丹尼尔笛福英文介绍
Daniel_Defoe英文简介PPT
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Works Features
His works mainly through the efforts of individuals, relying on their wisdom and courage to overcome difficulties. The plot twists and turns, used to tell, readability is strong. And expressed the pursuit of adventure, society and individual struggle. The representative of "Robinson Crusoe" is well known in the world, Robinson has also become a difficult struggle with the typical, so he is regarded as the founder of British fiction.
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Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely tropical island. He builds himself a hut, grows his own food, and becomes self-sufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals食人者 and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whome he calls Friday . Robinson and his“man”Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England.
笛福英文介绍DanielDefoe_2023年学习资料
Plot Summary-■-Crusoe sets on a sea voyage in August 651,-against the wishes of his parents,who want-him t stay at home and pursue a c-career,-possibly in law. After a tumultuous journey that sees his ship-wrecked in a storm,his lust for the sea remains-so strong tha he sets out to sea again.This-journey too ends in di aster and Crusoe-becomes the slave of a Moor.-Muslim iving-in the-northwest of-Africa
பைடு நூலகம்
。55-slaves from Africa but he is shipwrecked in a-sto m about forty miles out to sea on an island-which he alls the Island of Despair-September 30,1659-His comp nions all die,save himself,and three-animals who-surv ved the s-shipwreck,the-captain's dog and two cats.Ha ing overcome-his despair,he fetches arms,tools and ot er-supplies from the ship before it breaks apart-and inks.He proceeds to build a fenced-in-habitation near a cave which he excavates-himself.
用英语介绍鲁滨逊漂流记80词
鲁宾逊漂流记英文介绍Robinson Crusoe is a novel written by Daniel Defoe in 1719. It tells the story of a young man named Robinson Crusoe who is shipwrecked on a deserted island and has to fend for himself for many years. He learns to make his own tools, cultivate the land, hunt, and build his own shelter. He eventually rescues a native man whom he names Friday and together they form a close bond. The novel explores themes of survival, isolation, and the power of human resilience. It is considered one of the greatest adventure novels ever written and has been adapted into numerous films and other media.中文译文：《鲁滨逊漂流记》是丹尼尔·笛福于1719年所写的一部小说。
它讲述了一个叫做鲁滨逊·克鲁索的年轻人在一次海难中被困在荒岛上并不得不独立生存数年的故事。
他学会了制作自己的工具，耕种土地，狩猎和建造自己的住所。
他最终拯救了一个土著人，他给他取名为星期五，并一起度过了许多艰苦的日子。
这部小说探讨了幸存、孤独和人类韧性的力量等主题，是历史上最伟大的冒险小说之一，并被改编成多部电影和其他媒体。
丹尼尔笛福介绍
Work experience
Merchant Soldier News reporter Pamphleteer Journalist Novelist
Characteristics of his novels
The central characters in his novels are usually lowerlowerlass people, the down-trodden, the unfortunate and downthe criminals, like whore, pirate, pickpocket, rogue. Known as Picaresque novel. The central idea of his novels is man is good and noble by nature, but may be corrupted by an evil social environment. His novels are the first literary works devoted to the study of the problems of the lower class people. The details of his novels are usually organized in a vivid way and his stories are both credible and fascinating. He wanted his readers to regard his novels as true stories and so he deliberately avoids all art in writing.His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular.
丹尼尔笛福英文简介
丹尼尔笛福英文简介导读：本文是关于丹尼尔笛福英文简介，希望能帮助到您！丹尼尔·笛福简介Daniel Defoe (1660 ~ 1731), British writer. British Enlightenment era realism rich novels founder, known as the "father of the novel", "the father of British novels" and "the father of the British newspaper" and so on. His works are readable. Believe in protestant William III. His representative "Robinson Crusoe", optimistic and brave Robinson through the efforts, by virtue of wisdom and courage to overcome the difficulties, the performance of the pursuit of adventure, advocate personal struggle of the social atmosphere.丹尼尔·笛福人物生平Daniel Defoe (1660 ~ 1731), British novelist, founder of the British Enlightenment era of realism novels, known as the "father of European novels." Was born in the British capital of London, father camp slaughtering industry (one that is oil candle business), so instead chose to do business. He travel extensively, operating underwear in the early years, tobacco and alcohol, wool fabric, brick industry, went to the mainland business.In 1684, Defoe married a daughter of a wine business, got the woman's home worth 3700 pounds of dowry. He strokes his brother andbrother and brother as a partner to start a small department store trading. In addition, it is still doing business in Europe, often making wine trade to increase revenue. However, he followed the puritan principle in the "drunken" business, against the sale of gin and the usual spirits.In 1685 Defoe attended the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth against the Catholic kings.In 1688 the Dutch believe in protestant William led his army to land in England, inherited the British throne, Defoe participated in his army.In 1692 he was bankrupt, debt amounted to 17,000 pounds, and later failed, and thus had to use a variety of ways to make a living. He has acted as a secret intelligence officer of the government, designed various development undertakings, and engaged in writing.In 1698 he published "on the development", to promote highway construction, bank, bankruptcy law, set up crazy homes, do water and fire insurance, levy income tax, school and so on.In 1701 he published a satirical poem "real British", that there is no purebred British, against the aristocratic Catholic forces, for the foreign faith in protestant William III defense. This song is printed with version 9.1702 issued a political theory "to eliminate the different sects of the shortcut", with irony, against the national religion oppression of