电子信息类专业英语翻译
电子信息工程专业英语 课文翻译 Unit 05 译文
Unit 5 多址技术Unit 5-1第一部分：多址技术：频分多址、时分多址、码分多址多址方案用于使许多用户同时使用同一个固定带宽的无线电频谱。
在任何无线电系统中分配的带宽总是有限的。
移动电话系统的典型总带宽是50MHz ，它被分成两半用以提供系统的前向和反向连接。
任何无线网络为了提高用户容量都需要共享频谱。
频分多址（FDMA ）、时分多址（TDMA ）、码分多址（CDMA ）是无线系统中由众多用户共享可用带宽的三种主要方法。
这些方法又有许多扩展和混合技术，例如正交频分复用（OFDM ），以及混合时分和频分多址系统。
不过要了解任何扩展技术首先要求对三种主要方法的理解。
频分多址在FDMA 中，可用带宽被分为许多个较窄的频带。
每一用户被分配一个独特的频带用于发送和接收。
在一次通话中其他用户不能使用同一频带。
每个用户分配到一个由基站到移动电话的前向信道以及一个返回基站的反向信道，每个信道都是一个单向连接。
在每个信道中传输信号是连续的，以便进行模拟通信。
FDMA 信道的带宽一般较小（30kHz ），每个信道只支持一个用户。
FDMA 作为大多数多信道系统的一部分用于初步分割分配到的宽频带。
将可用带宽分配给几个信道的情况见图5.1和图5.2。
时分多址TDMA 将可用频谱分成多个时隙，通过分配给每一个用户一个时隙以便在其中发送或接收。
图5.3显示如何以一种循环复用的方式把时隙分配给用户，每个用户每帧分得一个时隙。
TDMA 以缓冲和爆发方式发送数据。
因此每个信道的发射是不连续的。
待发送的输入数据在前一帧期间被缓存，在分配给该信道的时隙中以较高速率爆发式发送出去。
TDMA 不能直接传送模拟信号因为它需要使用缓冲，因而只能用于传输数字形式的数据。
由于通常发送速率很高，TDMA 会受到多径效应的影响。
这导致多径信号引起码间干扰。
TDMA 一般与FDMA 结合使用，将可用的全部带宽划分为若干信道。
这是为了减少每个信道上的用户数以便使用较低的数据速率。
电子专业英语翻译
电子专业词汇翻译1 backplane 背板2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考3 benchtop supply 工作台电源4 Block Diagram 方块图5 Bode Plot 波特图6 Bootstrap 自举7 Bottom FET Bottom FET8 bucket capcitor 桶形电容9 chassis 机架10 Combi-sense Combi-sense11 constant current source 恒流源12 Core Sataration 铁芯饱和13 crossover frequency 交叉频率14 current ripple 纹波电流15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期16 cycle skipping 周期跳步17 Dead Time 死区时间18 DIE Temperature 核心温度19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断20 dominant pole 主极点21 Enable 使能，有效，启用22 ESD Rating ESD额定值23 Evaluation Board 评估板24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent dam age to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not i mplied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。
建议不要工作在电特性表规定的参数范围以外。
25 Failling edge 下降沿26 figure of merit 品质因数27 float charge voltage 浮充电压28 flyback power stage 反驰式功率级29 forward voltage drop 前向压降30 free-running 自由运行31 Freewheel diode 续流二极管32 Full load 满负载33 gate drive 栅极驱动34 gate drive stage 栅极驱动级35 gerber plot Gerber 图36 ground plane 接地层37 Henry 电感单位：亨利38 Human Body Model 人体模式39 Hysteresis 滞回40 inrush current 涌入电流41 Inverting 反相42 jittery 抖动43 Junction 结点44 Kelvin connection 开尔文连接45 Lead Frame 引脚框架46 Lead Free 无铅47 level-shift 电平移动48 Line regulation 电源调整率49 load regulation 负载调整率50 Lot Number 批号51 Low Dropout 低压差52 Miller 密勒53 node 节点54 Non-Inverting 非反相55 novel 新颖的56 off state 关断状态57 Operating supply voltage 电源工作电压58 out drive stage 输出驱动级59 Out of Phase 异相60 Part Number 产品型号61 pass transistor pass transistor62 P-channel MOSFET P沟道MOSFET63 Phase margin 相位裕度64 Phase Node 开关节点65 portable electronics 便携式电子设备66 power down 掉电67 Power Good 电源正常68 Power Groud 功率地69 Power Save Mode 节电模式70 Power up 上电71 pull down 下拉72 pull up 上拉73 Pulse by Pulse 逐脉冲（Pulse by Pulse）74 push pull converter 推挽转换器75 ramp down 斜降76 ramp up 斜升77 redundant diode 冗余二极管78 resistive divider 电阻分压器79 ringing 振铃80 ripple current 纹波电流81 rising edge 上升沿82 sense resistor 检测电阻83 Sequenced Power Supplys 序列电源84 shoot-through 直通，同时导通85 stray inductances. 杂散电感86 sub-circuit 子电路87 substrate 基板88 Telecom 电信89 Thermal Information 热性能信息90 thermal slug 散热片91 Threshold 阈值92 timing resistor 振荡电阻93 Top FET Top FET94 Trace 线路，走线，引线95 Transfer function 传递函数96 Trip Point 跳变点97 turns ratio 匝数比，＝Np / Ns。
