考研英语红宝书——10年真题_部分9
2010考研英语真题答案(仅答案-完整)
2010年真题答案（多方答案不统一，仅参考）Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。
3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。
所以这里应选择C。
4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。
四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。
5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。
四个选项中有描述含义的是C项accounts。
6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。
Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。
7.D解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。
8.A解析：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。
所以选A。
9.C解析：be enough to do sth, 足够做某事，符合上下文。
10.D解析：by oneself 表示“独自地”，这里的itself 代指an awareness of ...。
11.C解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。
2010年考研英语真题及解析
2010年考研英语真题及解析Section I Use of English【文章综述】本文选自The Economist(《经济学家》，是一本专业报道商业和政治新闻的英文周刊), 原文题为Light Work; Questioning the Hawthorne Effect,（《照明效用：质疑霍桑效应》），刊登在该刊2009年6月4日的Finance and Economics（财政与经济学）专栏上。
其题材为科普知识类【考频4次】，文章介绍了著名的“霍桑效应”的产生过程及多年后人们对此所提出的质疑。
【试题连线】…………………………….…【选项分析】……………………………..….In1924 Awerica's National Research Councilsent two engineers to surpervise a series ofexperiments at a telephone-parts factory called theHawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they wouldlearn how shop-floor lightingworkers'productivity. Instead, thestudies ended givingtheir name to the “Hawthorne effect，”the extremely influential idea thatexperimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the woman in the plant.According to 5 of the experimenteda,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased ,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment；7 something was changed ,productivity rose ,A(n) 8 that were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analsis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in stone. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday ,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondaya. Workers 19to be diligent for the first few of the week in any case, beforeThis suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected影响[B]achieved 完成[C]extracted 提取；获取[D]restored 恢复2.[A]（ended）at 在某时刻结束[B]（ended）up 最终处于（意料之外的境况）；以……结束[C]（ended）with 以……结束[D] ended）off 结束3.[A]truth 真相[B]sight 看见[C]act 行为[D]proof 证据4.[A]controversial 有争议的[B]perplexing 令人费解的[C]mischievous 恶作剧的[D]ambiguous 意向不明的；模棱两可的5.[A]requirement 要求[B]explanations 解释[C]accounts 描述；叙述[D]assessments 评估6.[A]conclude 推断[B]matter 要紧[C]indicats 表明[D]work 起作用7.[A]as far as 至于[B]for fear that 唯恐[C]in case that 万一；以防[D]so long as 只要8.[A]awareness 意识；知道[B]expectation 期待[C]sentiment 情绪[D]illusion 幻想9.[A]suitable 适合的[B]excessive 过度[C]enough 足够的[D]aboundant 充裕的10.[A]about 关于[B]for 为了[C]on 关于[D]by（oneself）单独地11.[A]compared 比较[B]shown 宣示[C]subjected 使……遭受[D]conveyed 传达12.[A]Contrary to 与……相反的[B]Consistent with 与……相一致的[C]Parallel with 与…相应的[D]Peculiar to 特有的13.[A]evidence 证据[B]guidance 指导[C]implication 暗示；可能的影响（或结果）[D]source 来源14.[A]disputable 有争议的[B]enlightening 给人启迪的[C]reliable 可信的[D]misleading 误导的15.[A]In contrast 相比之下[B]For example 例如[C]In consequence 结果是；因此[D]As usual 像平常一样16.[A]duly 适当地；按时地[B]accidentally 偶然地[C]unpredictably 变幻莫测的[D]suddenly 突然地17.[A]failed（to do）未能做[B]ceased（to do）停止做[C]started（to do）开始做[D]continued（to do）继续做18.[A]Therefore 因此[B]Furthermore 此外；而且[C]However 然而[D]Meanwhile 同时19.[A]attempted（to do）试图做[B]tended（to do）往往会[C]chose（to do）选择做[D]intended（to do）打算做20.[A]breaking 打破；突破[B]climbing 攀升[C]surpassing 超过[D]hitting 达到【核心词汇】allege [əˈledʒ] v.断言，宣称；指控，辩解（al表强调+lege→表强调讲→宣称）;-ed,adj. 声称的；所谓的arise[ə^raiz]v.发生；产生；出现influential[influ^en∫l]adj. 有影响的interpretation[inʌtЗ:pri^tei∫] n.解释；说明plateau[ˈplætəu]n.高原,（发展、增长后的）平稳状态(时期);停滞时期（plat+eau名词后缀→平坦地）slack［slAk］a.懈怠的,松弛的;萧条的n.淡季;(pl.)便裤;-en,v.使松弛，使萧条surpervise [^su:pəvaiz]v. 监督；管理；指导systematic［sisti5mAtik］a.(systematical)系统的,有组织的，成体系的，有规律的;-ic,人或学科（表名词）【超纲词汇】duly[ˈdu:li] adv. 1. 正确地, 适当地,恰当的2. 按时地, 准时地,适时地shop-floor[∫op^flʌ:(r)]n.车间；工厂【常用词组】experiment on/upon 用………做实验give one’s name to以……的名字命名（新生的）事物go up(价格、水平等)上涨；上升；增长in store(for sb) 1. 储备着, 贮藏着2. 将要发生, 就要出现on record有记载的, 记录在案的, 公开发表的pin down 1. 把…固定住; 使动弹不得2. 迫使作出决定, 采取行动slacken off 松懈下来；减缓turn out 结果（是）；原来（是）【答案与详解】1.答案→A 考点→上下文关系与动词词义辨析。
最全面的考研复习资料
最全面的考研复习资料一般考研公共课的信息比较透明，每年的考纲大都在暑假期间公布，大家留意即可。
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所以大家可以在当年考纲发布之前，提前收集一些往年的试题，尽早进入复习状态。
新大纲发布后，可与当年大纲内容进行对比，重点注意变化内容，因为这些部分通常是考核的重点，每年的考研试题大都反映该年的变化。
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考研英语复习选什么参考书比较好
考研英语复习选什么参考书比拟好18考研已经吹起号角了，那么应该如何复习呢!下面是为18考研考生收集的英语复习推荐书，快来围观吧。
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最全面的考研复习资料
最全面的考研复习资料一般考研公共课的信息比较透明，每年的考纲大都在暑假期间公布，大家留意即可。
数学和英语——涉及这两个科目的大纲内容通常很少有较大的变化，偶尔遇到的一次较大改革，一般集中在题型和题型分值上，所考察的知识点及内容基本不变。
所以大家可以在当年考纲发布之前，提前收集一些往年的试题，尽早进入复习状态。
新大纲发布后，可与当年大纲内容进行对比，重点注意变化内容，因为这些部分通常是考核的重点，每年的考研试题大都反映该年的变化。
一、考研复习资料推荐（政治资料）红宝书——考研必备资料。
《命题人讲真题》——重点研究近几年的真题！快速定位考点、考题《考研政治真题汇编王》——汇编真题，自我检测，查漏补缺，夯实基础二、考研复习资料推荐（英语资料）1、考研英语一真题《考研真相》——英语一专用真题书。
逐词逐句逐题超细解讲解模式，帮助考生夯实基础。
2、考研英语二真题《考研圣经》——英语二专用真题书。
逐词逐句逐题超细解讲解模式，帮助考生夯实基础。
3、《考研英语一真题汇编王》、《考研英语二真题汇编王》——汇编1980年至今（共37年）的所有真题，适合任何基础的考研英语考生研读；三、考研复习资料推荐（数学资料）1、《数学复习全书》——基础全面，重点突出。
2、《基础过关600题》——全是填空和选择，相对简单。
3、《数学历年真题权威解析》（数学一、二、三）——重点研究近几年的真题！4、《考研数学一真题汇编王》、《考研数学二真题汇编王》、《考研数学三真题汇编王》——汇编整理30年考研数学真题，属最全的考研数学真题题库，是考研数学练习的最佳资料。
每个人知识水平有差异，适合别人的，不一定适合你。
所以考研辅导资料一定要依据自身情况来选择！考研英语二复习书推荐，大部分人都在用的：一、词汇：1.《非常词汇》适合人群：英语一和英语二通用推荐理由:??800个句子浓缩所有大纲单词，让你不再由A背到Z，背单词不再那么枯燥，记忆量大大变小了。
2010年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting大1家workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 大2家giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect", the extremely influential idea that the very 大3家to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 大4家behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 大5家of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 大6家what was done in the experiment; 大7家something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 大8家that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 大9家to alter workers' behavior 大10家itself.After several decades, the same data were 大11家to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments hasanother surprise store 大12家the descriptions on record, no systematic 大13家was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 大14家interpretation of whathapped. 大15家, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output大16家rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 大18家, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 大19家to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 大20家 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D]intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to w riters who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lif etime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents." Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too manypatents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语(二)十年真题(含答案)
