2012年全国医学考博英语试题及答案详解(含听力原文)
2012年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．As the world’s largest grain exporter, the United States has______power over the world food distribution system.A．assortedB．unrivaledC．compoundedD．intrigued正确答案：B解析：形容词词义辨析。
assorted“组合的；混杂的”；unrivaled“无敌的，无比的，至高无上的”；compounded“复合的，化合的”；intrigued“好奇的；被迷住的”。
根据句意能与power(控制权)搭配的形容词只能是unrivaled。
故答案为B。
2．The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to______, but rather to increase with every new discovery.A．clarifyB．eliminateC．diminishD．extinguish正确答案：C解析：动词词义辨析。
空后的but一词表示转折，所以此空应填入与increase 意思相反的词，选项中只有diminish(使减少；使变小)符合这个要求。
故答案为C。
eliminate“排除，消除”；extinguish“熄灭；压制”。
3．Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more______emotion.A．compellingB．abidingC．violentD．sophisticated正确答案：B解析：形容词词义辨析。
2012年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：M: Well, just keep your arm straight there. Fine, there will be a little prick like a mosquito bite. OK? There we go. Ok, I will send that sample off and we’ll check it. If the sample is ok, we won’t need to go on seeing you anymore. W: So you think I’m getting better? M: Absolutely. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?1．A．The woman’s condition is critical.B．The woman has been picking up quite well.C．The woman’s illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D．The woman won’t see the doctor any more.正确答案：B解析：此题考点为细节信息再现。
女士问医生是不是好转了，医生回答说当然，故答案为B。
选项C是干扰项，医生让女病人伸直手臂，并说会有向蚊子叮咬的刺痛，prick的含义是“刺痛”。
听力原文：W: It’s Mr. Cong, isn’t it?M: That’s right. I saw you six months ago with a broken finger.W: Yes, of course. And is that all healing well?M: It’s fine.W: What can we do for you today?M: Well, I’ve been having these headaches in the front, about my eyes. It started two months ago.They seem to come on quite suddenly, and I get dizzy spell as well. Q: What is the trouble in the man now?2．A．A broken finger.B．A terrible cough.C．Frontal headaches.D．Eye problem.正确答案：C解析：此题考点为细节信息再现。
2012全国医学考博英语真题+答案详解
20201212年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题试卷一(Paper one)Part l Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The questionwill be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET。
Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.The woman's condition is critical.B.The woman has been picking up quite well.C.The woman's illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D.The woman won't see the doctor any more.2. A.A broken finger. B.A terrible cough.C.Frontal headaches.D.Eye problem.3. A.She needs a physical examination. B.She is in good health.C.It's good to have a doctor friend.D.It's good to visit the doctor.4. A.He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.B.He prefers to get antioxidants from food.C.He doesn't mind eating a lot every day.D.He is overcautious sometimes.5. A.The blouse is a bargain. B.The blouse is too expensive.C.The blouse is colorful.D.The blouse is so fashionable.6. A.To queue for a ticket. B.To take man's offer.C.To buy a ticket online.D.To try an agency.17. A.She disagrees with the man.B.She couldn't agree with the man more.C.It's hard for them to fulfill their plans.D.It's impossible to get money from the Gates Foundation.8. A.One minute. B.Fifteen minutes.C.Half an hour.D.Five minutes.9. A.She is freezing cold. B.She is crazy about ice cream.C.She has a headache.D.She has brain fever.10. A.She can't wait for the man. B.She is very eager to see the man.C.She will go to the USA with the man.D.She expects the man to stay.11. A.A cold. B.A headache.C.A hoarse voice.D.Insomnia.12. A.To go to Susan for advice. B.To try to think like Susan.C.To break up with Susan.D.To have a date with Susan.13. A.She will become a famous singer soon. B.She will become an American idol.C.She will sign up for a talent show.D.She will surely stand out from the crowd.14. A.To take a month off work. B.To rest in bed as much as possible.C.To take some herbal medicine.D.To put on plaster.15. A.The Chinese face cream. B.The American face cream.C.The French perfume.D.The medication.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear three passages.After each one,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One16. A.White blood cell count. B.Red blood cell count.C.X-ray.D.ECG.17. A.Too much work to do. B.A heavy load of studying.C.Her daughter's sickness.D.Her insufficient income.18. A.Leukemia. B.Gastric ulcer.C.Immune disease.D.Gastric influenza.19. A.Take the white tablets three times a day. B.Take the charcoal tablets three times a day.C.Take one or two white tablets at a time.D.Take two charcoal tablets a day.20. A.Stay off work. B.Drink plenty of liquids.C.Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.D.Postpone your exercise when sick.Passage Two21. A.35million. B.34million. C.25million. D.20million.22. A.Author,professor and dreamer B.Writer,professor and insomniac.C.Author,psychologist and insomniac.D.Dramatist,psychologist and scientist.23. A.Sleeping in8-hour consolidated blocks.B.Sleeping during day time.C.Going to bed soon after dark.2D.Two blocks of4-hour sleep with a waking break.24. A.Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.B.Because they sleep very little.C.Because they are insensitive.D.Because they can't complain.25. A.Sleep is highly variable,and wears out with age.B.Falling asleep is a gradual process.C.Sleeping less will help you lose weight.D.People need to sleep eight hours a day.Passage Three26. A.Eight-year-olds. B.Twelve-year-olds.C.Seventeen-year-olds.D.Adults.27. A.The use off MRI. B.The use of computer tasks.C.The three-way division of the subjects.D.The instructions given to the subjects.28. A.12-year-olds respond strongly to negative feedback.B.12-year-olds function the same as8-year-olds.C.8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.D.12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.29. A.Not bad. B.Excellent.C.Not so good.D.Got it wrong this time.30. A.Scientists. B.The general public.C.Teachers at the kindergarten.D.Children with Attention Deficit Disorder Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the statements are incomplete,beneath each of which there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Her dietician suggested that_____diet and moderate exercise would help her recover soon.A.temperateB.temporaryC.tentativeD.tempting32.His health compels him to______in his early30s.e offB.knock offC.drop offD.pull off33.Two days later he regained his consciousness,forgetful of what had happened in the______A.transparencyB.transiencyC.tranceD.trace34.Despite financial belt-tightening this year,Christmas still represents a great time for_____A.arroganceB.surveillanceC.indulgenceD.turbulence35.A succession of______visits by the two countries'leaders have taken their relations out ofthe cooler over the past20months.A.reciprocalB.receptiveC.repulsiveD.Redundant36.The prime minister,beset by______support rate,made the decision to resign over theweekend to avoid a political vacuum.A.spontaneousB.strenuousC.soaringD.sluggish,337.Beijing Tourism Bureau has released a list of translations for2,753dishes and drinksto______public opinions.A.solicitB.perceiveC.conceiveD.investigate38.The greatest risk for rickets is in______breastfed infants who are not supplemented with400 IU of Vitamin D a day.A.exceptionallyB.practicallyC.exclusivelyD.proportionately39.The government is spending hundreds of billions extending the electricity_______to every remote village for the improvement of farmers'livelihoods.A.gridB.grantC.groveD.grandeur40.Social scientists believe that societies with a_______of young men without hope of marriage suffer from instability,violence and surges in crime.A.swarmageB.hatchC.gangD.surplusSection BDirections:In this section you each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word orphrase which are best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted forthe underlined part.Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.She,a crazy fan,felt a tingle of excitement at the sight of Michael Jackson.A.glimpseB.gustC.panicD.pack42.She could never transcend her resentments against her mother's partiality for her brother.A.disciplineplainC.conquerD.defy43.One could neither trifle with a terror of this kind,nor compromise with it.A.belittleB.exaggerateC.ponderD.eliminate44.In light of his good record,the police accepted defense.A.In place ofB.In view ofC.In spite ofD.In search of45.City officials stated that workers who lied on their employment applications may be terminated.A.accusedB.punishedC.dismissedD.suspended46.An outbreak of swine flu outside of Mexico City was blamed for the deaths of more than a hundred people in April2009.A.attached toB.ascribed toposed ofD.related to47.When a forest goes ablaze,it discharges hundreds of chemical compounds,including carbon monoxide.A.puts outB.passes offC.pulls outD.sends out48.Unfortunately,the bridge under construction clasped in the earthquake,so they had to do thewhole thing again from scratch.A.from the beginningB.from now onC.from time to timeD.from the bottom49.Identical twin sisters have led British scientists to a breakthrough in leukemia research thatpromises more effective therapies with fewer harmful side-effects.A.administersB.nurturesC.inspiresD.ensures50.Radical environmentalists have blamed pollutants and synthetic chemicals in pesticides forthe disruption of human hormones.A.disturbanceB.distractionC.intersectionD.interpretation4Part III C l oze(10%)Directions:In this section there is passage with ten numbered blanked.For each blank,there are choices marked A,B,C and D listed below the passage.Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dear Dr.Benjamin,Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General.Based on your extraordinary career and your commitment to51health disparities among underserved populations,no doubt your tenure will be marked by great progress toward the goal of improved health for all Americans.Each United States Surgeon General has the unique opportunity to create his or her own lasting legacy.Dr.Koop focused on smoking prevention.Dr.Satcher one of52mentors, released the first comprehensive report on mental health.We encourage you to build your own legacy53concept of prevention through healthy lifestyles--a legacy that is both sustainable and cost-effective.This also is an important issue for Members of Congress,many of whom believe that54prevention and wellness initiatives will bring down costs and help people lead healthier lives.The American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM)would be honored to partner with you on such an initiative.ACSM,the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world,55 ready to work with you to increase healthy behaviors-especially physical activity--throughout the life span.During this crucial period of health system reform,we've been advocating for strategies that support preventive medicine not just through diagnostic testing,56promoting healthy, active behaviors that all Americans can achieve at little or no cost.In fact,ACSM already has a working agreement with the Surgeon General's office,focused on a series of healthy-lifestyle public service announcements for our Exercise Is Medicine TM program,a program that57calls on doctors to encourage their patients to incorporate physical activity and exercise into their daily routine.As you are58aware,physical activity can prevent and treat a host of chronic conditions--such as heart disease,type II diabetes,and obesity–that currently plague our country.Your example as59whose family has suffered from preventable disease and who demonstrates healthy lifestyles can be powerful indeed.Anytime either before or after your appointment is confirmed,we would60the opportunity to meet with you and your staff to discuss how we,along with other leading health organizations,can enhance the prevention paradigm through physical activity.Again,Dr,Benjamin,I extend our deepest congratulations and best wishes.Sincerely,James Pivarnik,Ph.D.,FACSMPresident,American College of Sports Medicine51. A.handle B.eliminate C.achieving D.addressing52. A.his own B.our own C.your own D.her own53. A.around B.above C.at D.across54. A.promoted B.promoting C.having been promoting D.having been promoted55. A.put B.got C.sits D.stands56. A.but for B.but that C.but by D.but also57. A.arguably B.excessively C.specifically D.exceptionally558. A.well B.better C.the very D.the most59. A.those B.one C.this D.it60. A.greet B.welcome C.deserve D.celebratePart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneAs the defining epidemic of a modem age notable for overconsumption and excess,obesity is hard to beat.The increased availability of high-fat,high-sugar foods,along with more sedentary lifestyles,has helped push the number of obese people worldwide to beyond400million,and the number of overweight to more than1.6billion.By2015,those figures are likely to grow to700 million and2.3billion respectively,according to the World Health Organization.Given the health implications--increased risk of heart disease,stroke,diabetes and some cancers--anything that helps people avoid piling on the pounds must be a good thing,right?Those who agree will no doubt welcome the growing success of researchers striving to develop"diet pills"that provide a technical fix for those incapable of losing weight any other way. Last week a study published in The Lancet showed that tesofensine,which works by inducing a sense of fullness,is twice as effective as any other drug at enabling patients to lose weight.There is no question that advances such as this are good news for those with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity.But for the rest of us it is dangerous to see treatment as a more effective solution than prevention.There are several reasons for this.For a start,the traditional ways of maintaining a safe weight,such as limiting what you eat,increase consumption of fruit and vegetables and taking more exercise,are beneficial for our health in many ways.Second,overindulgence in fatty foods has implications for the entire planet.Consider the deleterious environmental effects of the rising demand for meat.As demonstrated in our special issue on economic growth,technological fixes will not compensate for excessive consumption. Third,interfering with the brain circuits that control the desire for food can have an impact on other aspects of a person's personality and their mental and physical health.We need two approaches:more research into the genetics of obesity to understand why some people are more susceptible,and greater efforts to help people avoid eating their way to an early death.Cynics will say we've tried education and it hasn't worked.That is defeatist:getting people to change their behavior takes time and effort,held back as we are by our biological tendency to eat more than we need,and by the food industry's ruthless opportunism in exploiting that.Drugs will be the saving of a few--as a last resort.But the global obesity problem is one of lifestyle,and the solution must be too.61.In the first paragraph all the figures surrounding obesity reflect________A.a close link between growing obese and developing diseaseB.the inevitable diseases of modem civilizationC.the war against the epidemic we have lostD.the urgency of the global phenomenon62.When it comes to the recently reported diet pills,the author would say that________6A.drags are no replacement of preventionB.the technical advance is not necessarily good newsC.the technical fix does help reverse the obesity epidemicD.the mechanism of tesofensine still remains to be verified63.Which of the following can be referred to as the environmental perspective of the author'sargument?A.Belittling good health behavior.B.Imposing a heavy burden on our planet.C.Making trouble for our social environment.D.Having implications for mental and physical health.64.The author argues that we make greater efforts to help people fight against_________A.their biological overeating tendency and aggressively marketed foodsB.the development of diet pills as a technical fix for obesityC.their excuses for their genetic susceptibility to obesityD.the defeatism prevailing in the general populations65.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.No Quick FixB.Disease of CivilizationC.Pursuing a Technical FixD.A War on Global ObesityPassage TwoAn abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks.A$700million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown22miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg,housing2,000residents by2010.The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an "authentic Chinese experience.""You'll be able to experience China,go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods,"says Stefan Kunigam,managing director of Bandenburg-China -Project-Management GmbH.The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China,reports Christoph Lang of Berlin's Trade and Industry promotion Office."Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here."He says."The cultural environment is very important for them.You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown."Germany is home to about72,000Chinese migrants(2002Federal Statistical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early1930s in Hamburg,when most of the city's2,000Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis.German's more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government,reports Deutsche Welle(DW),Germany's international broadcaster.DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfel's xenophobic(恐外的)comments about "state-subsidized Oriental mega-families"at first went largely uncriticized."Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments,"DW quotes Miriam Gruss,a Free Democratic Party parliamentarian."Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society.It's not a minor phenomenon."The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy andTolerance program in January2007as part of its tolerance-building efforts.7While it is not clear how many Chinese migrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown,developers hope the project will increase Germans'understanding for China and Chinese culture.66.If set up,according to the passage,the new German Chinatown will probably be_______A.a rival to the Chinatowns of San Francisco and New YorkB.mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parksC.located in the north suburbs of BerlinD.the biggest one in Germany67.When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown,Lang means_______A.the real imported goods made in ChinaB.the authoritative permission for the projectC.the importance of the location for a ChinatownD.the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture68.By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany,the author most probablymeans that_________A.it is too late to build a ChinatownB.it is their desire to save a ChinatownC.it is important to create jobs for themD.it is necessary to have a Chinatown there69.According to the passage,German anti-foreigner extremismA.can seed the new community with hatredB.could be an obstacle to the projectC.will absolutely kill the planD.is growing for the scheme70.The message from the plan is clear:A.to build a new communityB.to fight against right-wing extremismC.to promote more cultural understandingD.to increase Chinese's understanding of GermanyPassage ThreeThe American research university is a remarkable institution,long a source of admiration and wonder.The idyllic(田园诗的),wooded campuses,the diversity and energy of the student populations,and,most of all,the sheer volume of public and private resources available to nm them,have made them the envy of the world.Seen from the inside,however,everything is not quite so rosy.Setting aside the habitual complexity of medical schools,which have separate healthcare and finance issues,the structure of these institutions is straightforward and consistent.The bedrock of each university is a system of discipline-specific departments.The strength of these departments determines the success and prestige of the institution as a whole.This structure raises a few obvious questions.One is the relevance of the department-based structure to the way scientific research is done.Many argue that in a host of areas--ranging from computational biology and materials science to pharmacology and climate science--much of the most important research is now interdisciplinary in nature.And there is a sense that,notwithstanding years of efforts to adapt to this change by encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration,the department-based structure of the university is essentially at odds with such collaboration.8A second set of issues surrounds the almost static nature of the departmental system.In a country where most things are highly fluid,the fields covered by departments,as well as the pecking order(权势等级)between them,have remained largely unchanged for many years.Aspeople and money have flowed,particularly over the past twenty years,to the south and the southwest,the strongest US universities and departments remain embedded in the northeast and in California.League tables drawn up by the National Academy of Sciences and others show little movement in this pecking order,even over several decades.Another,perhaps more contentious,issue concerns the relevance of the modem research university to the community it serves.The established model,whatever else its strengths and weaknesses,reflects the desire of the middle classes for undergraduate training that prepares their offspring for a stable career.But how does it serve a society in which people may have to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?71.The passage begins with the presentation of the American research university_______A.in a unique wayB.in a jealous toneC.in the eyes of outsidersD.out of personal admiration72.The traditional model of the US research university________A.determines the complexity of the single-discipline departmentB.is well established with competition among its departmentsC.ensures the success and prestige of each single departmentD.is characterized by the department-based structure73.The structure of the US research university,the author contends,needs to be stretched_____A.to change the way scientific research is done along the disciplineB.to promote individuality and creativity in doing scienceC.to address the current interdisciplinary challengesD.to advance the discipline-based department74.In addition to the department-based structure,the pecking order_______A.remains unchallenged as the name of the gameB.fosters unfair competition at the American institutionC.contributes to insufficient interdisciplinary collaborationD.makes uneven allocations of financial resource among the US universities75.What can be inferred from the question:But how does it serve a society in which people mayhave to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?A.The American societal structure has an impact on that of the research university.B.College students need to be trained to be dedicated to the social value of science.C.The modem research university ought to change the way it serves the middle class.D.The established model serves as an obstacle to the best service of the society.Passage FourScience and politics make uncomfortable bedfellows.Rarely is this more true than in the case of climate change,where it is now time for emergency counseling.One point repeatedly made at last week's climate change congress in Copenhagen was that formulating an action plan to curb climate change is not a job of scientists.Politicians may be left scratching their heads over what to do,but at this stage climatescientists cannot provide more guidance than they did in the2007report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,for two reasons.9First,models will never provide a straightforward prediction of how the climate will change. As one Copenhagen delegate put it:"Tell me what the stock market will do in100years and I will tell you what the climate will do."Second as most climate scientists will agree,their role is not toformulate policy.They can provide more or less apocalyptic(大灾预测的)scenarios of what will happen if emissions hit certain thresholds,from burning forests to disappearing islands.But when politicians ask what is the absolute maximum amount of carbon dioxide we should allow to be pumped out,the answer is,invariably,how much risk do you want to take?There are ways out of the deadlock.As the major climate negotiations in December approach,scientists need to be able to take off their labcoats sometimes and speak as concerned citizens.Some may feel uncomfortable with blurting the line between science and activism,but they should be aware that no one understands the risks better than they do and no one is better placed to give informed opinions.Politicians,for their part,should stop begging climatologists for easy answers.What they need instead is a new breed of advisers to descend from the ivory towers of academia and join the climate fray–people who are willing and able to weight up the risks,costs and benefits of various degrees of action.If all else fails,there may still be the safety net of geoengineering.As we have said on several occasions,this option can no longer be dismissed as fantasy.Reputable scientists are discussing options among themselves and with policy-makers,but the fact that we are even considering it should spur governments to cut emissions,cut them deeply and cut them fast. Geoengineering is no get-out-of-jail-free card;it has dangers of its own.The military are already taking an interest,raising the spectre of climate weapons able to divert rainfall and bring drought. That is the last thing we want.76.In the case global warning,scientists_______A.tend to be more conservative than politiciansB.are in no position to offer a definite answerC.never trust politicians as in other casesD.feel incapable more than ever before77.Speaking of climate change,politicians______A.don't like it when scientists are indirectB.never see eye to eye with scientists thereC.seldom want to play the game with scientistsD.are left puzzled over the formulation of policy78.To bridge the gap between the two sides,according to the passage,scientists are supposedto_______A.act with more concern and enthusiasmB.discard their prejudice towards politiciansC.be definite enough to offer informed opinionsD.do as concerned citizens do in protecting environment79.For their part,politicians ought to be reasonable and_______A.pick up the right scientists for informed opinionsB.place policy and decision in the hands of scientistsC.receive reeducation in the ivory towers of academia10D.choose those who can provide a straightforward prediction80.The author reminds those who are talking about geoengineering of________A.the other alternatives in the matterB.the climate weapon as a double-edged swordC.the dangers of the fantasy among the reputable scientistsD.the urgency of emission reduction on the part of governmentsPassage FiveYou are what you eat notwithstanding,it is only recently that most consumers have become interested in the technical details of their food's composition,production and transport.With obesity and climate change now major concerns,and"localvore"and"food miles"entering the lexicon,shoppers are clamoring for information.And many food companies are happy to supply it, resulting in a dizzying array of multicolored labels and claims.But not everyone is happy.A proposed law in Indiana is the latest attempt in the United States to ban milk labels proclaiming that the cows from whence the milk came were not treated with recombinant bovine growth hormone(rBGH,also called recombinant bovine somatotropin or rbST).This hormone,produced by engineered bacteria,is virtually identical to the cow's own and can increase milk production by10-15%.There are two bad arguments for banning such labels.The f~t--that it is impossible to determine from the milk whether the cow was injected with rBGH--is the reason cited in the bill language.The second--that proliferation of"no rBGH"labels will train consumers to distrust the product--is the real motivation.The first argument can be disposed of easily:it is already illegal to make false claims about a product.The second argument may seem more convincing.There is no firm scientific evidence that injecting cows with rBGH affects human health in any way,but prevalent labeling touting the absence of rBGH would suggest to consumers that there are some differences.The mandating(颁布)of an additional phrase such as that agreed last month in Pennsylvania--"No significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rbST-treated and non-rbST-treated cows" ---ameliorates(减轻)this problem.There are good reasons not to ban accurate labels.More information means that consumers can be more discerning,and not just about their own health.They can vote with their purchases for farming practices they prefer.And if a company wants to use a technology with a bad reputation,it is the firm's responsibility to educate the consumer about why it is beneficial.If consumers choose irrationally to reject it,that is their prerogative(特权).Capitalism thrives on the irrationality of consumers,from their noted fear of smelling bad,to their preference for redness in apples,farmed salmon and fast-food signage(标记).Indeed,if consumers were suddenly to become rational,an economic cataclysm(大灾难) would result,as households in all the rich nations would cut their consumption to only what they really needed.Such a crash would no doubt make the current economic doldrums(萧条)look like the mildest hiccup(打嗝)。
浙江大学2012考博英语听力原文
浙江大学2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
Section ⅠListening Comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each)Part ADirections: You will hear a passage about Food Resource under Pressure.Listen and complete the sentences in questions 1-5 with the information you've heard, Write not more than 3 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.The world’s different sorts of natural resources are struggling to support a rapidly growing population and it may result in a long term crisis. With no increase in arable land, and already taxed supply of freshwater and fears of ongoing drought, figuring out how to feed 7 billion is a top priority for governments. To feed 2 billion more mouths predicted by 2050, food production will have to increase by 70%, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization says. Over the last few years, the world’s focus has shifted from donating excess food to nations hit by poverty towards better positioning farmers to feed themselves. The goals include increasing food productivity, building processing plants and broadening access to markets to provide long-term foods security. Research, development and expansion of agricultural programs are most critical. The public dollars pledged to this effort remain little part of what is needed. The share of World Bank landing going to agriculture is down from about 30% in 1978 to less than 10%, according to the International Food and Agriculture Trade Policy Council. While charitable foundations, nonprofit groups and private-sector companies are putting billions into programs, without the huge funding fromPart BDirections: You will hear a passage about Microsoft’s Vision of Future. Answer the questions 6-10 while you listen. Use not more than 5 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions.How will technology change the future and make the world a better place? Microsoft offers some surprisingly interesting ideas in a video released last Thursday. Microsoft “envisions a world in five to ten years where every”conceivable surface is a computer display–from leaf-thin smart-phones to “sleek offices where workers video conference on huge computer monitors”. In the video, a business traveler landing in Johannesburg, South Africa, uses her eyeglass to translate different languages and find a taxi. Simple piano music is the background soundtrack to the video, which is full of new concepts. The video has caused quite a buzz in the IT world. “Say what yo u will about Microsoft’s execution in developing cool products and services consumers want,” says Jay Greene at IT website CNET, who claims it “a clever glimpse into the possibilities for future technology”.Much of the technology in the video exists today, even if it’s in a nascent form. “Microsoft has many pieces of the puzzle to put the technological vision in place. But so, too, do rivals such as Apple and Google,” Greene says. “And those competitors have often beaten Microsoft and grabbed massive shares of key markets. So while the vision is clever, Microsoft is not alone in pursuing it.” Damon Poeter at points out that cool as Micr osoft’s vision is, it’s “not totally original”. Some of the ideas have been featured in sci-fi movies. And “Nobody ever writes anything original in the future, they just cut-and-paste existing text in visuallyDirections: Questions 11-13 are based on the following passage about Plant Fever. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for questions 11-13.Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature-taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest problems. Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showingwhere plants were running “fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.11. When will plants emit an increased amount of heat?A. They are sprayed with pesticides. C. They are in poor physical condition.B. They are facing an infrared scanner. D. They are exposed to excessive sun rays.12. In what way can we use infrared scanning to apply pesticide spraying precisely?A. To estimate the damage to the crops. C. To measure the size of the affected area.B. To draw a color-coded map. D. To locate the problem area.13. How can farmers save a considerable amount of pesticide?A. By resorting to spot-spraying. C. By transforming poisoned rain.B. By consulting infrared scanning experts. D. By detecting crop problems at an early date. Directions: Questions 14-16 are based on the following passage about Modern Building and Health. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for questions 14-16.It is being increasingly recognized that the way many modern buildings are constructed and maintained is leading to poorer health among the people who work in them. The main problem is the way that air is handled. In the past, it was possible to open a window for a relief from the smoker at the next desk. Nowadays, however, many buildings are sealed because air-conditioning and ventilation are supposed to eliminate problems. But, as the frequent black streaks on the ceiling near air vents show, much of the dirt in the air is merely being recycled and therefore constantly breathed by the inhabitants of the building. Most office blocks have air ducts and vents running right through them. These can become full of dust and pollutants such as fumes from cigarettes and photocopiers and chemicals like formaldehyde leaking from carpets or adhesive from materials used to construct the building, and so on. These substances can stay in the air for years. Unfortunately, energy conservation can make the problem worse. Switching off air-conditioning and heating at night causes condensation. This creates the damp conditions that help bacteria and fungi to grow. When the system comes on again in the morning, they are sprayed into the building. One third of buildings operate on perpetually recycled air. One study has claimed that 80% of air-conditioned office blocks are “sick”-in other words, staff complain of headache, allergies, rashes, nausea and lethargy. However, other studies have shown that workers in normally ventilated offices sometimes have the same symptoms. Thus there must be factors other that air-conditioning which are also to blame.14. What is the biggest factor leading to poorer health in modern building?A. air conditioningB. stressC. allergic materialsD. poor air exchange15. What is the effect for switching off air-conditioning and heating at night?A. It’s good for energy conservation and people’s health.B. It causes condensation at night and products bacteria.C. It wastes electrical energy.D. It can stop the growth of health.16. According to the passage, which of the following descriptions about air-conditioning in modern buildings is right?A. Air condition is harmful to health.B. Air conditioning is not the only factor for people’s headaches.C. Workers in air-conditioned offices are painful.D. Switching off air conditioning can help purify the air in the office.Directions: Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage about Sporting Activities. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for questions 17-20.Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goalmouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers. Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use-that of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival. The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequencer, but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against prey that were no longer essential to their survival, to be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.17. What dose the author think about sporting activities?A. Sporting activities are forms of biological development.B. Sporting activities are essentially forms of taming the prey.C. Sporting activities have actually developed from hunting.D. Sporting activities have changed the ways of hunting.18. In a football game, what is equal to the pray in the hunting?A. any member of the opposing teamB. the goal-mouthC. the goal keeperD. the football19. For over a million years, basically what were our foregathers?A. co-operating hunters ,B. successful farmersC. runners and jumpersD. skillful sportsmen20. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. It is farming that gives human beings enough leisure time for sporting activities.B. Farming is very important in human civilization because it saves human beings from risks and uncertainties of hunting for survival.C. It is hunting that provides human beings with much simpler ways of obtaining meaty meals.D. Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern man to exercise hunting skills which his forefathers developed for survival.。
医学博士考试01-06试题 加详解
2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。
2012医学考博试题
2012上海交大瑞金医院病理生理试题一、名词解释1.DIC2.ARF3.MS4.saline resistance alkalosis5.endoplasnic reticulum stress6.false neurotransmitterpensatory antiinflammation response syndrome8.oncosis?二、判断（全英文，10分）三、单项选择?（30个，30分）1.dehydration分型的依据：细胞外液渗透压?2.Rb蛋白功能丧失会导致：细胞增殖异常?3.P53突变会引起：我好像选的B?4.细胞调亡的内源性诱导因子：细菌病毒?5.炎症反应的共同信号机制是：TNF-?α6.容易导致脑静脉破裂的是：高渗性脱水7.GAS警觉期分泌减少的是：胰岛素?8.Acute phase protein能清除异物和坏死组织的是：CRP?9.通过吸氧能明显改善的是:功能性分流（还有选项循环性缺氧，这个不确定）10.高温持续期的热代谢特点：～平衡?11.IRI的始动环节：自由基损伤12.细胞损伤会出现：胞内Na浓度升高?13.MODS的主要原因：感染、休克?14.心律失常导致心衰的机制：心肌舒缩功能不协调15.Obstructive ventilation disorder的原因：非弹性阻力增加（不确定）?16. COPD导致呼吸困难的机制：呼气时等压点上移17.ARDS不会出现的病理特征：肺组织坏死?18.呼衰导致肾功能障碍的机制：肾血管反射性收缩19.肝功能障碍导致出血的机制：凝血因子合成减少?20.不是脑血管兴奋与抑制神经递质的是：NE?21.与肝纤维化最密切的是：星状细胞?22.Keto-acidosis常见于：严重饥饿和酒精中毒?23.低钾血症引起心肌兴奋性增高的机制：purkinje静息电位负值减小24.一患者?PH 7.48 PaCO2 22.6 HCO3 19,见于哪种酸碱平衡：混合型（呼碱合并代酸）四、多选1.CO中毒导致缺氧的机制2.reperfution arrthymia 的影响因素3.胰岛素信号传导障碍可以见于哪些环节4.CRP致AS的机制五、简答题1.DIC晚期导致出血的原因和机制（4分）2.内毒素血症导致MODS的原因和机制（4分）3.脂毒素增多见于哪些情况，有哪些机体代谢变化（6分）4.休克代偿期的定义（2分），动脉血氧分压<80mmHg，导致ARF的机制和尿成分变化（4分）六、病例分析（全英文，10分）我再补充一下：二、英文判断题：具体内容记不清，一共10个，能记起来的大概相关题目是：高血钾时心电图的变化；发热与EP的概念；紫绀的概念；心肌顿抑的相关内容；肾性贫血的原因五、简答还有一个：心肌细胞肥大导致心脏收缩功能减低的机制六：病例分析，全英文，用中文回答：10分。
历年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题
2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题patr II vocabulary31.An enormous number of people in the world’s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation____A. capacitiesB. facilitiesC. authoritiesD. warranties32.Family-planing clinics give out ___advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families.A..insensitiveB.interrogativeC.contraceptivemunicative33.Caffeine is the ___drug that will just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.A.miracleB.mythC.trickD.legend34.Today investigators are still far from ___ a master map of the vasculature of the heart.A.constitutingB.decodingC.draftingD.encoding35.I have never seen a more caring, ___ group of piople in my life.A.emotionalB.impersonalpulsorypassionate36.By the time I reached my residency, I ___ treated the patient as a whole human being.A.yearned forB.broke intoC.pass forD.made for37.We now obtain more than two-thirds protein from animal resources, while our grandparents ___only one-half from animal resources.A.originatedB.digestedC.deprivedD.derived38.Obesity carries an increased risk of ____.A.mortalityB. mobilityC.longevityD.maternity39.The best exercise should require continuous ___ , rather than frequent stops and starts.passionB.accelerationC.frustrationD.exertion40.Environmental officials insist that something be done to ___ acid rain.A.curbB.sueC.detoxifyD.condemn41.It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland .A.take inB.make upC.cut downD.bring about42.To begin with ,it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.A.explainB.opposeC.representD.propose43.Politicians often use emotional rather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions and ideas.A.applicableB.favorableC.sensitiveD.reasonable44.Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.A.observeB.appraiseC.appreciateD.induce45.Through live television电视实况转播, the world is now able to witness historical events as they happen.A.reserveB.confirmC.perceiveD.transmit46.Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country’seconomic problems.A.indefiniteB.indispensableC.infiniteD.insignificant47.I don’t know how you could have left out the most important fact of all.A.omittedB.fabricatedC.pinpointedD.embraced48.Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.A.formulationsB.standardsC.principlesnD.notions49.There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.A.regainB.relievingC.reversingD.rectifying50.To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map.A.markB.allocateC.eraseD.posepart III close (10%)You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily 51 may change: you find yourself52 and active at night; you sleep late into the day, when most others are working .You stay in your room and have little contact with people53 with those who speak your language .In your mind, you criticize the piople around you ----they are rude, loud, unfriendly, uninformed,concerned with insignificant things, 54stupid; you complain about them to any friends you have. You became55 when you can’t go into a restaurant and order the type of food you realy like; you get angry when the TV news contains mostly U.S news and very little about events that are important to you. You are constantly making comparison between life here and the perfect life56 home.Above all, you are homesick almost all the time.If you ever find yourself behaving in ways 57 these, you are brobably suffering culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological 58 that sometimes has physical effects.It affects piople who have moved away from an invironment where they know how to live 59 a new environment where much is unfamiliar to them---the food, the weather, the language, and especially the 60 rules for social behavior that few people are consciously aware of .51.A. way B.pattern C. method D.track52.A.sleepy B.happy C.awake D.sad53.A.for B.lest C.besides D.except54.A.even B.merely C.indeed D.rather55.A.offended B.uninterested C.frustrated D.isolated56.A.here B.there C.back D.away57.A.the same as B.different from C. similar to D.familiar with58.A.situation B.condition C.reflection D.position59.A.in B.at C.within D.into60.A.unwritten B.written C.spoken D.secretepassage oneScience is the 4-year pursuit of knowledge that every high school teenager must live through. I often ask myself, when will I ever need to use this stuff when I grow up? The answer is clearly , probably never. I doubt that I will ever need to know the chemical formula of dichromate, or how to correctly identify a combustion reaction.However,where would we be today, whithout science? Without the great minds of Einstein and Newton, where would we be? How would I be able to writer this essay on the computer ,if there was no science? Would I be alive today? Would humankind survive through the year snd still be around today? Or dogs be the masters of humans? Would we be still the dominant species on the Earth?So many questions arise because the human race depends on the advancement of science. We are dependent on Nabisco to make that cookie you love, 99.99% fat free, that video game company to come out with the anniversary game cartridge you want to play so badly , and that car company to alter the headlights of the car and call it the “new” 98 car.where would we be whithout science? We depend on our researchers to make new vaccines and doctors to make us the way we want to be.We depend on them to make us “prettier”,to perform triple bypass, to make sure nothing goes wrong when they operate upon us. Doctors depend on science just as much as we depend on science. Lawyers are constantly depending on doctors not knowing their science so they can get rich quick. Just look how much our society depends on the advancement of science.Science, in a way , keeps our society from falling apart. In our society science is everywhere. Science takes part in our everyday life more than we think. We need science progress so that we can simply make it through a day. When most people think of science , they think of it as a laboratory ,white coats, and mixing all different-colored chemicals untill something blows up. But the fact is that science is a way of life and our future.61.The author’s probable answer to the question where we would be today, without science is___A.it hard to imagineB.we would nowhere to findC.let’s see what happensD.not every question has an answer in the world62.From the cookie to the car,the author is trying to tell us that science____A.would be nowhere without humansB.is picking up its developing paceC.raise so many present problemsD.is shaping our world63.The author impies that science____A.is making doctors and lawyers the richest people in our societyB.does not involve every professionC.needs us as much as we need itD.is benefiting everyone64.The author seems to draw a conclusion that science____A.does rather than it isB.is ubiquitous in our lifeC.does not exist in a laboratoryD.is not appreciated in the publix65.The author is most probably___A.a studentB.a socialistC.a professor of scienceD.a free-lance writer of sciencepassage 2Osteoporosis used to be called “the silent disease’’because its victims didn’t know they had it until it was too late and they suffered a bone fracture. Today, doctors can identify osteoporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether.For post-menopausal woman, the most common medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy. Boosting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skeleton and reduces the risk of hip fracture.Unfortunately ,it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the of breast cancer.To passby such side effects, researchers have developed several alternative treatments. Synthetic estrogens called Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators(SERMs) emulate estrogen with slight modifications.Another drug ,alendronate reduces spine, hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin. Each of these alternatives has trade-offs ,however. Patients must talk with their doctors to decide which therapy is best for them.The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle. And the best to do this is in childhood, when most bone mass is accumulated.Because bodies continue building bone until about age thirty, some experts believe that women in their twenties can still increase their bone stength by as much as 20 percent.Calcium, which is available in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables, is essential for preventing osteoporosis. So is Vitamin D , which aides calcium absorbtion. Vitamin D comes from sunlingt, but dietary supplements may be helpful in northern climates and among those who don’t get outside.The final component is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that body puts on it.These are the simple steps that can help make “the silent disease”truly silent.66.Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis____ed to effective in post-manopausal womanB.is most frequently priscribed by doctorsC.works perfectly on post-manopausal womenD.is most likely to be avoided for its side effects.67.The best treatment for osteoporosis , according to the passage.