电子信息工程专业英语 课文翻译 Unit 12 译文
Unit 12 生物识别技术Unit 12-1第一部分：指纹识别在所有的生物技术中，指纹识别是最早期的一种技术。
我们知道，每个人都有自己独特的、不可变更的指纹。
指纹是由手指表皮上的一系列峰谷组成的。
指纹的独特性是由这些峰谷的形状以及指纹的细节点所决定的。
指纹的细节点是指纹局部凸起处的一些特性，这些特性出现在凸起的分叉处或是凸起的截止处。
指纹匹配技术可以被分为两类：基于细节的指纹匹配技术和基于相关性的指纹匹配技术。
基于细节的指纹匹配首先要找出细节点，然后在手指上对应出与它们相关的位置，如图12.1所示。
但是，使用这种方法存在一些困难。
要精确地提取指纹的细节点是很困难的。
而且，这种方法不能很好地考虑指纹峰谷的整体形状。
基于相关性的指纹匹配技术可以解决部分基于细节的指纹匹配方法存在的问题，但它也存在一些自身的缺陷。
基于相关性的匹配技术需要给出已注册过的特征点的精确位置，并且该方法会受图像平移和旋转的影响。
图12.1 基于细节的指纹匹配基于细节的指纹匹配技术在匹配不同大小的细节模型时（未注册过的）会存在一些问题。
指纹上局部的凸起结构不能完全由指纹细节实现特征化。
我们可以尝试另一种表达指纹的方法，它可以获得更多的指纹局部信息并且得到固定长度的指纹编码。
于是，我们只需要计算两个指纹编码之间的欧几里得距离，匹配过程有望变得相对简单。
研发对于指纹图像中噪声更稳健并能实时提供更高精度的算法是重要的。
商用指纹（身份）认证系统对给定的错误接受率要求具有很低的错误拒绝率。
在这点上，任何一项简单的技术都很难实现。
我们可以从不同的匹配技术中汇总多个证据从而提高系统的总体精确度。
在实际应用中，传感器、采集系统、性能随时间的变化是关键因素。
为了评价系统性能，我们有必要对少数使用者在一段时间内进行现场试验。
每天我们可以从法医鉴定、出入口控制、驾驶证登记等多个方面的应用中采集并保存大量的指纹。
基于指纹的自动识别系统需要把输入的指纹与数据库中大量的指纹进行匹配验证。
电子信息工程专业英语Lesson 15 Memory (存储器)翻译
存储器是计算机存储程序和数据的一部分。
专业术语“memory”经常指的是位于计算机内部的存储。
它也被称为实际存储器或主存储器，并且表现为大量的KB。
每一KB相当于1024字节，并且每一字节相当于8比特。
主存储器的主要功能是作为CPU和计算机系统其他组件的媒介。
它类似一个桌面，你可以把干活急需的东西放在上面。
CPU只使用存储在主存储器的软件指令和数据。
正如你所知道的，主存储器是一个随机存储器，或者称为RAM。
这命名鉴于这么一个事实——数据在电子主芯片中可以随意存放和恢复，而且不管数据在何处，存放和恢复的时间差不多是相同的。
主存储器是一个电子设备生产的不稳定的状态。
当电脑关机了，主存储器就清空了；当打开时，主存储器能够接收和保留一份软件指令和所需处理的数据。
由于主存储器是一种波动形式，它取决于电源并且电源也可能在处理过程中断电，用户通常将他们的工作保存到永久性存储设备，如磁盘或硬盘。
通常来说，主存储器主要是用于如下几个目的：Storage of a copy of the main software program that controls the general operation of the computer（储存一份用于控制计算机一般操作的主要的软件程序）。
当计算机打开时，这份拷贝被加载到主存储器中，并且它一直在那里只要计算机打开。
临时存储的应用程序指令由CPU检索用于解释和执行t emporary storage of data that has been input from the keyboard or other input device until instructions call for the data to be transferred into the CPU for processing（临时存储的数据已经从键盘或其他输入设备输入，直到指令调用的数据被转移到CPU迚行处理）t emporary storage of data that has been produced as a result of process until instructions call for the data to be used again in subsequent process or to be transferred to an output device such as the screen,a printer,or a disk storage device（由于处理的结果，临时存储的数据已经产生了，在接下来的迚程或将被转移到一个输出设备例如显示器，打印机，或者一块磁盘存储设备，直到指令调用数据将再次被使用）几种半导体存储器芯片被用于主存储器中。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社nglish for IT and EE-08
(bps) of transmitted information in the sense that going to a
higher information rate requires a higher frequency. Thus, the first observation from the frequency line would be that, for optical carriers, which have frequencies in the hundreds of THz, information bandwidth is in some sense free. 信息的带宽在 某种意义上是 免费的 因此在较高的信息率要求较高 的频率这层意义上，要考虑传 输信息的每个bps成本问题
与用于信息传输的光学技术 的潜力有关的
仔细研究表8.1中的频率表可以看到各种用于信息传 A frequency line which gives the wavelengths , the frequencies
, and the photon energy p for the various regions of the frequency
