浙江大学考博英语词汇真题
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming______: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.(浙江大学2010年试题)A．interruptionB．descriptionC．qualificationD．contradiction正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：interruption“中断”；description“描述”；qualification “资格”；contradiction“矛盾”。
contradiction一词总结了原句中解释性分句表达的意思。
所以，正确答案是D。
2．The party leader justified his subsequent re-election______that he had brought political stability and economic development to his country.(浙江大学2010年试题)A．in the wayB．by no meansC．on the groundsD．to the extent正确答案：C解析：在给出的选项中：in the way“在路上”；by no means“绝不”；on thegrounds“基于”；to the extent“到……程度”。
所以，正确答案是C。
3． A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English______young audience who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date.(浙江大学2010年试题)A．in memory ofB．at the cost ofC．on behalf ofD．for the benefit of正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：in memory of“纪念”；at the cost of“以某种代价”；onbehalf of“代表”；for the benefit of“为了某人的利益”。
浙江大学考博英语2012年真题_真题-无答案
浙江大学考博英语2012年真题(总分80,考试时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(略)Section Ⅱ VocabularyDirections: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that **pletes the sentence.1. He was unable to endure the torture of the enemy and surrendered. He ______ **rades.A. revealedB. suspendedC. exposedD. betrayed2. On the side of the hill, there is a ______ which was once the entrance to a gold mine.A. deep hole in groundB. hole deep in groundC. deep hole in the groundD. deep in the ground hole3. She"s got so ______ to light music that it has become a **panion of her life.A. use to listenB. used to listenC. used in listeningD. used to listening4. Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly ______ a stimulus to study and real learning.A. acts forB. acts onC. acts asD. acts to5. I feel quite confident in ______ Mr. Jackson to you for the vacant post of research assistant.A. submittingB. proclaimingC. recallingD. recommending6. A poor man has to ______ many things which a rich man regards as almost necessaries in life.A. go throughB. go withoutC. go overD. go about7. One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been ______ with the theoretical aspects of the subject.A. embracedB. alternatedC. adjustedD. integrated8. Topics of conversation should be ______ to the experiences and interests of the students.A. rigidB. rigorousC. relevantD. remarkable9. They did considerable work to ______ the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America.A. instructB. acquaintC. impartD. dictate10. Only the Chinese have successfully ______ pandas and raised their babies in captivity.A. bredB. expandedC. exertedD. availed11. The purpose of the official inquiry is to ______ the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.A. come atB. come forC. come intoD. come over12. The chairman made a(n) ______ statement before beginning the main business of the meeting.A. intensiveB. intermediateC. preliminaryD. operational13. Only in recent years ______ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.A. people haveB. since people haveC. have peopleD. people who have14. At the **mittee meeting, the motion that the club ______ open until midnight was defeated.A. remainsB. remainC. remainedD. would remain15. I don"t think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not ______ to do that type of work.A. compatibleB. convenientC. consistentD. competentSection Ⅲ Close TestDirections: There are 20 blacks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind"s future 3 and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us with a(n) 6 language ability not found in lower organisms. Supporters of this innateness theory say that our 7 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 8 times for language development.Current 9 of innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence 10 the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 11 grades. Young children often can learn several languages bybeing 12 to them, while adults have a much 13 time learning another language once the rules of their first language have become firmly fixed.14 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 15 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 16 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 17 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language 18 imitative, learned behavior. 19 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child"s language skills by 20 reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.1.A. generatedB. evolvedC. bornD. originated2.A. valuableB. appropriateC. convenientD. favorite3.A. attainmentsB. feasibilityC. entertainmentsD. evolution4.A. essentialB. availableC. reliableD. responsible5.A. confirmB. informC. claimD. convince6.A. innateB. basicC. inspiringD. outgoing7.A. potentialB. performanceC. preferenceD. passion8.A. ideologicalB. biologicalC. socialD. psychological9.A. reviewsB. referenceC. reactionD. recommendation10.A. opposingB. supportingC. encouragingD. discouraging11.A. variousB. differentC. the higherD. the