡木bean n. 豆,豆科植物bean curd n. 豆腐bear v. 承受,负担,承担;忍受;容忍bear n. 熊beard n. (下巴上的)胡须beast n. 野兽;牲畜beat (beat, beaten)v. 敲打;跳动;打赢 n. (音乐)节拍beautiful a. 美的,美丽的,美观的beauty n. 美丽,美人because conj. 因为become (became, be come) v. 变得;成为bed n. 床beddings n. 铺盖bedroom n. 寝室,卧室bee n.. 蜜蜂beef n. 牛肉beer n. 啤酒before prep. 在……以前;在……前面 ad. 以前conj. 在……之前beg v. 请求,乞求,乞讨begin(began, begun) v. 开始,着手beginning n. 开始,开端behalf n. 代表behave v. 守规矩,行为behaviour n. 行为,举止behind prep. (表示位置)在……后面 ad. 在后面;向后being n. 物;生物;人belief n. 信条,信念believe v. 相信,认为bell n. 钟,铃;钟(铃)声;钟形物belly n. 肚子belong vi. 属,附属below prep. 在……下面belt n. (皮)带bench n. 长凳;工作台bend (bent, bent) vt. 使弯曲beneath prep. 在……下方(面)beneficial a. 有益的benefit n. & v. 利益;使受益bent a.& n. 弯的beside prep. 在……旁边;靠近besides prep. 除……以外(还有) ad. 还有,此外betray v. 背叛between prep. 在(两者)之间;在……中间beyond prep. (表示位置) 在……的那边bicycle n. 自行车bid v. & n.出价,投标big a. 大的bike = bicycle n. 自行车bill n.账单;法案,议案;(美)钞票,纸币bingo n. 宾戈biochemistry n. 生物化学biography n. 传记biology n. 生物(学)bird n. 鸟birdcage n. 鸟笼birth n.出生;诞生birthday n. 生日birthplace n. 出生地;故乡biscuit n. 饼干bishop n. (天主教及英国国教等的)主教bit n. 一点,一些,少量的bite (bit, bitten) v. 咬;叮bitter a. 有苦味的;痛苦的,难过的;严酷的black n.黑色 a. 黑色的blackboard n. 黑板blame n.& v. 责备;责怪blank n.& a. 空格,空白(处);空的;茫然无表情的blanket n. 毛毯,毯子bleed vi. 出血,流血bless vt. 保佑,降福blind a. 瞎的block n. 大块;(木、石等)块;街区;路障 vt.阻塞;阻挡blood n. 血,血液blouse n. 宽罩衫;(妇女、儿童穿的)短上衣blow n. 击;打击blow (blew, blown) v. 吹;刮风;吹气blue n. 蓝色 a.蓝色的 blue a. 悲伤的;沮丧的board n. 木板;布告牌;委员会;(政府的)部 v.上(船、火车、飞机)boat n. 小船,小舟body n. 身体boil v. 沸腾;烧开;煮……bomb n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸bond n. & v. 接合;合同,联系bone n. 骨头,骨质(复数bones骨骼;骨骸)bonus n. 奖金book n. 书;本子v. 预定(房间、车票等)boom n. & v. 繁荣,迅速发展boot n. 长统靴;靴booth n. 岗;(为某种用途而设的)亭或小隔间border n. 边缘;边境,国界bored a. 厌烦的boring a. 乏味的,无聊的born a. 出生borrow v. (向别人)借用;借boss n. 领班;老板botanical a. 植物学的botany n. 植物;植物学both a. 两;双 pron. 两者;双方bother v. 麻烦bottle n. 瓶子bottom n. 底部;底bounce n. 弹跳bound a. 被束缚的;被绑的;有义务的 bound v.& n. 跳跃boundary n. 界限bow v.& n. 鞠躬,弯腰行礼bowl n. 碗bowling n. 保龄球box n.盒子,箱子boxing n. 拳击(运动)boy n. 男孩boycott v. 抵制brain n. 脑(子)brake n. 闸 vi. 刹车branch n. 树枝;分枝;分公司,分店;支部brand n. 商标brave a. 勇敢的bravery n. 勇气bread n. 面包break n. 间隙break (broke, broken)v. 打破(断,碎);损坏,撕开breakfast n. 早餐breakthrough n. 突破breast n. 胸部breath n. 气息;呼吸breathe vi. 呼吸breathless a. 气喘吁吁的brewery n. 啤酒厂brick n. 砖;砖块bride n. 新娘bridegroom n. 新郎bridge n. 桥brief a. 简洁的bright a. 明亮的;聪明的brilliant a. 光辉的;明亮的;色彩艳丽的bring (brought, brought) vt. 拿来,带来,取来broad a. 宽的,宽大的broadcast n. 广播节目broadcast(broadcast, broadcast或ed, ed)vt.广播brochure n. 小册子broken a. 弄坏了的broom n. 扫帚brother n. 兄;弟brown n. 褐色,棕色 a. 褐色的,棕色的brunch n. 早午饭(晚早饭)brush v. 刷;擦 n. 刷子bucket n. 铲斗;桶Buddhism n. 佛教budget n. 预算buffet n. 自助餐build (built, built) v. 建筑;造building n. 建筑物;房屋;大楼bunch n. 束,卷,串bungalow n. 平房burden n.负担bureaucratic a. 官僚的burglar n. 窃贼burial n. 埋葬burn (ed, ed或 burnt, burnt) v. 燃,烧,着火;使烧焦;使晒黑 n. 烧伤;晒伤burst v. 突然发生;突然发作bury vt. 埋;葬busn. 公共汽车bus stop n. 公共汽车站bush n. 灌木丛,矮树丛business n. (本分)工作,职业;职责;生意,交易;事业businessman n. 商人(男);男企业家( pl businessmen)businesswoman n. 商人(女);女企业家( pl businesswomen)busy a. 忙(碌)的but conj. 但是,可是; prep. 除了,除……外butcher n. vt. 肉店;屠夫屠宰(动物);残杀(人)butter n. 黄油,奶油butterfly n. 蝴蝶button n. 纽扣;(电铃等的)按钮 v. 扣(纽扣)buy(bought, bought) vt. 买by prep. 靠近,在……旁;在……时间;不迟于;被;用;由;乘(车)bye int. 再见Ccab n. (美)出租车cabbage n. 卷心菜,洋白菜cafén. 咖啡馆;餐馆cafeteria n. 自助餐厅cage n 笼;鸟笼cake n. 蛋糕,糕点;饼calculate v. 计算call n. 喊,叫;电话,通话 v. 称呼;呼唤;喊,叫calm a. 镇静的;沉着的 v. 镇静;沉着camel n. 骆驼camera n. 照相机;摄像机camp n. (夏令)营 vi. 野营;宿营campaign n. 社会运动can(could) can’t = can notmodal v. 可能;能够;可以不能can n.(美)罐头;罐子canal n. 运河;水道cancel vt. 取消cancer n. 癌candidate n. 候选人candle n. 蜡烛candy n. 糖果canteen n. 餐厅;食堂cap n.(无檐的或仅在前面有檐的)帽子;(瓶子的)盖;(钢笔等的)笔套capital n. 首都,省会;大写;资本capsule n. 胶囊captain n.(海军)上校;船长,舰长;队长 caption n. 标题,字幕car n. 汽车,小卧车carbon n. 碳card n.卡片;名片;纸牌card games纸牌游戏care n. 照料,保护;小心v. 介意……,在乎;关心careful a. 小心的,仔细的,谨慎的careless a. 粗心的,漫不经心的carpenter n. 木匠carpet n. 地毯carriage n. 四轮马车;(火车)客车厢carrier n. 搬运者;媒介;(自行车等的)置物架;(车的)货架carrot n.胡萝卜carry vt. 拿,搬,带,提,抬,背,抱,运等cartoon n. 动画片,卡通;漫画carve vt.刻;雕刻case n. 情况;病例;案件;真相,箱;盒;容器cash n. 现金,现钞 v. 兑现cassette n. 磁带cast (cast, cast) v. 扔,抛,撒castle n. 城堡casual a.偶然的,不经意的cat n. 猫catalog(ue)n. 目录catastrophe n. 大灾难catch(caught, caught)v. 接住;捉住;赶上;染上(疾病)category n. 类别cater v. 提供餐饮,满足需要catholic a. 包罗万象的Catholic n.教堂(天主教)cattle n. 牛(总称),家畜cause n. 原因,起因 vt. 促使,引起,使发生caution n. 谨慎cautious a. 谨慎的cave n. 洞,穴;地窖CD 光盘(compact disk的缩写)ceiling n. 天花板,顶棚celebrate v. 庆祝celebration n. 庆祝;庆祝会cell n.(监狱的)单人牢房;(修道院等的)单人小室;(蜂巢的)小蜂窝,蜂房;[生物]细胞cent n.美分(100 cents = 1 dollar)centigrade a. 摄氏的centimetre (美 centimeter) n. 公分,厘米central a. 中心的,中央的;主要的centre (美 center ) n. 中心,中央century n. 世纪,百年ceremoney n. 仪式certain a. (未指明真实名称的)某……;确定的,无疑的;一定会……certainly ad. 当然,是的;一定,无疑certificate n. 证明,证明书 chain n. 链;链条chain store(s)连锁店chair n. 椅子chairman n. 主席,会长;议长chairwoman n. 女主席, 女会长;女议长chalk n. 粉笔challenge n.挑战(性)challenging a.具有挑战性的champion n. 冠军,优胜者chance n. 机会,可能性change n. 零钱;找头v.改变,变化;更换;兑换changeable a.易变的,变化无常的channel n.频道;通道;水渠chant v. & n. 圣歌,歌唱chaos n. 混乱chapter n. 章character n. (汉)字,字体;品格characteristic a. 特别的charge v. 要求收费;索价;将(电池)充电 n. 费用;价钱chart n. 图表;航海图chat n. & vi.聊天,闲谈cheap a. 便宜的,贱cheat n. & v. 骗取,哄骗;作弊check n. 检查;批改 vt. 校对,核对;检查;批改cheek n. 面颊,脸蛋cheer n. & vi.欢呼;喝彩cheerful a.兴高采烈的,快活的cheers int. 干杯,(英口语)谢谢,再见cheese n. 奶酪chef n. 厨师chemical a. 化学的 n. 化学品chemist n. 药剂师;化学家chemistry n. 化学cheque (美check)n. 支票chess n. 棋chest n. 箱子;盒子;胸部chew vt. 咀嚼chick n. 小鸡chicken n. 鸡;鸡肉chief a. 主要的;首要的 n. 领导,头child (复children)n. 孩子,儿童chocolate n. 巧克力clinic n. 