9
2
As wavelengths decrease to approach the size of circuit
components, circuit elements are no longer lumped, and leads
can act as reflective components and/or antennas and lumped
电子工程专业英语词汇翻译
电子工程专业英语词汇翻译ac-drives 交流变频器ac- motors 交流电机asymmetrical 非对称的attenuation 衰减automation and drives 自动化与驱动back-to-back 背靠背的，紧接的backward-travelling waves 向后传播的波band width 带宽bridged impedance 桥接阻抗cable bridge 电缆桥架capacitance 电容capacitive 电容性的charge 电荷circuit schematic diagram 电路原理图解cladding 覆层clock cycle 脉冲周期coefficient 系数common-mode noise 普通模式噪音conductivity 传导性configuration 构造constant 常量constraint 约束，强制copper sheet 铜片core transistor logic 磁心晶体管逻辑coupling 联结current carrying capacity 载流水平（允许电流）damping 阻尼decentralized automation 分布式自动化系统decomposition 分解decouple 分离delay circuit 延迟电路dielectric sheets 介电原片differential pair 微分对diode clamping钳位edge connector 边缘连接器electrical infrastructure 电气基础设施electrical installation 电气安装技术equations set 方程组evenly 均匀地flip-chip 后滚翻 forward-travelling waves 向前传播的波four-layer 四层global overview 世界概览granularity 间隔尺寸ground plane 地平面，水平投影hookup 接线图human machine interface 人机界面impedance 阻抗incidence 入射incident wave 入射波inconsequential 不合逻辑的incorporated 合成一体的inductance 感应系数industrial communication 工业通讯industrial controls 工业控制inherently 固有地in isolation 绝缘instantaneous 瞬间的interleaved 交叉intrinsic 本征的laminate 碾压lead 导线leakage current 泄漏电流load admittance 负载导纳loops 线圈lumped 集中的macroprocessor 微处理器manufacturing execution systems 制造执行系统matrix 矩阵medium-power distribution 中压配电modal 模式的modeling 建模motion control 运动控制motor and soft starters 电机及软起动器motor management systems 电机管理系统mounting pads 安装垫片multimedia show 多媒体展示negligible 能够忽略的noise margins 噪音安全系数numerical controls 数控系统off-diagonal terms 分离对角线条件optimal 的，最理想的overload relays 过载继电器overly 过度地overshoot 过冲parastics 寄生效应passive component 无peak current 峰值电流power dissipation 电力分散prepreg 预浸料呸process automation 过程自动化process instrumentation and analytics 过程仪表及分析仪器proximity effect 邻近效应punched 穿孔radian 弧度reactance 电抗recharge 再充reflection coefficient 反射系数regulated power supply 稳压电源resistance 阻抗resistive 有抵抗力的resistor 电阻器resonate 共振routability 路线routing 邮件路由schematic 示意图segment 一段self-inductance 自感应series inductance 串联感应services & industry solutions 服务和工业解决方案simulation 模拟single-ended termination 单一终端终止stackup 定高分层盘旋stub 断株subdivide 细分susceptible 易受影响的switching 配电；交流terminator 终结器thermal cycle 热循环thickness 厚度totally integrated power 全集成能源管理transistor 晶体管undershoot 负脉冲信号；下冲voice interference analysis system 语音干扰分析系统voltage regulator 调压器warpage 热曲线warping 扭曲，变形waveguide 波导wiring layout 线路配置图。
内蒙古科技大学电子信息专业英语翻译