lower12.A. revealedB. exposedC. engagedD. involved13.A. hardB. easyC. harderD. easier14.A. AlthoughB. WhetherC. SinceD. When15.A. distinguishedB. differentC. protectedD. isolated16.A. expositionB. comparisonC. contrastD. interaction17.A. acquisitionB. appreciationC. requirementD. alternative18.A. to beB. intoC. asD. of19.A. As a resultB. After allC. In other wordsD. Above all20.A. negativelyB. positivelyC. negativeD. positiveSection Ⅳ Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter.Passage 1Television—that most pervasive (遍布的) and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth—is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television **puter technologies.The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronics impulses, which can be sent through a wire or a cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), canthen be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle **munication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reached the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provided for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques. Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors (传播者) of the news, information and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have not only shaped television but our perception (感觉) as well. We **e to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.1. With which topic is the passage primarily concerned?A. Recent changes in modern technologyB. The marriage of broadcasting giantsC. The role of television in today"s societyD. The content of broadcast television programs2. The word "put" (2nd sentence of 2nd Para.) could best be replaced by which of the following?A. expressedB. askedC. placedD. inserted3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in television transmissions?A. The conversion of image into electronics impulsesB. The sending of impulses through a wire cableC. The changing of one image into another imageD. The feeding of impulses into a receiver4. What field of television is intended for specific groups?A. Broad-basedB. ReconstitutedC. TraditionalD. Non-broadcast5. Which of the following statements about the relationship between television and its viewers can best be inferred from the passage?A. Viewers do not take an active role in watching televisionB. Viewers would prefer increased news coverageC. Viewers like to use television to reach other human beingsD. Viewers are grown tired of televisionPassage 2Got milk? Be very afraid. Or, preferably, a bit skeptical. Some folks are about to try to convince you that milk is toxic. But the real question is, what"s more dangerous to your health: milk, or celebrities and activists embarked on the latest trendy crusade (改革)? This month marks thepublicity-pumped debut of the Anti Dairy Coalition, a band of physicians, self-described "Holly-wood personalities" and others who decry what they call "the health and nutritional risks of consuming dairy products".The coalition, including its spokes-Jeremiah, writer George Plimpton, would have you believe that milk causes heart disease, cancer infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis. Robert Cohen, founder of the ADC (and author ofMilk: The Deadly Poison, writes: "The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by giving up milk."Hyperbole aside, the ADC is spotlighting a question hotly debated by everyone from nutritionists to parents. Many patients ask doctors whether they should give up milk, like that supermodel they saw interviewed on TV. And to be sure, the ADC"s overwrought claims do have some scientific basis.Take heart disease. Foods like butter, cheese, ice cream and whole milk are packed with saturated fat (饱和脂肪), which blocks arteries (动脉) and can lead to heart attacks. That"s why most nutritionists advise switching to low-fat or skim milk and eating more yogurt and cottage cheese than Haagen-Dazs and Bric. Even skim milk, though, can trigger allergies in some people, including infants, who in any case will get more iron and other key nutrients from breast milk or formula.So must you flee from milk entirely? Yes, says Cohen, who holds that skim milk is the devil"s brew. It"s full of—are you sitting down?—protein. And here"s where the ADC starts twisting the facts to reach wild conclusions. Allergies are frequently triggered by proteins (true; asthma is an allergic condition (true; it"s been increasing dramatically (true; doctors don"t know the cause (true; therefore, the protein in milk must be the culprit (罪魁祸首)?A similar leap of illogic assumes that because women in the Netherlands. Denmark, Norway and Sweden consume lots of milk and also suffer high rates of breast cancer, the former must cause the latter. Another clunker is Cohen"s claim that widespread lactose intolerance (乳糖不耐受)—the inability to digest dairy products—means milk is of little use as a source of calcium. In fact, many cases of lactose intolerance are mild and interfere only slightly with calcium uptake. Many people intolerant of milk can easily digest yogurt. And lactase tablets (乳糖分解酵素片) can make dairy products digestible even in severe cases.If milk isn"t the perfect food, it"s still got some big things going for it. It"s an inexpensive source of calcium, protein, potassium and other vitamins and minerals. And unlike other sources of calcium, such as, say, steamed kale, milk is a food kids will eat. The