环境科学概论 英文
环境科学专业英语考试资料
第一单元：环境科学的定义：Environment (from the French environner: to encircle or surround) can be defined as(1) the circumstance or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or(2) the plex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or munity.(环境(从法国environner:环绕或包围)可以被定义为(1)周围环境或条件有机体或一组生物,或(2)复杂的社会或文化环境影响个人或社区。
)Environmental science, then, is the systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it. (环境科学,是我们的环境和我们的系统研究适宜的位置。
)The study of human social development activities and environmental evolution, the interaction relationship between seeking co-evolution of human society and environment and sustainable development way and the method of science.(环境科学是一门研究人类社会开展活动与环境演化规律之间相互作用关系，寻求人类社会与环境协同演化、持续开展途径与方法的的科学。
)As distinguished economist Barbara Ward points out, for an increasing number of environmental issues, the difficulty is not to identify remedies,remedies are now well understood.〔作为出色的经济学家芭芭拉·沃德指出,越来越多的环境问题,困难并不是确定补救措施,补救措施现在很好理解。
环境科学英语
环境科学英语Environmental ScienceEnvironmental science is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses various scientific disciplines to study the environment and its interactions with human activities. It aims to understand the impact of human actions on the environment and develop sustainable solutions to protect and conserve our natural resources. This article provides an overview of environmental science, highlighting key concepts and areas of research within the field.1. Introduction to Environmental ScienceEnvironmental science is an interdisciplinary field that combines elements of biology, chemistry, physics, geology, and social sciences to study the environment. It focuses on the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the environment and human activities. Environmental scientists seek to understand how natural processes work and how they are influenced by human actions.2. Key Concepts in Environmental Sciencea) Ecosystems: An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with their physical environment. It includes all living organisms, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the non-living components, like air, water, and soil. Understanding ecosystems is essential for understanding the functioning of the environment and the services it provides.b) Biodiversity: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. It encompasses the diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining the balance of ecosystems and provides numerous benefits to humans, such as food, medicine, and clean water.c) Pollution: Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the environment. It can be caused by various activities, including industrial processes, transportation, and waste disposal. Pollution can have detrimental effects on ecosystems, human health, and the overall quality of the environment.d) Climate Change: Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other aspects of the Earth's climate system. It is primarily caused by the increase in greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Climate change has far-reaching impacts on the environment, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity.3. Areas of Research in Environmental Sciencea) Environmental Impact Assessment: Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the process of evaluating the potential environmental effects of proposed projects or developments. It aims to predict and mitigate any adverse impacts on the environment before the project is implemented. EIA is crucial for sustainable development and ensuring that environmental concerns are taken into account in decision-making processes.b) Conservation Biology: Conservation biology focuses on the preservation and management of biodiversity. It involves studyingendangered species, their habitats, and implementing conservation strategies to prevent species extinction and protect ecosystems. Conservation biology plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems and promoting sustainable use of natural resources.c) Environmental Policy and Governance: Environmental policy and governance involve the development and implementation of laws, regulations, and strategies to address environmental issues. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including environmental planning, resource management, and pollution control. Effective environmental policy and governance are essential for promoting sustainable development and ensuring the protection of the environment.d) Renewable Energy: Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, offer alternatives to fossil fuels and contribute to mitigating climate change. Research in renewable energy focuses on developing efficient and cost-effective technologies for harnessing clean energy. The transition to renewable energy is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting environmental sustainability.4. ConclusionEnvironmental science plays a crucial role in understanding the complex interactions between human activities and the environment. By studying the environment from various scientific disciplines, environmental scientists can identify and address environmental challenges and develop sustainable solutions. The concepts and research areas discussed in this article provide a glimpse into the vast and interdisciplinary field of environmental science.With ongoing research and collaboration, we can strive towards a more sustainable future for our planet.。
环境科学 英语
环境科学英语Environmental ScienceEnvironmental science is the study of the natural world and the impact humans have on it. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including ecology, biology, geology, chemistry, and physics. The goal of environmental science is to understand how natural systems work and how human activities can affect them. Environmental scientists study the interactions between living organisms and their environment, including the physical and chemical factors that influence them. They also investigate how human activities, such as pollution and climate change, can impact ecosystems and the health of the planet.One major area of focus in environmental science is climate change. Scientists are working to understand how changes in the Earth's climate are affecting the planet's ecosystems and human societies. They are also researching ways to mitigate the effects of climate change and find solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Another important area of research in environmental science is pollution. Environmental scientists study the sources, transport, and impact of pollutants in the environment. They work to identify ways to reduce pollution and its harmfuleffects on human health and the environment.Overall, environmental science plays a critical role in helping us to understand and address some of the most pressing environmental challenges facing our planet today. By studying natural systems and human activities, environmental scientists can help us to develop strategies to protect the environment and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.。
环境科学概论 INTRODUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
The integrity of environment
Interrelation and mutual restraint among the various factors of the environment
Diversity of human demand(diversity of artificial
environment)
（1）Diversity of material needs （2）Diversity of spiritual needs
Examples of diversity of artificial enviroment
concern? Knowledge degree ? 3. Brief introduce the environmental technical means your current understanding, what’s
the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies and methods ? 4. Which type of environmental filed do you want to engage in your future work? What
Thinking and discussion of the questions
Public problems: why did you choose environmental science and engineering? What’s your development blueprint of the professional? How to achieve this goal?
环境科学概论教学课件(第四讲)英文版PPT
Population
zebra
butterfly
How can we recognize so many individuals crowded in an area?
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Population Characteristics
Natality: refers to the number of individuals added to the population through reproduction.
List the four categories under which limiting factors can be classified.
Explain why humans are subject to the same forces of environmental resistance as are other organisms.
Mortality: refers to the number of deaths in a population over a particular time period.
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births
gains
immigrants
deaths
population emigrants
losses
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age structure and sex ratio
• Age distribution: the number of individuals in each age class as a ratio of one class to another.