Unit327-2In the binary system of representation the base is 2, and only two numerals 0 and 1 are required to represent a number. The numerals 0 and 1 have the same meaning as in the decimal system, but a different interpretation is placed on the position occupied by a digit. In the binary system the individual digits represent the coefficients of powers of two rather than ten as in the decimal system. For example, the decimal number 19 is written in the binary representation as10011 since10011=1×24+0×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=16+0+0+2+1=19A short list of equivalent numbers in decimal and binary notation is given in Table 3.2.二进制示数系统中的基数是二，且只有0和1两个数被用以示数。
0和1在这里与在十进制中具有一样的意义，但每个数位表示的不一样。
二进制系统中每个数字表示二的幂系数，而十进制中表示十的幂系数。
例如，十进制数19在二进制中表示为10011因为10011=1×24+0×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=16+0+0+2+1=19二进制和十进制数相等数字见表3.2.27-3A general method for converting from a decimal to a binary number is indicated in Table 3.3. The procedure is the following. Place the decimal number (in this illustration, 19) on the extreme right. Next divide by 2 and place the quotient (9) to the left and indicate the remainder (1) directly below it. Repeat this process (for the next column 9÷2 =4 and a remainder of 1) until a quotient of 0 is obtained. The array of 1’s and 0’s in the second row is the binary representationof the origin decimal number. In this example, decimal 19=10011 binary.十进制转换成二进制的一般方法如图3.3。
电子信息工程专业英语英译汉翻译
1 The transistor is what started the evolution of the modern computer industry in motion.晶体管开启了现代电脑工业的革命2 The storage cell only requires one capacitor and one transistor, whereas a flip-flop connected in an array requires 6 transistors.存储单元仅需要一个电容和晶体管，并而不像触发器整列那样需要6个晶体管3 There has been a never ending series of new op amps released each year since then, and their performance and reliability has improved to the point where present day op amps can be used for analog applications by anybody.从此以后每年都有新系列的运放发布，他们的性能和可靠性得到了提升，如今任何人都能用运放来设计模拟电路。
4 This is capable of very high speed conversion and thus can accommodate high sampling rates, but in its basic form is very power hungry.它具有高速转换能力，从而能适应高速采样速率，但它的基本形式非常耗电。
5 During the “on” period , energy is being stored within the core material of the inductor in the form of flux.在”on”阶段，能量以涌浪形式存储在电感的核芯材料里面6 The design goal of frequency synthesizers is to replace multiple oscillators in a system, and hence reduce board space and cost.频率合成器的设计目标是取代系统中多个振荡器，从而减小板卡面积和成本。
各专业英文翻译
法学 Law Study英语 English日语 Japanese信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science应用物理学 Applied Physics冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering工业设计 Industrial Disign建筑学 Architecture城市规划 City Planning艺术设计 Artistical Disign包装工程 Packaging Engineering机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation自动化 Automation通信工程 Communication Engineering电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology土木工程 Civil Engineering工程管理 Project Management给水排水工程 Water Supply and Sewage Engineering建筑环境与设备工程 Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程 Processing Units and Control Engineering环境工程 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电子信息工程专业英语课文翻译(第3版)
电子信息工程专业英语教程第三版译者:唐亦林p32In 1945 H. W。
