初中英语定语从句---关系代词的使用

初中英语定语从句

一．定语从句的理解：

用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：

a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red

I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is in red.（定语从句）

This is a dream. The dream will never come true.

→This is a dream which/that will never come true.

The dog has been found. The dog was lost. → The dog which/that was lost has been found.

This is the card. I’ve just received the card. → This is the card which / that I’ve just received.

定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

结构：先行词+ 关系词+ 句子

（一）关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语、宾语。

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

(3)Did you see the man who/whom/that/- I talked with just now?

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

(3)Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？

(4)The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

注：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

注：that的用法

(1)只能用that而不用which作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, all, many, few, little, none, much, the one等作先行词时。

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。Everything that we’ve done is good for you.

All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。

(b) 先行词被the only, the very, the last；just，few, every, each, no, some等修饰时，只用that。

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我想买的字典。

He is the only one of us that knows Russian. 他是我们中唯一懂俄语的人。

She was the last person that came back. 她是最后一个回来的人。

I have some things that you must do today.

(c) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that,不能用which。.

(d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

Who that break the window

(f)当主句以There be…结构开头时，或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语，先行词为物。

There is a seat in the corner that is still free. There are two books on history that are for you.

(2) 不用that的情况

(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

The necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. 你送给我做礼物的项链昨天丢了。

Tom came back, which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

(b) 介词后不能用。注：介词+关系词引导定语从句时，介词后只能用which或whom。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

=We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.