考研英语（二）十年真题及答2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (1)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (10)2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (12)2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (22)2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (24)2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (34)2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (36)2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (45)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (47)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (56)2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (58)2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (68)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (70)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (80)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (82)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (92)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (94)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (104)2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题 (106)2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案 (117)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June11,2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic1by the World Health Organization in41years.The heightened alert2an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising3in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is"4"in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organization's director general,5the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the6of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global7in late April2009,when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths8healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to9in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade10warmer weather arrived.But in late September2009, officials reported there was11flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the12tested are the new swine flu,also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has13more than one million people,and caused more than600deaths and more than6,000hospitalizations.Federal health officials14Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began15orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is16ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October2009, though most of those17doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not18for pregnant women, people over50or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other19.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group:health care workers,people20infants and healthy young people.1.[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated2.[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted3.[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums4.[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme5.[A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by6.[A]progress[B]absence[C]presence[D]favor7.[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice8.[A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to9.[A]stay up[B]crop up[C]fill up[D]cover up10.[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until11.[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent12.[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples13.[A]imparted[B]immersed[C]injected[D]infected14.[A]released[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained15.[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving16.[A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable17.[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial18.[A]presented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced19.[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings20.[A]involved in[B]caring for[C]concerned with[D]warding offSectionⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of56works by Damien Hirst,"Beautiful Inside My Head Forever",at Sotheby's in London on September15th2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than￡70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since2003.At its peak in2007it was worth some$65billion,reckons Clare Mc Andrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst's sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector,they were down by nearly90%in the year to November2008.Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses,Sotheby's and Christie's,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christie's chief executive,says:"I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom."What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as"a last victory"because________.[A]the art market had witnessed a succession of victories[B]the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids[C]Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces[D]it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying"spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggeststhat________.[A]collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions[B]people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries[C]art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent[D]works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A]Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from2007to2008.[B]The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.[C]The art market generally went downward in various ways.[D]Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are________.[A]auction houses'favorites[B]contemporary trends[C]factors promoting artwork circulation[D]styles representing Impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be________.[A]Fluctuation of Art Prices[B]Up-to-date Art Auctions.[C]Art Market in Decline[D]Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them.This man quickly nodded in agreement.He gestured toward his wife and said,"She's the talker in our family."The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt."It's true,"he explained."When I come home from work,I have nothing to say.If she didn't keep the conversation going,we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late1970s.Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book"Divorce Talk"that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly50 percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research,complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning,cooking,social arrangements.Instead they focused on communication:"He doesn't listen to me.""He doesn't talk to me."I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face,while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.26.What is most wives'main expectation of their husbands?[A]Talking to them.[B]Trusting them.[C]Supporting their careers.[D]Sharing housework.27.Judging from the context,the phrase"wreaking havoc"(Line3,Para.2)most probably means________.[A]generating motivation.[B]exerting influence[C]causing damage[D]creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT________.