Bode presented a system for analyzing the stability of feedback systems by using graphical methods. Until this time, feedback analysis was done by multiplication and division，so calculation of transfer functions was a time consuming and laborious task. Remember, engineers did not have calculators or computers until the ’70s。
Bode presented a log technique that transformed the intensely mathematical process of calculating a feedback system’s stability into graphical analysis that was simple and perceptive. Feedback system design was still complicated, but it no longer was an art dominated by a few electrical engineers kept in a small dark room。
Any electrical engineer could use Bode's methods find the stability of a feedback circuit，so the application of feedback to machines began to grow。
各专业英文翻译
法学 Law Study英语 English日语 Japanese信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science应用物理学 Applied Physics冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering工业设计 Industrial Disign建筑学 Architecture城市规划 City Planning艺术设计 Artistical Disign包装工程 Packaging Engineering机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation自动化 Automation通信工程 Communication Engineering电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology土木工程 Civil Engineering工程管理 Project Management给水排水工程 Water Supply and Sewage Engineering建筑环境与设备工程 Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程 Processing Units and Control Engineering环境工程 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电子信息专业英语课文翻译和答案
第一单元元件与定律A．课文译文电阻器、电容器和电感器在电子电路中，电阻器、电容器和电感器是特不重要的元件。
电阻器和电阻电阻器是二端口元件。
电阻是阻止电流流淌，更确切地讲，是阻止电荷流淌的能力。
在国际单位制中，电阻用欧姆来度量。
希腊字母Ω是欧姆的标准符号。
较大的电阻一般用千欧和兆欧来表示。
模拟这种特性常用的电路元件是电阻器。
图1.1表示电阻器的电路符号，R表示电阻器的电阻值。
图1.1电阻器的电路符号为了进行电路分析，我们必须在电阻器中指明电流和电压的参考方向。
要是我们选择关联参考方向，那么电压和电流之间的关系是：v=iR(1.1) 那个地点v是电压，其单位是伏特，i是电流，其单位是安培，R是电阻，其单位是欧姆。
要是选择非关联参考方向，我们必须写成：v=－iR(1.2) 用在公式〔1.1〕和〔1.2〕中的代数式确实是根基闻名的欧姆定律。
欧姆定律表示了电压作为电流的函数。
然而，要表示电流是电压的函数也是特不方便的。
欧姆定律是电阻两端的电压和电流间的代数关系。
电容器和电容电能能够存储在电场中，存储电能的装置喊电容器。
电容器存储电能的能力喊做电容。
图1.2表示电容器的电路符号。
电容的电路参数用字母C表示，用法拉来度量。
因为法拉是相当大的电容量，实际上电容值通常位于皮法和微法之间。
图1.2电容器的电路符号当电压随时刻变化时，电荷的位移也随时刻变化，引起了众所周知的位移电流。
在终端，位移电流和传导电流没有区不。
当电流参考方向和电压参考方向是关联参考方向时，电流正比于电容两端电压随时刻的变化率的数学表达式为： dt dv C i =(1.3) 那个地点i 的单位是安培，C 的单位是法拉，v 的单位是伏特，t 的单位是秒。
电感器和电感众所周知，电感是电子电路中的模块之一。
所有的线圈都有电感。
电感是反抗流过线圈电流的任何变化的性质。
电感用字母L 表示，其单位是亨利。
图1.3表示一个电感器。
图1.3电感器的电路符号当电流和电压的参考方向关联时，有dtdi L v =(1.4) 那个地点v 的单位是伏特，L 的单位是亨利，i 的单位是安培，t 的单位是秒。
(完整版)电子信息与通信工程专业英语期末必考翻译
1。
"In most cases, these signals originate as sensory data from the real world：seismic vibrations visual images， sound waves， etc。
DSP isthe mathematics，the algorithms, and the techniques used to manipulate these signals after they have been converted into a digital form.”在大多数情况下，这些信号来源于人对真实世界的感觉，比如地震的震动，视觉图像,声音波形等。
数字信号处理是一种数学工具,是一种用来处理那些将上述信号转换成数字形式后的信号的算法和技术.2.Fourier’s representation of functionsas a superposition of sines and cosines has become Ubiquitous for both the analytic and numerical solution of differential equations and for the analysis and treatment of communication signals 函数的傅里叶表示,即将函数表示成正弦和余弦信号的叠加，这种方法已经广泛用于微分方程的解析法和数值法求解过程以及通信信号的分析和处理。