___A.is Selective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorsB.is chosen by the patientC.possesses no side effectsD.is of individuality68.To preventing osteoporosis, a healthy lifestyle should be adopted____A.as early as childhoodB.when one is in his twentiesC.after bone mass accumulate stopsD.as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosed.69.By making “the silent disease” truly silent, the author means that the actionssuggested____A.can be the best therapy for osteoporosisB.can help eradicate osteoporosisC.can help prevent osteoporosisD.all of the above.70.The author of this passage focuses on the____of osteoporosisA.alternative treatmentsB.early diagnosisC.treatments and preventionD.resulting damagespassage 3If you are caught in a downpour, it is better to run for a shelter than walk, reaserchers in the US advise. This may sound obvious, but an earlier study in Britain suggested that you would get just as wet as walking.In 1995, Stephen Belcher of the University of Reading and his students calculated how much water falls on top of your head and how much you sweep up on your front as you move forward. Obviously, you would get wetest standing still, and less wet the faster you moved. But the Reading team found that the benefits of running faster than about 3 meters per second—which they described as a walking pace---were tiny.Thomas Peterson and Trevor Wallis ,meteorologists at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, had a hunch that this was wrong.They realized that the Reading team had overestimated the average walking pace, so they reworked the calculations for a walking pace of 1.5metres per second and a running speed of 4 meters second.Peterson and Wallis conclude in the latest issue of weather that a walker would get 16 per cent wetter than a runner over a distance of 100 metres in drizzle. In heavy rain ,this would rise to 23 per cent.When the reseachers allowed for the way that runners tend to lean forward, sheltering the front of their bodies but increasing the rainfall on their backs, they found that a walker would get 36per cent wetter than a runner in heavy rain.Not content with theory alone, Peterson and Wallis decided to test their ideas. “If verification requires an ＄80million satellite, one may have to forgo verification,”says Peterson . “But if it involves a simple experiment, that’s another matter.” Peterson and Wallis are roughly the same size, Wearing identical clothing, one ran 100 metres in heavy rain and the other walked.They weighed their clothes before and after the experiment. This showed that the walker had absorbed 0.22kgs of water,while the runner had soaked up only 0.13 kgs. This is about 40 per cent less ,in line with the model’s predictions.Belcher says that his team’s work was a bit of fun, and that apart from the confusion over what a typical walking speed is ,their results were similar to those of Peterson and Wallis. “I’m delighted to see that their experiments gave results in qualitative agreement with the model,” says Belcher.But why not just take an umbrells? For anyone thinking of taking the easy way out, Wallis has a warning: “Running with an umbrella has a negative impact on your aerodynamics”71.The reading team and the American meteorologists presented different results ininvestigating___A.how far people can run per second in a downpourB.the benefits of running for shelter in a downpourC.whether people can run fast in a downpourD.the average walking pace in a downpour72.According to the American researchers, the Reading team made an error in calculating___A.the average walking paceB.the amount of rainfallC.the time and distanceD.the running speed73.Which of the following, according to the American researchers, gets the least wet?A.Running in drizzleB.walking in drizzleC.Running in heavy rainD.walking in heavy rain74.They verified their model predictions by experimenting___A.on themselvesB.with satelliteC.on the twins of the same sizeD.with sophisticated calculating devices75.The simila results ,according to Belcher ,refer to___A.the amount of rain water absorbedB.the average running speedC.the average walking paceD.all of the abovepassage 4Englisher speakers pick up pitch in the right hemisphere of their brains, but speakers of certain other languages perceive it on the left as well.It all depends on what you want to learn from pitch, Donald Wong of the Indians School of Medicine in Indianapolis told the meeting last week.Earlier studies have shown that when an English speaker hears pitch changes, the right prefrontal cortex leaps into action. This fits in with the idea that emotive nuances of language---which in English are often carried by the rise and fall of the voice----are perceived on the right.But in “tonal” languages like Thai, Mandarin and Swedish, Pitch not only carries emotional information,but can also alter the meaning of a word .Wong and his colleagues suspected that a speaker of tonal language would register pitch in the left side of the brain---in particular Broca’s area ,which processes the linguistic content of language.To test this , the team asked English speakers and Thai speakers to listen 80 pairs of Thai words, and tracked the blood flow in their brains using positron emission tomography.The volunteers had to decide whether the two words sounded the same, either by consonant or by tone ,In some cases, the words had on intelligible meaning.None of the words was emotionally charged, so even when Thai speakers could understand them, there was no right-side activation.But sure enough the Thai speakers could consistently lit up the left sid e of the brain, especially Broca’s area, while the English speakers did not.The researchers are now planing to repeat the experiment with Thai speakers using whole sentences, complete with emotional information. “Both hemispheres will be engaged,” pred ict Wong.76.The reason why pitch is registered on the right hemisphere, according to the passage, is that __A.belongs to the English language exclusivelyB.is an emotive nuance of language nuance n.细微差别C.can be easily heardD.is a regular sound77.When the emotion-free words were heard in the test____A.were registered on the English speakers’ right hemisphereB.slowed down the blood flow in the volunteers’ brainsC.activated the Thai speaker’s left hemispheresD.sounded the exactly the same to the volunteers78.A tonal language____A.possess no pitchB.carries pitch with dual functions双重职能C.is superior to the English languageD.holds more linguestic content than English.79.In Wong’s future expetiment ,the volunteers____A.will use either their right or left hemispheresB.will use both English and a tonal languageC.will listen to emotionally-charged sentencesD.will listen to more pairs of emotionally-charged words80.What is the passage mainly about?A.Two hemisphere to the sound of speechB.Two functions of pitch in languageC. Two hemisphere of the human braimD.Two languages and two hemispheresPassage 5We are all members of a culture. How we interpret the reality around us ,what we consider to be reasonable statements and behavior ,and what we believe to be health and illness all stem from the culture we share with some people and not with others. Those whose cultural experiences differ from our own will also differ in their belief and interpretions of reality.We are all rooted in an ethnic group as well, even if this group is simply the so-called “majority” of white, middle cla ss, protestant heritage .The degree to which we identify with an ethnic past will vary according to the strength with which family tradition has maintained that identity,and to the degree that the family chooses to assimilate into the larger society. The e xtent of an individual’s or a family’s identification with an ethnic heritage is as important as the specific features of that heritage.American society is ethnically and culturally diverse, and community healthnurse will find themselves practicing in communities that reflect this diversity.A particular family or a whole community may belong to an ethnic or cultural group very different from the nurse’s own. Those community nurses who are most sensitive to variations in clients’ beliefs and behaviors will be most effective in promoting their wellness.Community health nurses can achieve this sensitivity by examining their own culture in order to understand how it colors their world view and their interactions with individuals, families, and communities.Recognizing the clients individuals as well as members of a larger culture, nurses will reje ct stereotypical views of clients’ ethnic groups that can impede communication and diminish their effectiveness. Indeed, culture mediates all social encounters, including those between nurse and client ,and its study can enhance the effectiveness of health care services.81．We live in the social enviroment ___A.without different cultural experiencesB.of the same behavior and beliefC.with a shared cultureD.of the same race82．The author is mainly talking about in the second paragraph___A.assimilation into a large societyB.identification with an ethnic heritageC.the conflict between identification and assimilationD.the contradiction between an ethnic group and the majority83．According to the passage, a nurse cannot function well in a community___A.that reflects ethical and cultural diversityB.without asimilating into its ethnic heritageC.that is sensitive to his /her beliefs and behaviorsD.without recognizing its ethnical and cultural diversity84．Community health nurses are supposed to ____A.be sensitive to variations in clients’ beliefs and behaviorsB.abandon the stereotypical views of clients’ groupsC.examine their own cultureD. all of the above85．Which of the following can best summarize the general idea of the passage?A.identification with and assimilation into ethnic groupsB.Novel and stereotypical views of ethnic groupsmunicatio and communityD.culture and health care.passage 6I’m in the unusual position of being both a computer scientist and a professional musician. On the computer side, I’m best known for my work virtual reality, a term I coined in the early 1980’s , As a musician I write, perform,and record my own work. Canons for Wroclaw, a concerto I created for virtual instruments, was performed last December by the Chamber Wrchestra of Wroclaw ,Poland.All of this means that I have a few deeply felt ideas about Napster, the free software millions of people use to share their music collections over the Internet. Big media companies see Napster as theft because they can’t collect royalties when people use it. So they have asked the courts to kill it. As I write this , a settlement seems to be emerging. Napster will probably begin to charge for its services and pay royalties to at least some record companies.Whatever happens, the legal decisions surrounding Napster are important for resons that transcend the music business and extend to our basic concepts of what it means to be free in a democracy. I believe the anti-Napster forces have failed to foresee dangerous implications of their course of action. They don’t understand what I call the Law of the Exclude Digital Middle:Digital tools can be either open or closed but resist being anything in between .An open digital tool is one that can be used in unforeseen ways. A tool like e-mail ,meant to send text, might also---surprisingly ---be used to send music.A closed tool is one in which there are technical resteictions that prevent unforeseen uses. The advantage of open tools is that more people can create new things with them;consequently,they tend to be more innovative.Closed tools are usually created because it is thought they will be more profitable: An owner can control them well enough to enforce bill collection. Of course, the open software movement energetically promotes the idea that innovation ends up generating more money than control does.86．The Napster issue___A.is one concerning copyright infringement of violationB.is a dispute bewteen music companies and the coutC.has been settled in favor of music loversD.will result in a boom of sales for music companies87．The designer of an open digital tool hardly knows___A.the risks it may encunterB.the potential ways of its usageC.the number of its usersD.the amounts of its net profit88．People who use closed digital tools end up____A.making huge profitsB.creating new techniquesC.paying for servicesD.facing legal punishment89．It implied that owners of digital tools will make more profits by___A.encouraging innovationsB.proteching copyrightsC.control costsD.charging customers90．The attitude of the auther towards the anti-Napster action is ___A.supportiveB.ambiguousC.indifferentD.negative2002FATMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A 50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A 60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C 70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C 80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.2003年part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone inEnglish.A.frustratedB.depressedC.approvedD.distracted32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmittedC.attributedD.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine againstpolio.A.accomplishmentB.qualificationC.eminenceD.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailedD.accustomed36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulationB.under considerationC.on handD.at stake37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesomeB.dietC.tastefulD.edible38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown upB.piled upC.put onD.taken on39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegibleD.irrational40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denotingB.donatingC.relatingD.resorting41.Humans are using up the world’s natural riches at an alarming rate.A.appallingB.appealingC.alertD.abnormal42.Dring water in many areas of the developing world is contaminated with bacteria.A.purifiedB.multipliedC.taintedD.blended43.One of the most noticeable features of U.S society is the diversity of its people.A.libertyB.democracyC.vatietyD.origin44.The controversy about abortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twenty years.A.resentmentB.consensusC.notionD.dispute45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year.A.retrievingB.sprawlingC.consumingD.withdrawing46.The war’s impact on the population of the country was cat ast rophic.A.influentialB.dis ast rousC.apparentD.criticala47.His physican told him that not to take much of the drug because it was very potent.A.bitterB.irritantC.effectiveD.powerful48.Certain drugs can cause transient side effects ,such as sleepiness.A.permanentB.residualC.irreversibleD.fleeting49.Nervous illness may stem from being treated inconsiderately in childhood.plainB. give rise toC.originate inD.dominate over50.Both a person’s heredity and his surroundings help to shape his chacter.A.formB.correctC.modifyD.improvePart III Cloze(10%)There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy ＄100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to 51 . The bank lost ＄20,000 on the 52 that it cannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and , for another, 53 under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed ＄20,000 54 . Not bad for a fifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than 55the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in his grandfather’shouse , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crisp banknotes looked very 56 but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy57 straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashers did not realize that the country in 58 had reduced the value of its currincy by 90%, they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate.In three days, before he was found out, he took ＄20,000 from nine different banks. 59,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal , concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he was generous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the bank shave 60 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost jobs.51.A.pay off B.pay up C.pay for D.pay out52.A.principle B.criterion C.custom D.deal53.A.to be B.having been C.being D.is54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefit mission55.A.sending B.transmitting C.delivering D.dispatching56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual D.priceless57.A.came B.pull C.headed D.pushed58.A.problem B.question C.talk D.saying59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately C.Particularly D.Amazingly60.A.kissed goodbye to B. got rid of C.lived up to D.made forPart IV(30%)Passage 1In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing., wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminablywithout them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the caccines created by doctors, disease such as polio , measles,hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition , science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance,the light bulb,electricity,the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of认识到this or not.61．In the first paragraph the author implies that we____A.would not survive without science。
医学考博英语 听力原文 历年