different sects, clever writing, began to be seen isagainst Christians, after being found, by the fine and jail punishment, imprisonment 6 Month, flog three times, but by the people of London as a hero. In the prison he imitated the Greek poet pinarross's song to write a "lie" (1703), satirical law unfairly.In 1704, Daniel Defoe won the "Review" magazine for Whig's party leader Harry, which was supported by Harry's England-Scottish coalition policy. After 11 years he has been between England and Scotland, as Harry and his successor Toli pie Gordorfen secret intelligence officer, to collect public opinion. During this period, he wrote a short term imprisonment, but never terminated for the Whig party in power to collect intelligence, newspaper, write articles.Defoe began writing novels at the age of 59. In 1719 the first novel, "Robinson Crusoe" published, popular, he succeeded in shaping the image of an idealized bourgeois, in the history of European novels is a pioneering work. The same year and published a sequel.1720 and wrote "Robinson's pensive set." Since then, he has written several novels: "Captain Singleton" "Moore Flanders" "Colonel Jack" and so on. In addition, he also wrote a number of biographies, such as "deaf man Campbell", "peter Emperor Ji", several domestic and foreign travel, such as "New Global Travel" "Roberts Captain four travel" and so on. His novel to "Robinson Crusoe" spread the most widely, is considered his masterpiece.It is said that Flute has been associated with 26 magazines, some people call him "the father of modern news reports." His works,including a large number of political books, a total of 250 species, and both are the need to develop the development of the bourgeoisie, write the city middle class interested and concerned about the issue. (1722), written in 1665 London plague, the occurrence of the plague, the spread of the plague, the plague of the plague, the plague of the plague, It caused terror and panic, as well as the number of deaths, the situation of the escape was written as immersive. At that time the French Marseille plague epidemic, causing people's special attention, Defoe's work to meet the public's curiosity on plague.After the "Robinson Crusoe", he wrote some excellent works, including "Moore Flanders" and "Colonel Jack", which were classified as British literary classics."Robinson Crusoe" best-selling prompted him to write "Robinson Crusoe sequel", he let his hero made a global travel, Robinson's most journey is starting from Beijing, across Siberia to Russia Hangeersk. He has not been to China, but in the sequel talked about the time the European people do not know Heilongjiang.Defoe was too comfortable in his later years, and wrote a few books, some creditors have died, he sold a small brick factory with a small amount of money back to other people's debt, still not far from London to purchase A suite. However, he also has ups and downs, and creditors live in harmony, and could not expect a creditor's widow made a new lawsuit, the judicial machine again spin up, he was to avoid the property was confiscated, the housing and property transferto his son The His son is a capable journalist, who wants him or a villain. Defoe wrote: "I put myself in his subordinate position, trust him, entrusted him to other children who have no living security, and he has not even compassionate, tortured the children, tortured himself The unfortunate mother, who lived a very rich life.The flute of the seventies had to hide from the debt, and he had rented rooms in the center of London's old town.On the day of the 1731 day, the London Courier reported that the evening of the evening, the famous Daniel Defoe died in his own apartment in the Canakan Boulevard. The British love to write their own pretense, written cute, witty and brief. Defoe also wrote that he wanted to write on his tombstone: "Daniel Defoe". But they are another consideration, they wrote on his tombstone: "Daniel Defoe:" Robinson Crusoe "author.丹尼尔·笛福人物评价Defoe lives in the period of capitalist development, he belongs to the bourgeoisie, he is the middle class bourgeois spokesperson.Defoe life is most concerned about the development of capitalism, he strongly praised the bourgeoisie, he believes that the core issue of a country's development is the development of trade. "Give us trade is to give us everything", "trade is the world's prosperous life", which is his most fundamental proposition. Because he thought that trade made the manufacturing and maritime industry development, so that people have work, there are clothing to wear, have food,materials and therefore can maintain high prices, and can maintain a high rent, so the upper society also benefit. As long as there are hard-working people to develop trade, any place will flourish. All his economic works and some political works have played this proposition, put forward a number of specific recommendations. Defarge's idea of developing the economy is conducive to the development of the British society, but he enthusiastically supports the colonial system, proposes to seize and operate the colonies, propose ways to expand trade with backward countries, and embrace slaves. All this shows his class limitations.Defoe was so disgusted with the aristocrats who were proud of the door, and he tried to celebrate the bourgeoisie, not the upper class, and criticized the "gentleman" who looked down on "civilians". He said that the ancestor of the people is working. He stressed that businessmen are useful people, and gentlemen change businessmen, businessmen change the gentleman is a reasonable thing, and so on. praised his class, he in the "Rosanna" where there is a paragraph of the most obvious:Baron Robert and my view of the businessman is exactly the same. Baron Robert said - I think he is perfectly correct - an authentic businessman is the best gentleman in the country, both in knowledge, in the ritual or in judgment, the businessman is