Growing
stationary
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declining
Label the three age structure graphs shown below. One is (a)slow growth, one is (b)no growth, one is(c) fast growth.
环境科学概论教学课件(第二讲)英文版PPT
Niche: is the functional role it has in its surroundings (its profession).
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2 The Role of Natural Selection and Evolution Population: a group of individuals of the same species inhabiting a particular area at a specific time.
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1 Ecological Concepts
Ecology: is the study of the ways organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings.
Environment: Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime is collectively known as its environment. it is useful to subdivide the concept of environment into abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) factors. Abiotic factors can be organized into several broad categories: energy, nonliving matter, and processes that involve the interaction of nonliving matter and energy. Biotic factors include all forms of life with which it interacts.
环境科学与工程专业英语词汇必备
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11 大类。
环境学总论原生环境 primary environment 次生环境 secondary environment生态示范区 ecological demonstrate area环境地质学 environmental geology环境地球化学 environmental geo-chemistry环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学 environmental microbiology 环境危机 environmental crisis环境保护 environmental protection环境展望 environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应 environmental effect 环境容量 environmental capacity环境演化 evolution of environment环境酣畅度 environmental comfort环境背景值（本底值）environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental production industry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒） environmental barrier绿色革命green revolution可连续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem悬浮物 suspended solids一次污染物 primary pollutant 二次污染物 secondary pollutant 全球性污染 global pollution 排污收费 pollution charge可更新资源 renewable resources不可以更新资源 non-renewableresources自然保护区 natural reserve area防范林 protection forest公害 public nuisance矿山公害 mining nuisance工业废水 industrial waste water矿山废水 mining drainage生活饮用水 domestic potable water草原退化 grassland degeneration沙漠化 desertification人口压力 population pressure人口净增率 rate of population全球环境监测系统 global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作目标 Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of“the threeat the same time”二噁英公害 dioxine nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件 disaster in Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件 disaster in London水俣病事件 minamata disease incident骨痛病事件 itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件 Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈 hydrosphere最低水位lowest water level 水循环 water circulation平均水位average water level 地面水（地表水）surface water警戒水位warning water level 水位 water level流速flow velocity下渗（入渗）sinking流量discharge蒸发 evaporation洪水期flood season最高水位highest water level枯水期low-water season冲刷 washout含水层 aquifer隔水层（不透水层） aquiclude透水层 permeable stratum 层间水 interlayer water承压水（有压层间水）confined water或自流水 artesian water孔隙水 void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流 runoff flow地表径流runoff地下水 ground water流域保护 water basin protection淡水 fresh water 咸水 saltwater降水 precipitation积淀降水量 amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤损害）soil and water loss 点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散 diffusion涡流 eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水 eutrophic waste-water污水 sewage漫灌 flood irritation水底聚积物（底质或底泥） benthal deposit 总固体 total solids悬浮固体 suspended solids总溶解固体 total dissolved solids河流复氧常数 constantof river reoxygenation湖泊酸化 lake acidification富营养化 eutrophication富营养湖 eutrophic lake中营养湖 mesotrophic lake贫营养湖 oligotrophic lake水库 reservoir海洋办理 sea disposal海底采样 sea floor sample赤潮（红潮） red tide海水淡化 desalination of seawater海底聚积物 sea bottom sediment 海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质 water quality水资源综合利用 water resource integrated utilization水土保持 soil and water conservation河流整改 channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程 hydro-engineering水体自净 self-purification of water body 水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment土地办理系统 land treatment system土地沙漠化 land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化） soil salination土壤酸化 soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用 buffering/buffer action缓冲剂 buffering agent/buffer 缓冲容量 buffer capacity盐基饱和度 base saturation percentage灌溉 irrigation富里酸 fuvic acid胡敏素 humin土壤聚会体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤困穷化） soil degeneration土壤地带性 soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层 ozone layer降水 precipitation降水量 rainfall降水强度 precipitation intensity大气环境容量 atmospheric environmental capacity事后议论afterwards assessment烟尘除掉 elimination of smoke and dust 温室效应 greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温 inversion环境生物学生境 habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境威胁environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位 niche生命周期life cycle生态型 ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增添exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生 parasitism衍生物 derivative杀虫剂 insecticide杀菌剂 fungicide除草剂 herbicide防腐剂 preservative杀鼠剂 rodenticide无残留农药 non-persistent pesticide植物性农药 phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地 world natural and historical heritage site 储量 stock过分捕获 over-hunting; over-fishing猎（渔）期 open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮 red tide藻花 algae bloom/ 水花 water bloom 原生污染物 primary pollutant次生污染物 secondary pollutant急性毒性实验 acute toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验 screening test; range-findingtest; preliminary