ADC feels that milk is the root of most human maladies (疾病), but I can point to other single-issue obsessive who insist the villain is meat or wheat or sugar or some other substance that our species has long and happily consumed. I often learn something by examining their claims. But I **ing back to the mainstream nutritionists, who emphasize a balanced diet and advise moderation in all things.1. The ADC holds that giving up milk will cause the following diseases EXCEPT ______.A. breast cancerB. diabetesC. heart diseaseD. lung disease2. The writer thinks that milk ______.A. is toxic and we should give it upB. is very nutritious and we should consume it as much as possibleC. is the most ideal foodD. has its pluses and minuses and we should consume it sensibly3. It is clear from the passage that ______.A. the writer is of the same opinion about milk with the ADCB. the writer regards milk as the root of most human diseasesC. the writer advises people to stay out of trouble with milkD. the writer"s opinion about milk differs greatly from the ADC"s4. According to the passage, if you suffer from lactose intolerance ______.A. you had better give up milk entirelyB. you should have less milk every dayC. you can take lactase which catalyzes (催化) lactose into glucose (葡萄糖) and galactose (半乳糖)D. you must see a doctor at once5. We can conclude from the passage that the writer is ______.A. an unprejudiced personB. an opinionated personC. a worldly personD. a wise but peculiar personPassage 3Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subject—and studied the brain—say that they are. Research for my bookLate-Talking Childrendrove home the point to me. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientist—and four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjects—and to music. Black, white and Asian children in this group show the same patterns. However, looking at the large world around us, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly underrepresented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering.If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this great disparity? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians.It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelled-popular music rather than classical music, piano rather than violin, blues rather than opera. This is readily understandable, given that most blacks, for most of American history, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music. Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They have played a disproportionately large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modern. Along string of **es to mind—Duke Ellington, Scou Joplin, W. C. Handy, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker...and on and on.None of this presupposes any special innate ability of blacks in music. On the contrary, it is perfectly consistent with blacks" having no more such inborn ability than anyone else, but beinglimited to being able to express such ability in narrower channels than others who have had the money, the tie and the formal education to spread out over a wider range of music, as well as into mathematics, science and engineering.There is no way of knowing whether Duke Ellington would have become a mathematician or scientist under other circumstances. What is clearer is that most blacks have not had such alternatives available until very recently, as history is measured. Moreover, now that cultural traditions have been established, even those blacks who have such alternatives available today, and who have the inborn abilities to pursue them, may nevertheless continue for some time to follow well-worn paths.1. The author"s research for his book Late-Talking Children showed him that ______.A. mathematical ability and musical ability are closely relatedB. bright but speech-delayed children favor analytical subjectsC. on the surface, mathematical ability and musical ability are not connectedD. children of different races differ slightly in their mathematical and musical abilities2. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A. the development of all music talents needs little or no formal trainingB. abilities, such as mathematical ability, sometimes can not be developed with formal educationC. blacks are underrepresented in mathematics because they have no chances to receive formal educationD. blacks usually prefer music to mathematics, science and engineering3. It is known from the passage that Duke Ellington ______.A. only loves popular musicB. has made a great contribution to the development of jazzC. is an obscure musicianD. never excels in jazz music4. The author holds that ______.A. blacks demonstrate better inborn musical abilities than othersB. blacks are distinguished in all kinds of musicC. blacks now continue to do music because of their cultural traditionsD. blacks still have no chances to become mathematicians or scientists today5. In this passage, the author tries to say that ______.A. musical ability has no connection with mathematical abilityB. one"s ability has no connection with mathematical abilityC. blacks are so prejudiced that they seldom accept new thingsD. blacks are more successful in music than in science because of various reasonsPassage 