stronger than many nobles. Once they control the world, although there is no real estate, but also rich than the real estate of the gentleman.Defoe's attitude towards the working people is twofold. He believes that the root of the crime is poor, rich people are not guilty. Moore Flanders and Rohsana are embraced by the glorious path, because of poverty, so he is also sympathetic to the two characters. He advocated the development of industry and commerce to make the people work. But on the other hand, he was the workers working long time, low wages, underage children will work and other brutal exploitation of the phenomenon as a matter of course. This is the employer's point of view.Defoe accepted Locke's political thought, opposes despotism, and advocates civil rights. At that time the British parliament was the upper echelon of politicians fighting infighting places, bribing and all kinds of dirty means of public. Workers, peasants and the petty bourgeoisie are not represented at all. Defoe advocates that the basic right of man is that no one, including the king, the cabinet, and the congress, can not be violated. "The British are neither kings nor slaves of Congress." Defoe advocated freedom of religious belief, although the British did not like France, Spain, as in the religious issue of extreme autocracy, but the religion outside the protestant denominations and Catholic believers are also a variety of restrictions. He is a non-state religion protestant, who is a petty bourgeoisie who demands a political system that is in line with the "revolutionary principle" and demands freedom of belief. Defoe is the spokesman for this faction. He argues that the people should beeducated and advocated for women to be educated.In general, the thought of Defoe was progressive at the time, but the limitations of his thought were great. The bourgeoisie was still a progressive class and still struggled against feudal forces. Conservative aristocrats, landlords do not produce, sit huge rent income, the bourgeoisie organized large-scale industrial and commercial promotion of social development.The petty bourgeoisie, on the one hand, has the same place as the big bourgeoisie, and on the other, with the ruling class big bourgeoisie and aristocrats, and demand more liberal politics. Therefore, Defoe's views on the development of capitalism, against feudal forces, against political undemocratic, and against monopolies are all progressive. But he was subject to the constraints of the times and class prejudice and colonial system and racial discrimination, which is consistent with the big bourgeoisie, is reactionary. To the working people, he is only concerned with making them work and producing wealth, which coincides with the demands of capitalism. Defoe thought on this duality, clearly manifested in his literary works.Defoe is deeply understood by the characters he describes, and he is good at writing individuals to overcome difficulties in an unfavorable environment. His hero is intelligent, energetic, unbelief, believe in "common sense". plot, structure does not fall ax chisel trace. He is particularly good at describing theenvironment, the details of the fidelity, fictional scene written so that people as immersive.Defoe was so disgusted with the aristocrats who were proud of the door, and he tried to celebrate the bourgeoisie, not the upper class, and criticized the "gentleman" who looked down on "civilians". He said that the ancestor of the people is working. He stressed that businessmen are useful people, and gentlemen change businessmen, businessmen change the gentleman is a reasonable thing, and so on. praised his class, he in the "Rosanna" where there is a paragraph of the most obvious:Baron Robert and my view of the businessman is exactly the same. Baron Robert said - I think he is perfectly correct - an authentic businessman is the best gentleman in the country, both in knowledge, in the ritual or in judgment, the businessman is stronger than many nobles. Once they control the world, although there is no real estate, but also rich than the real estate of the gentleman.。
Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·笛福
"The eighteenth century was the golden age of the (English) novel. The novel of this period … spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising courage." The novelists of this period understood that "the job of a novelist was to tell the truth about life as he saw it." This explains the achievement of the English novel in the 18th century.
The significance of Robinson Crusoe
Robinson Crusoe is one of the protagonists drawn most successfully in English novels. Through his characterization of Crusoe, Defoe depicts him as a hero struggling against nature and human fate with his indomitable 不屈不挠的will, and eulogizes creative labor, physical and mental, an allusion to the glorification of the bourgeois creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage of its historical development. Form an individual laborer to a master and colonizer, Crusoe seems to have gone through various stages of human civilization.
笛福—英文简介
Essays :
• Conjugal Lewdness • Serious Reflections of Robinson Crusoe(1720) • The Complete English Tradesman • An Essay Upon Projects(1697)《论开发》 first book he published • An Essay Upon Literature(1726) • Mere Nature Delineated(1726) • A Plan of English Commerce(1728)
Thanks for your attention
Brief Introduction
• A jack-of-all-trades: soldier, merchant, economist, politician, publicist, writer, as well as novelist. • A journalist and a pamphleteer with a reporter’s eye for the picturesque and a newspaperman's instinct for ―making a good story‖ • A radical nonconformist(不信奉英国国教的新教教徒 ) in religion his puritan zeal for reform marks all this work account for the moralizing to be found everywhere. • Defoe was once in prison, and his prison experience, together with the further knowledge of criminals accounts for his stories of thieves and pirates.