医学考博英语听力原文历年The Medical Doctoral English Listening Test is a challenging examination that requires a high level of English proficiency. Many candidates find the listening section to be particularly difficult, as it requires not only a strong grasp of the language, but also the ability to comprehend complex medical terminology and concepts. This can be especially daunting for non-native English speakers, who may struggle to keep up with the rapid pace of the audio recordings and the specialized vocabulary used in medical contexts.One of the main challenges of the Medical Doctoral English Listening Test is the need to quickly and accurately understand spoken information. The test often includes recordings of lectures, discussions, and patient-doctor interactions, all of which require different listening skills. For example, candidates may need tofollow a detailed academic presentation on a medical topic, understand a conversation between healthcare professionalsdiscussing a patient's condition, or interpret a dialogue between a doctor and a patient. Each of these scenarios demands a different set of listening abilities, including the capacity to identify key points, understand nuanced language, and infer meaning from context.In addition to the linguistic demands of the test, candidates must also possess a strong foundation in medical knowledge and terminology. This is because the listening passages often cover a wide range of medical subjects, from anatomy and physiology to pharmacology and patient care. Understanding the specialized vocabulary and concepts related to these areas is crucial for accurately interpreting the information presented in the audio recordings. For non-native English speakers, this adds an extra layer of complexity to an already challenging task, as they must not only comprehend the English language, but also the medical content being discussed.Furthermore, the time constraints of the test can also pose a significant obstacle for many candidates. The listening section typically consists of a series ofrecordings, each followed by a set of questions that must be answered within a specific time frame. This means that candidates must not only understand the information being presented, but also do so quickly and efficiently in order to have enough time to answer the accompanying questions. For non-native English speakers, who may need extra time to process and comprehend the spoken language, this can be particularly challenging.Another aspect of the Medical Doctoral English Listening Test that many candidates find difficult is the need to maintain focus and concentration throughout the duration of the test. The listening section can be mentally taxing, as candidates are required to listen attentively to detailed and often complex information for an extended period of time. This can be especially challenging for those who struggle with attention or concentration, as well as for non-native English speakers who may find it more difficult to sustain their focus while listening in a second language.Finally, the pressure of the test itself can alsocontribute to the difficulty of the listening section. The Medical Doctoral English Listening Test is a high-stakes examination that can have a significant impact on a candidate's future career prospects. As a result, many candidates experience heightened anxiety and stress during the test, which can negatively affect their ability to perform well, particularly in a challenging section like the listening component. This is especially true for non-native English speakers, who may already feel additional pressure due to the language barrier.In conclusion, the Medical Doctoral English Listening Test presents a range of challenges for candidates, particularly non-native English speakers. From the need to quickly and accurately understand spoken information to the demand for a strong foundation in medical knowledge and terminology, the listening section requires a high level of linguistic and cognitive abilities. Additionally, the time constraints, the need for sustained focus, and the pressure of the test itself can further complicate the listening experience. As such, it is important for candidates to prepare thoroughly for this section of the examination, andto develop strategies for managing the various challenges it presents.。
北京大学2012年考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
北京大学2012年考博英语真题及详解Part One:Listening Comprehension(略)Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(15%)Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.11.A survey has found that three quarters of men quite enjoy their food shoppingexperience and are happy to_____their way around the aisles searching out products.A.driveB.steerC.navigateD.voyage【答案】C【解析】句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性相当享受自己购买食物的过程，而且喜欢在超市过道来回穿梭搜寻产品。
navigate绕过；导航。
steer引导；驾驶。
voyage远航；旅行。
12.We’ve seen a_____trend of consumers saying they will spend more,fromholiday shopping to2012travel plans,and spending plans for Feb14are no exception.A.consistentB.persistentC.insistentD.resistant【答案】A【解析】句意：我们已经看到，无论是假日购物还是2012年旅游计划，消费者一致倾向于消费更多，并且2月14日的消费计划也不例外。
2012年英语试博士试题
Ⅰ.Complete each of the following sentences with the best answer. (0.5’*40)1.Until he took off his glasses __________.A. I didn’t recognize himB. I hadn’t recognized himC. didn’t I recognize himD. hadn’t I recognized him2.We can __________ that after some time our farmers will be able to __________ international competition.A. expect; fit themselvesB. presume; adjust toC. assume; adapt toD. suppose; get used to3. A good reader can tell the difference between words that sound __________, and know ____________ to usethem.A. like; why and howB. alike; why and whereC. like how and whereD. alike; when and how4.90 percent of all English writing ____________ 1,000 basic words.A. is consistedB. consist ofC. consists ofD. consisted5.____________ to develop his talent, Adam could become an excellent artist.A. AllowedB. AllowingC. Being allowedD. Have been allowed6.Don’t ever drive past a hitchhiker, ____________?A. will youB. don’t youC. do youD. can you7.As a senior professor she should have known better ____________ to get involved in such a scandal.A. and notB. but notC. thanD. than not8.His power was seriously ____________ by a succession of crises, and when he died, a bitter power struggle____________.A. weakened; was ensuedB. eroded; ensuedC. damaged; followedD. reduced; occurred9.Leonardo da Vinci ____________ caged birds in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A. was said to buyB. is said to buyC. has said to buyD. is said to have bought10.In China, customers pay far less for a DVD than ____________ countries.A. those in manyB. in manyC. those in many otherD. in many other11.____________dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A. AlthoughB. whateverC. AsD. However12.The party, ____________I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which13.If only I ____________ play the guitar as well as you!A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. might14.It’s high time we ____________ cutting down the rainforests.A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stopD. stop15.The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____________ impossible to comprehend.A. has foundB. was findingC. had foundD. would find16.Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone____________ an opportunity to hear the speech.A. ought to haveB. must haveC. may haveD. should have17.I am surprised____________ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you should thinkB. by what you are thinkingC. that you would thinkD. with what you were thinking18.Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not____________ for her work.A. enough goodB. good enoughC. as good enoughD. good as enough19.It is imperative that the government ____________ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has tond belongs to the city; there is ____________ thing as private ownership of land.A. no such aB. not suchC. not such aD. no such21.My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk____________far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as22.The statistics ____________ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A. provesB. is provingC. are provingD. prove23.There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ____________ the spoilt ones.A. not countingB. not to countC. don’t countD. having not counted24.It was ____________we had hopedA. more a success thanB. a success more thanC. as much of a success asD. a success as much as25.There used to be a petrol station near the park, ____________?A. didn’t itB. doesn’t thereC. usedn’t it?D. didn’t there26.It is an offence to show ____________ against people of different races.A. distinctionB. differenceC.separationD. discrimination27.A great amount of work has gone into ____________ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A. refreshingB. restoringC. renovatingD. renewing28.The thieves fled with the local police close on their ____________.A. backsB. necksC. toesD. heels29.The economic recession has meant that job____________ is a rare thing.A. securityB. safetyC. protectionD. secureness30.Many people nowadays save money to ____________ for their old age.A. caterB. supplyC. provideD. equip31.The tone of the article ____________ the writer’s mood at the time.A. reproducedB. reflectedC. imaginedD. imitated32.The job of a student accommodation officer____________ a great many visits to landladies.A. concernsB. offersC. asksD. involves33.Our family doctor’s clinic ____________at the junction of two busy roads.A. restsB. standsC. staysD. seats34.She was so fat that she could only just ____________ through the door.A. assembleB. appearC. squeezeD. gather35.After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ____________.A. leakingB. tricklingC. prominentD. noticeable36.The reception was attended by ____________ members of the local community.A. excellentB. conspicuousC. prominentD. noticeable37.Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but ____________slightly in the afternoon.A. regainedB. recoveredC. restoredD. revived38.His ____________ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A. richB. quickC. productiveD. fertile39.The couple has donated a not____________ amount of money to the foundation.A. inconsiderableB. inconsiderateC. inaccurateD. incomparable40.I hear that it is estimated that the number of people ____________ less than one dollar a day has____________ one billion worldwide.A. relying on; gone up toB. living on; exceededC. depending on; reached overD. living with; surpassedⅡ.Proofreading and error correction (1’*10)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline it and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “︿” sign and write the missing word in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary w ord with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Many artist today are in what is called applied art. They usetheir ability in advertise, interior decoration, or some similar job. 41. ________ But people in business which hire the artists for that kind of wok 42. ________say that simple artist ability is not enough. There are lots of young 43. ________people who have that. But not enough of them who know anything 44. ________about physics, or mechanical things, or math.To be a druggist you have to study chemistry. You can’t learnchemistry without knowing something about algebra.How about a nurse? One of the requiring subjects in a course of 45. ________nursing is known to “materia medica”. In “materia medica” you’ll46. ________learn how to figure out doses and prepare for medicines. Algebra is 47. ________important in doing the figuring. Too many student nurses flunk outof the course because of their weak math.It’s the same for many trades. If you want to be a crafts-man, 48. ________a machinist, a molder, and a patternmaker, you’ll need algebra and49. ________geometry and even trigonometry.Even you want to go into business for yourself, you’ll need50. _______math. Business today, whether it is running a little gas station or abig factory, takes good management. Good management takes mathematics.Ⅲ.Reading comprehension (2*20)Text AAmerica’s most relentless examiner, the Educational Testing Service, has developed computer software, known as E-Rater, to evaluate essays on the Graduate Management Admission Test. Administered to 200,000 business school applicants each year, the GMAT includes two 30-minute essays that test takers type straight into a computer. In the past, those essays were graded on a six-point scale by two readers. This month, the computer will replace one of the readers with the proviso that a second reader will be consulted if the computer and human-reader scores differ by more then a point.It’s one thing for a machine to determine whether a bubble has been correctly filled in, but can it read outside the lines, so to speak? Well, yes and no. E-Rater “learns” what constitutes good and bad answers from a sample of pregraded essays. Using that information, it breaks the essay down to its syntax, organization and contents. The software checks basics like subject-verb agreement and recognizes phrases and sentence structures that are likely to be found in high-scoring essays.Of course, the machine cannot “get” a clever turn of phrase or an unusual analogy. “If I’m unique, I might not fall under the scoring instructions,” concedes Frede ric McHale, a vice president at the GMAT Council. One the other hand, E-Rater is mercilessly objective and never tired halfway through a stack of essays. The upshot: a pretrial tests, E-Rater and a human reader were just as likely to agree as were two read ers. “It’s not intended to judge a person’s creativity,” says Darrel Laham, co-developer of the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a computer-grading system similar to E-Rater. “It’s to give students a chance to construct a response instead of just pointing at a bubble.”That won’t reassure traditionalists, who argue that writing simply can’t be reduced to rigid adjective plussubject plus verb formulations. “Writing is a human act, with aesthetic dimensions that computers can only begin to understand,” says David Schaafsman, a professor of English education at Teachers Colleges of Columbia University. The Kaplan course, a leader in test prep, has taken a more pragmatic approach: it has issued a list of strategies for “the age of the computerized essay.” One of its tips: use transitional phrases like “therefore”, and the computers just might think you’re Dickens.51.E-Rater is described as __________.A. a substitute for GMATB.America’s most relentless examinerC. a machine to grade bubble-filling papersD. a computer-grading system52.In paragraph two, the expression “read outside the lines” refers to the ability to __________.A.understand student essaysB.report scoresC.recognize a wrong bubbleD.judge a person’s creativity53.Frederic McHale implies that if the test taker is unique, he would __________.A.get a top gradeB.get an average gradeC.be at an advantageD.be at a disadvantage54.It seems that Professor Schaafsman agrees with __________.A. traditionalistsB. Darrell LahamC. supporters of E-RaterD. the Kplan course designers55.What is the implied meaning of “the computer just might think you’re Dickens”?A.It thinks you are great at tests.B.It thinks you are doing great.C.It thinks your essay is with great wording.D.It thinks your essay is written by Dickens himself.Text BAt some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don’t act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like theU.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”.It’s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America’s fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.56. From the passage we can infer taboo is__.A. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible.B. a crime committed on impulse.C. behavior considered unacceptable in society’s eyes.D. an unfavorable impression left on other people.57. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat” __ in American society.A. will always remain a taboo.B. is not considered a taboo by most people.C. has long been a taboo.D. may no longer be a taboo some day.58. The topic of fat is __ many other taboo subjects.A. the same asB. different fromC. more popular thanD. less often talked about than.59. Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is__.A. their changed life-style.B. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful.C. their appreciation of the importance of exercise.D. the encouragement they have received from their companies.Text CA 1990 United Nations survey revealed that the more highly developed countries spend an average of 2to 3 percent of their annual budgets on crime control, while developing countries spend even more, an average of 9 to 14 percent. Increasing the size of the police force and providing it with better equipment takes priority in some localities. But results are mixed. Some Hungarian citizens complain: “There are never enough policemen to catch the criminals but always enough to catc h traffic violators.”Many governments have recently found it necessary to pass tougher crime laws. For example, since “kidnapping is on the rise across Latin America,” says Time magazine, the governments there have responded with laws that are “at once vigorous and ineffectual… Passing laws is one thing,” it admits, “applying them another.”It is estimated that in Britain more than 100,000 neighborhood watch schemes, covering at least four million homes, existed in 1992. Similar programs were implemented in Australia in the mid-1980s. Their aim, says the Australian Institute of Criminology, is to reduce crime “by improving citizens’ awareness about public safety, by improving residents’ attitudes and behavior in reporting crime and suspicious events in the neighborhood and byreducing vulnerability to crime with the help of property identification and installation of effective security devices.”Closed-circuit television is used in some places to link police stations with commercial premises. Video cameras are used by police, banks, and stores as a crime deterrent or as a tool for identifying lawbreakers.In Nigeria the police have checkpoints on highways in efforts to apprehend robbers and carjackers. The government has set up a task force on trade malpractices to combat fraud. Police-community relations committees made up of community leaders inform the police of criminal activity and people of questionable character.Visitors to the Philippines note that homes are generally not left unattended and that many people have watchdogs. Businessmen employ private security guards to protect their businesses. Anti-theft devices for cars sell well. People who can afford to do so withdraw to tightly secured subdivisions or condominiums.The London newspaper the indep endent commented: “As confidence in the rule of law falls, citizens are organizing the defense of their own communities in increasing numbers.” And more and more people are arming themselves. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that every second household owns at least one gun. Governments are constantly developing new methods of combating crime. But V. Vsevolodov, of the Academy of Home Affairs in Ukraine, points out that according to UN sources, so many gifted people are finding “unique me thods of carrying on criminal activity” that “the training of law enforcement personnel” cannot keep up. Clever criminals funnel huge sums of money back into businesses and social services, merging with society and “gaining for themselves high positions in society.”60. What is the main reason for citizens to take in hand the defense of themselves?A.there are not enough policemenB.they do not trust the rule of lawC.the police force is inefficientD.security devices do not work61. A neighborhood watch scheme will probably do all the following EXCEPT ___________A. helping to install anti-theft devicesB. raising citizens’ consciousness of community safetyC. helping citizens to claim a lost propertyD. encouraging citizens to report suspicious events62. According to the author, the outlook for ending crime is _______________A.rosyB.unclearC.hard to describeD.bleak63. According to the Time Magazine, the measures taken by governments in Latin America _____________.A. will have much effect at onceB. focuses on increasing the size of the police forceC. are intended to catch more traffic violatorsD. are seemingly strong but will have little effectText DIt has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. But after more than a century of investigation,the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear. For example, the sunspot cycle and the allied magnetic-polarity cycle have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainfall, temperature, and winds. Invariably, however, the relation is weak, and commonly of dubious statistical significance.Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). The Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however, especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scientists have also sought evidence of long-term solar periodicities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil records of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to confirm the cycle’s past existence.If consistent and reliable geological or archaeological evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. Currently, there are two models of solar activity. The first supposes that the Sun’s internal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. In short, the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years. The alternative explanation supposes that the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this model, the solar mechanism dependent on t he Sun’s magnetic field runs down more quickly. Thus, the characteristics of the solar-activity cycle could be expected to change over a long period of time. Modern solar observations span too short a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar activity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon.64. The author focuses primarily on ______________ .A.two competing scientific models concerning the sun’s magnetic fieldB.an overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physicsC.the reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been solvedD.the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial climate with solar activity65. According to the passage, for which of the following reasons are the late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Chinese records important?A.They contradict the theory of the Maunder minimumB.They suggest that the Maunder minimum cannot be related to climateC.They verify the existence of a span of unusual cold worldwide during the Maunder minimumD.They show that the European observations are of dubious statistical significance66. On which of the following assumptions is based the belief that tree-ring thicknesses show links between solar periodicity and terrestrial climate?A.Solar-activity cycle existed in its present form during the period in questionB.Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to speciesC.Tree-ring thickness varies with changes in terrestrial climateD.Both terrestrial climate and solar-activity cycle randomly affect tree-ring thicknessText EThe first time I saw Stephen Leacock at close quarters he came swinging into a classroom in Moyse Hall, the serenely ugly old Arts Building of McGill University in Montreal. The room was packed with undergraduates like me who had come with huge curiosity to listen to their first lecture on political science by a man whose humorous writing had rocked the English-speaking world with laughter, but who was a campus character for very different reasons.Leacock enjoyed a reputation for eccentricity and for an impish individualism that expressed itself in blunt speech on every subject. Naturally we looked him carefully.What we saw was a shock of graying hair crowning a rugged face that wore a friendly smile, emphasized by crinkles of mirth about the ey es. I remember thinking, “He could use a haircut.” His necktie had slipped its moorings, and his tweedy suit looked slept-in. Across his vest his watch chain had come apart in the middle and had been put together with a safety pin. The effect was of a man who gave no thought to his appearance. But his manner was far too buoyant to suggest the absent-minded professor.His apparel was topped by one of those loose, black gowns professors wore in those days. Leacock’s had been acquired about the time he received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1903. Even though the garment was showing signs of wear in 1914, it was still one of the essential properties of his play-acting. At least a dozen times during every lecture it would slip off his shoulders and seize him by the crook of his elbows. Without pause in the flow of talk and motion——he was a walking lecturer——a great shrug of the shoulders would hoist the gown part way into place.Leacock was tremendously proud of his Chicago Ph. D., but it was inescapably in character that he must spoof it. “The meaning of this degree,” he quipped in a lecture, “is that the recipient has been examined for the last time in his life and pronounced full. After this, no new ideas can be imparted to him.” In similar vein, after returning from a holiday abroad he told his class, “I was sitting quietly in my cabin when a steward knocked and, after making sure I am called Doctor, asked if I would come and look at the stewardess’s knee. I was off like a shot, but another fello w got there ahead of me. He was a Doctor of Divinity.”What came through to me, even in the first lecture, was Leacock’s warmth and humanness. I knew I was listening to a man who loved young people and was determined to give them as much wisdom as he could. His teaching methods were unconventional. He couldn’t resist the temptation to explore bypaths. In discussing the days of Queen Victoria, he mentioned Disraeli, and this set him off to talk about the man rather than the Prime Minister——his way of living, his quick mind, his dilettantism, his great love affair with his wife. The digression lifted the great statesman into a framework of his own and, when Leacock returned to the main line of his subject, the listener understood, in a way no textbook could inform him, how such a man could bring off the coup which gave Britain control of the Suez Canal and made the Empire impregnable for decades to come.67. Stephen Leacock could be described as all the following EXCEPT _____________.A.careless about his appearanceB.witty and eloquentC.an inspiring professorD.an absent-minded person68. Leacock’s account of being summoned to look at a stewardess’s knee _________________.A.tells us that he was always ready to help othersB.indicates that he was an incompetent doctorC.reveals that he was very proud of his degreeD.shows that he could playful sometimes69. Speaking of Disraeli, a conventional professor would probably have ______________.A.focused on his accomplishments as a statesmanB.talked about his family lifeC.explored the little-known aspects of the personD.looked at him from a fresh perspective70. Which of the following statements about Disraeli is NOT true?A. Disraeli once served as Prime Minister in the days of Queen Victoria.B. Disraeli was the biggest shareholder of the Suez Canal CompanyC. Disraeli contributed to making the British Empire the most powerful countryD. Disraeli was instrumental in Britain’s successful control of the Suez CanalⅣ.Translation (15’)Chinese-to- English translation. (8’)澳门在地理位置上靠近港、台地区及东南亚各国。
2012首都医科大学医学考博试题解析
2012首都医科大学医学考博试题解析2012 首医普外科考博专业基础及专业课真题系统解剖学名词解释：1.阴部管；2.Glisson system；3.Sympathetic trunk；4.chorda tympani；5.房室交界区；6.vincula tendinum；7.Mesenteric sinus；8.Dentale line；9.Cisterna chyli；10.Ansa cervicalis；简答题：1.人体器官中有哪些器官有三个狭窄，其临床意义分别是什么？2.髋关节的构成及运动。
3.男性尿道的特点，与女性尿道的区别，4.维持子宫位置的装置有哪些。
5.咽肌及吞咽动作。
6.胃的毗邻和动脉供应，7.眶上孔、食管裂孔及梨状肌下孔分别有何组织穿过。
论述题：1.简述肺门、肺根及肺段的概念及其组成。
2.肾窦、肾段及肾蒂的概念与组成。
二、解剖名词解释1 翼点2 肾窦3 气管杈4 蛛网膜粒5 肩袖6 局部淋巴结7 Nelaton线8 Gllison系统9 胸膜顶10 会阴浅隙11 内囊12 窦房结（太多了还有3个记不得了）问答题1鼻旁窦的组成及开口2舌神经的支配及分布3躯体四肢痛觉的传递线路4手背静脉药物注射到达阑尾的途径5肝外胆道组成及胆汁排出途径还有1、2个分析题1、关于腹股沟斜疝气形成的解剖基础；手术部位；切口经过的层次；手术修补材料2、甲状腺随吞咽上下移动的解剖基础；甲状腺手术的手术切口选择；手术经过的解剖层次；手术注意避免损伤的组织器官。
福建医科大学心胸外科第一部分为外科总论单选题40分第二部分为专业问答题60分1、右室双出口室间隔缺损的解剖特点。
2、代偿性酸中毒的治疗原则。
3、食管癌术后吻合口瘘的原因及治疗原则。
4、左向右分流的先心病有哪些，其病理生理特点。
5、冠心病冠脉搭桥手术的手术指针及急诊搭桥手术的手术指针。
6、主动脉夹层的分型及治疗原则。
有两道不会，记得比较清楚，Hybrid技术在心脏外科的应用进展10分；心房纤颤射频消融术的线路用图表或文字表述；ECMO（名词解释）武汉大学心胸外科名词解释：OPCABG，鲁登巴，SWITCH，BARETT食管，TAUSSIG-BING畸形简答：何为右向左分流心脏病，举例５个深低温停循环的概念并举例说明其意义食管癌的转移途径主动脉夹层的DEBAKEY分型问答；主动脉夹层的外科治疗进展纽约心功能分级及心衰分级的临床表现2012武汉大学第一临床学院心胸外科专业试题没有总论的部分，全部是心胸外科专业的题目一名词解释漏斗胸马方综合征连枷胸心肌缺血再灌注艾森门格尔综合症二问答题开放性气胸的急救要点易于和肺癌混淆的疾病有哪些急诊开胸的手术指针吞咽困难的检查方法法洛四联症的病理解剖和症状ERC的适应症和并发症(结肠代食管术）微创心胸外科的应用有哪些同济医科大学2001年胸心外科（博士）一必答题（15*2）1 试述创伤的代谢变化及其临床意义2 溶血反应的发病机理及病理变化二选答题（每人必选一题，但是不能选本专业试题，否则没有分数10分/题）1 胃癌淋巴转移途径2 试述开放性骨折的处理原则3 阴囊内肿块常见于哪些疾病？如何诊治？4 急性颅脑损伤的诊治处理原则5 张力性气胸的处理原则6 试述施行活体供脏器移植的基本条件和要求（六）胸心外科一名词解释（4分/题）1 胸出口综合征2 肺错构溜 3 血气胸4 法乐四联症5 Edstein畸形二问答题1 试述心肌保护方法的新进展（12分）2食管癌的临床病理分期和外科治疗的原则（15分）3 急性胸部损伤的综合处理原则（13分）同济医科大学2002年胸心外科（博士）外科学总论一必答题（30分）一名词解释（3分/题）1 脑再灌注损伤 2 中厚皮片二问答题（12分/题）1创伤后组织修复过程分为哪几个阶段？各阶段的主要特点是什么？2 试述肿瘤浸润与转移过程中的相关因素心胸外科一名词解释（4分/题）1 LABP 2 De Bakey(II)3 INR 4双向Glenn术5 Rastellir术6Bentall术二写出下列名词的正常值（2分/题）1激活凝血时间2 二尖瓣面积（成人）3 碱剩余4 潮气量5 全肺阻力6 尿游离血红蛋白7 左心射血分数二问答题（8分/题）1矫正型大血管转位传导系统的解剖特点？2比较法乐氏四联症与右心室双向出口的异同点？3 冠状搭桥术前危险因素的评估包哪些内容？4婴幼儿体外循环与心肌保护特点有哪些？同济医科大学2003年胸心外科（博士）一名词解释（5*2） 1 成人型呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）2全身性炎症反应综合征（SIRS）3 痈4 海绵状血管瘤5 负氮平衡二问答题（5*6）1 灭菌与消毒有何区别？2 高钾血症的原因有哪些？如何诊断和处理？3 简述肠外营养有哪些常见的并发症？如何处理？4 简述外科如何选择和使用抗菌药物？5 创伤后组织修复分几个阶段？简述其修复过程？胸心外科一名词解释（5*3）1急性排斥反应2 DebakeyIII型3 组织工程心脏瓣膜二问答题1 完全性大动脉错位的手术方式有哪些？（10分）2 气管。
2012医博统考听力题及原文
2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷试卷一(Paper One)Part ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. Aider you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I fell faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B ● DNow let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. The woman’s condition is critical.B. The woman has been picking up quite well.C. The woman’s illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D. The woman won’t see the doctor any more.2. A. A broken finger. B. A terrible cough.C. Frontal headaches.D. Eye problem.3. A. She needs a physical examination. B. She is in good health.C. It’s good to have a doctor friend.D. It’s good to visit the doctor.4. A. He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.B. He prefers to get antioxidants from food.C. He doesn’t mind eating a lot every day.D. He is overcautious sometimes.5. A. The blouse is a bargain. B. The blouse is too expensive.C. The blouse is colorful.D. The blouse is so fashionable.6. A. To queue for a ticket. B. To take man’s offer.C. To buy a ticket online.D. To try an agency.7. A. She disagrees with the man.B. She couldn’t agree with the man more.C. It’s hard for them to fulfill thei r plans.D. It’s impossible to get money from the Gates Foundation.8. A. One minute. B. Fifteen minutes.C. Half an hour.D. Five minutes.9. A. She is freezing cold. B. She is crazy about ice cream.C. She has a headache.D. She has brain fever.10. A. She can’t wait for the man. B. She is very eager to see the man.C. She will go to the USA with the man.D. She expects the man to stay.11. A. A cold. B. A headache.C. A hoarse voice.D. Insomnia.12. A. To go to Susan for advice. B. To try to think like Susan.C. To break up with Susan.D. To have a date with Susan.13. A. She will become a famous singer soon. B. She will become an American idol.C. She will sign up for a talent show.D. She will surely stand out from the crowd.14. A. To take a month off work. B. To rest in bed as much as possible.C. To take some herbal medicine.D. To put on plaster.15. A. The Chinese face cream. B. The American face cream.C. The French perfume.D. The medication.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. White blood cell count. B. Red blood cell count.C. X-ray.D. ECG17. A. Too much work to do. B. A heavy load of studying.C. Her daughter’s sickness.D. Her insufficient income.18. A. Leukemia. B. Gastric ulcer.C. Immune disease.D. Gastric influenza.19. A. Take the white tablets three times a day. B. Take the charcoal tablets three times a day.C. Take one or two white tablets at a time.D. Take two charcoal tablets a day.20. A. Stay off work. B. Drink plenty of liquids.C. Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.D. Postpone your exercise when sick.Passage Two21. A. 35million. B. 34million. C. 25million. D. 20million.22. A. Author, professor and dreamer. B. Writer, professor and insomniac.C. Author, psychologist and insomniac.D. Dramatist, psychologist and scientist.23. A. Sleeping in 8-hour consolidated blocks. B. Sleeping during day time.C. Going to bed soon after dark.D. Two blocks of 4-hour sleep with a waking break.24. A. Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.B. Because they sleep very little.C. Because they are insensitive.D. Because they can’t complain.25. A. Sleep is highly variable, and wears out with age. B. Falling asleep is a gradual process.C. Sleeping less will help you lose weight.D. People need to sleep eight hours a day.Passage Three26. A. Eight-year-olds. B. Twelve-year-olds.C. Seventeen-year-olds.D. Adults.27. A. The use of f MRI. B. The use of computer tasks.C. The three-way division of the subjects.D. The instructions given to the subjects.28. A. 12-year-olds respond strongly to negative feedback.B. 12-year-olds function the same as 8-year-olds.C. 8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.D. 12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.29. A. Not bad. B. Excellent.C. Not so good.D. Got it wrong this time.30. A. Scientists. B. The general public.C. Teachers at the kindergarten.D. Children with Attention Deficit Disorder. 2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案与解析Pan ⅠListening ComprehensionSection A1. 【B】此题考点为细节信息再现。
全国医学博士外语统一考试解析培训ppt课件
W: Hello.