4The deterioration of the environment, both physically and aesthetically, is most apparent in our cities. The dehumanizing effects of life in the slums and ghettoes particularly, where there is little hope for improving conditions, have often been cited as contributing causes of urban rioting and disturbances. Crime rates usually reach their peak in these neighborhoods. Such symptoms of general psychological maladjustment suggest that modern cities provide a less than idealenvironment for human beings.There seems to be abundant evidence that traditional cultural patterns break down in cities, and also that the high numbers of contacts with individuals, not part of one"s circle of regular social acquaintances may lead to mental disturbance defined here merely as behavior generally considered "disturbed" by the majority of the society. It is important to note that antisocial behavior and "mental illness" are found in all cultures, and that indeed the same disorders recognized by Western psychiatrists are found even in primitive peoples. Therefore, we can be reasonably certain that lack of an evolutionarily "natural" environment is not the sole cause of such behavior. Nevertheless, that lack may well serve to aggravate the problems of people living in our most crowded, smoggy, and impersonal metropolises.Stanford psychologist PG Zimbardo has concluded that urban pressures are transforming Americans into potential assassins. He based his conclusions on experimental studies of the connection between anonymity and aggression, and on field studies of vandalism. He noted an estimated 230 violent urban outbreaks in the period 1964-1969, and reported that in 1967 vandals in New York City alone wrecked 360,000 pay telephones, broke 202,719 school windows, and did damage to parks and transit systems costing some $850,000. Cars were abandoned on streets of a large city (New York) and a small one (Palo Alto, California), and secretly watched to see if there was a difference in vandalism between the two localities. The New York car was virtually demolished within three days by 23 separate attacks by looters and vandals, nearly all in view of passersby and during the daytime. The Palo Alto car was not molested for more than a week. How much (if any) of such behavior might be reduced if density were lowered is unknown, but at least the anecdotal evidence seems to indicate that high density is a factor in such problems. Crime rates are some five times as high in urban as in rural areas. Though some of this difference may be due to disparities in reporting, not all of it can be explained on this basis. Rates for violent crimes have been shown to be positively correlated with actual population densities in American cities. This general correlation held for statistics taken in three different years, 1940, 1950, and 1960, in the same cities. The rises in assault and robbery with higher density were particularly striking, although murder and rape both also reflected the trend. Robbery is the only one of the four that does not **monly occur between acquaintances. Interestingly, crime rates in the suburbs have been rising in the past few years, especially among teenagers from relatively affluent areas, although their crimes are more often acts against property than crimes of violence.1. According to the passage, most often crimes **mitted in ______.A. the suburbsB. commercial areas of big citiesC. the slums and ghettoesD. the parks and transit systems2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about antisocial behavior and "mental illness"?A. They are unique in modem citiesB. They are graver in metropolisesC. They are never found in primitive peoplesD. They result entirely from the lack of a "natural" environment3. According to PG Zimbardo"s research, ______.A. there exists a higher rate of vandalism in a more densely-populated cityB. when population densities decrease, crime rates go upC. there is no correlation between the population density and crime rateD. suburban teenagers are more apt to commit violent crimes than small thefts4. The writer holds that ______.A. deterioration of the environment in a modem city will make it unfit for people to live inB. lack of an "natural" environment results in antisocial behavior and "mental illness"C. deterioration of environment in a metropolis plays a certain role in causing high crime ratesD. vandalism and other violent outbreaks will never disappear in most crowded metropolises5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of breakdown in urban areas?A. VandalismB. SuicideC. RiotingD. RapeSection Ⅴ TranslationDirections: Translate the following into English.1. 世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。
浙大临床英语试卷(博士)