丹尼尔笛福的英文简介
丹尼尔笛福的英文简介丹尼尔·笛福，英国作家，英国启蒙时期现实主义丰富小说的奠基人，被誉为欧洲的“小说之父”，下面是店铺给大家整理的丹尼尔笛福的英文简介，供大家参阅!丹尼尔·笛福简介Daniel Defoe (1660 ~ 1731), British writer. British Enlightenment era realism rich novels founder, known as the "father of the novel", "the father of British novels" and "the father of the British newspaper" and so on. His works are readable. Believe in Protestant William III. His representative "Robinson Crusoe", optimistic and brave Robinson through the efforts, by virtue of wisdom and courage to overcome the difficulties, the performance of the pursuit of adventure, advocate personal struggle of the social atmosphere.丹尼尔·笛福人物生平Daniel Defoe (1660 ~ 1731), British novelist, founder of the British Enlightenment era of realism novels, known as the "father of European novels." Was born in the British capital of London, father camp slaughtering industry (one that is oil candle business), so instead chose to do business. He traveled extensively, operating underwear in the early years, alcohol and tobacco, wool fabric, brick industry, had to business in various countries.In 1684, Defoe married a daughter of a wine business, got the woman's home worth 3700 pounds of dowry. He strokes his brother and brother and brother as a partner to start a small department store trading. In addition, it is still doing business in Europe, often making wine trade to increase revenue. However, he followed the Puritan principle in the "drunken" business,against the sale of gin and the usual spirits.In 1685 Defoe attended the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth against the Catholic kings.In 1688 the Dutch believe in Protestant William led his army to land in England, inherited the British throne, Defoe participated in his army.In 1692 he was bankrupt, debt amounted to 17,000 pounds, and later failed, and thus had to use a variety of ways to make a living. He has acted as a secret intelligence officer of the government, designed various development undertakings, and engaged in writing.In 1698 he published "on the development", to promote highway construction, bank, bankruptcy law, set up crazy homes, do water and fire insurance, levy income tax, school and so on.In 1701 he published a satirical poem "real British", that there is no purebred British, against the aristocratic Catholic forces, for the foreign faith in Protestant William III defense. This song is printed with version 9.1702 issued a political theory "to eliminate the different sects of the shortcut", with irony, against the national religion oppression of different sects, clever writing, began to be seen is against Christians, after being found, by the fine and jail punishment, imprisonment 6 Month, flog three times, but by the people of London as a hero. In the prison he imitated the Greek poet Pinarross's song to write a "lie" (1703), satirical law unfairly.In 1704, Daniel Defoe won the "Review" magazine for Whig's party leader Harry, which was supported by Harry's England-Scottish coalition policy. After 11 years he has been between England and Scotland, as Harry and his successor Toli Pie Gordorfen secret intelligence officer, to collect public opinion.During this period, he wrote a short term imprisonment, but never terminated for the Whig party in power to collect intelligence, newspaper, write articles.Defoe began writing novels at the age of 59. In 1719 the first novel "Robinson Crusoe" published, popular, he succeeded in shaping the image of an idealized bourgeois, in the history of European novels is a pioneering work. The same year and published a sequel.1720 and wrote "Robinson's pensive set." Since then, he has written several novels: "Captain Singleton" "Moore Flanders" "Colonel Jack" and so on. In addition, he also wrote a number of biographies, such as "deaf man Campbell", "Peter Emperor Ji", several domestic and foreign travel, such as "New Global Travel" "Roberts Captain four travel" and so on. His novel to "Robinson Crusoe" spread the most widely, is considered his masterpiece.It is said that Flute has been associated with 26 magazines, some people call him "the father of modern news reports." His works, including a large number of political books, a total of 250 species, and both are the need to develop the development of the bourgeoisie, write the city middle class interested and concerned about the issue. (1722), written in 1665 London plague, the occurrence of the plague, the spread of the plague, the plague of the plague, the plague of the plague, It caused terror and panic, as well as the number of deaths, the situation of the escape was written as immersive. At that time the French Marseille plague epidemic, causing people's special attention, Defoe's work to meet the public's curiosity on plague.After the "Robinson Crusoe", he wrote some excellent works, including "Moore Flanders" and "Colonel Jack", which were classified as British literary classics."Robinson Crusoe" best-selling prompted him to write "Robinson Crusoe sequel", he let his hero made a global travel, Robinson's most journey is starting from Beijing, across Siberia to Russia Hangeersk. He has not been to China, but in the sequel talked about the