M: I’ve got a young woman, a 30-year-old woman referred up by her GP with a kind of perineal abscess for about 10-15 days.
W: Right.
M: She’s been on antibiotics and basically it needs to be incised. Can you take her?
全国医学博士外语统一考试解析
13 13
Conversation 10
W: Cindy just got divorced.
M: So soon! She got married only last summer.
W: Well, she found out that her husband was not the millionaire she thought he was.
全国医学博士外语统一考试解析
99
Conversatiwhat can I do for you?
M: I was wondering if you had the results.
W: Oh, yes, the results. We’ve got them.
全国医学博士外语统一考试解析
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Conversation 12
W: Why didn’t you come to work yesterday? M: I was feeling a little under the weather. W: Did you go to see the DOC? M: No, nothing serious. Q: Why didn’t the man go to work yesterday?
博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及参考答案
博大考神2012年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及参考答案收集：博大教育专家来源：/article-5948.html?page=4第四部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce alife-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激励) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium(细菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.l Human interferon(干扰素)-- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.l Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷尔蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.l Human insulin(胰岛素)-- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.31. This passage is mainly aboutA. the effects of altering cells.B. the human growth hormone.C. insulin resistance.D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.【答案】：A32. Genetic enginerring may be defined asA. the altering of normal cell reproductionB. a branch of applied chemistry.C. a procedure that holds little promise.D. a study on life-saving enzymes.【答案】：A33. According to the passage, human interferonA. is a hormone that causes disease.B. could be used to treat cancer.C. is a viral diseaseD. has been cured【答案】：B34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presentedA. as a process.B. in a simple list.C. from earliest to latest.D.as a story.【答案】：B35. In the last paragraph, the word "weighed" has the cloest meaning withA. had great influenceB. became a burden.C. considered carefully.D. measured accurately.【答案】：C第二篇Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海区) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lt's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.36、who lived in Puerto Rico firstA.the AfricansB.the SpanishC.the AmericansD.the Taino people【答案】：D37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers toA.immigrationB.Caribbean historyC.the island’s natural beautyD.Puerto Rican cuisine【答案】：D38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cookingB.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto RicanC.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influencesD.African foods have probably had the most influence 【答案】：C39、How is sofrito used?A.It is eaten before mealsB.It is added to other dishesC.It is used where foods are too spicyD.It is eaten as a main dish【答案】：B40、 which of the following is NOT true?A.softito is a type of extremely spicy foodB.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicyC.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppersD.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper【答案】：A第三篇Eat healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-pla te club1!’’ Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it’s accompanied by an appeal：“Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!2" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.4 Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University; told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It’s not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their platehardly seems like a good deal.5 They live frompaycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents.41、Parents in the United States tend to ask their childrenA.not to waste food at mealsB.to save food for tomorrowC.to wash the dishes cleanD.not to eat too much at meals【答案】：A42、American restaurants serve large portions because AmericansA.have big belliesB.value quantityC.want enough nutritionD.are mostly rich【答案】：B43、what happened in America in the 1970S?A.The restaurants began to serve smaller portionsB.Health experts advised people to eat lessC.May American tried to get slimD.the America waistline started to expand【答案】：D44、what does the survey indicate?A.20 percent Americans want smaller portionsB.57 percent Americans earn $150.000 per yearC.Low-income American prefer large portionsD.23 percent Americans earn less than $25.000per year【答案】：C45、which of the following is NOT true of walking class Americans?A.they live from paycheck to paycheckB.they don’t have the habit of saving moneyC.they work long hoursD.the want to be healthy eaters【答案】：B服务：博大考神作为专业的职称英语培训中心，结合多年的培训经验，提供职称英语考试全套信息服务和考试资料。
2000-2012医博统考英语听力题解析原文汇总
2000-2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题此汇总一共12套，98页查找规律，找到应试感觉2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Section ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1.A. Heart attacks B. Strokes C.Drug addiction D.Cerebral haemorrhage2.A. About 860, 000 B.About 1. 5 millionC.About 1/2 of the total populationD.About 2/3 of the total population3.A. Easy to use B.Safe C.Economical D.Fast actingTalk Two4.A. Students B.Teachers C.Social workers D.Doctors5.A. They took a long-term course of social sciencesB.They took a one-day course of psychologyC.They rendered assistance to the disabledD, They explored the world of the handicapped6.A. To understand the handicapped B.To create compassion for the neededC.To share difficulties with the poorD.To take care of the disabled7.A. An insight into the psychology of the disabledB.More knowledge about needs and feelings of the handicappedC.Respect for the disabled for their abilitiesD.All of the aboveTalk Three8.A. The President and the hospital B.A visit to the hospitalC.President Abraham LincolnD.Lincoln and a wounded soldier9.A. Writing down a letter for him B.Dictating a letter for himC.Typing a letter for himD.Posting a letter for him10.A. The President signed the letterB.The President held the soldier’s hand tightlyC.The young man went peacefully through to his end.D.The young man recognized Lincoln.2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk OneAn important new study reports that doctors now have a new drug called TPA for heart attacks. It may be better than any other heart drugs. Many doctors have been using a drug called streptokinase, which sometimes causes problems to patients. It can even cause bleeding in the brain. Streptokinase can save about 1/3 of the people with heart attack. But TPA will save about2/3. This means many people. About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year.One reason TPA can help more people is because of time. This new drug is easier and faster to use. It will give doctors more time in hospitals. Then they can study the problem well. People with heart problems can also keep some TPA at home. When a heart attack starts, they can take some TPA right away. Then they will have time to get to the hospital. This is important because about 860, 000 people in the United States die before they get to the hospital.There is another reason why TPA is good news for people with heart attacks. According to the study, it is much safer. It does not cause other problems like streptokinase. TPA works only on the heart. It does not have an effect on the blood or cause bleeding.Doctors plan to do more studies about TPA. They need to test this new drug on many more people with heart attacks. But in a few years, many doctors and hospitals will probably start using this exciting new drug.1. What problem can streptokinase cause?2. According, to the talk, how many Americans have heart attacks every year?3. Which is at mentioned as an advantage of TPA?Talk TwoSitting in wheelchairs, limping in special shoes and wearing glasses which stop them from seeing properly, thirty students from the City University of Hong Kong spent a day exploring the world of the handicapped. They were taking part in a one-day course journey into compassion, to help them to understand the problems faced daily by the handicapped. Student affairs officer, Rebecca Chen said it would help create a caring campus community. Ms Chen was inspired by a magazine article on how doctors and hospital in the United States were able to appreciate the psychology of the patients better after they themselves were treated as patients. The idea is that the direct experience of the situation should be the first step to learning rather than study theory.Students were sent out in pairs, one handicapped and one observer, to complete a list of every-day tasks. This included borrowing books from a library, exchanging money at a bank and buying a ticket at a railway station. Social work student, Carina Lin, said she could never have imagined how simple task become real challenges for the disabled. "After sharing some of their experiences today, I have become much more aware of the needs and feelings of the handicapped". Another student said that the experience has taught her to appreciate the ability of the handicapped. Many on the course seemed to have gained an insight into the psychology of the physically handicapped. But there was still much work to be done.4. Who were the participants of the program?5. What did they do according to the talk?6. Why did they take part in the program?7. What did the young people gain in the program?Talk ThreePresident Abraham Lincoln often visited hospitals to talk with wounded soldiers during the Civil War. Once doctors pointed out a young soldier who was near death and Lincoln went over to his bedside."Is there anything I can do for you?" asked the President.The soldier obviously didn’t recognize Lincoln, and with some effort, he was able to whisper: "Would you please write a letter to my mother?"A pen and paper were provided and the President carefully began writing down what the young man was able to say:"My dearest mother, I was badly hurt while I was doing my duty. I’ m afraid I’ m not going to recover. Don’t grieve too much for me, please. Kiss Mary and John for me. May God bless you and father. "The soldier was too weak to continue, so Lincoln signed the letter for him and added, "Written for your son by Abraham Lincoln. "The young man asked to see the note and was astonished when he discovered who had written it. "Are you really the President?" he asked."Yes, I am, " Lincoln replied quietly. Then he asked if there was anything else he could do."Would you please hold my hand?" the soldier asked. "It will help me to see it through to the end. "In the hushed room, the tall gaunt President took the boy’s hand in his and spoke warm words of encouragement until death came.8. What is the story about?9. What did the president do for the young man?10. What happened at the end of the story?Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 %)Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurant for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc, sometimes present problems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.In many instances it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check: You "go Dutch. " This is often the case with friends in informal situations, such as "Let’s go get a beer" or "Want a cup of coffee T" In some parts of the country, however, some people like to entertain friends by taking them to a restaurant for a dinner instead of having dinner at home. In this case, the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be declined by the host. If so, just let the matter drop, If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as: "Let’s go to Green willow for dinner", it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill. If you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit: "I’d like to take you to Green willow. " Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friend’s advice if you are not sure.2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection A Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the fight answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1. A. It’s a symbol of strength and courage. B. It’s a symbol of power and independence.C. It’s a symbol of competence and courage. D It’s a symbol of strength and confidence.2. A. The polluted fish killed 3, 000 of them. B. Insects poisoned so many of them.C. Pollution greatly reduced their number.D. Pesticides made them extinct.3. A. The bird is not adored any more.B. The bird does not eat the poisonous fish.C. The bird begins to lay fewer and fewer eggs.D. Measures are being taken to save the bird.Talk Two4. A. To go sightseeing in the town-center. B. To lose his way intentionally.C. To pay a visit to the suburb.D. To wander about the streets.5. A. To know more of the city. B. To practice the language.C. To get to know his way around the suburb.D. To while away the hours.6. A. He was unable to find his way back.B. A policeman could help him with his problem.C. He failed to communicate with the policeman.D. All of the above.7. A. The policeman showed him the railway station.B. He found the place where he lived.C. He was misled to a wrong place.D. He decided to stay in the country.Talk Three8. A. A case of active euthanasia. B. A case of passive euthanasia.C. A case of prostate cancer.D. A case of community medical service.9. A. His prostate cancer. B. The right time.C. His wife’s idea.D. Three signatures.10. A. Painfully. B. Apathetically. C. Peacefully. D. Angrily.Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words read on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediateattractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always 1 for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds 2 by industry—which is naturally far more concerned with 3 because these increase profits quickly—the funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to 4 . Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Development will 5 prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making 6 will be lost. Un-fortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon 7 science, tend to 8 the quality of the nation’s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. "2001全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection ATalk One1. A 录音讲到美国获得独立之后American leaders将bald eagle定为a symbol of their country，因为it’s a bird of strength and courage。
2012年山东大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年山东大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. WritingGrammar1．All the major cities of the United States, ______the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico, began as centers of the trade.A．and to includeB．which includingC．includedD．including正确答案：D解析：本题考查句子结构和动词形式。
根据题干，主语为cities，谓语为began，可初步判断空格处应该填入非谓语动词形式或者从句。
B选项中which可引导定语从句，但including为非谓语形式，不可充当定语从句的谓语，故不能选。
由此可知，including为现在分词结构，表示“包含”，符合句法要求。
2．Settled by English Puritans in 1630, Boston became______.A．the capital of the Massachusetts Bay ColonyB．the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capitalC．it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay ColonyD．so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony正确答案：A解析：本题考查句子结构。
该句空格处应该填入became的表语，只有A和B符合要求。
B选项of结构表达错误，故本题正确答案为A。
3．Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine______they are heading.A．the direction in whichB．to where the directionC．that direction of whichD．where the direction正确答案：A解析：本题考查句子结构和定语从句。
全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。
