倒装句语法复习
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倒装用法归纳
江苏仲卫东
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前,其中主语必须是名词,若为代词则不倒装,这种结构中谓语部分无助动词
( be , do , have )和情态动词,但可以有连系动词 be 。须用完全倒装的情况有:
1.当句首为副词 out , in , up , down , off , here ,
there 等,且主语为名词(不能为代词)时,应用完全倒装。如:
In came the doctor. 医生进来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
主语为代词时,应用部分倒装。
Look,there she is,she is at the school gate.
2. 当表示地点的介词短语位于句首,且主语为名词时,应用完全倒装。如:
On top of the hill stands a big pine tree.
山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。
Under the tree were some children.
树下有一些孩子。
3. 在 there be 结构中, there 为引导词, be 动词之后为句子的主语,属完全倒装, be 应与主语保持一致。除 be 以外,能与 there 连用的动词还有 seem , exist ,happen , appear , live , stand 等。如:
There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday. 上周日公园里有很多人。
Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people. 从前有一位对人民很残暴的国王。
4.作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短,而主语相对比较长,为了保持句子平衡而将表语前置时,句子的主谓也应完全倒装。如:
Typical for China is the crosstalk show, in which two comedians entertain the audiences with words.
中国典型的艺术形式是相声,两名演员用言语来逗乐观众。Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon.
中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。
5.某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装(或部分倒装)。如:
Long live the Chinese Communist Party!
中国共产党万岁!
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
二、部分倒装
部分倒装则是将助动词调到主语前,主语可以是名词也可以是代词。通常应使用部分倒装的情况有:
1. only 修饰时间、地点、方式、原因等状语时,主句应用部分倒装。如:
Only in this way can we solve the problem.
只有这样,我们才能解决这个问题。
Only when you told me did I know her name.
直到你告诉我,我才知道她的名字。
注意:如果 only 修饰的不是状语,则句子不倒装。如:Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.
只有李叔叔知道这件事是怎么发生的。
2. not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时,句子的主谓应
部分倒装。由 not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时,主句应部分倒装,从句语序不变。如:
Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.
直到 1998 年他才回到家乡。
Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper last night.
昨晚直到父亲回来,我们才开始吃晚饭。
注意:当 not until 引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时,句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为:
It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown. It was not until Father came back that we began to have supper last night.
3.由连接词 No sooner ... than , Scarcely ... when ,Hardly ... when 引起的主从复合句,主句应倒装,从句不倒装。如:
No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep. 他一上床就睡着了。
Hardly had I got into the classroom when it began to rain.
我刚一进教室天就下起雨来。
4. 由 not only ... but also ... 引起的并列句,若将 not only 置于句首时,该分句应部分倒装, but also 引导的分句不倒装。而由 neither ... nor ... 引起的并列句,两个分句都倒装。如:
Not only did he give me some advice, but also he lent me some money.
他不但给我提了建议,而且还借给了我一些钱。
Neither does he watch TV, nor does he see films in the evening.
他晚上既不看电视也不看电影。