诊所choice n. 选择;抉择clock n. 钟choir n. 合唱班clone n.克隆(无性繁殖出来的有机体群)choke n. & v. 窒息close a. 亲密的;近,靠近 ad. 近,靠近 closevt. choose (chose, chosen) vt. 选择关,关闭chopsticks n. 筷子cloth n. 布chorus n.合唱团clothes n. 衣服;各种衣物Christian n. 基督教徒和天主教徒的总称clothing n. (总称) 衣服Christmas n. 圣诞节(12月25日)cloud n. 云;云状物;阴影Christmas card 圣诞卡cloudy a. 多云的,阴天的Christmas tree圣诞树club n. 俱乐部;纸牌中的梅花Christmas Eve圣诞(前)夜clumsy a. 笨拙的church n. 教堂;教会coach n. 教练;马车;长途车cigar n. 雪茄烟coal n. 煤;煤块cigarette n. 纸烟,香烟coast n. 海岸;海滨cinema n. 电影院;电影coat n. 外套;涂层;表皮;皮毛 vt. 给……穿外circle n.vt. 圆圈将……圈起来套;涂上circuit n. 圈电路cock n. 公鸡circulate v. 循环,流通cocoa n . 可可粉circumstance n. 环境coffee n. 咖啡circus n. 马戏团coin n. 硬币citizen n. 公民;居民coincidence n. 巧合city n. 市,城市,都市coke n. 可口可乐civil a. 国内的;平民(非军人)的;民用的cold a. 冷的,寒的 n. 寒冷;感冒,伤风civilian n. 平民collar n. 衣领;硬领civilization n. 文明colleague n. 同事clap vi. 拍手;鼓掌collect vt. 收集,搜集clarify v. 澄清collection n. 收藏品,收集物class n. (学校里的)班;年级;课college n. 学院;专科学校classic a. 经典的collision n. 碰撞;相撞; (意见、利益等的)冲突,抵触classify v. 分类colour (美color) n. 颜色 vt. 给……着色,涂色classmate n. 同班同学comb n. 梳子 v. 梳classroom n. 教室combine vt. 使联合;使结合claw n. 爪come (came, come) vi. 来,来到clay n. 黏土comedy n. 喜剧clean vt. 擦干净 a. 清洁的,干净的comfort n. 安慰;慰问cleaner n. 清洁工;清洁器;清洁剂comfortable a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的clear a. 清晰的;明亮的;清楚的command n. & v. 命令clearly ad. 清楚地,无疑地comment n. 评论clerk n. 书记员;办事员;职员commercial a. 商业的;商务的clever a. 聪明的,伶俐的commit v. 犯(罪),做(错事等)click v. 点击(计算机用语)commitment n. 承诺climate n. 气候committee n. 委员会climb v. 爬,攀登common a. 普通的,一般的;共有的communicate v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等)v. 交流communication n. 交际;交往;通讯communism n. 共产主义communist n. 共产主义者 a. 共产党的;共产主义的companion n. 同伴;同事company n. 公司compare vt. 比较,对照compass n. 指南针compensate v. 补偿compete vi. 比赛,竞赛competence n. 能力 competition n.比赛,竞赛 complete a. 完成的 vt.完成,结束complex a. & n. 复杂的component n. 成分 composition n.作文;作曲 comprehension n. 理解 compromise v. 妥协,谅解compulsory 有义务的 computern. 电子计算机 concentrate v. 集中,全神贯注 concept n. 概念concern v.& n. 涉及,关系到;影响到; 关心的事,重要的事[C]concert n. 音乐会;演奏会conclude v. 完成,结束conclusion n. 结论;结束concrete a. 有形的,实在的;具象的;具体的; 混凝土的condemn v. 谴责condition n. 条件,状况conduct vt. 引导,带领conductor n. 管理人;指导者;(车上的)售票员,列车员;乐队指挥conference n. (正式的)会议;讨论confident a. 自信的 confidential a. 机密的confirm v. 证实;确定; 批准,确认conflict n. 冲突,抵触,不一致,分歧confuse v. 把...弄糊涂,使困惑congratulate vt. 祝贺congratulation n. 祝贺,庆贺connect vt. 连接,把……联系起来connection. n. 连接物;接触,联系conscience n. 良心 consensus n. 共同看法consequence n. 后果conservation n(自然资源的)保护,管理conservative a. n. 保守的,守旧的;保守主义的;谨慎的保守的人,保守主义consider vt. 考虑considerate a. 体贴的consideration n. 考虑;关心consist v. 包含,组成,构成consistent a. 一致的constant a. 经常的,不断的constitution n. 宪法construct v. 构筑;建造,建设construction n. 建造,建设;建筑物consult v.查阅,咨询consultant n. 顾问consume v. 消耗contain v. 包含;包括;能容纳container n. 容器contemporary a. 当代的content a. 甘愿的,满意的content n. 内容continent n. 大陆,大洲;陆地continue vi. 继续contradict v. 驳斥,相矛盾contradictory a. 互相矛盾的contrary n.& a. 相反 ; 相反的contribute v. 贡献contribution n. 贡献control vt.& n. 控制controversial a. 引起争论的convenience n. 便利convenient a. 便利的,方便的convertional a. 约定俗成的conversation n. 谈话,交谈convey v. 运载,表达convince v. 使确信cook n. 炊事员,厨师 v. 烹调,做饭cooker n. 炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等)cookie n. 小甜饼cool a.凉的,凉爽的;酷copy n. 抄本,副本;一本(份,册……) v. 抄写;复印;(计算机用语)拷(备份盘)corn n. 玉米,谷物corner n. 角;角落;拐角corporation n. 公司correct v. 改正;纠正 a. 正确的,对的;恰当的correction n. 改正correspond vi. 一致;与……相当;(与人)通信,有书信往来corrupt a. & v. 堕落,贿赂cost n. 价格cost (cost, cost) v . 值(多少钱);花费 cosy a. 舒适的cottage n. (郊外的)小屋,村舍;别墅cotton n. 棉花 a. 棉花的 cough n.& vi.咳嗽could modal v.(can的过去式)可以……;(表示许可或请求)可以……,行count vt. 数,点数counter n. 柜台,结账处country n. 国家;农村,乡下countryside n. 乡下,农村couple n. 夫妇,一对courage n. 勇气;胆略course n. 过程;经过;课程court n. 法庭;法院courtyard n. 庭院,院子cousin n. 堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹cover n. 盖子;罩 v. 覆盖,遮盖;掩盖cow n. 母牛,奶牛cowboy n. (美国)牛仔;牧场骑士crash v. & n. 猛撞crayon n.蜡笔;蜡笔画crazy a. 疯狂的cream n. 奶油,乳脂create vt. 创造;造成creature n. 生物credit n. 信用;信赖;信誉crew n. 全体船员crime n. (法律上的)罪,犯罪criminal n. 罪犯criterion (复数 criteria) n. 标准crop n. 庄稼;收成cross a. 脾气不好的,易怒的cross n. 十字形的东西 vt. 越过;穿过crossing n. 十字路口,人行横道crossroads n. 交叉路口crowd n. 人群 vt. 拥挤,群聚cruel a. 残忍的,残酷的;无情的cry n. 叫喊;哭声 v. 喊叫;哭cube n. 立方体cubic a. 立方体的,立方形的cuisine n. 烹饪culture n. 文化cup n. 茶杯cupboard n. 碗柜;橱柜cure n. & vt. 治疗;医好curious a. 好奇的;奇异的currency n. 货币;现金curriculum n. 课程curtain n. 窗帘cushion n. 垫子custom n. 习惯,习俗,风俗习惯customer n. (商店等的)顾客,主顾customs n. 海关,关税cut (cut, cut) v. n. 切,剪,削,割伤口cycle vi. 骑自行车cyclist n. 骑自行车的人Ddad = daddy n. (口语)爸爸,爹爹daily a. 每日的;日常的 ad. 每天 n. 日报dam n. 水坝,堰堤damage n.& vt. 毁坏,损害damp a. & n. 潮湿(的)dance n.& vi. 跳舞danger n. 危险dangerous a. 危险的dare v.& aux.(后接不带to的不定式;主要用于疑问,否定或条件句)敢,敢于dark n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮 a. 黑暗的;暗淡的;深色的darkness n. 黑暗,阴暗dash v. & n. 快跑,冲刺,短跑data n. 资料,数据 databasen. 资料库,数据库 date n. &v.日期;约会daughter n. 女儿dawn n. 黎明,拂晓day n. (一)天,(一)日;白天daylight n. 日光,白昼;黎明dead a.死的;无生命的deadline n.最后期限,截止日期deaf a. 聋的deal n. 量,数额;交易dear int. (表示惊愕等)哎呀!唷!dear a. 亲爱的;贵的death n. 死debate n. & v. 讨论,辩论debt n.债务;欠款decade n. 十年decide v. 决定;下决心decision n. 决定;决心declare vt. 声明;断言decline v. 谢绝,减弱decorate vt.装饰……,修饰……decoration n.装饰,修饰decrease v. 减;减少,减小deed n. 行为;事迹deep a. 深 ad. 深;深厚deer n. 鹿defeat vt. 击败;战胜defence (美defense) n. & v. 防御;防务defend vt. 防守;保卫degree n. 程度;度数;学位delay v.& n. 拖延,延误,延迟,延期;耽搁delete v. 删去deliberately ad. 蓄意地,审慎地delicate a. 娇嫩的,精巧的,易碎的,脆弱的delicious a. 美味的,可口的delight n. 快乐;乐事delighted a. 高兴的,快乐的deliver vt. 投递(信件,邮包等)demand vt. 要求dentist n. 牙科医生department (缩Dept.) n. 