[A]men tend to talk more in public than women[B]nearly50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation[C]women attach much importance to communication between couples[D]a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?[A]The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.[B]Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.[C]Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.[D]Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on________.[A]a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk[B]a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon[C]other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.[D]a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText3Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors—habits—among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks,or wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues."There are fundamental public health problems,like dirty hands instead of a soap habit,that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habits,"said Dr.Curtis,the director of the Hygiene Center at the London school of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine."We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically."The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers'lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough,you'll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago,many people didn't drink water outside of a meal.Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup."Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,"said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year."Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers'lives,and it's essential to making new products commercially viable."Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A]should be further cultivated[B]should be changed gradually[C]are deeply rooted in history[D]are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph5so as to________.[A]reveal their impact on people's habits[B]show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people's buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people's habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilever34.From the text we know that some of consumer's habits are developed due to________.[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.The author's attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people's habits is________.[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in1968,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states, for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the1880case of Strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.Although women first served on state juries in Utah in1898,it was not until the1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the1960s.In1968,the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.In the landmark1975decision Taylor vs.Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of thecommunity to the state level.The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of the US jury system,we learn that________.[A]both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to1968showed________.[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court Judges38.Even in the1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because________.[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.________.[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.In discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______.[A]its nature and problems.[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions.[D]its tradition and developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false.Choose T if the statement is True or F if the statement is not true on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft,the787and A350respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference.But a group of researchers at Stanford University,led by Ilan Kroo,has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use,and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer,says Dr Kroo,lies with birds.Since1914,scientists have known that birds flying in formation-a V-shape-expend less energy.The air flowing over a bird's wings curls upwards behind the wingtips,a phenomenonknown as upwash.Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag,and spend less energy propelling themselves.Peter Lissaman,an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California,has suggested that a formation of25birds might enjoy a range increase of71%.When applied to aircraft,the principles are not substantially different.Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles,San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah,assume an inverted V-formation,occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favorable positions,and proceed to London.They found that the aircraft consumed as much as15%less fuel(coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output).Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are,of course,knots to be worked out.One consideration is safety,or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable traveling in companion?Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles,and would not be in the intimate groupings favored by display teams like the Red Arrows.A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes.Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter,although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organization has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient.In zones of increased turbulence,the planes'wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish.Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further.It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft,in contrast,might be easier to reschedule,as might routine military flights.As it happens,America's armed forces are on the case already.Earlier this year the country's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight,though the program has yet to begin.There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War,but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated."My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,"he adds.So he should know.41.Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42.The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44.The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45.It has been documented that during World War II,Americas armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate it into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)"Sustainability"has become a popular word these days,but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning.Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late1990s selling insurance.He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for a job,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn't go well."It was a really bad move because that's not my passion,"says Ning,whose dilemma about the job translated,predictably,into a lack of sales."I was miserable,I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job.Everyone said,'Just wait,you'll turn the corner,give it some time.'"Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:You have just come back from the U.S.as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program.Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2)Welcome him/her to visit China in due course。