time the European people do not know Heilongjiang.Defoe was too comfortable in his later years, and wrote a few books, some creditors have died, he sold a small brick factory with a small amount of money back to other people's debt, still not far from London to purchase A suite. However, he also has ups and downs, and creditors live in harmony, and could not expect a creditor's widow made a new lawsuit, the judicial machine again spin up, he was to avoid the property was confiscated, the housing and property transfer to his son The His son is a capable journalist, who wants him or a villain. Defoe wrote: "I put myself in his subordinate position, trust him, entrusted him to other children who have no living security, and he has not even compassionate, tortured the children, tortured himself The unfortunate mother, who lived a very rich life.The flute of the seventies had to hide from the debt, and he had rented rooms in the center of London's old town.On the day of the 1731 day, the London Courier reported that the evening of the evening, the famous Daniel Defoe died in his own apartment in the Canakan Boulevard. The British love to write their own pretense, written cute, witty and brief. Defoe also wrote that he wanted to write on his tombstone: "Daniel Defoe". But they are another consideration, they wrote on his tombstone: "Daniel Defoe:" Robinson Crusoe "author.。
Daniel Defoe and his great works((Robinson
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丹尼尔· 笛福 《鲁滨逊漂流记》 鲁滨逊出身于一个体面的商人家庭，渴望航海，一心想去海外见识一番。 他瞒着父亲出海，第一次航行就遇到大风浪，船只沉没，他好不容易才逃出保住性命。 第二次出海到非洲经商，赚了一笔钱。第三次又遭不幸，被摩尔人俘获，当了奴隶。后 来他划了主人的小船逃跑，途中被一艘葡萄牙货船救起。船到巴西后，他在那里买下一 个庄园，做了庄园主。他不甘心于这样的发财致富，又再次出海，到非洲贩卖奴隶。 船在途中遇到风暴触礁，船上水手、乘客全部遇难，唯有鲁滨逊一个人幸存下来，只身 飘流到一个杳无人烟的孤岛上。他用沉船的桅杆做了木筏，一次又一次地把船上的食物、 衣服、枪支弹药、工具等运到岸上，并在小山边搭起帐篷定居下来。接着他用削尖的木 桩在帐篷周围围上栅栏，在帐篷后挖洞居住。他用简单的工具制作桌、椅等家具，猎山 羊,海龟,海鸟为食，饮溪里的水，度过了最初遇到的困难。 鲁滨逊在岛上独自生活了18年后，一天，他发现岛边海岸上都是人骨，生过火，
2:写作背景(background of the novel)
• 1660年，英国资产阶级以暴力取得政权，但是在笛福出生那年，代表封建反 动势力的斯图亚特王室又在英国复辟，丹尼尔· 笛福出生于一个小油烛商人 （有说屠宰业）的家庭，属于中下层资产阶级，在政治上反对斯图亚特王室 的封建统治。 • 丹尼尔· 笛福28岁那年，即1688年，资产阶级又赶走了斯图亚特王室，重新 掌了权，他一面经商，一面从事政治活动，写下不少小册子。因为有的书和 演说揭露了当时社会的不合理现象，曾先后三、四次被关进监狱。59岁时， 写成了《鲁滨逊漂流记》。这部小说是以一件真事为素材写成的。20多年前， 有一个苏格兰人亚历山大· 塞尔柯克在一艘英国海船上当水手。1704年9月的 一天，塞尔柯克因为和船长发生冲突，被遗弃古拉丁美洲的一个荒无人烟的 小岛上，塞尔柯克心情很坏，但后来慢慢地习惯了。他捕山羊做食物，用木 头和羊皮盖了两间小房子，拿钉子做针，把破袜子拆开来做线，用来缝东西。 他在无人荒岛上生活四年四个月，1709年2月12日，一位英国航海家渥地 士· 罗吉斯把他救离了海岛，塞尔柯克回到苏格兰后，经常在酒店里向人们讲 述他不平凡的经历。 • 塞尔柯克的经历唤醒了59岁的笛福的想象力，他以塞尔柯克为原型写出了著 名的《鲁滨逊漂流记》。此书1719年摆上伦敦书店的书架，很快成为世界 畅销书。
笛福英文介绍 Daniel Defoe
He keeps a calendar by making marks in a wooden cross which he has built. He hunts, grows corn and rice, dries grapes to make raisins for the winter months, learns to make pottery and raises goats, all using tools created from stone and wood which he harvests on the island. He also adopts a small parrot. He reads the Bible and becomes religious, thanking God for his fate in which nothing is missing but human society.
Muslim living in the northwest of Africa
After two years of slavery, he manages to escape and is rescued and befriended by the Captain of a Portuguese shi Africa. The ship is en route to Brazil. There, with the help of the captain, Crusoe becomes owner of a plantation
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)
Born as Daniel Foe founder of English novel
Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·笛福
A jack-of-all-trades A raion A journalist and pamphleteer A prisoner
一个万事通 不信奉国教的宗教激 进者 一个记者和小册子作 者 一个囚犯
丹尼尔· 笛福（1660-1731），生于伦敦一小工商业者家庭，在一 所强调英文写作、数学和理科的学校读书。毕业后曾经商，办工 厂，屡次破产，又屡次重新起家。福笛对政治很感兴趣，早年曾 写过很多文章和小册子，常年奔走于英格兰和苏格兰各地了解舆 论情况，因文字两次获罪下狱。
He swam back to the sunk ship and after several trips he got out of it the small stores of food, clothing and tools as well as guns and bullets, which he saved up for his own use.
Crusoe’s Life on the Island
Crusoe went on a voyage, but a terrible shipwreck occurred, after which he found himself on the shore of an island, alone.
他游向已经沉没的船,在船上他找到了食物、衣服和工具以及枪支和子弹,这些 物品都可以供给他自己使用。
He managed with his industriousness and skill to create an environment for himself.
他用他的勤奋和聪明的头脑,为自己创造一个环境。
Ending of the Story
Daniel Defoe
Robinson Crusoe
• 鲁滨逊出身于中产阶级，他父亲常用知足常乐的 哲学教育他，要他满足现状，不要出海。但海外 的新世界像一股不可抗拒的吸引力诱惑着他，他 雄心勃勃，决心舍弃安逸舒适的平庸生活出海远 航。第一次出海他几乎淹死。第三次出海，又被 海盗掳去，逃出后在巴西发了财。但他仍不死心， 经别人提议，再次出航，结果滞留海岛。28年的 孤岛生活阻止不了他的继续冒险。这种勇于进取 的冒险精神，表现了当时新兴的资产阶级不满足 于现状，要开拓世界、占有世界的欲望。
Robinson Crusoe
• The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, where-in all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by Pyrates. Written by Himself
• Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) English novelist, political pamphleteer(政治宣传册作家)and journalist, is most famous as the author of Robinson Crusoe (1719) • Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest practitioners of the novel, as he helped to popularize the form in Britain, and is even referred to by some as one of the founders of the English novel. • As a prolific(多产的) and versatile(多才多艺的) writer, he wrote more than five hundred books, pamphlets, and journals on various topics (including politics, crime, religion, marriage, psychology and the supernatural). He was also a pioneer of economic journalism.