部门;(机关的)司,处;(大学的)系departure n. 离开,启程depend vi. 依靠,依赖,指望;取决于deposit v. & n. 存款; 把(钱)储存,存放(银行等);堆积;沉淀; 使沉淀;使沉积depth n. 深,深度describe vt. 描写,叙述description n. 描述,描写desert n. 沙漠 desert vt. 舍弃;遗弃deserve v. 应得,值得design n.& vt. 设计,策划图案,图样,样式desire vt. & n. 要求;期望desk n. 书桌,写字台desperate a. 绝望的dessert n. 甜点destination n. 目的地destroy vt. 破坏,毁坏detective n. 侦探determine vt. 决定;决心determination n. 决心develop v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发 vt. 冲洗(照片)development n. 发展,发达,发育,开发devote vt. 把……奉献;把……专用(于)devotion n. 奉献,奉献精神diagram n. 图表,图样dial vt. 拨(电话号码)dialogue (美 dialog)n. 对话diamond n. 钻石,金刚石;纸牌中的方块diary n. 日记;日记簿dictation n. 听写dictionary n. 词典,字典die v. 死diet n. 饮食differ v. 相异,有区别difference n. 不同different a. 不同的,有差异的difficult a. 难的;艰难的;不易相处的difficulty n. 困难,费力dig (dug, dug)v. 挖(洞、沟等);掘digest v. 消化;领会digital a. 数字的,数码的dignity n. 尊严,庄严dilemma n. 困境dimension n. (长、宽、厚、高等的)尺寸; 重要性;范围[dinner n. 正餐,宴会dinosaur n. 恐龙dioxide n. 二氧化物dip vt. 浸,蘸;把……放入又取出diploma n. 毕业文凭;学位证书direct a. &. vt. 直接的;直达的;直截了当的指挥;指导;监督;管理;指挥(演奏);导演(电影)direction n. 方向;方位director n. 所长,处长,主任;董事;导演directory n. 姓名地址录dirty a. 脏的disability n. 残疾;无能disabled a. 残废的,残疾的disadvantage n. 不利条件;弱点disagree vi.意见不一致,持不同意见disagreement n. 意见不一致;相违;争论disappear vi. 消失disappoint vt. 使失望disappointed a. 失望的disaster n. 灾难;祸患discount n. 折扣discourage vt. (使)气馁;打消(做……的念头)discover vt. 发现discovery n. 发现discrimination n. 歧视discuss vt. 讨论,议论discussion n. 讨论,辩论disease n. 病,疾病disgusting a. 令人恶心的dish n.盘,碟;盘装菜;盘形物disk =disc n. 磁盘dislike vt. 不喜爱;厌恶dismiss vt. 让……离开;遣散;解散;解雇distance n. 距离distant a. 远的,遥远的distinction n. 差别,对比distinguish v. 辨别distribute v. 分发district n. 区;地区;区域disturb vt. 扰乱;打扰distrubing a. 扰人的dive vi. 跳水diverse a. 多种多样的divide vt. 分,划分division n. (算术用语)除divorce v. 离婚dizzy a. 头眩目晕的do (did, done)v. & aux.做,干(用以构成疑问句及否定句。
【英语】普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲正式公布普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲是高考命题的规范性文件和标准。
根据高考内容改革要求修订考试大纲,是保证考试科学公平、促进素质教育发展的一项重要工作。
现将2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲予以公布。
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5),要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能:(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能:(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法;(2)做到语音、语调自然;(3)做到语言运用得体;(4)使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29) 意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡 (Indifference)(34) 判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions)(35) 高兴 (Happiness)(36) 惊奇 (Surprise)(37) 忧虑 (Worries)(38) 安慰 (Reassurance)(39) 满意 (Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾 (Regret)(41) 同情 (Sympathy)(42) 恐惧 (Fear)(43) 愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45) 时段 (Duration)(46) 频度 (Frequency)(47) 时序 (Sequence)5. 空间 (Space)(48) 位置 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6. 存在 (Existence)(51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征 (Features)(52) 形状 (Shape)(53) 颜色 (Colour)(54) 材料 (Material)(55) 价格 (Price)(56) 规格 (Size)(57) 年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数量 (Number)9. 比较 (Comparison)(62) 同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66) 目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)10附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)5. 学校生活 (School life)6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情 (Emotions)8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物 (Shopping)12. 饮食 (Food and drink)13. 健康 (Health)14. 天气 (Weather)15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17. 语言学习 (Language learning)18. 自然 (Nature)19. 世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)22. 历史与地理 (History and geography)23. 社会 (Society)24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a & adabroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute a absorb v abstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept v access n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate aaccuse v accustomed aache v & nachieve v achievement nacid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement nadapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure nadvertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent naggressive aagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n & v album nalcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra nalike adall ad,a & pron allergic aalley nallocate v allow v allowance n almost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already adalso ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous aambition n ambulance nAmerica namong prepamount n & vample aamuse vamusement nanalyse vanalysis nancestor nanchor v & nancient aand conjanecdote nanger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual aanother a & pron answer n & vant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pronanyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & vappropriate a approval napprove v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement narrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial a artist nas ad,conj & prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & naside adask vasleep aaspect nassess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant nassociate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom nattach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend v attention n attitude n attract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbachelor nback ad,a & n background nbackward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbar n barbecue n