test 稀释 dilution归宿 fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解 biological degradation;biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种 sensitive species; intolerantorganism耐污种 tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘 / 氧化塘 / 生物塘 purification pond生物膜 biomembrane; biological film轮作 crop rotation间作 intercropping套种 interplanting基塘模式 farm land and fish pond model防范林带 shelter belt沼气 marsh gas农家肥 farm manure堆肥 piled manure城市热岛效应 urban heat island effect 城市生态规划 urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals;endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复 ecological restoration 恢复生态学 restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞 methyl mercury有机磷农药 organophosphorous pesticide 镉米 cadmium rice氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 农药残留 pesticide residue拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 有机氯农药 organochlorine pesticide植物生长调治剂growth regulator化学致癌物 chemical carcinogen表面活性剂 surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类 polyaromtic hydrocarbon;PAH 催化（催化作用） catalysis臭氧化 ozonization光化学氧化剂 photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN 干沉降 dry deposition湿沉降 wet deposition光化学烟雾 photochemical smog大气光化学 atmospheric photochemistry降水化学 precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学 aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物 suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust气溶胶 aerosol水质 water quality盐度 salinity氧化还原电位 oxidation-reduction potential ； redox potential溶解氧 dissolved oxygen化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand 总有机碳 total organic carbon溶解度 solubility齐聚 aggregation絮凝 flocculation凝聚 coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取 extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线） oxygen balance model吸取剂 ( 吸附剂 )absorbent活性炭 active carbon氧化剂 oxidant还原剂 reductant胶团 micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂 desulfurization agent 电渗析 electrodialysis萃取剂 extracting agent过滤 filter絮凝剂 flocculant ； flocculating agent 无机絮凝剂 inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂 organic polymer flocculant中和法 neutralization反浸透膜 reverse osmosis membrane硅胶 silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜 ultrafilter membrane矫捷度 sensitivity正确度 accuracy精美度 precision可靠性 reliability检测限 detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error有时误差accidental error平均误差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance赞同误差allowable error赞同浓度 allowable concentration微量解析 microanalysis痕量解析trace analysis现场解析in-situ analysis仪器解析 instrumental analysis 水质解析 water quality analysis 比色解析 colorimetric analysis 沉降解析 sedimentation analysis自动解析automatic analysis原子吸取分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸取分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法 atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪 atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学解析法 electrochemical method 高效液相色谱法 high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquidchromatograph气相色谱解析 gas chromatography气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph 采样器 sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH 计 pH meter湿度计 hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution搬动大气污染源mobile sources of airpollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution搬动式水污染源 mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源检查 survey of pollution sources无污染工艺 pollution-free technology 无污染装置 pollution-freeinstallation污染物总量控制 total amount control of pollution水质参数 water quality parameter水温 water temperature色度 color index透明度 transparency污浊度 turbidity硬度 hardness感官污介入标sensuous pollution index毒理学污介入标physical pollution index 化学污介入标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污介入标toxicological pollutionindex城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater老例解析指标 index of routine analysis环境监测 environmental monitoring 过程监测 course monitoring污染物排放标准 pollution discharge standard总量排放标准 total amount of pollution discharge standard 优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体 total solids可吸入微粒 ( 可吸入尘和飘尘 )inhale particles浊度计 turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol空白实验值blank value平行样 duplicate samples再现性 ( 重现性 )reproducibility重复性 repeatability回收率 recovery rate检出限 detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸取光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量解析gravimetric analysis内标法 internal marker method定性解析qualitative analysis定量解析quantitive analysis试样前办理pre-treatment均值 mean value标准差 standard error方差 variation回归解析regression analysis相关解析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留解析pesticide residue analysis 排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净 self-purification of water body 水土保持 soil and water conservation水土流失 soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解 photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射 ( 光)visible radiation相对湿度relative humidity红外线 infrared ray饱和度saturation ratio紫外线 ultraviolet ray冷凝condensation灭菌灯 bactericidal lamp露点温度dew point temperature 光污染 light pollution热辐射thermal radiation噪声污染noise pollution比热specific heat混响 reverberation空气调治air conditioning听力损失hearing loss通风ventilation绝对湿度absolute humidity环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated preventionand control of pollution环境功能区划 environmental function zoning稀释比 dilution ratio迁移 transfer紊流扩散 turbulent diffusion氧亏 ( 亏氧量 )oxygen deficit复氧 reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线 dissolved-oxygen sag curve饱和溶解氧 saturated dissolved无污染燃料 pollution-free fuel燃烧 combustion空气－燃料比 air-to-fuel ratio烟气解析 analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用 comprehensive utilizationof coal气布比 air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘 electrostatic