英语写作常见错误与分析

英语写作常见错误与分析

下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析．
　
一． 不一致（Disagreements）
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致　时态不一致及代词不一　致等．
例１． When one have money ,he can do what he want to .
(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么．)
剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致．
改为：　Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
　

二． 修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）
英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．例１． I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末．
　

三． 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）
在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生．
例１． There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句．
改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.
　

四． 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了．
改为：
When I was ten, my grandfather died.
例１． To do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚．
改为：
To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
　

五． 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等．
例１． None can negative the importance of money.
剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。
改为：
None can deny the importance of money.
　

六． 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因

为她要她做她的伴娘。)
读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：
We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
　

七． 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
例１． There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为：
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside
world
　

八． 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例１． The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)
剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。
改为：
The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
　

九． 累赘(Redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：
In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例１． For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。
改为：
Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
　

十． 不连贯(Incoherence)
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
例１． The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。
改为：
Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

　

十一． 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)
所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。
例1．Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.



　

务必熟记的考研英语作文重点句式

1. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population.

2. It is (has been) estimated that the world's population could reach 6 billion by the end of the century.

3. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.

4. It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we can overcome.

5. As is known man is the product of labour.

6. It is a common saying that man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed.

7. It is clear that the enemy has no desire for peace.

8. It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.

9. It's hard to say whether the plan is practicable.

10. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.

11. It seems certain that they have made a series of experiments.

12. It is said that bats have been using radar for millions of years.

13. To tell the truth , many mistakes we made could have been avoided.

14. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved.

15. It must be admitted that you haven't done what you promised to do.

16. In my opinion, this computer is different from that one you saw.

17. It is certain that we have a long way to go.

18. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.

19. As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book.

20. It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms.

21. It has been decided that we are going to build a railway whose base must be completed within this year.

22. It is obvious (evident) that the success of the innovation depends on our concerted efforts.

23. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice.

24. It is natural that one may have trouble expressing complicated ideas in simple English.

25. What is more important, the agreement they have negotiated is being carried out.

26. We will be successful as long as we persevere.

27. Frankly speaking, what you call the truth may not apply to things happening here.

28. It is true that we must redouble our efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries.

29. I take it for granted that they will support this idea.

I regard it as natural that they will agree to this idea.

30. In a certain sense, a

successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved.

31. The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

32. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production.

33. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production.

34. Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn't utter a word.

35. As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.

36. Our goal must be attained. Our goal can unquestionably be attained.

37. Noting can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations.

38. Now in China, more and more families can afford to buy high-grade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, videocorders.

39. No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it.

40. It can be said that without knowledge of science and technology, it is impossible to build socialist modernizations.



　

怎样才能提高我的外语写作水平？
　

Q and A
Q: How can I improve my writing if I cannot write complete sentences?

A: Wring is to express your thought through language. Here we have to key elements: language and thought. For a successful writing activity to happen, both are necessary. When writing in our mother tongue, we spend almost no time in considering language, so our attention is mainly on contents. But when writing in a foreign language, we have to pay attention to both language and thought. If we cannot deal with these two, we might never learn to write in a foreign language well.

Generally speaking, learning to write in a foreign language demands you to go through three steps, although there is not clear distinction between them. First, learning the basic vocabulary and grammar of this language. At this time, learners have not grasped the basic usage, therefore are still in the basic stage of language learning. Writing exercise usually does not exit in this period; even if it does, it mainly serves a kind of vocabulary or grammar exercise. This kind of writing practice presents very simple contents, but requires that learners should use both vocabulary and grammar correctly.

Second, learning both language and thought expression. At this time, learners have already got familiar with the basic vocabulary and grammar, and can express simple ideas in this language. Writing exercises at this stage can work for two purposes. Firstly, they can help learners further their understanding of this language. Secondly, they can help learners express certain ideas in foreign language. In the learning practice, these two aspects are actually inseparable. Many students start to keep diary in English from Junior Three; they are in fact progressing in this second stage.

Third, learning to focus on thought. When learners

can deal with the vocabulary and grammar of a foreign satisfactorily, and can use the language to express rather complicated ideas, they start to enter the third stage. Here language is no longer the biggest problem; instead, how to present good contents gains top priority. What learners pay attention to is how to choose their materials well, how to organize the ideas well, etc. Some people hold that only this third stage is really writing. This may be too biased. Writers, however, have to reach the third stage in order to be successful.