barber n barbershop n bare a bargain n & v bark v & n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic abasin nbasis n basket n basketball n bat nbath nbathe v bathroom n bathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prepbeneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prep besides prep & ad betray vbetween prep beyond prep bicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & v boom n & v boot nbooth n border n bored a boring aborn aborrow vboss n botanical a botany nboth a & pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) v building nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & vcampaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy n canteen n cap n capital n capsule n captain n caption n car n carbon n card ncare n & v careful a careless a carpenter n carpet n carriage n carrier n carrot n carry v cartoon n carve v case ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate vcelebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable achannel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate vcircumstance n circus n citizen ncity ncivil acivilian n civilization n clap vclarify v class nclassic a classify v classmate n classroom n claw nclay nclean v & a cleaner n clear aclerk nclever aclick vclimb vclinic n clock nclone vclose a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy aclub n clumsy a coach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa n coffee ncoin n coincidence n coke ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfort ncomfortable a command n & v comment ncommercial acommit vcommitment n committee ncommon acommunicate vcommunication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & nconcert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation nconservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory acontrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince vcook n & v cooker ncookie ncool acopy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond vcorrupt a & v cost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count vcounter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourt n courtyard n cousin ncover n & v cow ncrash v & n crayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & vcrossing ncrossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & v。
2019高考全国卷英语考试大纲word版
2019高考全国卷英语考试大纲word版The 2019 nal College XXX (Word n)Assessment Objectives and RequirementsI。
Language KnowledgeCandidates are required to master and apply basic knowledge of English ics。
vocabulary。
grammar。
as well as nal ideas and topics learned (see Appendices 1-5)。
The vocabulary requirement is around 3,500 words.II。
Language Use1.ListeningXXX:1) Understand the main idea;2) Obtain specific factual n;3) XXX;4) Understand the speaker's intent。
viewpoint。
and attitude.2.ReadingCandidates are required to read short passages on general topics from books。
newspapers。
magazines。
as well as notices。
ns。
and advertisements。
XXX n。
They should be able to:1) Understand the main idea;2) Understand specific n in the text;3) XXX;4) Make judgments and inferences;5) Understand the basic structure of the text;6) Understand the author's intent。
2019年高考英语大纲(教育部考试中心)
1英语考核目标与要求一、一、语语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1 至附录5),要求词汇量为3500 左右。
二、二、语语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取具体的事实性信息;(3)对所听内容做出推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能:(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能:(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法; (2)做到语音、语调自然; (3)做到语言运用得体; (4)使用有效的交际策略。
语音项目表附录1语音项目表1. 基本读音 (1)26 个字母的读音 (2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音 (3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音 (4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音 (6)辅音字母组合的读音 (7)辅音连缀的读音 (8)成节音的读音 2. 重音 (1)单词重音 (2)句子重音 3. 读音的变化 (1)连读 (2)失去爆破 (3)弱读 (4)同化 4. 语调与节奏 (1)意群与停顿 (2)语调 (3)节奏 5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用 6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧 7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异 语法项目表附录2语法项目表1. 名词 (1)可数名词及其单复数 (2)不可数名词 (3)专有名词 (4)名词所有格 2. 代词 (1)人称代词 (2)物主代词 (3)反身代词 (4)指示代词 (5)不定代词 (6)疑问代词 3. 数词 (1)基数词 (2)序数词 4.介词和介词短语 5.连词 6.形容词(比较级和最高级) 7.副词(比较级和最高级) 8.冠词 9.动词 (1)动词的基本形式 (2)系动词 (3)及物动词和不及物动词 (4)助动词 (5)情态动词 10. 时态 (1)一般现在时 (2)一般过去时 (3)一般将来时 (4)现在进行时 (5)过去进行时 (6)过去将来时 (7)将来进行时 (8)现在完成时 (9)过去完成时 (10)现在完成进行时 11.被动语态 12.非谓语动词 (1)动词不定式 (2)动词的-ing 形式 (3)动词的-ed 形式 13. 构词法 (1)合成法 (2)派生法 (3)转化法 (4)缩写和简写 14. 句子种类 (1)陈述句 (2)疑问句 (3)祈使句 (4)感叹句 15. 句子成分 (1)主语 (2)谓语 (3)表语 (4)宾语 (5)定语 (6)状语 (7)补语 16.简单句的基本句型 17.主谓一致 18.并列复合句 19.主从复合句 (1)宾语从句 (2)状语从句 (3)定语从句 (4)主语从句 (5)表语从句 20.间接引语 21.省略 22.倒装 23.强调 24.虚拟语气 附录3功能意念项目表功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications) (1)问候 (Greetings) (2)介绍 (Introduction) (3)告别 (Farewells ) (4) 感谢 (Thanks ) (5)道歉 (Apologies) (6)邀请 (Invitation) (7)请求允许 (Asking for permission) (8)祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations) (9)提供帮助 (Offering help) (10)接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal) (11)约会 (Making appointments) (12)打电话 (Making telephone calls) (13)就餐 (Having meals) (14)就医 (Seeing the doctor) (15)购物 (Shopping) (16)问路 (Asking the way) (17)谈论天气 (Talking about weather) (18)语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication) (19)提醒注意 (Reminding) (20)警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition) (21)劝告 (Advice) (22)建议 (Suggestions) 2. 