Daniel Defoe笛福
Daniel Defoe(丹尼尔•笛福) （1660--1731）●Introduction:笛福是小说的最早的倡导者，并为这种新兴文学形式的普及作出了极大贡献，被认为是英国小说之父(the Farther of the English Fiction)。
笛福是一个具有多种才能的多产作家。
共写了500多本不同类型的书和小册子，并与26家杂志有联系，其写作的主题和题材包括政治、犯罪、宗教、婚姻、心理和超自然等。
他也被称为“现代新闻报道之父”。
他的作品，包括大量政论册子，无一不是投合资产阶级发展的需要，写城市中产阶级感兴趣和关心的问题。
●His works:The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》(现在也称Robinson Crusoe)（1719）；Captain Singleton《辛格顿船长》（1720）；Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》（1722）；A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年日记》（1722）；Roxana《罗克萨娜》（1724）；Colonel Jacques《杰克上校》（1722）。
●Appreciation: an excerpt from Chapter Ⅳ.My thoughts were now wholly employed about securing my self againsteither savages, if any should appear, or wild beasts, if any were in the island;and I had many thoughts of the method how to do this, and what kind ofdwelling to make, whether I should make me a cave in the earth, or a tentupon the earth: And, in short, I resolved upon both, the manner anddescription of which, it may not be improper to give an account of.I soon found the place I was in was not for my settlement, particularlybecause it was upon a low moorish ground near the sea, and I believedwould not be wholesome, and more particularly because there was no fresh water near it, so I resolved tofind a more healthy and more convenient spot of ground.I consulted several things in my situation which I found would be proper for me. First, health, andfresh water I just now mentioned. Secondly, shelter from the heat of the sun. Thirdly, security fromravenous creatures, whether men or beasts. Fourthly, a view to the sea, that if God sent any ship in sight, Imight not lose any advantage for my deliverance, of which I was not willing to banish all my expectationyet.In search of a place proper for this, I found a little plain on the side of a rising hill; whose fronttowards this little plain, was steep as a house-side, so that nothing could come down upon me from the top;on the side of this rock there was a hollow place worn a little way in like the entrance or door of a cave,but there was not really any cave or way into the rock at all.On the flat of the green, just before this hollow place, I resolved to pitch my tent: This plain was notabove an hundred yards broad, and about twice as long, and lay like a green before my door, and at the end of it descended irregularly every way down into the low-grounds by the sea-side. It was on the north-northwest side of the hill, so that I was sheltered from the heat every day, till it came to a west and by south sun, or thereabouts, which in those countries is near the setting.Before I set up my tent, I drew a half circle before the hollow place, which took in about ten yards in its semi-diameter from the rock, and twenty yards in its diameter, from its beginning and ending.In this half circle I pitched two rows of strong stakes, driving them into the ground till they stood very firm like piles, the biggest end being out of the ground about five foot and a half, and sharpened on the top: The two rows did not stand above six inches from one another.Then I took the pieces of cable which I had cut in the ship, and I laid them in rows one upon another, within the circle, between these two rows of stakes, up to the top, placing other stakes in the in-side, leaning against them, about two foot and a half high, like a spur to a post, and this fence was so strong, that neither man or beast could get into it or over it. This cost me a great deal of time and labour, especially to cut the piles in the woods, bring them to the place, and drive them into the earth.The entrance into this place I made to be not by a door, but by a short ladder to go over the top, which ladder, when I was in, I lifted over after me, and so I was completely fenced in, and fortified as I thought, from all the world, and consequently slept secure in the night, which otherwise I could not have done, though, as it appeared afterward, there was no need of all this caution from the enemies that I apprehended danger from.Into this fence or fortress, with infinite labour, I carried all my riches, all my provisions, ammunition and stores, of which you have the account above. And I made me a large tent, which, to preserve me from the rains that in one part of the year are very violent there, I made double, viz. One smaller tent within, and one larger tent above it, and covered the uppermost with a large tarpaulin which I had saved among the sails.And now I lay no more for a while in the bed which I had brought on shore, but in a hammock, which was indeed a very good one, and belonged to the mate of the ship.Into this tent I brought all my provisions, and every thing that would spoil by the wet, and having thus enclosed all my goods, I made up the entrance, which till now I had left open, and so passed and re-passed, as I said, by a short ladder.When I had done this, I began to work my way into the rock, and bringing all the earth and stones that I dug down out through my tent, I laid them up within my fence in the nature of a terrace, that so it raised the ground within about a foot and a half; and thus I made me a cave just behind my tent, which served me like a cellar to my house.。
笛福英文简介