2.试卷一（paper one）和试卷二（paper two）答案都做在标准答题卡上，书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between two speakers. At the end of each conversion, you will hear a question about what is said. The question willbe read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerADNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. She’s looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. She’s going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2. A. She hears noises in her ears day and night.B. She has been overworking for a long time.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.3. A. He’ll go to see Mr. White at 10:30 tomorrow.B. He’d like to make an earlier appointment.C. He’d like to cancel the appointment.D. He’d like to see another dentist.4. A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C. 8:40 D. 8:455. A. In a hotel. B. At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D. In the department store.6. A. To resign right away.B.To work one more day as chairman.C.To think twice before he make the decision.D.To receive further training upon his resignation.7. A. She didn’t do anything in particular.B.She send a wounded person to the ER.C.She had to work in the ER.D.She went skiing.8. A. A customs officer. B. The man’s mother.C. A school headmaster.D. An immigration officer.9. A. It feels as if the room is going around.B.It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C.It feels as if she is falling down.D.It feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B.John himself should be blamed.C.John has a dog that barks a lot.D.John is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.The math homework is difficult.D.The math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B. His broken leg.C. His skin problem.D. His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox and measles.B.Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C.Whooping cough, smallpox and German measles.D.Whooping cough, chickenpox and German measles.14. A. Saturday morning. B. Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon.D. Next weekend.15. A. He’s lost his notebook.B.His handwriting is messy.C.He’ll miss class latter this week.D.He cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an operation.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D.He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.He was suffering from influenza.D.He had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful.C. Couldn’t be better.D. Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.To move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B. From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D. From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleep deprivation.B.The link between weight gain and sleep deprivation.C.The link between weight loss and physical exercise.D.The link between weight gain and physical exercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B. More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080.D. More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 5-hour ones.B.Five-hour sleepers gained more weight over time than 7-hour ones.C.Short-sleepers were 15% more likely to become obese.D.Short-sleepers consumed fewer calories than long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B.Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C.Lower metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.D.Higher metabolic rate resulting from less sleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B. Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D. Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B.She asks too many questions.C.She is always considerate of my feelings.D.She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.27. A. A university instructor. B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student.D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.They usually wait and see.D.They usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.They are psychologically dependent.D.Their brains are still immature in some areas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.Say no to your teen when necessary.D.Don’t care about your teen’s feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statements are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by the police.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. streetlightD. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.A. suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can nolonger be satisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported by from foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protect the property rights of the patent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligentD.intelligible38. Officials are supposed to themselves to the welfare and health of the generalpublic.A. adaptB. confineC. commitD. assess39. You should stop your condition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown his remarkably keen into human nature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrase. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for theunderlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.The chemical was found to be detrimental to human health.A. toxicB. immuneC. sensitiveD. allergic42.It will be a devastating blow for the patient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43.He kept telling us about his operation in the most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity of even the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honestyD. talent45.He left immediately on the pretext that he had to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. talent46.The nurse was filled with remorse of not believing her .A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48.Whether a person likes a routine office job or not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49.The doctor ruled out Friday’s surgery for the patient’s unexpected complications.A. confirmedB. facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled50.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.A. cautiousB. motionlessC. calmD. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choice marked A, B, C and D listed on the right side. Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normal weight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only61 pounds.A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman’s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may become dependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposely C. particularly D. passionately52. A. from B. of C. at D. in53. A. kill B. starve C. abuse D. worsen54. A. When B. While C. As D. Since55. A. lost B. derived C. generated D. synthesized56. A. what B. why C. how D. which57. A. good B. high C. lower D. poor58. A. represent B. make C. present D. exert59. A. medication B. illusion C. motion D. action60. A. habit B. behavior C. disorder D. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobile phone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it’s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,” he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardous——which they haven’t yet ——it would be sensible.”In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it’s hazardous,” he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children’s exposure would be greater. “There’s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so children’s heads are considerably closer,” he says.Stewart’s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Mich ael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that it’s difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm humantissue, according to the government report, does not mean that .A. the government should prohibit children from using cell-phonesB. we should put down the phone for the sake of safetyC. the industry can have a right to promote phone useD. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in termsof .A. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell-phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible health effects63. On the issue in question, Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in the wayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that the UK .A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stesart’s planB. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones’ energy emissions65．Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passage?A . Brain Wave B. For Adults OnlyC. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the AirPassage TwoAdvances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile’s ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要人),voluptuous nudes, ormiddle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples(酒窝)of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the”Smiley Face”logo perfected(though not invented)in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R.Ball.In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to bi openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk(假笑)of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public.”Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile ,”and therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, boby piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’s beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These comer-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except” Have a nice day？”66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A . people would not have been as happy as they are todayB. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declinedC . there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile or not in the portraits orpictures is decided by .A. one’s internal sense of the external worldB . one’s identity or social positionC . one’s times of existenceD . All of the above68. Trumble’s study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB . the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB . further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70 . At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB . an identical smile for everybobyC . future changes in life styleD . the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian of microbiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler’s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s g enerally accepted that it was no good,” says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy(危险的) position as Hitler’s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.” And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?Wainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.“I have proof the Allies were sending it to these countries,” says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons(阶层)of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.”“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life,” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler’s henchmen(死党)，Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving acar-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,” says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler .A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an jinjection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, H itler’s personal doctor .A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third Reich .A. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.How Hitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?B.Morrell Loyal to His German Primier?C.Hitler Saved by Allied Drugs?D.Penicillin Abused in German?Passage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on itsown, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. “The smart thing is that we’ve put them in one machine.”And it’s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn’t fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body’s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight to give the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject’s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account ——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That’s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area——will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower——rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designed .A. to picture the body’s hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that .A. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential tospare?A. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C. A water tank.D. All of the above.79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner .A. quickens the pace of the patient’s rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is .A. take up a form of workout in the gymB. turn round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. sand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬) the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic(美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure.So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed.Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as “nerd”or “technocrats”, generalists are often criticized for being too “soft” or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的) accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵).81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see .A. the integration of theory with practiceB. the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge。
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力
全国医学考博英语统考试题听力听力题一：题目：How does the woman feel about her new job?听力材料：Woman: I really wonder what my new job is going to be like. I mean, I'm excited about it, but nervous too, you know? I mean, I've never worked in a place like this before.参考内容：The woman is excited but nervous about her new job. 听力题二：题目：What is the man's suggestion about the paper?听力材料：Man: You should probably add some more evidence to support your argument. Maybe you could include some statistics, or even an example or two.参考内容：The man suggests adding more evidence to the paper, such as statistics or examples.听力题三：题目：What does the woman say about the cake?听力材料：Woman: This cake is delicious! Is it a family recipe or something?参考内容：The woman thinks the cake is delicious and wonders if it is a family recipe.听力题四：题目：What will the woman probably do with the vase?听力材料：Man: I got this vase in China a few years ago. You can have it if you like. Woman: Oh, I don't know. It's really pretty, but I don't really have any use for it.参考内容：The woman thinks the vase is pretty but may not have any use for it.听力题五：题目：What does the man say about the essay?听力材料：Man: Your essay was very well-written. You could have expanded on some of your points a bit more, but overall, I thought it was great.参考内容：The man thinks the essay was well-written but suggests expanding on some points.听力题六：题目：What does the man imply about the woman's painting?听力材料：Woman: I don't know if I like this painting or not. Man: Well, it's definitely unique. I don't think I've ever seen anything quite like it before.参考内容：The man implies that the woman's painting is unique and unlike anything he has seen before.听力题七：题目：What does the woman say about her suitcase?听力材料：Woman: Excuse me, could you help me lift my suitcase into the overhead compartment? It's really heavy.参考内容：The woman asks for help lifting her heavy suitcase into the overhead compartment.听力题八：题目：What does the man say about the traffic?听力材料：Man: I don't think we're going to make it in time. The traffic is really bad today.参考内容：The man thinks they may be late because the traffic is bad.听力题九：题目：What does the woman think about the movie?听力材料：Man: So, did you like the movie? Woman: Yeah, I thought it was pretty good. Definitely not one of my favorites, but it was enjoyable.参考内容：The woman thinks the movie was pretty good but not one of her favorites.听力题十：题目：What does the man say about the weather?听力材料：Man: It's such a nice day today! I don't think we could have asked for better weather.参考内容：The man thinks it's a nice day and couldn't have asked for better weather.。
2001-2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案
PART 1SECTION A 1-5ACDBA 6-10ACADCSECTION B 1.far exceed those 2.devoted to research 3.applied aspects 4.drive out basic reasearch 5.invariably be undertaken 6.major scientific discoveries 7.pure 8.degradePART 2作文：在冬天锻炼身体PAPER TWO 1-5CCABC 6-10DBDCD 11-15DAABB 16-20CCADD 21-25DCACC 26-30CABAA 31-35CABAA 36-40BCCDB 41-45CCABB 46-50CDBDA 51-55CAADD 56-60CAACC 61-65DABDD 66-70CAADD 71-75CACDA2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5BCCAD 6-10BCCBC 11-15CDDCB 16-20ACBBA 21-25DDCCC 26-30ADACB 31-35BCACD 36-40CCCDD 41-45BDDBC 46-50DABAB 51-55BCDAC 56-60CCCAA 61-65ADDBA 66-70DDACC 71-75BAAAA 76-80BCBCD 81-85CBDDD 86-90ABCAD作文：如何保持充沛的精力2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DDBAB 6-10DCDBD 11-15BDDAA 16-20CADDD 21-25CDDAC 26-30DDBCD 31-35ABDCA 36-40DACCA 41-45ACCDD 46-50BDDCA 51-55BACAC 56-60BACBA 61-65CBCBC 66-70CBDAB 71-75DADCD 76-80BDCCA 81-85AADCB 86-90BCADB作文：健康从早餐开始2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5ABCCC 6-10BDADD 11-15ABCCD 16-20DACBA 21-25ABDCD 26-30ADCBC 31-35BADAB 36-40BABCB 41-45ACBDC 46-50DCADA 51-55ABDAB 56-60CAABC 61-65DCBDC 66-70DDCDB 71-75BDBCB 76-80BADAB 81-85BDCCA 86-90BDAAD作文：入世后看病如何挑医院2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1 -5 CACDA 6-10CDBCB 11-15CADBA 16-20DDBCB 21-25ABCBD 26-30CCDAD 31-35CABAA 36-40CADAD 41-45BACBA 46-50ABDCC 51-55BBABD 56-60ACACB 61-65BCB,B,C 66-70BDABC 71-75CACAB 76-80AADBD 81-85CBAAA 86-90DDDCB作文：艾滋病是全社会的威胁2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5 CBCDA 6-10BDDDC 11-15BAADB 16-20DDACD 21-25BCBAB 26-30BBDCC 31-35CDCCB 36-40BCBDA 41-45ACACA 46-50ACDDB 51-55BCACA 56-60BADBC 61-65DDDDA 66-70ACABD 71-75ACCCC 76-80BBAAD 81-86DBDBD 86-90DDB,B,C作文：走路与健康2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DBBAD 6-10ABDCB 11-15ADACC 16-20BADDA 21-25CBDAC 26-30ACACC 31-35ADBAA 36-40BCDAC 41-45ACBDD 46-50ABCDB 51-55BADBC 56-60CACAD 61-65BCBAD 66-70CACCC 71-75BBBDA 76-80B,B,CDC 81-85CDCAA 86-90DDAAD作文：手术与害怕2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CBACC 6-10CADBA 11-15CDBCD 16-20ADDCA 21-25ADBAB 26-30BDCDA 31-35ACCDB 36-40CBCCB 41-45BCDDB 46-50ADCBD 51-55BACDB 56-60CADCA 61-66DBCBD 66-70DBDDC 71-75CCDBD 76-80BCCBA 81-85ADBCD 86-90AACAA作文：珍爱生命从护心开始1-5DBCCB 6-10CBDAB 11-15DABAB 16-20DABCD 21-25B,B,CDD 26-30CCADB 31-35ACBBA 36-40DCBAB 41-45BACDB 46-50ADDDC 51-55BBAAC 56-60BBACC 61-65DCBDB 66-70ADDAD 71-75DACAC 76-80DCBBB 81-85CDDBA 86-90CCDCB作文：水果是否可吃可不吃。