态度 (Attitudes) (23)同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement) (24)喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes) (25)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty) (26)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility) (27)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability) (28)偏爱和优先选择 (Preference) (29)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans) (30)希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes) (31)表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement) (32)责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint) (33)冷淡 (Indifference) (34)判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation) 3. 情感 (Emotions) (35)高兴 (Happiness) (36)惊奇 (Surprise) (37)忧虑 (Worries) (38)安慰 (Reassurance) (39)满意 (Satisfaction) (40)遗憾 (Regret) (41)同情 (Sympathy) (42)恐惧 (Fear) (43)愤怒 (Anger) 4. 时间 (Time) (44)时刻 (Point of time) (45)时段 (Duration) (46)频度 (Frequency) (47)时序 (Sequence) 5. 空间 (Space) (48)位置 (Position) (49)方向 (Direction) (50)距离 (Distance) 6. 存在 (Existence) (51) 存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features) (52)形状 (Shape) (53)颜色 (Colour) (54)材料 (Material) (55)价格 (Price) (56)规格 (Size) 8. 计量 (Measurement) (58)长度 (Length) (59)宽度 (Width) (60)高度 (Height) (61)数量 (Number) 9. 比较 (Comparison) (62)同级比较 (Equal comparison) (63)差别比较 (Comparative and superlative) (64)相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations) (65)原因和结果 (Cause and effect) (66)目的 (Purpose) 11. 职业 (Occupations) (67)工作 (Jobs) (68)单位 (Employer) 话题项目表附录4话题项目表1.个人情况 (Personal information) 2.家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around) 3.周围的环境 (Personal environments) 4.日常活动 (Daily routines) 5.学校生活 (School life) 6.兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies) 7.个人感情 (Emotions) 8.人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships) 9.计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions) 10.节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations) 11.购物 (Shopping) 12.饮食 (Food and drink) 13.健康 (Health) 15.文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports) 16.旅游和交通 (Travel and transport) 17.语言学习 (Language learning) 18.自然 (Nature) 19.世界与环境 (The world and the environment) 20.科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology) 21.热点话题 (Topical issues) 22.历史与地理 (History and geography) 23.社会 (Society) 24.文学与艺术 (Literature and art) 附录5词汇表词汇表Aa( a n ) a r ta b a n do nv a b i l i t yna b l ea ab no r m a laa b o a r dp r e pa b o l i s h va b o r t i o nna b o u ta d & p r e p ab o v e pr e p ,a &a da b r o a da da b r u p taa b s en c e na bs e n taa b s o l u t eaa b s o r bva b st r a c ta & na b s u r daa b u n d a n taa b u s eva ca d e m i ca & n a c a d e m y n a c cel e r a t eva c c e n tna c c e p tva c c e s s n & v ac c e s s i b l ea a c c i d e n t n a c co m m o d a t i o nna c c o m p a n yva c c o mp l i s h va c c ou n tna c c o u n t a n tna c c u m u lat eva cc u r a c yna c c u r a t ea a cc u s e va c c u st o m e da a c h ev & n a c hi e v eva c h i ev e m e n tna c i daa c k n o w l e d g e va c q ua i n t a n c en a c q u i r e v a c q u is i t i o nna c r enac r o s sp r e pa c tn & va c t i o nna c t i v eaa c t i v i t yn ac t o rna c t r e s sna c t u a laa c u t e a AD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation n add v addicted a addition n address n adequate a adjust v adjustment n administration nadmirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a&n adopt v adore v adult n advance v&n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice n advise v advocate v affair n affect v affection n afford vafraid a Africa nAfrican a&n afterad,prep&conjafternoonnafterward(s)ad againad againstprep age n agency n agenda n agent naggressivea ago ad agree v agreementnagriculturalaagriculturen ahead adaid n&vAIDS naim n&vair n aircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n&v album n alcohol n alcoholic a& n algebra n alike ad alive a all ad,a&pron allergic a alley n allocate v allow v allowance n almost ad alone a along ad&prep alongsidead aloud ad alphabet nalready ad alsoad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium (Am aluminum)n always ad amv(be) a.m./am,A.M./AM abbramateur a amaze v amazingaambassador nambassadress nambiguous aambition nambulance nAmerican amongprepamountn&vample aamuse vamusem ent n analyse vanalysis nancestor n anchor v&n ancient a and conj anecdot e n anger n angle n angry a animal n anklenannivers ary n announc e v annoy v annual a another a& pron answer n&v ant n Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious a any pron&a anybody pron anyhow adanyone pron anything pron anyway adanywhere ad apart ad &a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v& n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v&n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate vappreciation n approach n&v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron n arbitrary a arch n architect n architecture n Arctic a are v(be) ) areaarea n argue v argument n arise(arose,arisen)v arithmeticn arm n&v armchairn army naround ad&prep arrange v arrangeme nt n arrest v arrival n arrive v arrow n art n article n artificial a artist n as ad,conj& prep ash n ashamed a Asia n Asian a& n aside adask v asleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom n attach v attack v& n attain v attempt v &n attend v attention n attitude n attract vattractionn attractive a audience n aunt n authentica author n authorityn automatic a autonomou s a autumn n available a avenue n average a &n avoidvawake(awoke,awoken)v&aaward naware