英语修辞ppt
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英语修辞 English Rhetorical Devices
• 主讲人：陈秋霖
Group One
1
Simile 明喻
2
Metaphor 隐喻
3
Metonymy 转喻
4
Synecdoche 提喻
Simile
A word or phrase that compares sth. to sth else , using the words like or as . . (Words like as, as...as, seem, as if , as though, similar to and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.)
Innuendo(暗讽）
Definition: a mild form of irony. hinting in a rather roundabout way at something disparaging or uncomplimentary to the person or subject mentioned.(英语修辞的一种， 是一种温和的反语，用一种比较隐晦 曲折的方式表达对所提及的某事某物 的不一致和不赞赏） E.g.: he must take his readings in a bathroom.
4. 以抽象代具体
• All the wit and learning of the world were assembled there. The wise and learned scholars 所有聪明博学的人都聚 集在那里。 • “聪颖”和“学问”都是抽象名词，在此指代“ 学者”。 • It was sickness and poverty together that she came to visit. • Patients poor people 他来探望的是病人和穷人 。 • “疾病”和“贫穷”都是抽象名词，在此分别用 来指代“病人”和“穷人”
令人泄气的情形说成是令人鼓舞!是反语!但作者这样写! 并非为了讽刺挖苦什么
(3) 表亲昵之情 有时反话正说或正话反说表示人与人之间 的关系的密切或亲昵. 恋爱中的男女说对方 “ you are such a bad boy (girl)” 绝非在指 责对方,更不是讽刺挖苦对方,而只是在打情 骂俏,证明两人关系相当亲昵.正如孙犁在.荷 花淀/里所写的: 几源自文库女人有点失望!也有点伤心!各人在心里 骂自己的狠心贼 (the woman, a bit sad as well as disappointed, cursed in the mind their own merciless thief.)
局部代整体；抽象代详细；原材料代成品 等……
Synecdoche(提喻)
Definition: It involves the substitution
of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. 提喻是指用部分代表整体，或用整体代表部 分的修辞方法。
Sarcasm & Irony & Innuendo
三者在进行讽刺嘲弄时，程度有所不 同,innuendo是用委婉曲折、含蓄暗示 的方法说反话，以减少话语的刺激性 ，避免引起讽刺对象的不快。 E.g.: after three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.(把习惯鞠躬说成是脊梁骨灵 活，十分幽默有趣）
如：Jim looks like his brother Billy. My car runs as fast as the train.
Metaphor
A word or phrase used to describe sb. or sth. else , in a way that is different from its use , in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful.
• Irony基于二者之间，而且irony并非全是讽 刺，有时为了造成活泼的调子和幽默诙谐 情趣。
• What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country!---they let the paupers go to sleep.（他们竟然让穷人去睡 觉这是一个高尚的例证说明他那行善的国 家的法律史多么的仁慈）
比喻中，“喻体”一定要出现，否则比喻不能成 立，“本体”和“喻词”不一定出现。 本体 喻词 喻体
subject indicator of resemblance reference
Simile
√
像 似 犹如 仿佛
√
Metaphor √ 判断词或“成为”类肯定动词 √ Metonymy 乙代甲
Synecdoche 不出现 不出现 √ √
2. Effect
(1) 讽刺挖苦 “could you wait a few days for the money? I haven’t any small change about me.” “oh, you haven’t? well, of course I know that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.” (mark twain: one million pound bank-note) 我过几天再付钱行吗- 我身边没有零钱 啊!是吗? 哦!当然啦!我知道像您这样的绅士身上 是只带大票子的
Comparison
• Irony, innuendo and sarcasm是三种 修辞格，三者有联系也有区别。 • 联系：三者大多数情况下都是以讽 刺为目的，只是在强度上有所差异 。 • 区别：sarcasm >irony >innuendo
Effect
• It aims to disparage ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacks.(它是以一种奚落嘲讽为目 的，打击伤害客体情感的一种修辞 手法）
暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的 最大区别。换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。 如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of something associated in meaning with that thing or concept.