3。
If f （t ） is a nonperiodic signal, the summation of the periodic functions ,such as sine and cosine, does not accurately represent the signal. You couldartificially extend thesignal to make it periodicbut it would requireadditional continuity at the endpoints . 如果f(t)是非周期信号，那么用周期函数例如正弦和余弦的和，并不能精确的表示该信号f(t).你可以人为的拓展这个信号使其具有周期性，但是这要求在端点处附加连续性4。
电子信息工程专业英语 课文翻译 Unit 04 译文
Unit 4 通信和信息论Unit 4-1第一部分：远程通信远程通信是远距离通信的信号传输，在现代，通常这个过程需要电子发射机发射电磁波，但是在早期远程通信包括使用烟火信号，鼓或旗语或日光仪。
今天，远程通信很普遍的，助推这一过程的设备如电视，无线电和电话在世界的许多地区都已很普遍。
还有连接这些设备的许多网络，包括计算机网络，公共电话网，无线电网和电视网络。
互联网上的计算机通信是众多通信的一个例子。
通信系统通常由通信工程师设计。
在这个领域中早期的发明家有Alexander Graham Bell, Guglielmo Marconi 和John Logie Baird。
通信在当今的世界经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用，通信产业的税收在世界总产值的比例已接近百分之三。
基本要素每个通信系统包括三个基本要素：采集信息并能将其转换为信号的发射机，传输信号的传输媒介，接收信号并能将其还原为有用信息的接收机。
考虑一个无线电广播的例子。
广播塔是发射机，收音机是接收机，传输媒介是自由空间。
通常通信系统都是双向的，一个设备既做发射机又做接收机，即收发器。
例如，移动手机就是一个收发器。
电话线上的通信称为点对点通信，因为只在一个发射机和一个接收机之间。
通过无线电广播的通信称为广播（一对多）通信，因为通信是在一个大功率的发射机和许多接收机之间。
模拟或数字信号可以是模拟的，也可以是数字的。
在模拟信号中，信号根据信息而连续变化。
在数字信号信息被编码为一组离散值（如，1和0）。
在传输过程中，模拟信号中的信息会因噪声而退化。
相反，只要噪声不超过一定的阈值，数字信号中的信息是不会丢失的。
这是数字信号相对于模拟信号一个关键的优点。
网络网络是由一个相互通信的发射机、接收机或收发机的集合。
数字网络由一个或多个路由器组成，路由器正确地将数据发送给用户。
模拟网路由一个或多个交换器组成，交换器在两个或多个用户间建立连接。
这两种网络都需要中继器，用于远距离传输时的放大或重建信号。
大学各个专业名称的英文翻译
中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称哲学 Philosophy哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law 国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中*史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language andLiterature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 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Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil 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medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学） Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery) 妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and 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Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science.. .. .. ..参考.资料。
电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English for IT and EE-12
noise in fingerprint images and deliver increased accuracy in
real-time.1
研发对于指纹图像中噪声更稳健 并能实时提供更高精度的算法是 重要的。
extraction algorithm relies heavily on the quality of the input fingerprint images.
18
7
In order to ensure that the performance of an automatic
fingerprint identification/verification system will be robust
with respect to the quality of the fingerprint images, it is
essential to incorporate a fingerprint enhancement algorithm in the minutiae extraction module.5
It is difficult to extract the minutiae points accurately when
the fingerprint is of low quality. Also this method does not
take into account the global pattern of ridges and furrows.