aaway ad awesomea awful aawkwarda B babynbachelornbackad,a&nbackground nbackward(s)adbacon n bacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst)a badminton n bag n baggage n bakery n balance n balcony n ball n ballet n balloon n bamboo n ban n&v banana n band n bandage n bank n bar n barbecue n barber n barbershop n bare a bargain n&v bark v& n barrier n base n baseball n basement n basic a basinnbasisnbasketnbasketball nbatnbathnbathevbathroom n bat htu b n bat ter y n bat tle n bay n BC abbr be(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) v beach n bean n bean bean curd curd n bear 1n bear 2v beard n beastnbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful a beauty n because conjbecome(became,b ecome) v bed n beddingsnbedroom n bee n beef n beer n before prep ,ad&conj beg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf n behave v behaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & ad being n belief n believe v bell n belly n belong v below prep beltnbenchn bend(bent,bent)vbeneath prep beneficial a benefit n & v bent a & n beside prep besides prep & ad betray v between prep beyond prep bicycle n bid v & n big a bike=bicyc le n bill n bingonbiochemist rynbiographyn biology n bird n birthnbirthday n birthplace n biscuit n bishop n bitnbite(bit,bitten) v bitter a black a &nblackboardn blame n&v blankn&ablanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n&v blood nblouse nblow(blew,blown)vblue n&aboard n&v boat nbody n boil v bomb n & v bond n&v bone n bonus n book n&v boom n&v boot n booth n border n bored a boring a born a borrow v boss n botanical a botany n both a&pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v&nbowl n bowling n box n boxing n boy nboycott v brain nbrake n&v branch n brand n brave a bravery n bread n break(broke,broken)v &n breakfast n breakthrough n breast n breath n breathe v breathless a brewery n brick n bride n bridegroom n bridge n brief a bright a brilliant a bring(brought,brought) v broad a broadcast(bro adcast, broadcast 或-ed,-ed)v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n&a brunch n brush v & n Buddhism n budget n buffet n build(built,built)v building n bunch n bungalow n burden n bureaucratic a burglar n burn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed)v&n burst v bury v bus n bush n business n businessman/woman (plbusinessmen/ women) n busy a but conj& prep butcher n&v butter n butterfly n button n&v buy(bought,bought)v by prep bye intC cabncabbagencafencafeteriancagencakencalculatevcal ln&vcalma&vcamelncamerancampn&vcampaignn can1(could); can’t=cannot modal v can2 n canal n cancel v cancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap n capitaln capsule ncaptain ncaption ncar n carbonn card n care n& v careful a careless a carpenter n carpet n carriage n carrier n carrot n carry v cartoon n carve v case n cash n&v cassette n cast(cast,cast)v castle n casual a cat n catalogue n catastrophe n catch(caught,caught) v category n cater v Catholic a cattle n cause n&v caution n cautious a cave n CD=compact disk n ceiling n celebrate v celebration n cell n cent n centigrade a centimetre (Am centimeter)n central a centre(Am center)n century n ceremony n certain a certificate n chain n chair n chairman/woman (pl chairmen/women)n chalk n challenge n challenging a champion n chance n change n& v changeable a channel n chant v&n chaos nchapter n character n characteristic a&n charge v&n chart n chat n&v cheap a cheat n&v check n& v cheek n cheer n&v cheerful a cheers int cheese n chef n chemical a&n chemist n chemistry ncheque(Am check)n chess n chest n chew v chicken n chief a&n child(pl children)n childhood n chocolate n choice n choir n choke n&vchoose(chose,chosen)v chopsticks n chorus n Christian nChristmas nchurch ncigarncigarette n cinem a n circle n&v circuit n circul ate v circu mstan ce n circus n citize n n city n civil a civilia n n civiliz ation n clap v clarifyv classnclassi c a classif y v class matenclassroomnclawn clayncleanv&acleaner nclearaclerkncleveraclickvclimate n climb v clinic n clock n clone v close a&ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy a club n clumsy a coach n coal n coast n coat n cocoa n coffee n coin n coincidence n coke n cold a&n collar n colleague n collect v collection n college ncollision n colour(Am color)n&v comb n& v combine v come(came,come)v comedy n comfort n comfortable a command n&v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n&a companion n company n compare v compassn compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a&v complex a&n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v &n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consumev contain v container n contemporary a content1n content2a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n&a contribute v contribution n controlv&n controversial a convenience nconvenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n& v cooker n cookie n cool a copy n &v corn n corner n corporation n correct v&a correction n correspond v corrupt a&v cost n&vcosy(Am cozy)a cottage n cotton n&a cough n&v couldmodal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course n court n courtyard n cousin n cover n&v cow n crash v&n crayon n crazy a cream n create v creature n creditn crew n crime n criminal n criterion(pl criteria)n crop n cross n&v crossing n crossroads n crowd n&v cruela cry n&v cuben cubic a cuisinen culture n cup n cupboard n curen&v curious a currency n curriculum n curtain n cushionn custom n