precipitator (ESP)高压脉冲静电除尘器 pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器 wet electrostatic precipitator双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）重力喷雾洗涤器 gravitational spray 脱硫 desulfurization除尘效率 particle collection efficiency切割粒径 cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器 mechanical collector重力沉降室 gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器 inertial dust separator旋风除尘器 cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器 filter袋式除尘器 bag house滤料 filtration media电晕放电 corona discharge驱进速度 drift velocity集尘极 collecting electrode板间距 distance between collecting electrodes电极清灰 removal of collected particlefrom electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitatortwo-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates scrubber旋风冲洗器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器 ]cyclone spray scrubber泡沫冲洗塔 foam tower scrubber 填料床冲洗器 packed bed scrubber 文丘里冲洗器 venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂 catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫 wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization bylime and limestone氨吸取法脱硫 ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫 dry process FGD吸取法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸取法脱氮 control of NO by absorptionxprocess with water酸吸取法脱氮 control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸取法脱氮 control of x NOby absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮 control of NO byx立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular gritsettling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeterflow grit settling tank重力排砂 grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器 hydraulic cyclone积淀池 settling tank重力积淀池 gravity settling tank浓缩式积淀池 thickening settling tank竖流折板絮凝池 vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池 mechanical mixing flocculating tank加压溶气气浮法 pressure dissolved-air floatation adsorption process with molecular sieve 硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder集气罩 capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmission干净生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水 electroplating wastewater给水办理厂 water treatment plant 污水办理厂 wastewater treatment给水（污水）办理修筑物water（sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调治池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅 grill筛网 grid screen沉砂池 grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settlingtank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank辐流式积淀池radial settling tank平流式积淀池 horizontal settling tank竖流式积淀池 vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier颗粒自由沉降 particle free sediment絮凝沉降 flocculation sedimentation拥挤沉降 hindered sedimentation 气浮池 floatation basin微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池 filter重力过滤法 gravity filtration process 压力过滤法 pressure filtration process 真空过滤法 vacuum filtration process快滤池 rapid filtration慢滤池 slow filtration接触滤池 contact filter双向滤池 bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池 double layer filter无阀滤池 non-valve filter虹吸滤池 siphon filter压力滤池 pressure filterV 型滤池 aquazur V-filter砂滤 sand filtration微滤机 microstrainer滤池冲刷强度backwashing intensity of filter滤层 filter material layer滤料承托层 holding layer for filter material斜板隔油积淀池oil trap with slope plank 冷却塔 cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池 reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分别法 membrane separation method节余污泥 surplus sludge初次积淀池primary sedimentation basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄 sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking 半浸透膜 semi-permeable membrane电渗析 electrodialysis反浸透 reverse osmosis离子交换膜 ion exchange membrane萃取 extraction汽提 stripping吹脱法 blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分别法 magnetic isolation method 光催化氧化 optical catalysis oxidation 消融水办理 softening water treatment石灰－纯碱消融法 lime-sodium carbonate softening method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法 activated sludge process回流污泥 return sludge曝气池 aeration推流式曝气池 plug-flow aeration basin 一般活性污泥法 conventional activatedsludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法 extended aeration method加速曝气法 accelerant aeration method深井曝气法 deep well aeration method鼓风曝气装置blast aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biologicalfilter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池 tower biological filer生物转盘 biological rotating disc 生物流化床 biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池 activated biofilter化粪池 septic tank污水硝化脱氮办理 nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理 nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理n itrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地办理系统 land treatment system氧化塘 oxidation pond好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system( 需氧池－间歇池 )A /O 工艺 anoxic/ oxic1A2/O 工艺 anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺 phostriop processBardenpho 工艺 Bardenpho process Phoredox 工艺 Phoredox processUCT工艺 university of cape townVIP 工艺 Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest 序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟 oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒 disinfection灭菌 sterilization加氯机 chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection b ybleachingpowder紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒 disinfection by chlorine液氯 liquified chlorine gas需氯量 chlorine demand余氯 chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯 combined chlorine residual折点加氯 chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒 disinfection by hydrogenperoxide除味 taste removal除臭 odor removal脱色 decoloration生污泥 undigested sludge熟污泥 digested sludge污泥办理disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilizationof sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥燃烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering byvacuumfilter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate framepress filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering byrollpress带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt pressfilter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化办理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵办理sludge composting and fermentation污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率 gas production rate of sludge 污泥干化场 sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumpingofmunicipal solid wastes助燃空气系统 air injection system城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法 sanitary余热利用 heat utilizationlandfilling of municipal solid wastes燃烧灰渣 ash城市生活垃圾焚烧法 incineration of水泥固化技术 cement solidification municipal solid wastes石灰固化 lime solidification城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal沥青固化技术 asphalt solidificationsolid wastes固体废物预办理 preliminary treatment of 城市生活垃圾收集 collection of solid wastesmunicipal solid wastes破碎 crushing of solid wastes垃圾收费 refuse taxing筛分 screening of solid wastes废电池 used battery风力分选 wind separation有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial放射性固体废物 radioactive solid waste wastes声级计 sound level meter医疗废物 health care wastes消声室 anechoic room; anechoic chamber;堆肥 composting dead room填埋场 landfill混响室 reverberation room渗滤液 leachate treatment隔声 sound insulation燃烧炉 incineration furnaces吸声 muffler环境卫生学 environmental hygiene 环境毒理学 environmental toxicology 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病 endemic disease氟斑牙 dental fluorosis职业病 occupational disease慢性毒性 chronic toxicity 急性毒性 acute toxicity致癌物 carcinogen变异 variation病原体 pathogen抗体 antibody抗原 antigen突变 mutation病毒 virus存储器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis环境医学致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量 intake dose吸取量 absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度 maximum permissibleconcentration致死量 lethal dose半致死浓度median lethalconcentration(LD50)剂量－反应关系dose-responserelationship恶臭 offensive odor共同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值 threshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible populatio环境管理学环境管理学environmental management环境合适度environmental suitability science环境区划environmental zoning环境伦理学environmental ethics环境展望environmental forecasting环境质量管理management of环境质量评价environmental quality environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析 environmental decision analysis总量控制total discharge control of pollutant浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察 environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育 environmental propagandaand education环境意识 environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书 report on environmentalquality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众建议听证会 public hearing循环经济 cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention,combining prevention and control, and integratedcontrol全面现划、合理布局原则principle ofoverall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理 polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle ofcomprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinateddevelopment国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区 national ecologicaldemonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system forenvironmental management环境专家系统environmentalexpert system环境监测 environment monitoring环境标志 environmental label 干净生产 cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学 science of environmental law限时治理制度 system of eliminating and环境保护法 environmental protection law controlling environmental pollution 公害法 public nuisance law within a prescribed time环境行政法规 administrative regulations现场检查制度system of on-site of environment inspection环境部门规章 departmental rules of环境污染事故报告制度 system of environment environmental pollution accident 污染物排放标准 pollutant discharge reportingstandard《中华人民共和国环境保护法》“三同时”制度 three simultaneitysystem Environmental Protection Law of the 排污审报登记制度 declaration and People ’ s Republic of Chinaregistration system of pollution《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of discharge the People ’ s Republic of China on 排污许可证制度 permit system of prevention and control of water pollutant discharge pollution排污收费制度 system of effluent《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law ofthe People ’ s Republic of China on《全国生态环境保护纲要》 national prevention and control of atmospheric compendiumoneco-environmentalpollution protection《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》地表水环境质量标准 environmental law of the People’ s Republic of China quality standard for surface wateron prevention and control of pollution地下水质量标准 quality standard for from environmental noise ground water《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》农业灌溉水质标准standard for law of the People’ s Republic of China irrigation water qualityon prevention and control of污水综合排放标准 integrated wastewater environmental pollution by solid waste discharge standard《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine大气污染物综合排放标准 integrated environmentprotection law of the emission standard of air pollutantsPeople ’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》 nationaleco-environmental construction plan环境经济学循环经济模式 circular economy type牧童经济 the shepherd economy3R 原则 the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学 eco-economics 共有资源 common resources 外面经济性 external economics外面不经济性 external diseconomics外面成本 external cost边缘功能marginal utility边缘收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本 natural capital公正 equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色公民帐户green national account可连续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策 trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national production(GNP)国民生产净值net national production(NNP)公民收入national income 环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率 reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算 material balance counting影子价格 shadow price 现行价格present price 贴现 discount机遇成本opportunity cost运行花销operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益解析cost and benefit analysis环境花销environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits 生态踪影the ecological footprint环境税 environmental tax资源财富assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准 minimum standard of security代际公正 equality between generation尾端控制 terminal control公地的悲剧 tragedy of the public pasture 中间产品 intermediate product 最后产品 final product直接污染物产生 / 排放系数 direct ratepollutant generation/discharge人口计划生育率 populationplanning coefficient fertility rate累积污染物产生 / 排放系数 cumulate平均寿命 average lifepollutant generation/discharge人口年龄金字塔 population age pyramid coefficient人口老化 population aging排污收费 charge from discharge pollutant人口节余 over-population污染者负担原则polluter pay principle人口爆炸 population explosion资源税 resource tax计划生育 family planning人口出生率 population birth rate人口统计 population statistics人口死亡率 population mortality rate人口普查 population census人口自然增添率population nature growth环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式 multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式 inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲 environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计 design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参加public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china。
（完整版）环境专业英语
（完整版）环境专业英语环境：environment 环境工程： environmental engineering环境保护：environmental protection 环境意识：environmental consciousness/awareness环境问题：environmental issue/problem 环境效应：environmental effect环境污染：environmental pollution 环境要素：environmental elements环境因子：environmental factors 环境化学：environmental chemistry环境生态学：environmental ecology 环境质量：environmental quality环境自净作用：environmental self-purification/self-cleansing 水环境：watershed 水体：water body 流域：watershed水质：water quality 水资源：water resources 供水：water supply废水：waste water 水处理：water treatment物理性水质指标：physical indicate of water quality 水污染物：water pollutant生物性水质指标：biological water-quality index 水质标准：water quality standard化学性水质指标：chemical water-quality index物理处理：physical treatment 过滤：screening 生物处理：biological treatment沉淀：sedimentation 化学处理：chemical treatment 气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemical treatment 蒸发：evaporation 稀释：dilution 扩散：dispersion 吹脱：stripping 好氧处理：aerobic treatment 生物膜法：bio-membraneprocess厌氧处理：anaerobic treatment 生物滤池：trickling filters活性污泥法：activated sludge process 生物接触氧化：biological contactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯 Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket 活性污泥：activated sludge 改进型：modification一级处理：primary treatment 二级处理：secondary treatment三级处理：tertiary treatment 高级氧化处理：advanced treatment生活污水：domestic wastewater 生产废水：industrial wastewater城市生活污水：municipal wastewater 电镀废水：metalplating plants印染废水：pulp and paper industries wastewater 浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness 水质净化：water quality purifies混凝沉淀：coagulate flocculating agent 活性炭吸附：activated carbon adsorption隔油池：oil separation tank 中和池：neutralization tank 调节池：adjusting tank 生物反应池：biological reactor 加药设备：physical equipment沉淀池：sedimentation tank 初沉池：primary sedimentation tank二沉池：secondary sedimentation tank 絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulate flocculant 生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation 飘尘：floating dust可吸入颗粒物：inhalable particles 能见度：visibility 酸雨：acid rain一次污染物：primary pollutant 二次污染物：secondary pollutant氮氧化物：nitrogen oxides 硫氧化物：sulfur oxides硫化氢：hydrogen sulfide 碳氧化物：carbon oxides 硝酸：nitric acid盐酸：hydrochloric acid 硫酸：sulfuric acid 二氧化硫：sulfur dioxide除尘工艺：Dust removal 吸收：absorption 吸附：adsorption 静电除尘：electric dust precipitation 重力除尘：gravitational settling 臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemical smoke 喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging土壤：soil 热污染：temperature change/thermal pollution 噪声：noise 放射性：radioactivity EIA：environmental impact assessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computer aided design 大气污染控制工程：air pollution control 水污染控制工程：water pollution control 固体废物污染控制工程：solid waste management 污染源：pollution source 同化作用：assimilation 固体废物：solid wastes 危险废物：hazardous wastes 化学污泥chemical sludge生物污泥：biological sludge 工业固废：industrialwastes 分选处理：separation treatment 矿业固废：mine solid wastes 破碎处理：processing 农业固废：agriculture solid wastes 压实处理：reduction in volume 污泥脱水：disposal of the sludge 污泥浓缩：sludge thickening 带式压滤：Belt filter press离心脱水：centrifugal dewatering 筛分：screening 沼气和沼气化：biogas堆肥和堆肥化：compost and composting 生物转化作用：biotransformation热解与焚烧：pyrolysis and incineration 热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical固化和稳定化作用：solidification and stabilization 资源化：resource减量化：pollution control 无害化：harmlessness 物质转化：material conversion固体废物全过程控制：solid waste integrated control固体废物污染控制：solid waster pollution 处置：disposal 物质回收：materials recovery control 固体废物处理：processing and recovery 能量回收：energy recovery能量转化：energy conversionenvironmental science 环境科学environmental engineering 环境工程 waste reduction 废物减量化 air pollution control 大气污染控制 wastewater treatment 污水处理solid waste treatment and disposal 固体废物处理与处置soil erosion 水土流失 thermal pollution 热污染 biological communities 生物群落ecosystem 生态系统green science and technology 绿色科技和技术primary pollutant: 一次污染物 secondary pollutant: 二次污染物 carbon dioxide: 二氧化碳methane: 甲烷fossil fuel: 化石（矿物）燃料 power plant: 电厂hydroelectric power: 水力发电clean energy: 清洁能源renewable energy:可再生能源automobile exhaust (emission): 