matching of the fingerprints. An input fingerprint is first
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1.This electron beam sweeps across each line at a uniform rate，then flies back to scan another line directly below the previous one and so on，until the horizontal lines into which it is desired to break or split the picture have been scanned in the desired sequence．电子束以均匀的速率扫描每一行，然后飞速返回去扫描下一行，直到把被扫描的图像按所希望的顺序分割成行。
2.The technical possibilities could well exist，therefore，of nation-wide integrated transmission network of high capacity，controlled by computers，interconnected globally by satellite and submarine cable，providing speedy and reliable communications throughout the word因此，在技术上完全可能实现全国性的集成发送网络。
这种网络容量大，由计算机控制，并能通过卫星和海底电缆实现全球互联，提供世界范围的高速、可靠的通信。
3.Transit time is the primary factor which limits the ability of a transistor to operate at high frequency．渡越时间是限制晶体管高频工作能力的主要因素4.The intensity of sound is inversely proportional to the square of the distance measured from the source of the sound.声强与到声源的距离的平方成反比。
5.The attenuation of the filter is nearly constant to within 0.5 dB over the entire frequency band．该滤波器的衰减近于恒定, 整个频带内的变化在0.5 dB以内。
6.At present, the state of most semiconductor device technology is such that the device design and process technology must be supplemented by screening and inspection procedures, if ultimate device reliability is to be obtained and controlled．目前, 大多数半导体器件的技术尚未十分完善, 以至若要获得并控制器件最终的可靠性, 就必须辅以筛选和检验, 以弥补设计和工艺技术之不足7.Bandwidth of transistor amplifiers vary from about 250 MHz in the L band to 1000 MHz in the X band．晶体管放大器的带宽在L波段约为250 MHz, 在X波段为1000 MHz。
8.The output of the differential amplifier is fed to the circuit’s output stage via an offset-compensation network, which causes the op-amp’s output to center at zero volts. The output stage takes the form of a complementary emitter follower, and provides a low-impedance output.差动放大级的输出通过一个失调补偿网络与输出级相连, 目的是使运放的输出以0 V为中心。
输出级采用互补的射极跟随器的形式以使输出阻抗很低9.Because of the very high open-loop voltage gain of the op-amp, the output is driven into positive saturation (close to +V) when the sample voltage goes slightly above the reference voltage, and driven into negative saturation (close to-V) when the sample voltage goes slightly below the reference voltage.由于运放的开环电压增益很高, 当取样电压略高于参考电压时, 输出趋向于正向饱和状态(接近+V)。
当取样电压低于参考电压时, 输出趋向于负向饱和状态(接近-V)。
10.If the signal source were direct connected instead of capacitor coupled, there would be a low resistance path from the base to the negative supply line, and this would affect the circuit bias conditions.如果信号源和电路不是用电容耦合而是直接相连，从基极到负电源线就会一个低阻通路，并且这将影响到电路偏置状态11.The differential amplifier has a high-impedance (constant-current)“tail”to give it a high input impedance and a high degree of common-mode signal rejection. It also has a high-impedance collector (or drain) load, to give it a large amount of signal-voltage gain (typically about 100 dB).差动放大极有一个高阻抗的“尾巴”（恒流源）以提供高输入阻抗和对共模信号的深度抑制，同时，它还具有一个高阻抗和集电极或漏极负载以提供高的信号电压增益（典型的数据是100dB).12.On the other hand, a DC negative-logic system, as in Figure 3.6(b), is one which designates the more negative voltage state of the bit as the 1 level and the more positive as the 0 level.另一方面, 如图3.6(b)所示, 把比特的较低的电压状态记为1电平, 较高的电压状态记为0电平, 这样的系统称为直流负逻辑系统。
13.For example, to represent the 10 numerals (0, 1, 2, …, 9) and the 26 letters of the English alphabet would require 36 different combinations of 1’s and 0’s. Since 25<36<26, then a minimum of 6 bits per bite are required in order to accommodate all the alphanumeric characters.例如，要表示0～9十个数字和英文字母表中的26个字母，就需要0和1的36种不同的组合。
因为25<36>26,所以,为了能表示所有的字母和数字，要求每个字节最少要6个比特。
14.A 1 signifies the existence of a positive pulse in a dynamic positive-logic system; a negative pulse denotes a 1 in a dynamic negative-logic system; a 0 at a particular input (or output) at a given instant of time designates that no pulse is present at that particular moment.在动态正逻辑系统中，1表示有一个正脉冲存在，而在负逻辑系统中，负脉冲表示为1。
不管那种系统，某一时刻在某一输入端（或输出端）的0，均表示此刻无脉冲。
15.Intergraded circuits are also classified according to their functions. Digital or logical IC are used as switches, they are either on or off. In computers the on and off states correspond to 0 or 1.Other IC is called linear or analog IC.也可根据其功能不同对集成电路进行分类。
数字IC(也称为逻辑IC)通常用作开关, 表示接通或关断。
在计算机中, 接通和关断状态分别对应“0”或“1”。
另一种IC被称为线性或模拟IC。
16.The reduction in power dissipation is particularly important where a complex circuit is to be concentrated into a small space. The problem of extracting the heat generated in the circuit may then be a difficult one.减小功率损耗是非常重要的, 其方法是将一个复杂的电子线路集成为一小块。