customer n customs ncut(cut,cut)v&n cycle v cyclist n D dad=daddy n daily a,ad&n dam n damage n&v damp a&n dance n&v danger n dangerous a dare v& modal v dark a&n darkness n dash v&ndata n database n date n&v daughter n dawn n day n dead a deadline n deaf a deal n dear a death n debate n&v debt n decade n decide v decision n declare vdecline v decorate v decoration n decrease vdeed n deepa&ad deer ndefeat v defence(Am defense)ndefend vdegree ndelay n&vdelete v&n deliberatelyad delicate a delicious adelight n delighted adeliver v demand vdentist n department(Dept.)n departure n depend v deposit v&ndepth n describe v description ndesert v&n deserve v design v &n desire v& n desk n desperate a dessert n destination n destroy v detective ndetermine v develop v development n devote v devotion n diagram n dial v dialogue(Am dialog)n diamond n diary n dictation n dictionary n die v diet n differ v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig(dug,dug)v digest v digital a dignity n dilemm a n dimens ion n dinner n dinosau r n dioxide n dip v diplom a n direct a&v directio n n directorn director y n dirty a disabili ty n disable d a disadvantage n disagre e v disagre ement n disappear vdisappoint vdisappointed adisasterndiscount ndiscourage vdiscover vdiscovery ndiscriminationndiscussvdiscussion ndiseasendisgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive v diverse a divide v division n divorce v dizzy a do(did,done)v doctor n document n dog n doll n dollar n donate v door n dormitory(dorm)n dot n double a&n doubt n&v down prep&ad download n &vdownstairs ad downtown ad,n&a dozen n Dr=doctor n draft n&v drag v draw(drew,drawn)v drawback n drawer n dream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed)n&v dress n&v drill n&v drink(drank,drunk)v drive(drove,driven)v driver n drop n&v drug n drum n drunk a dry v&a duck n due a dull a dumpling n during prep dusk n dust n dustbin n dusty a duty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic a dynasty n E E eacheach a&proneager aeagle near n early a&ad earn vearth n earthquake n easta,ad&n Easter n eastern a easy a eat(ate,eaten) v ecology n edge n edition n editor n educate veducation n educator n effect n effort n egg n eggplant n either a,conj &ad elder n elect v electricaelectrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephantn else ad e-mail n&v embarrass vembassyn emergen cy n emperornemployv emptya encourage vencouragementn end n&v endingn endlessa enemy n energetic a energy n engine n engineer n enjoy v enjoyablea enlarge venoughpron,a&ad enquiryn enter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance n entry n envelope n environment n envy v &n equal a&v equality n equip v equipment n eraser n error n erupt v escape n&v especially ad essay n Europe n European a &n evaluate v even ad evening n event n eventually ad ever ad every a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence n evident a evolution n exact a exam=examination n examine v example n excellent a except prep exchange n&v excite v excuse n&v exercise n&v exhibition n exist v existence n exit n expand v expect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert n explain v explanationn explicit a explode v explore v export n&v expose v express v&n expression n extension n extraa extraordinary a extreme a eye n eyesight n F F faceface n&v facial a fact n factory n fade v fail v&n failure n fair1a fair2n faith n fall1(fell,fallen)v fall2(Am)=autumn n false a familiar a family n famous a fan n fancy n,v&a fantastic a fantasy n far(farther,farthest 或further,furthest)a&ad fare n farmn farmer n fast a&ad fasten v fat n&a father n faultn favour(Am favor) nfavourite(Amfavorite) a & n fax n & v fear n feast n feather n federal a fee n feed(fed,fed) v feel(felt,felt) v feeling n fellow n female a & n fence n ferry n festival n & a fetch v fever n few pron & a fibre(Amfiber)nfiction n field n fierce a fight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & v file n fill v film n & v final a finance n find(found,found)vfine 1a fine 2v finger n fingernail n finish v & n fire n & v fireworks n firm 1 n firm 2 a fish n & v fisherman n fist n fit a & v fix v flag n flamen flashnflashlight n flat 1a flat 2n flee(fled,fled)vflesh n flexible a flight n float vflood n & v floor n flour n flow v flower n flu nfluency n fluent a fly 1(flew,flown) v fly 2 n focus v & n fog n foggy a fold v folk n & a follow v fond a food n fool n & v foolish a foot(pl feet) n football n for prep & conj forbid(forbade,for bidden) v force v forecast n & v forehead n foreign a foreigner n foresee(foresaw,foresee n) v forest n forever adforget(forgot,forgot/for gotten) v forgetful a forgive(forgave,forgive n) v fork n form n & v format n former a fortnight n fortunate a fortune n forward ad foster v found v fountain n fox n fragile a fragrant a framework n franc n free a freedom n freewaynfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing a frequent a freshafriction n fridge=refri gerator n friend n friendly a friendship n frighten v frog n from prep front a&n frontier n frost n fruit n fry v fuel n full a fun n&a function n &vfundamenta l a funeral n funny a fur n furnished a furniture n future n G gain vgallery ngallon ngamengarag e n garba ge n garde n n garli c n garment n gas n gate n gathe r v gay a gener al a &n gener ation n gener ous a gentl e a gentl eman n geog raph y ngeom etry n gestu re n get(g ot,go t)vgiftn gifte d a giraff e n girln give(gave, given) v glad a glanc e v glare v glass n globe n