考研英语红宝书——10年真题_部分7
２ ０ ０ ７年考研英语真题 ☆ 词汇解析 ☆
Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｕ ｓ ｅｏ ｆ Ｅ ｎ ｇ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｈ
大纲词汇
ｒ ｏ ｕ ｇ ｈ［ ｒ ｆ ］ａ ｄ ｊ ．
【 词义】 粗暴的， 粗野的： Ｄ ｏ ｎ ｔ ｂ ｅｓ ｏ ｗ ｉ ｔ ｈｔ ｈ ｅ ① 粗糙的， 对小孩不要这样粗暴。 ｃ ｈ ｉ ｌ ｄ ． 大致的： Ｔ ｈ ｅ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｍ ａ ｔ ｅ ｉ ｓ ． 这是大致的估计。 ② 粗略的， 【 词组】 ｏ ｕ ｇ ｈｏ ｎ （ 对某人来说） 不愉快的， 不幸的 ①ｒ ｉ ｖ ｅｓ ｏ ｍ ｅ ｏ ｎ ｅｔ ｈ ｅｒ ｏ ｕ ｇ ｈｓ ｉ ｄ ｅｏ ｆ ｏ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｎ ｇ ｕ ｅ 对……严 ②ｇ 厉斥责 派生】 ｒ ｏ ｕ ｇ ｈ ｌ ｙ［ ｒ ｆ ｌ ｉ ］ａ ｄ ｖ ．粗略地， 大致地， 大约 ⒈【 ｅ ｇ ｉ ｍｅ［ ｒ ｅ ｉ ｉ ｍ ］ｎ ． ⒉ｒ 【 词义】 政体， 制度（ ｃ ） ： Ｕ ｎ ｄ ｅ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｗ ｎ ｏｏ ｎ ｅ ｉ ｓ ａ ｌ ｌ ｏ ｗ ｅ ｄｔ ｏ ｌ ｅ ａ ｖ ｅ ｅ ａ ｒ ｌ ｙ ． 在新制度下不允许任何人提前离开。 ｅ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｅ ｎ ｔ ａ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ［ ｒ ｅ ｐ ｒ ｉ ｚ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｔ ｉ ｖ ］ ⒊ｒ 【 词性】 ． ?ｎ 【 词义】 代表， 代理人： Ｈ ｅ ｉ ｓ ａ 【 词性】 ｄ ｊ ． ?ａ 【 词义】 （ ｏ ｆ ） 有代表性的， 典型的： Ｔ ｈ ｅ ｅ ｐ ｉ ｃ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｈ ｅ Ｍ ｉ ｄ ｄ ｌ ｅ Ａ ｇ ｅ ． 叙事诗反映了中世纪生活。 ｏ ｍｍｅ ｒ ｃ ｅ［ ｋ ｍ ｓ ］ｎ ． ⒋ｃ 【 词义】商业， 贸易（ 化） ： Ｗ ｅ ｍ ｕ ｓ ｔ ｐ ｒ ｏ ｍ ｏ ｔ ｅ ｏ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｉ ｇ ｎ［ ｓ ｖ ｒ ｉ ｎ ］ ⒌ｓ 人→君主 【 词性】 ． ?ｎ 【 词义】 君主， 统治， 元首： ａ 【 词性】 ｄ ｊ ． ?ａ 【 词义】 君主的： Ｗ ｈ ｏｈ ｏ ｌ ｄ ｓ ① 至高无上的， ｓ ｔ ａ ｔ ｅ ？谁掌握国家的最高权力？ 完全的： ｂ ｅ ｃ ｏ ｍ ｅ ａ ｓ ｔ ａ ｔ ｅ 成为主权国家 ② 独立自主的， 【 派生】 ｓ ｏ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｉ ｇ ｎ ｔ ｙ［ ｓ ｖ ｒ ｎ ｔ ｉ ］ｎ ． 最高统治权， 君权 ａ ｌ ｌ ｙ［ ｒ ｌ ｉ ］ ⒍ｒ 【 词性】 ． ?ｖ 【 词义】 团结： Ｔ ｈ ｅ ｙｗ ｉ ｌ ｌ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｅ ｎ ① 集合； 遇危机总能团结共济。 ｓ ｔ ａ ｔ ｅ 主权国家 ｉ ｎ ｇｃ ｏ ｕ ｎ ｔ ｒ ｉ ｅ ｓ ． 我们必须促进与邻国的贸易。 是一家大型钢铁公司的代理人。
2010年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。
英语（一）即原统考“英语”。
英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
2010年考研英语真题及解析
鼎辉教育徐绽考研2010年考研英语真题及解析2010年考研英语真题及解析Section I Use of English【文章综述】本文选自The Economist(《经济学家》，是一本专业报道商业和政治新闻的英文周刊), 原文题为Light Work; Questioning the Hawthorne Effect,（《照明效用：质疑霍桑效应》），刊登在该刊2009年6月4日的Finance and Economics（财政与经济学）专栏上。
其题材为科普知识类【考频4次】，文章介绍了著名的“霍桑效应”的产生过程及多年后人们对此所提出的质疑。
【试题连线】…………………………….…【选项分析】……………………………..….In1924 Awerica's National Research Councilsent two engineers to surpervise a series ofexperiments at a telephone-parts factory called theHawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they wouldlearn how shop-floor lightingworkers'productivity. Instead, thestudies ended givingtheir name to the “Hawthorne effect，”the extremely influential idea thatexperimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the woman in the plant.According to 5 of the experimenteda,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased ,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment；7 something was changed ,productivity rose ,A(n) 8 that were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analsis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in stone. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday ,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondaya. Workers 19to be diligent for the first few of the week in any case, beforeThis suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected影响[B]achieved 完成[C]extracted 提取；获取[D]restored 恢复2.[A]（ended）at 在某时刻结束[B]（ended）up 最终处于（意料之外的境况）；以……结束[C]（ended）with 以……结束[D] ended）off 结束3.[A]truth 真相[B]sight 看见[C]act 行为[D]proof 证据4.[A]controversial 有争议的[B]perplexing 令人费解的[C]mischievous 恶作剧的[D]ambiguous 意向不明的；模棱两可的5.[A]requirement 要求[B]explanations 解释[C]accounts 描述；叙述[D]assessments 评估6.[A]conclude 推断[B]matter 要紧[C]indicats 表明[D]work 起作用7.[A]as far as 至于[B]for fear that 唯恐[C]in case that 万一；以防[D]so long as 只要8.[A]awareness 意识；知道[B]expectation 期待[C]sentiment 情绪[D]illusion 幻想9.[A]suitable 适合的[B]excessive 过度[C]enough 足够的[D]aboundant 充裕的10.[A]about 关于[B]for 为了[C]on 关于[D]by（oneself）单独地11.[A]compared 比较[B]shown 宣示[C]subjected 使……遭受[D]conveyed 传达12.[A]Contrary to 与……相反的[B]Consistent with 与……相一致的更多考研视频课程资料关注微信公众号【考研帮帮吧】[C]Parallel with 与…相应的[D]Peculiar to 特有的13.[A]evidence 证据[B]guidance 指导[C]implication 暗示；可能的影响（或结果）[D]source 来源14.[A]disputable 有争议的[B]enlightening 给人启迪的[C]reliable 可信的[D]misleading 误导的15.[A]In contrast 相比之下[B]For example 例如[C]In consequence 结果是；因此[D]As usual 像平常一样16.[A]duly 适当地；按时地[B]accidentally 偶然地[C]unpredictably 变幻莫测的[D]suddenly 突然地17.[A]failed（to do）未能做[B]ceased（to do）停止做[C]started（to do）开始做[D]continued（to do）继续做18.[A]Therefore 因此[B]Furthermore 此外；而且[C]However 然而[D]Meanwhile 同时19.[A]attempted（to do）试图做[B]tended（to do）往往会[C]chose（to do）选择做[D]intended（to do）打算做20.[A]breaking 打破；突破[B]climbing 攀升[C]surpassing 超过[D]hitting 达到【核心词汇】allege [əˈledʒ] v.断言，宣称；指控，辩解（al表强调+lege→表强调讲→宣称）;-ed,adj. 声称的；所谓的arise[ə^raiz]v.发生；产生；出现influential[influ^en∫l]adj. 有影响的interpretation[inʌtЗ:pri^tei∫] n.解释；说明plateau[ˈplætəu]n.高原,（发展、增长后的）平稳状态(时期);停滞时期（plat+eau名词后缀→平坦地）slack［slAk］a.懈怠的,松弛的;萧条的n.淡季;(pl.)便裤;-en,v.使松弛，使萧条surpervise [^su:pəvaiz]v. 监督；管理；指导systematic［sisti5mAtik］a.(systematical)系统的,有组织的，成体系的，有规律的;-ic,人或学科（表名词）【超纲词汇】duly[ˈdu:li] adv. 1. 正确地, 适当地,恰当的2. 按时地, 准时地,适时地shop-floor[∫op^flʌ:(r)]n.车间；工厂【常用词组】experiment on/upon 用………做实验give one’s name to以……的名字命名（新生的）事物go up(价格、水平等)上涨；上升；增长in store(for sb) 1. 储备着, 贮藏着2. 将要发生, 就要出现on record有记载的, 记录在案的, 公开发表的pin down 1. 把…固定住; 使动弹不得2. 迫使作出决定, 采取行动slacken off 松懈下来；减缓turn out 结果（是）；原来（是）【答案与详解】1.答案→A 考点→上下文关系与动词词义辨析。
2010年考研英语二真题和答案(完整版)
The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding offSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare Mc Andrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay o ut nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bot tom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsI was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —amongconsumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in cons umers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually C are deeply rooted in history D are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits [B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B] Crest[C] Colgate[D] Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are develo ped due to _____[A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. T he author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A] indifferent[B] negative[C] positive[D] biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and development46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWERSHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him thatsustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。