笛福英文简介作者简介：Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) English novelist, pamphleteer, and journalist, is most famous as the author of Robinson Crusoe (1719), a story of a man shipwrecked alone on an island. Along with Samuel Richardson, Defoe is considered the founder of the English novel.Defoe was born as the son of James Foe, a butcher of Stroke Newington. He studied at Charles Morton's Academy, London. Although his Nonconformist father intended him for the ministry, Defoe plunged into politics and trade, traveling extensively in Europe. In the early 1680s Defoe was a commission merchant in Cornhill but went bankrupt in 1691. In 1684 he married Mary Truffle; they had two sons and five daughters.Defoe earned fame and royal favor with his satirical poem "The True born Englishman" (1701). In 1702 Defoe wrote his famous pamphlet The Shortest Way With Dissenters. Himself a Dissenter he mimicked the extreme attitudes of High Anglican Tories and pretended to argue for the extermination of all Dissenters. Nobody was amused; Defoe was arrested and pilloried in May 1703. While in prison Defoe wrote a mock ode, "Hymn To The Pillory" (1703). The poem was sold in the streets, the audience drank to his health while he stood in the pillory and read aloud his verses.When the Tories fell from power Defoe continued to carry out intelligence work for the Whig government. In his own days Defoe was regarded as an unscrupulous, diabolical journalist.Defoe was one of the first to write stories about believable characters in realistic situations using simple prose. He achievedliterary immortality when in April 1719 he published Robinson Crusoe, which was based partly on the memoirs of voyagers and castaways, such as Alexander Selkirk. During the remaining years, Defoe concentrated on books rather than pamphlets. Among his works are MollFlanders(1722), A Journal Of The Plague Year (1722) and Captain Jack(1722) Hislast great work of fiction, Roxana, appeared in 1724. In the 1720s Defoe had ceased to be politically controversial in his writings, and he produced several historical works, a guide book and The Great Law Of Subordination Considered (1724), an examination of the treatment of servants.Phenomenally industrious, Defoe produced in his last years also works involving the supernatural, The Political History of The Evil (1726) and An Essay On The History And Reality of apparitions (1727). He died on 26 April 1731, at his lodgings in Ropewalker’s Alley, Moorefield’s.重要作品简介：Robinson CrusoeRobinson Crusoe is an Englishman from the town of York in the seventeenth century, the youngest son of a merchant of German origin. Encouraged by his father to study law, Crusoe expresses his wish to go to sea instead. His family is against Crusoe going out to sea, and his father explains that it is better to seek a modest, secure life for oneself. Initially, Robinson is committed to obeying his father, but he eventually succumbs to temptation and embarks on a ship bound for London with a friend. When a storm causes the near deaths of Crusoe and his friend, the friend is dissuaded from sea travel, but Crusoe still goes on to set himself up as merchant on a ship leaving London.This trip is financially successful, and Crusoe plans another, leaving his early profits in the care of a friendly widow. The second voyage does not prove as fortunate: the ship is seized by Moorish pirates, and Crusoe is enslaved to a potentate in the North African town of Sallee. While on a fishing expedition, he and a slave boy break free and sail down the African coast. A kindly Portuguese captain picks them up, buys the slave boy from Crusoe, and takes Crusoe to Brazil. In Brazil, Crusoe establishes himself as a plantation owner and soon becomes successful. Eager for slave labor and its economic advantages, he embarks on a slave-gathering expedition to West Africa but ends up shipwrecked off of the coast of Trinidad.Crusoe soon learns he is the sole survivor of the expedition and seeks shelter and food for himsel f. He returns to the wreck’s remains twelve times to salvage guns, powder, food, and other items. Onshore, he finds goats he can graze for meat and builds。
鲁滨逊漂流记英文版简介
Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 HY LI
The author
• Daniel Defoe • September 13, 1660 --April 24th 1731 British novelist, journalist. His works mainly through the efforts of individuals, relying on their wisdom and courage to overcome difficulties. The plot twists and turns, used to tell, readability is strong. And expressed the pursuit of adventure, society and individual struggle. The representative of "Robinson Crusoe" is well known in the world, Robinson has also become a difficult struggle with the typical, so he is regarded as the founder of British fiction.
THE SECOND PART
• The bulk of the novel attends to Robinson’s life on the island —how he accomplishes his survival and even establishes his "kingdom"; how he moves from a frantic state of discontent to one of resignation and contentment; how he meets Friday and, finally, how he leaves the island.
英语学习资料：丹尼尔·笛福英语散文：TheEducationofWomen
英语学习资料：丹尼尔·笛福英语散文：TheEducationofWomen丹尼尔·笛福英语散文：The Education of Women丹尼尔·笛福，英国作家，新闻记者。
英国启蒙时期现实主义丰富的小说的奠基人，被誉为英国和欧洲的“小说之父”。
笛福对他所描写的人物理解较深，他善于写个人在不利的环境中克服困难。
他的主人公有聪明才智，充满活力，不信天命，相信“常识”。
情节结构不落斧凿痕迹。
他尤其擅长描写环境，细节逼真，虚构的情景写得使人如身临其境。
I have often thought of it as one of the most barbarous customs in the world, considering us as a civilized and a Christian country, that we deny the advantages of learning to women. We reproach the sex every day with folly and impertinence; while I am confident, had they the advantages of education equal to us, they would be guilty of less than ourselves.One would wonder, indeed, how it should happen that women are conversible at all; since they are only beholden to natural parts, for all their knowledge. Their youth is spent to teach them to stitch and sew or make baubles. They are taught to read, indeed, and perhaps to write their names, or so; and that is the height of a woman’s education. And I would but a sk any who slight the sex for their understanding, what is a man (a gentleman, I mean) good for, that is taught no more? I need not give instances, or examine the character of a gentleman, with a good estate, or a good family, and with tolerable parts; and examine what figure he makes for want of education.The soul is placed in the body like a rough diamond; and must be polished, or the luster of it will never appear. And ’tis manifest, that as the rational soul distinguishes us from brutes; so education carries on the distinction, and makes some less brutish than others. This is too evident to need any demonstration. But why then should women be denied the benefit of instruction? If knowledge and understanding had been useless additions to the sex, GOD Almighty would never have given them capacities; for he made nothing needless. Besides, I would ask such, What they can see in ignorance, that they should think it a necessary ornament to a woman? or how much worse is a wise woman than a fool? or what has the woman done to forfeit the privilege of being taught? Does she plague us with her pride and impertinence? Why did we not let her learn, that she might have had more wit? Shall we upbraid women with folly, when ’tis only the error of this inhuman custom, t hat hindered them from being made wiser?The capacities of women are supposed to be greater, and their senses quicker than those of the men; and what they might be capable of being bred to, is plain from some instances of female wit, which this age is not without. Which upbraids us with Injustice, and looks as if we denied women the advantages of education, for fear they should vie with the men in their improvements.