glory n glove n glue ngo(went,gone)v goal n goat ngod n gold n&a golden agolf ngood(better,best)a goods n goose(pl geese)n govern v government n grade n graduala graduate v graduation ngrain n gram n grammar n grand agrandchild n granddaughterngrandma=grand mother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson n granny n grapen graph n graspv grass n grateful agravity n great a&ad greedy a green a&n greengrocer n greet v greeting n grey(Amgray)a grill n grocer n grocery n ground n group n grow(grew,grown)vgrowth n guarantee v guard n guess v guest n guidance n guide n guilty a guitar n gun n gym=gymnasium n gymnastics n H habitnhairnhaircut nhalfa&n hallnhamnhamburgernhammernhandn&vhandbag n hand ful n hand kerch ief n handl e n&v hand some a hand writi ng n hand y ahang (hun g,hung 或-ed,-ed)v happ en v happi ness n happ y a harb our(Am harbor)nhardad&ahardly adhardshipnhardworkingaharmn&vharmful aharmonynharvest n&vhat nhatchvhatev& n have(has,had,had)v he pron head n&v headache n headline n headmaster n headmistress n health n healthy a hear(heard,heard)v hearing n heart n heat n heaven n heavy a heel n height n helicopter n hello int helmet n help n&v helpful a hen n her pron herb n here ad hero n hers pron herself pron hesitate v hi int hide(hid,hidden) v high a&ad highway n hill n him pron himself pron hire v his pron history n hit(hit,hit)v&n hobby n hold(held,held)v hole n holiday n holya home n&ad homeland n hometown n homework n honest a honeyn honour(Am honor)n&vhook n&vhope n&v hopeful a hopeless a horrible ahorse nhospital n hostn&v hostess n hot a hotdog n hotel n hour n house nhousewife n housework n how ad however ad&conj howl v hug v huge a human a&n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor)n hunger n hungry a hunt v hunter n hurricane n hurry v hurt(hurt,hurt)v husband n hydrogen n I I pron ice nice-cream nidea nidentificationn identity nidiom n ifconj ignore vill a illegal aillness nimagine v immediatelyadimmigrationn import v&n importancen important a impossible a impress v impression n improve v in prep&ad inch n incident n include vincome n increase v& n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n& v inform v information n initial a injure v injury n ink n inn n innocent a insect n insert v inside prep& ad insist v inspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct vinstruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest ninteresting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n&v into prep introduce v introductionn invent v invention n invitation n invite v iron n&v irrigation n is v(be) island n it pron its pron itself pron Jjacket n jam n jar n jaw n jazz n jeans n jeep n jet n jewellery(Am jewelry)n job n jog v join v joke n journalist n journey n joyn judge n&v judgement (Am judgment) n juice njump n&v jungle njunior a justa&ad justicen K kangaroo n keep(kept,kept) v kettle n key n keyboard n kick v&n kid n kill v kilo n kilogram n kilometre(Am kilometer)n kind1n kind2a kindergarten n kindness n king n kingdom nkissn&vkitchennkitenkneen knife(pl knives)n knock n&v know(knew, known)v knowledgen L lab=laborat ory n labour(Am labor)n lack n &v lady n lake n lamb n lame a lamp n land n&v language n lantern n lap n large a last a&v late a&adlatter n laugh n&v laughter nlaundry n law nlawyer nlay(laid,laid)vlazy alead(led,led)v&n leader nleaf(pl leaves)nleague n leak v learn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed)v least n leather nleave(left,left)v lecture n left a,ad& n leg n legal a lemon n&a lemonade n lend(lent,lent)vlength n lesson n let(let,let)vletter n level nliberation n liberty n librarian n library n licensen lid n lie1n&v lie2(lay,lain)vlife(pl lives) nlift v&n lightn,v&a lightningn like v&preplikely a limit vline n&v linkv&n lion n lipn liquid n&alist n&v listenv literature n literary alitre(Am liter)nlitter vlittle(less,least)a live v&alively a load nloaf n local alock n&v lonely a long a&ad look n&v loose a lorry nlose(lost,lost)vloss n lot nloud a lounge nlove n&v lovely a low a&ad luck n lucky a luggagen lunch n lungn M machine n mad a madam/madame n magazine n magic a maid n mail n&v mailbox n main a mainland n major a majority n make1n make2(made,made)v male a&n man(pl men)n manage v manager n mankind n manner n many(more,most)pron &a map n maple n marathon n marble n march n&v mark n& v market n marriage n marry v mask n&v mass n master v&n mat n match v&n material n mathematics =math/maths n matter n&v mature a maximum a&n may modal v maybe ad me pron meal n mean(meant,meant)v meaning n means n meanwhile ad measure v meat n medal n media n medical a medicine n medium n meet(met,met)v&n meeting n melon n member n memorial n &a memory n mend v mental a mention n& v menu n merchant a。
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英语
考核目标与要求
一、语言知识
要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录 1 至附录 5),要求词汇量为 3500 左右。
二、语言运用
1.听力
要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能:
(1)理解主旨要义;
(2)获取具体的事实性信息;
(3)对所听内容做出推断;
(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2.阅读
要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:
(1)理解主旨要义;
(2)理解文中具体信息;
(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;
(4)做出判断和推理;
(5)理解文章的基本结构;
(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3.写作
要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能:
(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息,表达意思;
(2)有效运用所学语言知识。
4.口语
要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能:
(1)询问或传递事实性信息,表达意思和想法;
1。