If you find it difficult to write complete sentences, you are still in the first stage. At this stage, you do not have to rush to long articles, although you may have some precious profound ideas in your mind. You should make efforts in language accumulation, paying special attention to usages of common words and sentence patterns. Besides, doing translation exercise may also help you improve your ability in using the language, thus making preparation for improving your writing ability. Many exercises in our translation column are also helpful in improving your ability in writing. What's more, doing more reading exercises can also help sharpen your sensitivity towards the language.

To sum up, you may try to make efforts in these three aspects: accumulate language materials, try some translation exercises, and take up some reading exercises. As your language proficiency gradually improves, you will also gradually move into the second stage. Then you will have no trouble in producing complete sentences.

问题： 我发觉写不出完整的句子，该怎样做才能提高我的写作水平？

回答：写作就是通过语言表达你自己的思想。这里面有两个要素：语言和思想。对于一个成功的写作行为来说，这两点缺一不可。在运用母语写作时，我们基本上不用花很多时间和精力去考虑语言，因而我们的重点是放在内容上。但是在学习用外语写作时，语言和内容就都需要注意。如果处理不好这两者之间的关系，我们可能就永远也学不好外语写作。
一般说来，学习外语写作有三个步骤，虽然这三个步骤是不能截然分开的。
第一， 学习这门语言的基本的词汇和语法。此时的学习者对这门外语的基本用法还未掌握，因此尚处于学习语言的基础阶段。这时写作训练一般没有，即使有也只是为练习词汇和语法服务。这种练习一般说来内容都非常简单，强调的是学习者所使用的词汇和语法必须正确。
第二， 语言和内容并举。此时的学习者已经掌握了该语言的一些基本的词汇和语法，可以用该语言表达自己的简单的思想。这时的写作练习可以达到两个目的：（1）继续增强对语言的掌握；（2）用外语表达一定的思想。在具体的学习实践中，这两者实际上是不可分的。有许多初

三的学生开始用英语记日记，其实他们就正处于这一阶段。
第三， 主要强调内容。当学习者对一门外语的词汇和语法有了一定的掌握，可以用它来表达相对复杂的思想时，就基本进入了第三阶段。此时的语言已经不是最大的障碍，如何写出好的内容成了头等大事。这一阶段的学习者所注重的是如何选材、如何组织文章之类的问题。有人说只有这第三阶段的写作才是真正的写作。这一说法可能失之偏颇，但成功的写作是必须达到这第三阶段的。
如果你发觉写出完整的句子尚有困难，这说明你还处于第一阶段。此时你不要急于写出长篇大论，即使你有些想法可能非常深刻。这时你应该做的是注意语言的积累，留意常用词和句型的用法。另外，适当做一些翻译练习也可以帮助你提高运用语言的能力，从而为提高写作能力做好准备。我们的翻译板块中有许多练习实际上对你们的写作能力的提高也是大有裨益的。除此之外，多做一些阅读，培养对语言的感觉也能为提高写作能力做一些准备。
因此，你在现阶段可以从以下三个方面着手：积累语言素材、多做翻译练习、多做阅读练习。随着你的语言能力的提高，你会逐步进入第二阶段，到那时你就不愁写不出句子了。



　

考研英语作文范文选

Opportunity and Success

Opportunities don't come often. They come every once in a while. Very often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed. Therefore ,it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care. When an opportunity comes, it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitious, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you. The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive. The unsuccessful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits to see them pass by. In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve their purpose.


　

Private　car


Outline:
1)Advantages of owning a private car.
2)Disadvantages of owning a private car.
3)Should it be necessary to enlarge the private car market? Why or why not?

Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car - if he or she can afford it. Having a car of your own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains, and you can drop off the children at school on the way. Moreover, it also means that you can enjoy the

weekends and holidays better, because with a car you can go to places where the regular buses and trains do not go, and so you can find a quiet scenic spot with no crowds.

However, there are drawbacks to owning a car. For one thing, with the increase in car ownership in recent years, the roads are becoming more and more crowded, often making the journey to work more of a nightmare than a dream. For another, it is not cheap to run a car, as the prices of gasoline and repairs are constantly rising, not to mention the prices you have to pay for a licence and insurance coverage.

Having considered both sides of the argument, I have come to the conclusion that the advantages of owning a car outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, it seems to me that China should increase its output of automobiles and enlarge the private car market. The result would be that cars would become cheaper, while at the same time the extra demand would encourage the auto industry to produce more efficient and family-oriented vehicles.