考研英语真题 解析
ｗｅｒｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｏｆ，其 中，ｌｉｋｅｐｅｏｐｌｅ 是 插 入 语；ｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ 是 状 语 修 饰 主 干，ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｉｓ ｔａｎｃｅ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ ｍｕｃｈ ｓｍａｌｌｅｒ是介词结构作伴随状语。
【参考译文】像人一样，计算机也按“代”来划分，而且代与代之间的间距越来越小。
衡。很难一概而论。
文章难句精析
１．【文章难句】Ａｓｗａｓｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄｂｅｆｏｒｅ，ｉｔｗａｓｎｏｔｕｎｔｉｌｔｈｅ１９ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙｔｈａｔｔｈｅｎｅｗｓｐａｐｅｒｂｅｃａｍｅｔｈｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔ
ｐｒｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｍｅｄｉｕｍ，ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｗａｋｅｏｆｔｈｅｐａｍｐｈｌｅｔａｎｄｔｈｅｂｏｏｋａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｍｐａｎｙｏｆ
ｓｏｃｉａｌａｎｄｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ． 【结构剖析】
【结构解析】主干为 Ｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉ
① Ｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎ（ｉ主ｃａ语ｔｉｏ）ｎｓｒｅｖｏｌｕｉｏｎｈａｓ（ｉ谓ｎｆｌ语ｕｅ）ｎｃｅｄ主干
ｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｈａｓ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄ。 ｂｏｔｈ爥ａｎｄ爥ａｎｄ爥ａｎｄ爥ａｎｄ是 ｉｎ
ａｎｄｆｅｅｌｂｏｔｈａｂｏｕｔｐｌａｃｅａｎｄｔｉｍｅ，ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎ３９（ｃｏｎ 了（３８）影响，但是也产生了关于其经济、
ｔｒｏｖｅｒｓｉａｌ）ｖｉｅｗｓａｂｏｕｔｉｔｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ，ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌ，ｓｏｃｉａｌａｎｄｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ 政治、社会及文化含义的（３９）不同看法。
ｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｐｒｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ ｍｅｄｉ ｕｍ，属 ｉｔｗａｓｎｏｔｕｎｔｉｌ爥这一
2023《红宝书考研英语词汇》高清版PDF百度云下载
2023《红宝书考研英语词汇》高清版PDF百度云下载
红宝书《考研英语词汇》严格按照考研英语最新大纲要求，运用英语测试学及统计学原理，在深入研究历年真题及考研英语命题规律的基础上，对考研英语大纲词汇进行了深入地分析和研究，将考研词汇按其重要程度区分为：必考词、基础词、超纲词等，并且重点突出必考词，深入剖析必考词，反复练习必考词。
使考生能够分清主次，并抓住考研词汇的重中之重，省时、省力、成效显著。
本书在强化突出了考研英语大纲词汇中的重点核心词汇——必考词的基础上，全面兼顾了考研词汇能够涉及的其他内容：基础词、超纲词、考研各题型专有词、常见缩写词、洲名、国籍名等，同时，还系统归纳出了考研英语常用词根及前缀、后缀。
本书内容之全远非同类书籍可比，能够全面满足考生的备考需要。
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2010年考研英语真题完整下载版(加参考答案)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthore Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to __5____of the experments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_something was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. The Hawthorne experiments have another surprise in store: _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of reproductivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday. Workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the weeking week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted[D] restored2. [A] at[B]up [C] with[D] off3. [A]truth[B]sight[C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing[C]mischievous[D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations[C] accounts[D] assessments6. [A] conclude[B] matter[C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as[B] for fear that[C] in case that [D] so long so8. [A] awareness [B] expectation[C] sentiment[D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown[C] subjected[D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with[C] parallel with[D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source14. [A] disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading15. [A] In contrast[B] For example [C] In consequence[D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally[C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20. [A]breaking [B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should”reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patient trend at the supreme court” ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of disnity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to ereryone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing, promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don’t seem to be required of all. The researchers’ argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey —whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence — even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example from the initial influential prove resistant,for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics ofpopulations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendence to be.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the resarchers have observed recenty shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influnce[B] have little contact with the source of influnence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks’lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when itcompletes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. T oday they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet ”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to from a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is oneparagraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points) [A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out;the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe,compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile,as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B]Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers.In other words,it is up to the buyer,tather than the seller,to decide what to buy .At any rate,this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers,regardless of how long the current consummer pattern will take hold.[D]All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European whloesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E]Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent morn-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s retail wholesale market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F]For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G]However, none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41 → 42 → 43 → 44 → E → 45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a comservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the munity have no economic value.Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and ,if its stability depends on its inteyrity,they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and,if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbiras were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them,the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid. It is pamful to read these round about accounts today .We have no land ethic yet ,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species”.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe ,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the Non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community ,to be preserved as such ,within reason.To sum up:a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.Without the uneconomic pats. Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。