汽车尾气greenhouse effect (gas): 温室效应（气体）air pollution control engineering: 大气污染控制工程cyclone: 旋风除尘器pressure drop: 压力损失，压力降baghouse: 袋式除尘器operating temperature: 操作温度spray tower:喷淋塔 sanitarylandfill:卫生填埋municipal wastewater=sewage=domestic sewage= sanitary sewage: 市政污水，生活污水point source: 点源non-point source: 非点源（面源）pretreatment: 预处理primary treatment: 初（一）级处理secondary treatment: 二级处理tertiary or advanced treatment: 三级处理，深度处理 trickling filter: 滴滤池 activated sludge: 活性污泥 bar rack or screen: 格栅grit chamber: 沉砂池 equalization tank: 调节池 primary settling tank: 初沉池secondary settling tank: 二沉池sustainable development: 可持续发展 recycling economy: 循环经济the sources and sinks of pollutants: 污染物的源与汇 aeration tank: 曝气池aerator: 曝气池，曝气器sedimentation tank: 沉淀池disinfection: 消毒 eutrophication: 富营养化 oxidation ditch: 氧化沟aerobic decomposition 好氧分解 anoxic decomposition缺氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解hydraulic retention time: （水力）停留时间flue gas: 烟气 biodegradable: 可生物降解的 refractory: 难降解的（常用）nondegradable: 不可降解的 acoustical material: 声学材料 soil conditioner: 土壤改良剂 extreme temperature: 极端温度 environmental quality: 环境质量Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water 地表水环境质量标准Ambient Air Quality Standards 环境空气质量标准Environmental Quality Standards for Noise 声环境质量标准缩略词：EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment, 环境影响评价SS：Suspended Solid 悬浮物BOD：Biochemical Oxygen Demand 生化需氧量COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand 化学需氧量 TOC: Total Organic Carbon 总有机碳WWTP : Wastewater Treatment Plant 污水处理厂SBR: Sequencing Batch Reactor 序批式反应池 RBC: Rotating Biological Contactor 生物转盘 SRT: Sludge Retention Time 污泥龄（污泥停留时间） EPA: Environmental Protection Agency 环境保护署ISO: International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织 EMS: Environmental Management System 环境管理系统 RS: Remote Sensing 遥感GPS: Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GIS: Geographic Information System 地理信息系统TSP: Total Suspended Particulates 总悬浮颗粒物。
环境科学概论教学课件(第一讲)英文版PPT
Main topics of this chapter
• The Nature of Environmental Science • An Ecosystem Approach • Political and Economic Issues • The global nature of Environmental Concerns • Regional Environmental Concerns • The Wilderness North • The Agricultural Middle • The Dry West • The Froested West • The Great lakes and Industrial Northeast • The Diverse South
14
CHAPTER ONE Environmental Interrelationships
OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Understand why environmental problems are complex and interrelated. Realize that environmental problems involve social, political, and economic issues, not just scientific issues. Understand that acceptable solutions to environmental problems are not often easy to achieve. Understand that all organisms have an impact on their surroundings. Understand what is meant by an ecosystem approach to environmental problem solving. Recognize that different geographic regions have somewhat different environmental problems, but the process for resolving them is the same and involves compromise.
环境科学概论 INTRODUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies and methods ? 4. Which type of environmental filed do you want to engage in your future work? What
Environment is the complex of nature, social, culture and economy other than human being.
1.1.2 Environmental types
According to the subject
According to the cause of formation
The environment researched in Environmental Science is the external world where human beings are the mainstay, the complex of material condition supporting human survival and development, including the natural environment and artificial environment (Liu Peitong, 1984).
Examples of diversity of natural enviroment
环境科学概论INTRODUCTIONOFENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE
绿色卡片：《我们共同的未来》
• • •
（Our Common Future）
•
1987年以挪威首相布伦特兰夫人为首的世界环境与发展委员 会（WECD），发表了《我们共同的未来》。 背景：印度博帕尔农药厂化学品泄露；前苏联切尔诺贝利核 反应堆爆炸；温室效应引起全球温度升高…… 主要内容：分为 “共同的问题”，“共同的挑战”，“共同 的努力” 三个部分，深刻指出不仅要关注经济发展对生态环 境的影响，而且应该认识到生态破坏对经济发展的重大影响， 第一次回答了《寂静的春天》中的“另外的道路”——“可 持续发展道路”即既满足当代人的需要，又不损害后代人满 足需要的能力。 意义：是环境与发展思想的飞跃，把人们从单纯考虑环境保 护的角度引导到环境保护与人类发展相结合的发展思路，使 可持续发展的思想和战略逐步得到各国政府和人民的认同。
1.4 学习目标与要求
环境科学重要特点：
1. 学科任务明确 2. 正确、公平的资源观、价值观和道德观开始形成 3. 研究 方法和手段先进和多样化 4· 研究内容丰富 5· 环境的整体性、区域性、相对稳定性以及环境变化的 滞后性等特性，决定了环境科学的综合性、复杂性和 多学科交叉的特点
1.4.1 学习目标
案例分析和SEMINAR）
•
学习要求（认真态度、参与程度、提问、测验、 考试）
1.2.2 环境科学研究对象
•环境科学以“人类—环境”这一矛盾体为其特定的研究对象，
•内容：研究“人类—环境”之间的对立统一关系，
•目的：探讨人类社会持续发展对环境的影响及环境质量的变
化规律，从而通过调整人类自身的行为来保护和改善环境，
为社会、经济、环境的可持续发展提供科学依据。
1.2.3 环境科学研究任务
环境科学概论课程教学大纲
《环境科学概论》课程教学大纲课程代码：080232012课程英文名称：Introduction to environmental science课程总学时：32 讲课：32 实验：0 上机：0适用专业：环境工程环境科学其它非专业大纲编写（修订）时间：2017.6一、大纲使用说明（一）课程的地位及教学目标《环境科学概论》是环境工程专业必修的一门重要的专业基础课程。
它以人类生态系统为研究对象，系统论述人类生态系统环境的发生和发展，以及人类活动引起的主要环境问题、污染物在环境中的迁移转化规律。
阐述环境科学分支学科及其在环境治理与保护中的作用。
使学生能够分析污染控制工程、环境污染综合防治对可持续发展的影响，并培养学生自学能力与终身学习能力。
（二）知识、能力及技能方面的基本要求１.环境概念、环境基础理论、环境问题等基础知识；２.环境基础学科、环境分支学科体系；３.环境问题产生原理及防治途径与手段。
４.培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力；５.培养学生自学与终身学习能力。
（三）实施说明1.教学方法。
重点讲述课程难点，以学生课后自主学习为主，重点培养学生的自主学习、终身学习意识，具有不断适应环境与发展的能力。
2.教学手段。
以学生为中心，教师引导为主，课堂与课外结合方式，重点培养学生的自主学习、终生学习能力。
3.适当聘请校外管理与技术人员开展环境保护讲座。
（四）对先修课的要求先修物理、化学课程。
（五）对习题课、实践环节的要求学生根据所学知识及课外查阅文献，学会循序渐进运用所学知识分析环境问题、综合进行环境保护与污染防治。
（六）课程考核方式1.考核方式：考查2.考核目标：重点考核学生掌握的概念及基础理论，综合分析环境问题并进行污染综合防治。
3.成绩构成平时成绩0-50%，大作业占50-100%。
（七）参考书目1.《环境科学概论》，杨志峰、刘静玲编，高等教育出版社，2012.10；2.《环境科学概论》，方淑荣编，清华大学出版社，2011.7；3.《可持续发展与生态文明》，周敬宣，化学工业出版社，2009.9；4.《环境学导论》，王羽亭、井文涌、何强编，北京清华大学出版社，1985.9；5.《可持续发展导论》， Rogers.P.P、Jalal.K.F、郝吉明等，化学工业出版社，2008.7；二、中文摘要以人─地环境复合系统的基本原理为依据，系统论述了环境的发生和发展，并深入剖析了环境问题产生的根源，系统阐述了环境科学及其相关交叉学科的基础理论和规律，结合学科前沿领域、热点问题及最新的研究成果，探讨实现可持续发展的有效途径。
《环境科学概论》教学大纲
