颅骨钻孔尿激酶溶解引流术与小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的效果比较

·临床研究·

2012年10月第9卷第29期

中国医药导报CHINA MEDICAL HERALD

高血压脑出血（HICH ）占脑卒中的10%～15%，一半以上死于发病后48h [1]。本病因血压增高致脑血管破裂脑实质内出血，症状体征短时间内可达到高峰[2]。致死和致残主要原因为急性血肿导致的占位及出血对脑组织的损伤等[3]。目前临床应用较多且创伤较小的手术方式主要有颅骨钻孔尿激酶溶解引流术以及小骨窗开颅血肿清除术两种[4]。笔者回顾性分析68例HICH 患者的临床资料，现报道如下：1资料与方法1.1一般资料

选择我院神经外科2009年5月～2011年4月收治的HICH 患者68例，其中男46例，女22例，平均年龄（56.3±9.4）岁。所有患者均有高血压病史，且经头颅CT 、MRI 等确认脑出血。肢体瘫痪37例，意识障碍14例，格拉斯哥（GCS ）评分均≥6分。脑出血量根据多田公式计算为15～56mL 。出血

位于基底节42例，丘脑13例，皮质下4例，小脑2例，脑室内或破入脑室7例。除外昏迷、瞳孔散大、呼吸不规则及脑血管瘤、脑血管畸形等其他原因导致脑出血患者。随机分观察组与对照组各34例，两组性别、年龄、病程、血压、GCS 评分、脑出血量、临床表现等比较差异均无统计学意义（P ＞0.05），具有可比性。本研究经医院伦理委员会研究通过，所有患者对本研究均知情，且同意进入研究。1.2方法

1.2.1观察组给予颅骨钻孔尿激酶溶解引流术：于头颅CT 显示的血肿层面最大处中心点与颅骨最短连线交点局麻下头颅钻孔，避开功能区和重要血管。钻孔成功后将引流管置入血肿，液化血肿可自行流出，适当抽吸，术后予2mL 等渗盐水+尿激酶1万～2万U 注入血肿腔，夹闭引流管30min 放开。之后根据头颅CT 、引流情况及临床表现可再次予3mL

颅骨钻孔尿激酶溶解引流术与小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的效果比较

张永兵

陕西省延安市人民医院神经外科，陕西延安

716000

[摘要]目的比较颅骨钻孔尿激酶溶解引流术与小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血临床效果。方法选择我院2009年5月～2011年4月收治的高血压脑出血（HICH ）患者68例，随机分为观察组与对照组，每组各34例。观察

组给予颅骨钻孔尿激酶溶解引流术治疗，对照组给予小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗，对比两组患者手术时间、住院时间、再出血率及近、远期疗效。结果观察组手术时间及住院时间均显著短于对照组，差异有高度统计学意义（均P ＜0.01）；术后再出血发生率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）；观察组近期总有效率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；远期恢复良好率显著高于对照组，差异有高度统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。结论颅骨钻孔尿激酶溶解引流术治疗HICH 显著优于小骨窗开颅血肿清除术，安全可靠，值得临床推广。[关键词]高血压脑出血；颅骨钻孔引流术；尿激酶；小骨窗开颅术[中图分类号]R743.34[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1673-7210（2012）10（b ）-0070-02

Comparison of the clinical effects between skull drill drainage -urokinase perfusion and small bone flap craniotomy for removing the hematoma in hy -pertensive cerebral hemorrhage

ZHANG Yongbing

Department of Neurosurgery,the People's Hospital of Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province,Yan'an 716000,China

[Abstract]Objective To contrast the clinical efficacy of the application of skull drill drainage-urokinase perfusion and small bone flap craniotomy for removing the hematoma in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (HICH).Methods 68patients with HICH in our hospital from May 2009to April 2011were randomly divided into observation group (n =34)and control group (n =34),the observation group was treated with skull drill drainage-Urokinase perfusion,and the control group was treated with small bone flap craniotomy,then the operating time,hospital stays,rehaemorrhagia rate,short term effects and long-term effects were contrasted between the two groups.Results Operating time and hospital stays in obser -vation group were significantly shorter than that in control group,the differences were all statistically significant (all P ＜0.01),the difference of rehaemorrhagia rate was not significantly significant (P ＞0.05);the difference of short term effect between the two groups was significantly significant (P ＜0.05),the difference of long-term effect between the two groups was significantly significant (P ＜0.01).Conclusion The application of skull drill drainage-urokinase perfusion has a better effects for removing the hematoma in HICH than small bone flap craniotomy and it is safe,reliable and worthy of clinical application.

[Key words]HICH;Skull drill drainage;Urokinase;Small bone flap craniotomy

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