红宝书 必考词练习题及答案详解_部分3
欢迎使用【红宝书】考研英语精品系列：1.【红宝书】考研英语词汇（必考词+基础词+超纲词）—— 附MP3光盘2.【红宝书】考研英语10年真题（系统精析）—— MP3+其它5年真题及解析3.【红宝书】考研英语写作180篇——（三段式+精解+考点）4.【红宝书】考研英语考前预测 —— 最后冲刺3套题（网上另外再附赠3套题）红 宝 书考研英语词汇（必考词+基础词+超纲词）练习题及答案详解必 考 词第二节（Unit 8——Unit 14；第50页——98页）练习一：词汇与搭配1．M y year, yet she seems to be acquainted s. Green has been living in town for onl ______ everyone who comes to the store.．Your fluency in English gives you an advantage 2 the other candidatesfor the job.．3He has been charged murdering his wife.．i rties cameHis efforts to bring about a reconcil ation between the two pa 4.5People who refuse to comply ． the law will be punished.6．red independently Language, culture, and personality may be conside each other in thought, but they are inseparabl e in fact.．w 7Paul strongly d enied that he as guilty cheating innocent customers.．The travelers sought shelter 8the rain and happened to find a roadside tofind a roadside inn.If9．you persist causing troubles, the company will have to dismiss you.0．Really, she seemed embarrassed when her partner mad e a spectacl e 1_______ himself on the dance floor last night.1．The monument was erected 1memory of the people who devoted theirlives to the cause of Communism.练习二：词汇辨析1．Under the __ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.[A] surroundings[B] settingsC] circumstances[[D] environments2．The picture __ my school days to my mind.[A] recalledd[B] remind ed C] remembere [[D] recollected3．esni __ to cut costs.The two oil compa [A] mixed[B] mingled C] merged [[D] messed4． __The black clouds rain.[A] indicatedted[B] hinted [C] sugges [D]meant5． Farming demands forecasts of the weather.[A] precisette[B] correc C] accura [[D] exactanies are evolving from mass‐production manufacturing to 6．American comp _____ enterprises.[A] moveable[B] changing C] fl exible [[D] varying7．He having been frightened.[A] acknowl edged d[B] confessed C] recognize [[D] admitted8．My camera can be to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.[A] adapted[B] adjusted C] adopted [[D] remedied9．Please me on that subject.[A] enlighten[B] acquaint C] inform D [[] instruct10．ges, the computer is by no means without its With all its advanta .[A] boundariesnts[B] limitations C] confineme [[D] restraints11．A translation is not always the closest to the original meaning.[A] literal[B] liberal C] literate D] literary[[12． a few months ago is large enough to The new hotel built over twohundred people.[A] contain[B] holdC] provid e e[[D] accommodat 13．Do you like this of coffee ？[A] trademark[B] sign C] mark [[D] brand14．ion of With the introduct technology, information flows faster than itever did.[A] involvedtedated[B] complica C] sophistic [[D] complex15． energy must be released in one form or another, for example, anearthquake.[A] Gatheredd[B] Collected C] Accumulate [[D] Assembled16．thematics examination, Tom feels veryHaving failed in the ma _.[A] oppressed[B] suppressed C] depressed[[D] compressed17． l earning process is sometimes toons in The description of what happe .[A] complex to understand[B] difficult to be understoodC] complicated to understand[[D] complicated enough to understandy house. In the18．This is a picture of m you can see the mountains. [A] residencet[B] setting [C] environmen [D] sightseeing19．With pricesso much, it’s hard for the company to plan a budget.[A] fluctuating[B] waving C] swinging [[D] vibrating20． can be in some way If your knowledge with my experiences, we aresure to succeed.[A] joined[B] united [C] connected [D] combined练习三：英语知识运用1．When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become commentators were able to be equally effective on television. Some of the they were trying to experienced when themselves to the new medium were t technical.[A] turn[B] adaptC] alter [[D] modify2．The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating if raw, lived so long ago id ea who he was or where he lived. We do know, however, that for rs, food was always eaten col d and that we have no of yea thousands .[A] raw[B] crudeC] dry[[D] fresh3．Who talks more, women or men? The seemingly contradictory evidence is _______ by the difference what I call public and private speaking. More men feel comfortable doing “public speaking,” while more women feel comfortable doing Another way of capturing these differences is by using the d rapport(协调关系)‐talk.“private” speaking.alk an sedterms report‐t [A] compromi [B] reckoned[C] reinforced[D] reconcil ed4．There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety pays off. The fewer the injury , the better the nce rate. This may mean the difference between operating at a workman’s insura a loss.profit or at [A] claims [B] reportsC] declarations[[D]proclamations5．To Edward Hall the principal difference between cultures is whether they are monochromic or polychromic. In monochromic cultures (United States, Northern Europe) people do things one by one. They follow schedules because time can be or saved. Promptness is essential, and one who is late ha squandered a grave offense.[A] madetted[B]commi C] done [[D] taken6．The purpose of non‐REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep polis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non Research in Minnea REM sleep.[A]maintained[B] described C] settled [[D] afforded7．It is not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when are made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept industrial goods turning. [A] desirable[B] desirousC] desiredD] desiring[[8. Changes in the social structure may indirectly juvenil e crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth g unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly obtain .and risindifficult to [A] affect [B] reduce[C] check[D] reflect9．Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which itives and which have not been do not contain add by chemical fertilizers ing today.widely used in farm [A] effectedd[B] interfere C] disturbed [[D] affected10．Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same el ements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different in that are arranged differently, and each vitamin been their elements one or unctions in the body.more specific f [A]undertakes[B] holdsC] plays [[D] performs11．When we grow older enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money we earn. We spend the ur lives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a new , Jones is whole of o television set to buy a bigger and better one.[A] bound[B] destinedC] doomed[[D]determined12．The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry sales nd keep accurate records. This information tells us what people are r changes in attitudes and tastes.statistics a eating and thei e[A] gather[B]accumulat C] compileD] compare[[13．Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good l spend the bulk of each day wandering the street.