1. the part for the whole
• The poor man has six mouths to feed in his family. (mouths=people) 这可怜的人要养六口人 。 • The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. （ hands =labors）在收获季 节里农场缺乏劳动力。 • He can’t ride a wheel. 他不会骑自行车。 （Bicycle： “轮子”只是自行车的一个部件 ，在此用来指代“自行车”。）
2. The whole for the part
• Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚 队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 • Cotton suits you. （cotton=the closes made by cotton） • The kettle is boiling. (kettle壶 =the water in the kettle) • Two beers, please. (beers =two glasses of beer)
3.以具体代抽象
• He earned his bread as a teacher. 他以教 书为生。 • Living （“面包”指代抽象名词“生计” ） • The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face.他的脸上带着凶残和贪婪的神色 • Fierceness greediness • 用“狼”指代其“凶残的”本性，用“猪 ”指代其“贪婪的”本性。
这段话的最后一句就是反语。实际的意思 是说,像你这样的穷光蛋根本就没有什么大 票子。
(2) 幽默俏皮 有时使用反语其旨并非讽刺挖苦而只是使表达活泼俏皮 例如 “generally speaking” said Miss Murdstone, “I don’t like boys. Hoe d’ ye do boy?” Under these encouraging circumstances, I replied that I was very well and that I hope she was the same, with such an indifferent grace that Miss Murdstone disposed of me in two words, “wants manner!” (Charles Dickens: David Copperfield)
Group two
1
Irony
2
反语
Innuendo
3
暗讽
Sarcasm
讽刺
Irony (反语)
The use of words that say the opposite of what you really mean , often as a joke and with a tone of voice that shows this.
• Sarcasm则直截了当，单刀直入，是辛 辣的讽刺，尖刻的挖苦，故意伤害讽 刺对象。 • E.g.: laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small files, but let wasps break through.（法律像蜘蛛网一样，能捉住 小苍蝇，却让胡风，黄蜂钻进去。把 法律比喻成蜘蛛网来讽刺当时法律的 不公正）
Group three
1
Antithesis 对照
2
Contrast 对比
3
Parallelism 平行
Effect
• Innuendo 汉语称为 “暗讽”、 “射影”，是用婉转的口气讲 反话，使语言生动活泼，幽默 风趣，或是旁敲侧击，含沙射 影。
Sarcasm（讽刺）
• Definition: while innuendo is a mild form of irony, sarcasm is just the opposite. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner. (英语修辞 的一种，讽刺程度比irony强烈，它是一种 以奚落嘲讽为目的，打击伤害客体感情的 一种修辞） • E.g.: laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small files, but let wasps break through.
借喻重点不是相似是联想 如:The room sat silent.全屋人安静地坐着。 Lend me your ears, please.请听我说。 The pen is mightier than the sword. 文章胜武力。 Finally she married money. 她最终嫁给了 有钱人。
• 主讲人：陈秋霖
Group One
1
Simile 明喻
2
Metaphor 隐喻
3
Metonymy 转喻
4
Synecdoche 提喻
Simile
A word or phrase that compares sth. to sth else , using the words like or as . . (Words like as, as...as, seem, as if , as though, similar to and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.)
Innuendo(暗讽）
Definition: a mild form of irony. hinting in a rather roundabout way at something disparaging or uncomplimentary to the person or subject mentioned.(英语修辞的一种， 是一种温和的反语，用一种比较隐晦 曲折的方式表达对所提及的某事某物 的不一致和不赞赏） E.g.: he must take his readings in a bathroom.
4. 以抽象代具体
• All the wit and learning of the world were assembled there. The wise and learned scholars 所有聪明博学的人都聚 集在那里。 • “聪颖”和“学问”都是抽象名词，在此指代“ 学者”。 • It was sickness and poverty together that she came to visit. • Patients poor people 他来探望的是病人和穷人 。 • “疾病”和“贫穷”都是抽象名词，在此分别用 来指代“病人”和“穷人”
令人泄气的情形说成是令人鼓舞!是反语!但作者这样写! 并非为了讽刺挖苦什么
(3) 表亲昵之情 有时反话正说或正话反说表示人与人之间 的关系的密切或亲昵. 恋爱中的男女说对方 “ you are such a bad boy (girl)” 绝非在指 责对方,更不是讽刺挖苦对方,而只是在打情 骂俏,证明两人关系相当亲昵.正如孙犁在.荷 花淀/里所写的: 几源自文库女人有点失望!也有点伤心!各人在心里 骂自己的狠心贼 (the woman, a bit sad as well as disappointed, cursed in the mind their own merciless thief.)
局部代整体；抽象代详细；原材料代成品 等……
Synecdoche(提喻)
Definition: It involves the substitution
of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. 提喻是指用部分代表整体，或用整体代表部 分的修辞方法。
Sarcasm & Irony & Innuendo
三者在进行讽刺嘲弄时，程度有所不 同,innuendo是用委婉曲折、含蓄暗示 的方法说反话，以减少话语的刺激性 ，避免引起讽刺对象的不快。 E.g.: after three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.(把习惯鞠躬说成是脊梁骨灵 活，十分幽默有趣）
如：Jim looks like his brother Billy. My car runs as fast as the train.