　

On Developing Tourism

Tourism, a "smokeless industry", is developing rapidly in China. With the open and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. The are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5000 years. Tourism brings China a lot of benefits. First it enables the Chinese people to know more about the outside world and promotes friendship and mutual understanding. Second , it is financially beneficial to China, which needs more foreign currencies for its modernization program. Tourism, however, gives rise to a number of problems. For instance, it becomes a burden to our inefficient transportation system. Besides, the living standard of the average Chinese is still not high enough to be able to afford the many different sorts of expenses during long distance travels. As for me, I believe that with the development of our national economy, all these problems will certainly be solved step by step. A much better and brighter future awaits.


　

The Value of Time

As a popular saying goes, "Time is money. "In fact, time is more precious than money. When money is spent, you can earn it back if you want to. However, when time is gone, it will never come back. As the pace of modern life continues to accelerate ,the time at our disposal is quite limited. But there are a lot of things to be done in our lives. We should make full use of our time to fulfil what is useful to us. For instance, as students we should devote most of our time to our academic studies. In this way we can acquire new knowledge and skill necessary for our future carrier. In my opinion, wasting time means wasting our valuable life. But many of us don't realize this .They think time is inexhaustable. I'm not in favor of such of a view .Hence ,my conclusion is that we should never put off what can be today until tomorrow.


　

Are Prizes a Go

od Thing?

Nobody denies that competitions with prizes can bring people's initiative into full play. Encouraged by a strong desire to win a prize, one will go all out to seek his greatest success. Consequently, the best achievements will be obtained in a game with awards. However, the prompting of a prize does not always lead to desirable results. For example, a competitor who cannot overcome the temptation of a prize is likely to take a stimulant .And the hopeless competitor sees nothing but the prize, which might cause improper behavior. I my opinion, the remedy lies in moral education of competitors. This will help them to understand the slogan: "Friendship--first, and competition--second. "Then, prices will play a better part in any contest. Generally speaking, I believe that prizes are a good thing.


　

On Keeping a Diary in English

Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us to cultivate the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice, gradually we'll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we inevitably run up against a lot of difficulties .In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phases to give expression to our mind. Secondly , there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly. Certainly, there are some other roadblocks we may come across in our keeping a diary in English. As far as I'm concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.


　

On University Tuition System in China

Tuition system has become one of the hottest topics in China since it was put into effect. Different people have different opinions on it. Some people think that there is no university in the world which is open to students without tuition. As far as China is concerned, it is a developing country with the largest population in the world. The government is unable to allocate enough funds to pay for various teaching facilities and many different kinds of expenses. One of the ways to relieve the problem is for students to pay tuition. The money raised in this way can be used to improve the conditions for running schools. Others ,however, are opposed to the tuition system. They argue that the living standard of the Chinese people ,especially of those in the poor rural areas, is still low, compared with that in the Western World. The university tuition will certainly add to the already heavy

burden of the parents, who live on their salaries or wages. Moreover, tuition may become an obstacle to the development of China's higher education. This is because it hinders some talented people from entering the university just on account of their poverty.

四级英语作文范文选

　

Smoking

It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for people's health. Scientific researchs show that smoking can lead to heart disease,cancer and other problem.The World Health Organization says diseases linked to smoking kill at least two million five-hundred-thousand persons each year.

Still,many people find it difficult to stop smoking.One reason is that smoking usually becomes a habitual behaviour,and habits,whether good or bad are not easy to be given up.Another reason is the effect of nicotine,the substance found in cigarettes works on people somewhat as drugs do.

Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the harm of smoking. In many cities,smoking is forbidden in public places.The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere.And newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes.World "No Tobacco Day" is observed every year as the biggest compaign against smoking.


　

My first Job

Before I started at university,I took my first job as a waitress in a nice restaurant.At the night before my first day.I was too excited to go to sleep and as a result,I got up late in the morning.I threw on my clothes and rushed over to the restaurant.

In a great hurry,I didn't hear clearly the head waiter's instruction that we should go into the kitchen through one door and out from the other.So when I took two plates of eggs and bacon and an orange juice out to the restaurant,I went straight towards the wrong door and collided with another waiter coming in!

Worst of all was that I wore a pair of smart shoes but with high heels! A few hours later I was in agony yet had no time to change them. By the time we finished serving dinner at about 10:30 I was completely exhausted. Nevertheless, I learnt something through my experience.