________that number stil [A] lodgingg[B] shelter C] dwellin [[D] house14．Once man began to raise his own animals, he did not have to go out and hunt eat. And, since he did not have to move from one place to another or food, man was able to for his m f hunting down and live in one place. [A] calm[B] getC] come[[D] settle15．Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country’s people. Old countries that have numerous craftsmen are better placed to produce n countries whose workers are largely unskill ed. Furthermore, wealth es wealth.wealth tha also produc [A] skillful[B] skilledC] capable[[D] shrewd16．A new computer system has been designed to stop ships sinking. The greater danger to holed vessel is that flooding of its compartments will make the ship unstable enough to capsize. It is estimated that nearly half the ships lost during the second world war capsized because of loss of stability. Pacer Systems of Massachusetts, has now refined a system Burlington.by a reserve US Navy n Drabvouski, which effectively second guesses the ship.officer, Stephe [A] owned[B] searched [C] captured [D] devised练习四：语法与词汇1．There was a ver w y interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read r hat he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.ecently________A. givingB. gave . to give C D. given2．hout conducting elaborate marketToday, _________ major new products wit research.A. corporations hardly introduce everB. corporations hardly ever introduce.hardly corporations introduce ever . hardly corporations ever introduceC D3．I ll do it with as much good humor and self‐restraint as if Ie, I'w __.f I correct someon ere the one_______A. to correctB. correcting. having corrected C D. being corrected4．A er i sa d ________into dozens of languages in the lastDream of the Red Chamb s i _decade.A .to have been translatedB. to be translated. to translate C D. to have translated5．e himself effectively is sure to succeed morec mmand of language is poor._________, a man who express s o rapidly than a man whose A. Other things to be equalsB. Were other things equal. To be equal to other thing . Other things being equalC D。
2010考研英语真题及答案
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案(万学海文做的答案)Section I Use of English1.A2.B3.C4.B5.C6.B7.D8.A9. C10.D11.C12.A13.A14.D15.B16.A17.D18.C19. B20.DSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.B22.A23.C24.A25.B26.C27.D28.C 29.B30.D31.B32.D33.A34.C35.C36.A37.A38.C39.C40.DPart B41.B42.F43.D44.G45.APart C Translation46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。
47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。
49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。
50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
Section III Writing51.小作文以研究生会的名义写一封通知，通知的内容是为全球一体化的国际会议招募志愿者，这个通知必须包括申请者的基本职位要求及你认为相关的其他信息。
写100个字左右，不要在通知末尾写你自己的名字，用“Postgraduates’Association”代替。
参考范文一：NoticeVolunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration are wanted.Anyone who is in good command of English and experienced in cross-cultural communication are expected to take part in this activity.The major task for this position are as follows:to begin with,to propaganda the theme of globalization to people all over the world;in addition,to provide E-C interpretation service to those representatives of the international conference,aiming atfacilitating the process of the meeting;at last,you should be strictly available according to the time schedule of the conference. Those who are interested in this post are cordially welcome!Postgraduates’Association参考范文二：NoticeTwenty volunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration are wanted among the students in our school.Thepositions recruited include receptionist,conference guider, transportation guider and English interpreter.The volunteers are requested to speak fluent English and are expected to be active,open-minded and conscientious.The Conference falls on September23at China Institute of International Studies,and all the volunteers will be trained for5days before the conference and provided with free transportation and meal.For those who are interested in taking part in the activity,please send your resume to the email address: postgraduates@ before September 1.Postgraduates’Association参考范文三：AnnouncementPostgraduates’Association is recently looking for Volunteersfor the International Conference of Global Integration.Applicants should be currently studying at the university,and should preferably have the experience of being a part-time volunteer in several international events。
【红宝书】考研英语10年真题——词汇注释(2004年)
２００４年考研英语真题 词汇解析 ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ
２００４年考研英语真题 ☆ 词汇解析 ☆
ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＩＩＵｓｅｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ
【词义】开始的，开幕的：～ ｒｅｍａｒｋｓ开场白 ／ｔｈｅ～ ｓｔａｇｅｓ 【词义】（ｔｏ，ｆｏｒ）必不可少的，必需的：Ｗａｔｅｒｉｓ～ ｔｏｌｉｆｅ．水
ｏｆｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ战斗的开始阶段
对生命是不可或缺的。
⒍ ｄｒａｗｂａｃｋ［ｄｒｂｋ］ｎ．
【助记】ｄｒａｗ（拉）＋ｂａｃｋ（向后面）→把人拖向后的→缺点
饰这所房子。
可能性非常大。
③ 吸引，占用 （时 间、精 力 等）：Ｈｏｕｓｅｗｏｒｋ ～ｓｍｕｃｈｏｆ 【词组】ｉｎａｌｌｐｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｔｙ很可能，大概
超纲词汇
ｄｅｌｉｎｑｕｅｎｃｙ［ｄｉｌｉｋｗｎｓｉ］ｎ．行为不良，犯罪，过错，过失 ｐｅｎａｌｉｚｅ［ｐｅｎｌａｉｚ］ｖ．使不利；对……不公平；（竞赛中）处罚（犯规者） ｍｉｓｄｅｅｄ［ｍｉｓｄｉｄ］ｎ．不端行为；罪行 ｇａｉｎｆｕｌ［ｅｉｎｆｕｌ］ａｄｊ．有利益的，有报酬的 ★（大纲派生词） ｓｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｉｏｎ［ｓｊｕｐｖｉｎ］ｎ．监督，管理 ★（大纲派生词） ａｌｃｏｈｏｌ［ｌｋｈｌ］ｎ．酒精，乙醇
櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒毃 櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒毃
ａｌｌｈｅｒｄａｙｓｉｎｐｒｉｓｏｎ．法庭判她终身监禁。
櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒毃
【词性】? ｖ． 【词义】翻（书）页；将（书、书页）翻坏或弄脏：～ｉｎｇｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
红宝书 必考词练习题及答案详解_部分9
红com 宝书 网址：www.hongbaoshu. 通用网址：红宝书20欢5． 该题考查主谓一致。
主语后跟有as well as, rather than, together with, alongwith, accompanied by, including 等引出的词语时，其整个句子的谓语动词的单复数由主语决定。
因此排除A 、D 选项，另外在demand 引导的宾语从句中。
从句谓语动词是(should)+V 原，故答案为C 。
6． 该题考查平行或一致关系。
连词and 前是reaching up ，因此答案为C ，其中“reaching up ，and pecking at its bill”是分词短语做状语表示伴随。
7． 该题考查定语从句。
由于两分词间无连接词，故答案C 排除，关系代词that不能引导非限定性定语从句，what 引导主语从句常在句中做宾语成分，故答案为D ，which 引导的非限定性定语从句，其先行词是前面的整个句子。
8． 该题考查句子结构。
本题中all civilians should evacuate the village 与其前order 为互相解释，即为同位语关系，其他选项不合题意，故答案为D 。
9． 该题考查虚拟语气。
空格中所在部分是一由that 引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句由一复合句构成，从该句主从复合句的主语谓语动词判断，这是一典型虚拟从句，由句意可知，这是对将来相反的假设,所以if 从句的谓语动词应为were to +V 原或should +V 原，故答案为B 。
10．该题考查情态动词用法。
本题包含宾语从句，从句的谓语动词为陈述句语气，因此可将表示虚拟语气的A 、B 选项排除,must have done 表示对过去肯定推测不合题意，故答案为C 。
11．该题考查句子结构。
从结构上看，was 前面部分的内容是：“她在一个简朴的生活环境中受到教育”。
首先排除选项A ，它缺少引导主语从句的关联词；B 选项中心词是girl,与句意不符；D 选项中心词也是girl ，况且to be educated 表示将来。
