小升初英语语法-冠词

二、冠词

冠词有不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词(the)两种, 常放在名词的前面, 用来限定名词的意义, 起泛指或特指的作用。

(一) 不定冠词的用法：不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面，a用在辅音开头的词前面，an用在元音开头的词的前面。

1) 用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类，以区别于其他种类，例如：

A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)

She is a girl.

Pass me an apple, please.

2) 指某人或某物, 但不具体说明何人或何物（非特指），例如：

A boy is waiting for you

We work six days a week.

There is a dog lying on the ground.

3) 表示“一”这个数量, 但数的概念没有one强烈，例如:

We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.

I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.

4) 用于某些固定的词组中.例如:

a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双),

a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心),

have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。

5) 用于quite a(an), many a(an), half a(an), what a(an), such a(an)

many a/an +单数名词=many +复数名词

many a student=many students "许多学生", 但是"many a/an +单数名词"作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式.

【注】: 用a还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头. 特别注意“数字”和“字母”，如：数字8 — eight，18 — eighteen，80 --- eighty（包括80多、800多），11--- eleven 字母a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x

A a [ei], E e [i:], F f [ef], H h [eit∫], I i [ai], L l [el], M m [em], N n [en], O o [əu], R r [ɑ:],

S s [es], X x [eks]

B b [bi:],

C c [si:],

D d [di:], G g [dʒi:], J j [dʒei] K, k [kei], P p [pi:], Q q [kju:], T t [ti:],

U u [ju:], V v [vi:], W w [′dʌblju:], Y y [wai], Z z [zi:][zed]

特别需要注意的词：English，idea，orange，umbrella，old，art……

hour，……

university，useful，uniform，……

(二) 定冠词的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。

1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物，例如：

the photo of the boy

The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)

2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如:

-- Where are the new books, Jim? -- They are on the small table.

Look at the blackboard, Lily. (莉莉, 请看黑板。)

3) 指上文提过的人或物，例如：

Today he is making a machine.

He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.

There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)

4) 用在世界上独一无二的事物前, 例如：

The sun is bigger than the moon.

The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)

5) 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如：【注意】：副词最高级前不加，序数词前有形物代时不加

The first truck is carrying a few baskets.

The third one is carrying the fewest of all.

Who is the first one to go? (谁第一个去？)

Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)

6) 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前, 例如:

the Great Wall

the Spring Festival

the United States of America

7) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。例如：

I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains. (我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)

8) 用在乐器前面（西洋乐器），例如：play the violin, play the guitar, play the piano

9) 用与形容词和分词前表示一类人，表复数（加复数谓语），例如：the old, the young, the poor, the rich

10) 表示“一家人”，谓语的单复数用法与family类似，例如：the Greens, the Zhangs

11) 用于方位名词、身体部位名词前，例如：in the east，on the shoulder

12) 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的每个年代，例如：in the 1990’s（二十世纪九十年代）

13) 用在一些习惯用语中, 例如:

in the morning (afternoon, evening),

on the left (right)

at the end of / in the end(最后)

by the way(顺便说一下)

on the way(在路上)

the same

all the time(一直)

the whole time