　

Birth control

Since the Chinese Government singled out family planning as one of the basic state policies in 1978,the country has adopted various measures and achieved great success in birth control.The total birth rate has been decreasing gradually.

However,at present China's population is still growing very rapidly.It is reported that every year the population of this country increases by an extra 15 million and China is encountering a birth peak during the 1990s.It is abvious that China's economic development and improvement of people's living standards have been and will be greatly affected by the population.

Therefore,to control population growth more strictly is clearly essential to the country's reforms and economic development.We should restress the importance of birth control and call on the whole nation to make more effective actions


　

Adverti

sements

Advertisements are getting their way into people's lives. People depend on advertisers in their daily lives because they are cusumers. The advertisers are always manufacturers. Sometimes they are salesmen. Their merchandise needs advertising. Thus nearly every product is advertised.To some extent, good dvertising means success while bad advertising can means failure.

There are many ways to advertise and 'ads' come in different forms. Newspaper carry advertisements. Some products are announced on TV and radio which have a wide audience.Billboards also carry advertising. Advertising is a big industry now and many agencies are set up to furnish a variety of services for it.

However, advertising is not always truthful.A product is often misrepresented. The advertiser exaggerates the benifits of the merchandise he wants to sell. Thus, he misrepresents the truth.The consumer falls victim to such advertising. Millions of people have bought advertised products and they haven't always been satisfied.

.


　

　

Fighting Criminals


Today the crime rate in soe cities of our country is rising. Many citizens often complain about the thefts and robberies that have taken palce in the areas they live in and appeal to the governments at all levels to take effective measures to reduce the crime rate.

Faced with criminals,some people are so frightened that they shamelessly give up the fight and other people turn a blind eye to them.However,some people are brave enough,to risk their lives to fight the criminals.Their fearless actions prevented the criminals from doing evils,saved the victims,and protected the public properties.

To reduce the crime rate,we all the people should first receive a law education.Criminals must be severely punished.Meanwhile we should set up a foundation to reward those who fight criminals.It is also important to call on people to learn from those heroes and encourage more people to stand up to crime.

Chapter One 文章开头句型

1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,

适用于有争议性的主题.

例如(e.g)

[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people

say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.

[2]. When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others

argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth

in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)

[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged

that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....



1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .

e.g

[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/

aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.

[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenom

enon of ...

has been brought into focus. ( has been braught to public attention)

[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the

new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.




1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.

e.g:

[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ...

Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. been more visible/

popular than...

[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/

coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity

to......

Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......

[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea

that.......



1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!

e.g:

[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark

has been shared by more and more people .

"Education is not complete with graduation." Such is the opinion of a

great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.

[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like theses

/this .

In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as

this "......".



1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.

e.g:

[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh

look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .

[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now

share this new .



1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.

e.g:



[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of

... has aroused public concern.

[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are

often confront with in our daily life.

[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be

(unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.



1-8 问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.

e.g:

Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...

But in my opinion , ...... .

Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型


<一> 原因结果分析

3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.

e.g:

[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ...

[2]. The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing...

For another...... Still another ...

[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psycho

logical affect ....

/both individual and social contribute to ....



3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!

e.g:

[1]. Another important factor is ....

[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem.

[3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....



3-1-3 后果影响 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .

e.g:

[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....

[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........



< 二 > 比较对照句型



3-2-1. 两者比较 ---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 !

e.g:

[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages

we gain from B.

[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.

[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as

positive effects.



3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 ------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!

e.g:

[1]. A and B have several things in common.

They are similar in that.....

[2]. A bears some striking resemblances to B.

[BACK]

Chapter Three 文章结尾形式


2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .

e.g:

[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the

conclusion that .....

[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .......



2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.

e.g:

[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current

phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy

cost of .......

[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is

every chance that .. will be put in danger .



2-3 号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.

e.g:

[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable

tendency of ......

[2]. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to

correct the tendency .



2-4 建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.

e.g:

[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The

most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is .....

[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the

situation.



2-5 方向性的结尾方式 ---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.

e.g:

[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some

sense, but none is adequate

enough. The problem should be recognized in a

wide way .

[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be

helpful/beneficial.

[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty ,
but ........



2--6 意义性的结尾方式 --------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!

e.g:

[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but

the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also

benefit .....

[2]. In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is

certain that it will undoubtedly ......