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【 词性】 ． ?ｎ 【 词义】 奇事： ｔ ｈ ｅ ～ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｈ ｅｗ ｏ ｒ ｌ ｄ世界奇观 ／ Ｂ ｏ ｏ ｋ ｓ ① 奇迹， ａ ｒ ｅ ｆ ｉ ｌ ｌ ｅ ｄｗ ｉ ｔ ｈｍ ａ ｎ ｙ～ ｓ ． 书中充满了新奇的事物。 惊讶： Ｈ ｅｆ ｅ ｌ ｔ～ ｍ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｌ ｅ ｄｗ ｉ ｔ ｈａ ｗ ｅａ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅＧ ｒ ａ ｎ ｄ ② 惊奇， 面对着大峡谷， 他又惊奇又惶恐。 Ｃ ａ ｎ ｙ ｏ ｎ ． 【 同义】 ｉ ｒ ａ ｃ ｌ ｅ② ｓ ｕ ｒ ｐ ｒ ｉ ｓ ｅ ， ａ ｍ ａ ｚ ｅ ｍ ｅ ｎ ｔ ①ｍ 【 词性】 ． ?ｖ 【 词义】 ａ ｔ ） 感到惊讶， 感到诧异： Ｉ～ ａ ｔ ｈ ｉ ｓ ｒ ｕ ｄ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｓ ． 我 ①（ 对他的粗鲁感到惊讶。 想要知道： Ｉ～ ｈ ｏ ｗｙ ｏ ｕｃ ａ ｍ ｅ ｔ ｏｍ ｉ ｓ ｓ ｙ ｏ ｕ ｒ ② 感到疑惑， ｗ ａ ｙ ． 我想知道你是怎样迷路的。 【 词组】 ｎ ｏ（ 或ｌ ｉ ｔ ｔ ｌ ｅ ， ｓ ｍ ａ ｌ ｌ ， ｗ ｈ ａ ｔ ）ｗ ｏ ｎ ｄ ｅ ｒ 难怪， 怪不得 【 派生】 ｗ ｏ ｎ ｄ ｅ ｒ ｆ ｕ ｌ ［ ｗ ｎ ｄ ｆ ｌ ］ａ ｄ ｊ ． 惊人的， 奇妙的， 极好的 ｕ ｌ ｂ［ ｂ ｌ ｂ ］ｎ ． ⒉ｂ 【 词义】 Ｔ ｈ ｉ ｓ ｌ ｉ ｇ ｈ ｔ ｂ ｕ ｌ ｂｈ ａ ｓ ｇ ｏ ｎ ｅ ．这灯泡不亮了。 ① 灯泡： 状物） ， 球状物 ： Ｒ ｏ ｏ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅ ～ｓ ｉ ｎｐ ｏ ｔ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｇｓ ｏ ｉ ｌ ． 把 ② 鳞茎（ 这些球茎扦插在盆栽土壤里。 ｐ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ［ ｐ ｎ ］ｎ ． ⒊ｏ 【 词义】 选择权： Ｉ ｈ ａ ｖ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｍ ｕ ｃ ｈ～ ｉ ｎｔ ｈ ｅ ｍ ａ ｔ ｔ ｅ ｒ ． 在这 ① 选项， 件事情上我无可选择。 ａ ｎ～ｏ ｎａｐ ａ ｃ ｋ ａ ｇ ｅ ｈ ｏ ｌ ｉ ｄ ａ ｙ包价旅游选 ② 买卖的特权： 择权 【 词组】 ｏ ｐ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎｏ ｎｓ ｔ ｈ ． ……的选择权 ｎ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｃ ｔ ［ ｉ ｎ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｋ ｔ ］ｎ ． ⒋ｉ 【 词义】 本能， 直觉， 天性： Ｗ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｍ ｅ ｔ ｉ ｍ ｅ ｓ ａ ｃ ｔ ｏ ｎ～ ． 我们有时 凭直觉办事。
２ ０ ０ ８年考研英语真题词汇注释 ５ ７
Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｕ ｓ ｅｏ ｆ Ｅ ｎ ｇ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｈ Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｉ Ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｇＣ ｏ ｍ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｈ ｅ ｎ ｓ ｉ ｏ ｎＰ ａ ｒ ｔ Ａ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ １ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ２ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ３ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ４ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｂ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｃ ５ ７ ５ ８ ５ ８ ６ ０ ６ １ ６ ２ ６ ４ ６ ５
ｗ ｗ ． ｈ ｏ ｎ ｇ ｂ ａ ｏ ｓ ｈ ｕ ． ｃ ｏ ｍ 【 红宝书】 考研英语 １ ０年真题 系统解析 ｗ
２ ０ ０ ９年考研英语真题 ☆ 词汇解析 ☆
Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｕ ｓ ｅｏ ｆ Ｅ ｎ ｇ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｈ
大纲词汇
ｏ ｎ ｄ ｅ ｒ［ ｗ ｎ ｄ ］ ⒈ｗ
重点词组 ① ｔ ｈ ｅｓ ｔ ａ ｒ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｇｌ ｉ ｎ ｅ起跑线 ② ｉ ｎｔ ｈ ｅｄ ｕ ｓ ｔ 死了， 屈辱， 入土
櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒櫒毃
【 派生】 ｉ ｎ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ［ ｉ ｎ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｋ ｔ ｉ ｖ ］ａ ｄ ｊ ． 天生的 ａ ｐ ｐ ａ ｒ ｅ ｎ ｔ ［ ｐ ｒ ｎ ｔ ］ａ ｄ ｊ ． 【 助记】 ａ ｐ （ ｔ ｏ 为了）＋ ｐ ａ ｒ （ ａ ｐ ｐ ｅ ａ ｒ 出现）＋ ｅ ｎ ｔ （ 形容词后缀， ……的） 为了更容易出现的 显然的 → → 【 词义】 明明白白的： Ｉ ｔ ｗ ａ ｓ～ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｙ ａ ｌ ｌ ｕ ｎ ｄ ｅ ｒ ① 显然的， 显然他们都领会了。 ｓ ｔ ｏ ｏ ｄ ． 貌似（ 真实） 的： Ｈ ｅ ｒ～ ｉ ｎ ｄ ｉ ｆ ｆ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｅ ｍ ａ ｄ ｅ ｈ ｉ ｍ ② 表面上的， ｅ ｖ ｅ ｎｍ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｎ ｅ ｒ ｖ ｏ ｕ ｓ ． 她表面上若无其事反而使他更加紧张。 【 同义】 ｉ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｎ ｃ ｔ ， ｏ ｂ ｖ ｉ ｏ ｕ ｓ ， ｅ ｖ ｉ ｄ ｅ ｎ ｔ ，ｖ ｉ ｓ ｉ ｂ ｌ ｅ ， ｃ ｌ ｅ ａ ｒ ①ｄ 【 反义】 ｏ ｂ ｓ ｃ ｕ ｒ ｅａ ｄ ｊ ．含糊的 派生】 ａ ｐ ｐ ａ ｒ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｌ ｙ［ ｐ ｒ ｎ ｔ ｌ ｉ ］ａ ｄ ｖ ． 显然， 表面上地 ⒌【 ｉ ｍｐ ｌ ｉ ｃ ｉ ｔ ［ ｉ ｍ ｐ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｉ ｔ ］ａ ｄ ｊ ． 【 词义】 ｉ ｎ ） 不言明的， 含蓄的： Ｔ ｈ ｅｔ ｈ ｒ ｅ ａ ｔ ｗ ａ ｓ～ ｉ ｎｈ ｉ ｓ ①（ ｒ ｅ ｍ ａ ｒ ｋ ｓ ． 他的话中带有威胁。 绝对的： Ａｓ ｏ ｌ ｄ ｉ ｅ ｒ ｍ ｕ ｓ ｔ ｇ ｉ ｖ ｅ～ ｏ ｂ ｅ ｄ ｉ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｅ ｔ ｏ ② 无疑问的， ｈ ｉ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｆ ｉ ｃ ｅ ｒ ｓ ． 士兵必须完全服从指挥。 派生】ｉ ｍｐ ｌ ｉ ｃ ｉ ｔ ｌ ｙ［ ｉ ｍ ｐ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｉ ｔ ｌ ｉ ］ａ ｄ ｖ ． 绝对地； 含蓄地， 无 ⒍【 疑地， 无保留地 ｒ ｅ ｌ ｙ［ ｍ ｉ ｌ ｉ ］ａ ｄ ｖ ． ⒎ ｍｅ 【 词义】 仅， 只， 不过： Ｈ ｅ ｍ ｅ ａ ｎ ｔ ｉ ｔ～ ａ ｓ ａｊ ｏ ｋ ｅ ． 他原意只不过 是开个玩笑。
２ ０ ０ ６年考研英语真题词汇注释 ３ ９
Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｕ ｓ ｅｏ ｆ Ｅ ｎ ｇ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｈ Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｉ Ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｇＣ ｏ ｍ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｈ ｅ ｎ ｓ ｉ ｏ ｎＰ ａ ｒ ｔ Ａ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ １ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ２ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ３ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ４ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｂ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｃ ３ ９ ４ ０ ４ ０ ４ １ ４ ２ ４ ３ ４ ５ ４ ６
２ ０ １ ０年考研英语真题词汇注释 ７ ６
Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｕ ｓ ｅｏ ｆ Ｅ ｎ ｇ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｈ Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｉ Ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｇＣ ｏ ｍ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｈ ｅ ｎ ｓ ｉ ｏ ｎＰ ａ ｒ ｔ Ａ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ １ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ２ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ３ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ４ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｂ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｃ ７ ６ ７ ７ ７ ７ ７ ８ ７ ９ ８ １ ８ ２ ８ ３
２ ０ ０ ７年考研英语真题词汇注释 ４ ８
Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｕ ｓ ｅｏ ｆ Ｅ ｎ ｇ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｈ Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｉ Ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｇＣ ｏ ｍ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｈ ｅ ｎ ｓ ｉ ｏ ｎＰ ａ ｒ ｔ Ａ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ １ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ２ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ３ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ４ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｂ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｃ ４ ８ ４ ９ ４ ９ ５ ０ ５ ２ ５ ３ ５ ４ ５ ５
超纲词汇
ｆ ｒ ｕ ｉ ｔ ｆ ｌ ｙ［ ｆ ｒ ｕ ｔ ｆ ｌ ａ ｉ ］ｎ 果蝇 ｈ ｉ ｇ ｈ ｐ ｒ ｉ ｃ ｅ ｄ［ ｈ ａ ｉ ｐ ｒ ａ ｉ ｓ ｔ ］ａ ｄ ｊ ．高价的 ｕ ｐ ｋ ｅ ｅ ｐ［ ｐ ｋ ｉ ｐ ］ｎ 维持， 维护， 维修费 ａ ｄ ａ ｐ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ［ ｄ ｐ ｔ ｉ ｖ ］ ａ ｄ ｊ ． 适应的， 适合的★（ 大纲派生词） ｗ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｆ ｕ ｌ ［ ｗ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｆ ｌ ］ａ ｄ ｊ 渴望的； 发愁的 ｓ ｍ ａ ｌ ｌ ｓ ｃ ａ ｌ ｅ ［ ｓ ｍ ｌ ｓ ｋ ｅ ｉ ｌ ］ ａ ｄ ｊ ． 按照小比例画制的； 小规模的 ｏ ｐ ｅ ｒ ａ ｎ ｔ ［ ｐ ｒ ｎ ｔ ］ａ ｄ ｊ 动作的， 生效的； 可操作的★（ 大纲派生词） ｆ ａ ｉ ｔ ｈ ｆ ｕ ｌ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｓ ［ ｆ ｅ ｉ ｆ ｌ ｎ ｉ ｓ ］ ｎ ． 忠实， 忠诚， 忠贞 （ 大纲派生词） ★ ｉ ｎ ｃ ｏ ｎ ｃ ｌ ｕ ｓ ｉ ｖ ｅ［ ｉ ｎ ｋ ｎ ｋ ｌ ｕ ｓ ｉ ｖ］ａ ｄ ｊ ．非决定性的， 不确定的
２ ０ ０ ９年考研英语真题词汇注释 ６ ７
Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｕ ｓ ｅｏ ｆ Ｅ ｎ ｇ ｌ ｉ ｓ ｈ Ｓ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎＩ Ｉ Ｒ ｅ ａ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｇＣ ｏ ｍ ｐ ｒ ｅ ｈ ｅ ｎ ｓ ｉ ｏ ｎＰ ａ ｒ ｔ Ａ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ １ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ２ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ３ Ｔ ｅ ｘ ｔ ４ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｂ Ｐ ａ ｒ ｔ Ｃ ６ ７ ６ ８ ６ ８ ７ ０ ７ １ ７ ２ ７ ４ ７ ５