电子信息专业英语

Unit 1 The Development of Electronics
Electronics is a part of the larger field of electricity. The basic principles of electricity are also common to electronics, Modern advances in the fields of computers, control systems, communications have a close relationship with electronics.
Electronics is a scientific study of electronic components such as electron tubes, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits and so on, electronic circuits and its applications. Electronics began in 1883, when Thomas Edison discovered the vacuum diode as part of his research on materials for a practical electric light. Edison’s discovery laid the foundation of electronics.
The development of electronics has had three important steps: the first step was electron tube invented by Fleming, an English physicist in 1904. This invention led the world to step into an electronic era. During that time the application of electron tubes was in the communication industry, first in radios and later in televisions. Because of their large size and wasted power, most of their applications are replaced by transistors today. The invention of transistor was the second step in electronics. A transistor was made from semiconductor material. The early transistors were made from germanium. The most visible application of transistors was in small, portable AM broadcast receivers. Silicon transistor began to replace germanium transistors in the late 1950s, which made possible the next revolutionary step in electronics. And the third step was the development of integrated circuits (ICs), which made a commercial success in electronics. Jack Kilby, an American scientist, made the first single chip IC in 1985, which laid foundation of microminiaturization and integration. The development of IC created microelectronics and brought a wide use of electronics in everyday items. It created the modern computer industry and restructured communications. Without it, man could not explore space or fly to the moon.
Electronic technology is developing rapidly in the world. And electronics industry is equipped to make yet another giant step forward.
翻译：1章：电子学的发展
1段：电子学是电学这个大领域中的一部分。

有关电学的基本原理也都常用于电子学中。

近代计算机、控制系统和通讯等方面的进展都与电子学有着密切的关系。

2段：电子学是研究电子器件（例如电子管、二极管、晶体管和集成电路等）电子电路及其应用的科学。

电子学始于1833年，即爱迪生在研究材料中发现真空二极管可以用作电灯的那一年。

爱迪生的发现奠定了电子学的基础。

3段：电子学的发展经历了三个重要的阶段：第一阶段是英国物理学家弗莱明于1904年发明了第一只电子管，这一发明标志着世界从此进入了电子时代。

该时期电子管应用于通讯行业，首先用于收音机，然后用于电视。

由于电子管体积大、功耗大，现在它的绝大部分用途已经被晶体管所取代。

晶体管的发明是电子学发展的第二阶段。

晶体管有半导体材料做成。

早期的晶体管用锗做成，主要用于小型袖珍调幅收音机。

硅晶体管于20世纪50年代末开始取代锗晶体管，它再次给电子学带来了革命性进步。

第三阶段是集成电路的发展，它给电子学带来了商业性的成就。

杰克科尔比，一个美国科学家，于1958年制造了第一个单片集成电路，为微型化和集成化奠定了基础。

集成电路的发展产生了微电子学，这使得电子学在日常事务中得到广泛应用。

长期以来，集成电路被视为信息时代最为重要的一项发明。

它开创了现代计算机工业，创建了通讯业。

没有它，人类就不可能探索宇宙或飞向月球。

4段：电子技术正在全世界飞速发展，电子工业也正以有一巨大的步伐向前迈进。