[They] should be taught all sorts of breeding suitable both to their genius and quality. And in particular, Music and Dancing; which it would be cruelty to bar the sex of, because they are their darlings. But besides this, they should be taught languages, asparticularly French and Italian: and I would venture the injury of giving a woman more tongues than one. They should, as a particular study, be taught all the graces of speech, and all the necessary air of conversation; which our mon education is so defective in, that I need not expose it. They should be brought to read books, and especially history; and so to read as to make them understand the world, and be able to know and judge of things when they hear of them.To such whose genius would lead them to it, I would deny no sort of learning; but the chief thing, in general, is to cultivate the understandings of the sex, that they may be capable of all sorts of conversation; that their parts and judgments being improved, they may be as profitable in their conversation as they are pleasant.Women, in my observation, have little or no difference in them, but as they are or are not distinguished by education. Tempers, indeed, may in some degree influence them, but the main distinguishing part is their Breeding.The whole sex are generally quick and sharp. I believe, I may be allowed to say, generally so: for you rarely see them lumpish and heavy, when they are children; as boys will often be. If a woman be well bred, and taught the proper management of her natural wit, she proves generally very sensible and retentive.And, without partiality, a woman of sense and manners is the finest and most delicate part of God's Creation, the glory of Her Maker, and the great instance of His singular regard to man, Hisdarling creature: to whom He gave the best gift either God could bestow or man receive. And ’tis the sordidest piece of folly and ingratitude in the world, to withhold from the sex the due luster which the advantages of education gives to the natural beauty of their minds.。
Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·笛福
He built a boat, and lived on the lonely island for 28 years
他在孤岛上生活了28年
Saving Friday
鲁滨逊救了一名野人， 给他取名叫星期五， 并且教他说英语。
丹尼尔· 笛福，英国小说家，早年写过很多新闻和小册子，因为创作了 《鲁宾逊漂流记》(1719)，为他赢得了“英国小说之父”之称。故事 讲述的是一个爱冒险的人在历经暴风雨之后，自己独自一人在孤岛上 生活的故事。他除了写小说外，还写一些有纪实性作用的著作。 他是一个新闻的先驱。
His Position
这部小说通过具体而真实的细节来叙述故事和刻画人物，以日常 事件构成不平凡的故事，具有强烈的真实感。故事主要描写的就 是主人公因性喜冒险，在一次出海中遭遇暴风雨，只有他一人幸 存，漂流到一个孤岛上独自生活的故事。
Writing Material 写作材料
It is based upon the experiences of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish sailor, who had been marooned in an island off the coast of Chile in 1704 and who had been lived there in solitude for four years and four months.
A jack-of-all-trades A radical Nonconformist in religion A journalist and pamphleteer A prisoner
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Defoe bu romanını, kazaya uğrayarak ıssız bir adaya sığınan Alexander Selkirk adlı İskoçyalı bir denizcinin anlattıklarından yola çıkarak yazmıştı. Robinson Crusoe'nun geçirdiği kaza ve adadaki yaşamı okuyanlara gerçek olduğundan kuşku duyurmayacak bir inandırıcılıktaydı.
Robinson Crusoe'nun ilk cildi 1719'da The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe ("Robinson Crusoe'nun Yaşamı ve Şaşırtıcı Serüvenleri") adıyla basıldı ve piyasaya çıkar çıkmaz büyük bir ilgi gördü.
İlk kez arandığında, "orta boylu, sıska, esmer, koyu kahverengi saçlı ama peruk kullanan, gaga burunlu, sivri ç eneli, gri gözlü, ağzının kenarında iri bir ben bulunan..." diye, bulunmasını sağlamak için betimleyici bir ilan çıkmıştı Tutuklandıktan kısa bir süre sonra serbest bırakıldı
ROBINSON CRUSOE’u okumayan ya da duymayanımız yoktur…
Bu heyecan dolu kitabın yazarını öğrenmeye ne dersiniz?
DANIEL DEFOE
1660-1731
Daniel defoe ingiliz yazarlarının en ünlülerindendir. Bir deniz kazası sonucu ıssız bir adaya sığınan denizciyi anlatan kitabıyla ünlenen yazar daha birç ok roman ve çeşitli kitaplar yazmıştır.
Bu yapıt, Defoe'nun yaşadığı döneme ışık tutması, olayları ve ayrıntıları son derece canlı ve gerçekçi bir dille aktarması bakımından öteki kitaplarının arasında ayrı bir değer taşır
1685'te İngiltere Kralı II. James'e karşı başlatılan ayaklanmaya katıldı.
Bu olay yaşamının ilk serüvenlerinden biriydi ve şansı yardım ederek ayaklanma bastırıldığında kaçmayı başardı
Defoe 1704'te The Review adlı haftalık bir edebiyat ve düşün dergisi çıkarmaya başladı. Bu, halk arasında geniş yankı uyandırmayı başaran, yayıncılık tarihinin ilk dergilerinden biriydi
Defoe döneminin güncel olaylarına günümüz gazetecileri kadar sık eğilen ilk yazarlardan biridir
Daniel Dafoe'nin aile kökenleri Romanya'ya dayanmaktadır, Romanya'dan göç en ailesinin Osmanlı geleneklerini ona da öğrettiği bazı kaynaklarda geç mektedir. Yine ingilere'de ingiliz kültürünü yeren mektuplarını osmanlı devlet adamlarına bilgi ve öneri amacıyla gönderdiği bilinmektedir.
Bunlardan kimi yazarın yaşadığı dönemdeki sorun ve olaylar üzerinedir. Eğitim,ticaret,bankacılık ve ruh hastalarının bakımı gibi konularda yol göstericidir.
Birbirinden değişik konulara ilgi duyan Defoe, yaşamının çeşitli dönemlerinde tüccarlık, fabrikatörlük, devlet memurluğu ve hatta casusluecilikte karar kıldı, bundan birkaç yıl sonra da roman yazmaya başladı. Yayımladığı siyasal yergi kitapçıklarındaki sert tutumu yüzünden birç ok kez hapse girdi.