《环境科学概论（双语）》教学大纲课程英文名称Introduction of Environmental Science（bilingual course）课程代码：33100210开课单位：环境科学与工程学院课程名称：环境科学概论英文名称：Introduction of EnvironmentalScience（bilingual course）课程性质：专业课（选修课）适用专业：环境工程总学时数：24 总学分数：1.5一、课程简介课程简介（中文）本课程是为一门导论课程，中心主题是交叉关系并主要集中于主要问题及列举合适的实例说明环境因子之间及其与人类活动之间复杂的相互作用关系。
通过该课程的学习，使学生对人类社会与环境的关系，人类活动对环境的影响，人类对环境问题产生的原因，环境科学的基本原理以及现代环境理念、环境科学研究的基本内容、基本方法等方面的问题有初步了解，为进一步深入学习环境科学方面的专业知识打下良好基础。
Course introductionThis course is an introductory course. The central theme of this course is interrelationship, focusing mainly on the main problems and listing suitable examples to illustrate the complex interaction between environmental factors and human activities. Through the study of this course, the students will have a preliminary understanding of the relationship between human society and environment, the impact of human activities on the environment, the causes of human environmental problems, the basic principles of environmental science, the basic concepts of modern environmental science, the basic contents and methods of Environmental Science research, and so on, so as to lay a good foundation for further in-depth study ofprofessional knowledge of environmental science.二、课程目标与毕业要求1. 了解环境科学的基本概念，重点认识环境要素的特性及相互作用关系。
《环境科学概论》课程教学大纲.doc
二、课程内容与学时分《环境科学概论》课程教学大纲课程代码：课程负责人：课程中文名称:环境科学概论课程英文名称:Environment Science Generality课程类别：必修课程学分数：2 课程学时数：36 授课对象：坏境科学本课程的前导课程：无一、教学目的和要求通过该课程的学习，使学生对人类社会与环境的关系，人类活动对环境的影响，人类对环境问题产生的原因，环境科学的基本原理以及现代环境理念、环境科学研究的基本内容、基本方法等方而的问题有一初步了解，为进一步深入学习环境科学方而的专业知识打下良好基础。
课程内容与学时分配农内容学时绪论6学时|勺然环境3学时社会环境3学时环境污染与防治9学时环境价值与经济6学时环境管理3学时环境理念与伦理观3学时生态文明与可持续发展3学时第一章绪论第一节环境的基木概念•、环境的定义二、环境的纽成与分类三、环境要素与环境质景四、环境的功能与特征第二节环境问题一、环境问题的基本概念二、环境问题的产生和发展三、全球环境问题第三节环境科学一、环境科学的定义二、环境科学的研究对象、目的和任务三、环境科学的研究内容和特点四、环境科学的形成与发展五、环境科学的分支学科六、环境科学的研究方法七、环境科学的未来本章重点讲授：请授课老师填写第二章白然环境第一节地球环境一、地球的形成二、地球的圈层结构第二节生态系统一、生态系统的概念及纽成二、生态系统的类型及特性三、生态系统的结构与功能四、生态系统的演化与平衡第三节自然资源一、自然资源的基本概念及分类二、水资源三、土地资源四、矿产资源五、生物资源六、能源本章重点讲授：请授课老师填写第三章社会环境第一节人类社会的文明进程一、史前文明二、农业文明三、工业文明四、生态文明第二节人口与环境一、人口与人口过程二、世界人口发展状况三、中国人口发展状况四、人口增长対环境的影响五、地球人口环境容量第三节城市环境一、城市的形成与发展二、城市化及英进程三、城市化进程中产生的生态环境问题四、城市生态系统五、保护和改善城市生态环境的措施六、生态城市及英建设第四节经济与环境一、人类活动的环境影响方程二、环境库兹涅茨曲线三、环境保护与经济发展的辩证关系艸、工业发展模式第五节社会环境一、政治与环境二、国际关系与环境三、法律与环境四、军事行动与环境五、贸易与环境第六节人与自然的协调发展一、人类社会可持续发展二、人与白然协调发展本章重点讲授：请授课老师填写第四章环境污染与防治第一节环境污染一、水体污染二、大气污染三、土壤污染四、固体废弃物污染五、有毒化学品污染六、环境噪声污染第二节环境污染治理与控制一、水污染治理与控制二、大气污染治理与控制三、土壤污染治理与控制四、固体废物污染治理与控制五、有毒化学殆污染治理与控制六、环境噪声污染的治理与控制第三节环境污染预防一、环境污染预防概述二、工业污染预防技术三、污染预防计划四、污染预防的法律法规与策略五、污染预防的教育与研究本章重点讲授：请授课教师填写第五章环境价值与经济第一节环境介质理论一、环境价值的构成二、环境价值评估的理论基础第二节环境价值的评估方法一、克接市场评价法二、揭示偏好评价法三、意愿调查评价法四、评价方法的选择第三节环境价值评估的应用一、费用效益分析二、环境经济核算三、环境污染损害赔偿第四节环境经济手段一、环境经济手段的界定和分类二、排污收费三、排污权交易四、环境税五、生态补偿第五节循环经济一、循环经济的含义与特征二、循环经济的基本原则三、循环经济的层次四、循环经济发展评价本章重点讲授：请授课教师填写第六章环境管理第一节环境管理概述一、环境管理的概念二、环境管理的特点三、环境管理的主要内容四、环境管理的主耍方法和于-段第二节环境规划管理一、环境规划的概念二、环境规划的类型及内容三、环境规划的作用第三节环境政策管理一、环境政策的概念二、环境管理政策工具三、中国环境政策体系第四节中国环境管理制度一、基本框架二、环境影响评价制度三、'‘三同吋”制度四、排污收费制度五、污染物排放总量控制与排污许可证制度六、限期治理制度七、污染集中控制制度八、环境保护目标责任制九、城市环境综合整治定量考核制度第五节环境法制管理一、环境法及环境法制二、环境法在环境管理中的地位三、中国环境法律体系四、环境法律责任第六节生产过程的环境管理一、污染控制模式的转变二、可持续发展战略第七节环境保护的国际行动一、国际环境会议二、国际环保机构和纽织三、国际环保活动四、环境日五、环境教育六、环境保护公约本章重点讲授：请授课教师填写第七章环境理念与伦理观第一节人类的环境观一、人类对环境的认识及其发展二、传统环境观三、现代环境观第二节环境伦理观一、环境伦理观的概念二、环境伦理学第三节环境伦理的基本原则和主耍道徳规范一、环境伦理的基本原则二、环境道徳的主要规范三、环境道徳范畴四、环境道徳行为评价与教育第四节环境伦理观的实践一、决策和管理中的环境伦理二、经济活动中的环境伦理三、社会发展中的环境伦理以、法制中的环境伦理五、科学发展观中的环境伦理本章主要讲授：环境伦理学的基本概念、内容、流派；环境伦理学的发生发展；环境伦理在社会经济等活动中应用与实践。
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Environment: the total of our surroundings
• All the things around us with which we interact: Biotic vs. Abiotic
• Living things
• Animals, plants, forests, fungi, etc. • Nonliving things • Continents, oceans, clouds, soil, rocks • Our built environment
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
3.14(12,800km) = 40,200km 3.14(8,000mi) = 25,000mi 25,000mi/(70mi/hr) = 360hrs = 15days 25,000mi/(600mi/hr) = 42hrs ~ 2days
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
®® PowerPoint Slides prepared by PowerPoint Slides prepared by Jay Withgott and Heidi Marcum Jay Withgott and Heidi Marcum Modified & enforced by M.-H. Kim
Conflicts of Natural World (Planet Earth) vs. Mankind
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
1l help you understand:
“What are the Major Problems the World is facing currently?”
•
Wars, Conflicts between Nations, Different Groups of People:
To Understand Others for harmonious co-existence among different groups of peoples.
• The scientific method and how science operates
• Some pressures facing the global environment – what are the major problems ? • Sustainability and sustainable development
Caused by nations and groups to promote self-interests:
Conflicts of Mankind vs. Mankind
Gap between Rich & Poor, & other Socio-Economic Political Issues:
Mantle, Cores
•Hydrosphere:
(oceans)
Mariana Trench (6.9mi) ~ 0.2 %
• Atmosphere: ~1%:
30 km (99% of air)
extends to 120 km
• Biosphere:
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Conflicts of Micro-organism vs. Mankind
Environmental Problems: New problems since 1960s, Half-century old pollution, destruction of ecosystems, extinction, population, and energy Over-exploitation of nature in non-sustainable ways. Environmental Science, Ecology, or Geology Thyeogony, Hesiod
Part 1: Foundations of Environmental Science
Ch 3 Ch 1
An Introduction to Chapter title Science Environmental
Part title Overview A General
1st Mt start (6/9/09)
Geography (Human), World History, Religions, Philosophy Political Science, Sociology, Economics, Ethics, etc.
• •
Diseases, and Healthcare: Biology, Medicines, etc.
“Earth is a tiny fragile spaceship in a vast universe.”
Atmosphere : ~ 1% of the Diameter
Planet Earth
• Geoshpere
(Lithosphere): Crust: < 1% (Thin)
Everest: 8.85 km
Chap 1 A General Overview • The meaning of the term environment • The importance of natural resources • That environmental science is interdisciplinary