简单句课件

10. She is very friendly. 12. I have had a good time .
13. I found him talking. 14. This English book is very interesting.
主 + 谓 ：（ 4, 11 主 + 谓 + 宾 ：（ 3, 6, 8, 12 主 + 系 + 表 ： ( 1, 5, 10, 14 主 + 谓 + 双宾 ：( 2, 7, 9 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 ：( 13 ） ） ) ) )
不及物动词与及物动词的转换
• vi+介词+宾语=vt+宾语 • live in China= • visit China
基本句型 二
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动 词分两类：be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound 等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什 么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词 仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand
6. My father bought a book for me .
Exercises : 3. 翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：
1. 我经常在早晨读英语。 2. 玛丽是个聪明的学生。 3. 我的老师交给我一封信 4. 我母亲经常叫我努力学习。 5. 我们叫我们的老师王先生 6. 他正在房里做家庭作业。
There
is an English dictionary on the
desk. There is no water in the glass. There are many people in the room. The happened to be no people in the hall. There stands a tall building . There lives an old man by the sea.
Ｃ（宾补） clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus.
注意；
S
+ V.t. +形式宾语 it+宾补+真正 宾语
think it important to learn English.
We
句子成分详解
句子成分 主语 意义 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 用来修饰名词或代词 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 充当词类 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 动词或动词词组 同主语 同主语 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 副词，介词短语或句 子 形容词，名词，介词 短语等 例句 We study in Meilong Middle School. She is dancing under the tree. Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. We have seven lessons every day. He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood. She always keeps the house clean.
主语、谓语（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动 词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完 整的句子一般至少包含2--4个基本成分。定语及状语可以 称为附属句子成分。
基本句型
一
Ｓ +Ｖi（主＋谓）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点， 即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的 意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后 面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从 句等。
Exercises : 2. 更正下列句子的错误
1. He came the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 1. He came into the room
2. The music sounds wonderful
状态：seem, appear, prove --感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look --变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow --持续：remain, stay, keep, continue ---
其 它 系动词
Ｓ 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7 The weather 8. His face
注；在结构中，主语与在数上保持一致， 若有两个以上主语时，遵循就近一致原 则
There
is a book and two pens on the desk . There are two pens and a book on the desk.
判断下列句子属于何种句式． a. You are sitting on the train home. 主+谓 主+谓 b.There comes the bus ! c. The ego’s potential for expansion is limitless. 主+系 +表 a. Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.
1. I 2. 3.
often read English in the morning.
主+谓+宾 主+系+表 主 + 谓 + 双宾 主+ 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
Mary is a clever student. My teacher gave me a letter.
Ｓ 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I
Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语） keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them
Ｓ +Ｖt +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动 词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作， 但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个 宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完 整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
Ｓ 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He
谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
宾语 补足语
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
简单句的五种基本句型
• 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
• 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表 • 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 •主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾 • 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋宾语 ＋宾语补语
There + be / stand/ lie / live...
主+谓 +宾
a. There existed a nation in the ocean. There be 句型 a. Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.
主+动 +间宾 +直宾
b.We think it our duty to study well. 主+谓 +宾 +补
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Ｏ（多指物） a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run themachine. that the bus was late.
基本句型 五
Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词 虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补 充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ 1. She 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He
Ｖ（及 物） passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed
IO（多 指人） him her husband you her him him me
Ｖ（是系动词） Ｐ(表语) an English dictionary. is good. smells happy. fell different. looks tall and strong. is interesting. is warmer. became red. turned
基本句型 三
基本句型 四 Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语 动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意 思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者， 另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连 接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承 受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
Ｖ（实义动词） knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said
Ｏ(宾语) the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. oranges. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
3. I have seen the film.
4. He gave a pen to me.
5. The boss made the boy work hard.
5. The boss made the boy to work hard.
6. My father bought a book to me.
我认为学习外语很重要。
Summary
简 单 句 的 基 本 句 型
1.主语+系动词+表语
2.主语+不及物动词 3.主语+及物动词+宾语 4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语 +直接宾语 5.主语+及物动词+宾语 +宾 语补足语
6. There be / v.i. + S(主语） 表示某事某处有某人某物 常见动词： seem(to be), happen(to be), used to be ,live, stand, come, go, etc.
Exercises : 1. 把下列简单句按基本句型分类：
1. No body is here. 2. He passed me a cup of tea. 11. I can swim. 3. Tom doesn’t know the pop star.
4.My mother stays at home. 5. The milk tastes good. 6. The car caught fire. 8. He is reading a book. 7. The teacher has told me the fact. 9. He gave me a lecture yesterday.
Ｓ
Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They
flies. rose. cooked. eat and drink. laughed. woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday. is playing. have gone.