Metaphor
A word or phrase used to describe sb. or sth. else , in a way that is different from its use , in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful.
• Irony基于二者之间，而且irony并非全是讽 刺，有时为了造成活泼的调子和幽默诙谐 情趣。
• What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country!---they let the paupers go to sleep.（他们竟然让穷人去睡 觉这是一个高尚的例证说明他那行善的国 家的法律史多么的仁慈）
比喻中，“喻体”一定要出现，否则比喻不能成 立，“本体”和“喻词”不一定出现。 本体 喻词 喻体
subject indicator of resemblance reference
Simile
√
像 似 犹如 仿佛
√
Metaphor √ 判断词或“成为”类肯定动词 √ Metonymy 乙代甲
Synecdoche 不出现 不出现 √ √
2. Effect
(1) 讽刺挖苦 “could you wait a few days for the money? I haven’t any small change about me.” “oh, you haven’t? well, of course I know that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.” (mark twain: one million pound bank-note) 我过几天再付钱行吗- 我身边没有零钱 啊!是吗? 哦!当然啦!我知道像您这样的绅士身上 是只带大票子的
Comparison
• Irony, innuendo and sarcasm是三种 修辞格，三者有联系也有区别。 • 联系：三者大多数情况下都是以讽 刺为目的，只是在强度上有所差异 。 • 区别：sarcasm >irony >innuendo
Effect
• It aims to disparage ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacks.(它是以一种奚落嘲讽为目 的，打击伤害客体情感的一种修辞 手法）
暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的 最大区别。换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。 如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of something associated in meaning with that thing or concept.
1. the part for the whole
• The poor man has six mouths to feed in his family. (mouths=people) 这可怜的人要养六口人 。 • The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. （ hands =labors）在收获季 节里农场缺乏劳动力。 • He can’t ride a wheel. 他不会骑自行车。 （Bicycle： “轮子”只是自行车的一个部件 ，在此用来指代“自行车”。）
2. The whole for the part
• Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚 队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 • Cotton suits you. （cotton=the closes made by cotton） • The kettle is boiling. (kettle壶 =the water in the kettle) • Two beers, please. (beers =two glasses of beer)
3.以具体代抽象
• He earned his bread as a teacher. 他以教 书为生。 • Living （“面包”指代抽象名词“生计” ） • The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face.他的脸上带着凶残和贪婪的神色 • Fierceness greediness • 用“狼”指代其“凶残的”本性，用“猪 ”指代其“贪婪的”本性。
这段话的最后一句就是反语。实际的意思 是说,像你这样的穷光蛋根本就没有什么大 票子。
(2) 幽默俏皮 有时使用反语其旨并非讽刺挖苦而只是使表达活泼俏皮 例如 “generally speaking” said Miss Murdstone, “I don’t like boys. Hoe d’ ye do boy?” Under these encouraging circumstances, I replied that I was very well and that I hope she was the same, with such an indifferent grace that Miss Murdstone disposed of me in two words, “wants manner!” (Charles Dickens: David Copperfield)
Group two
1
Irony
2
反语
Innuendo
3
暗讽
Sarcasm
讽刺
Irony (反语)
The use of words that say the opposite of what you really mean , often as a joke and with a tone of voice that shows this.
• Sarcasm则直截了当，单刀直入，是辛 辣的讽刺，尖刻的挖苦，故意伤害讽 刺对象。 • E.g.: laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small files, but let wasps break through.（法律像蜘蛛网一样，能捉住 小苍蝇，却让胡风，黄蜂钻进去。把 法律比喻成蜘蛛网来讽刺当时法律的 不公正）
Group three
1
Antithesis 对照
2
Contrast 对比
3
Parallelism 平行
Effect
• Innuendo 汉语称为 “暗讽”、 “射影”，是用婉转的口气讲 反话，使语言生动活泼，幽默 风趣，或是旁敲侧击，含沙射 影。
Sarcasm（讽刺）
• Definition: while innuendo is a mild form of irony, sarcasm is just the opposite. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner. (英语修辞 的一种，讽刺程度比irony强烈，它是一种 以奚落嘲讽为目的，打击伤害客体感情的 一种修辞） • E.g.: laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small files, but let wasps break through.
借喻重点不是相似是联想 如:The room sat silent.全屋人安静地坐着。 Lend me your ears, please.请听我说。 The pen is mightier than the sword. 文章胜武力。 Finally she married money. 她最终嫁给了 有钱人。