Part I Single Choices1.Which of the following is WRONG according to the principle ofcollecting specimen ? BA. Specimen should be collected timely and during the “window period”B. Specimen should be collected after antibioticsC. Avoid contaminating the specimenD. Specimen should be kept at appropriate temperature2.Uncontrolled growth, invasion and B are 3 malignant 恶性的properties of cancer.A. AbnormalB. Metastasis转移C. TransformationD. Prognosis预后3.Which one is NOT included in Routine Blood Chemsitry Items? CA. Magnesium 镁B. LDL cholesterol低密度胆固醇C. Aldosterone 醛固酮D. Creatinine肌酸酐3.Holter monitor is a small portable device with a recording systemcapable of storing up to 24 hours of B recordings.A. EKGB. Echocardiography超声心动C. AngiographyD. PCI4.Lipid profile does NOT include DA. Total cholesterol (TC)B. Triglyceride (TG)C. LDL-CD. Troponin I 肌钙蛋白5.Which one is NOT the trend of modern surgery DA. Diagnostic SurgeryB. Robotic SurgeryC. TransplantationD. Microinvasive Surgery微创外科6.angio- in（angiitis, angioplasty, angioma）means:A 血管A. vesselB. bloodC. lymphD. heart7.neuro- in（neurology, neuritis, neurosurgery）means:AA. nerveB. muscleC. brainD. spleen8.ectomy 切除术in（appendectomy, gastrectomy, hepatectomy）means:BA. inflammationB. removeC. openD. close9.Acute abdomen includes follows EXCEPT CA. Ectopic pregnancy 宫外孕B. Acute appendicitis急性阑尾炎C. Chronic cholecystitisD. Rupture of liverPart II Simple Questions1.What is core content of clinical thinking?Make determined diagnosis2.Why we need clinical thinking?1)Clinical diagnosis is the basic medical practice of physicians2)Proper diagnosis is the basis and premise of treatment3)The quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment is influenced by the service philosophy, professional knowledge and technic, clinical experience, ancillary equipment and so on.4)The results of misdiagnosis and mistreatment are serious: patients’ life and health is menaced, the doctors’ morality and justi ce is sullied How to use the methods of clinical thinking?1 diagnostic thinking:(1)history taking;(2)physical examination;(3)hypothesis of diagnosis;(4)developing a differential diagnosis;(5)searching the evidence;(6)select the related lab.tests and other techniques;2therapeutic thinking:3.What’s your opinion about Complete Doctor?First, they must be qualified doctors who have basic capabilities includingbasic story ,basic knowledge and basic skills and basic attitudes as follows:1)lifelong learning: recognizing medical learning is endless, to seriouslystudy.2)Responsibility: sense of justice and responsible for due diligence.3)An inquiring attitude: the patient mentors ,from human4)Open heart open minded5)Respect: respect your exposure to any one person,whatever hisorigin,status,wealth.6)The uncertainty in the ability to learn7)The accumulated experience and proficiencySecond, they must try their best to be good doctors who possess profound knowledge, exquisite medical skills and humanity.Third,they also need to qialify excellent personal qualities:1)to have modest ,diligent study of the spirit2)must be diligent with the brain,good at summing up3)observation4)imagination5)logical thinking, organizational skills, to avoid subjective judgementsForth, they must observe medical code of ethics1)as a doctor, they should always be for the interests of the patients, doeverything possible to relieve pain for patients: life-saving humanitarian 2)respect the patient’s personality and the right to treat patients equallyregardless of nationality ,gender, occupation, status, property status3)polite service. Dignified manners, language, civilization, the affable,sympathetic, caring and considerate of patients;4)integrity. Consciously abide by the law, do not accept patients with a redenvelope, dinner, not to patients or their families borrowed money and borrowed material;5)not to disclose patient privacy and confidentiality;6)to correctly handle the relationship between peer colleagues,mutual learning, solidarity and cooperation;7)rigorous and realistic, to forge ahead, to study medicine, and excellence.Constantly update their knowledge and improve skills.1.心肌梗死MI (myocardial infarction)；2.主治医生attending doctor；Resident physician 住院医师；3.哮喘asthma4.致癌作用Carcinogenic effect选择题：1、镭的发现之一是居里夫人，原名叫玛丽·斯可罗多夫斯卡2、词根前缀neutro 什么意思？中性3、词根后缀tachy什么意思？急速，加速，快速4、词根后缀ostomy什么意思？造瘘术，造口术5、心肌损伤标志物：1.心肌酶谱检测：天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）肌酸激酶（CK）肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）2．心肌蛋白检测：肌红蛋白（MYO）肌钙蛋白（CTn）C反应蛋白3.心肌血管标记物检测：4. 利钠肽（NP）：ANP：心钠素BNP：脑钠素CNP:C型利钠肽VNP:V-型利钠肽DNP: D-型利钠肽问答题：1、PET的临床应用答:其在临床主要用于肿瘤的早期定性诊断、分期和疗效评价,心肌细胞活性的判断,以及脑代谢与神经功能的研究。
浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析
浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析Section I Use of English(10%)Read the following text.Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is1of reason,I think,that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America2as doctors,scientists and engineers.Our struggles are individual and familial but3communal or political.Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN Dr earr While I can strive for4into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in ml home town,God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that――5fame ant in fluence as a writer,an Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi intellectual or perhaps president of the United States.I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something6than myself and m~personal ambitions,part of a larger culture. Unfortunately,by coming to America my parent,7the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me.When I visited8last summer,found that I was9and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Korean and for turning my10on their culture.Taxi drivers would 11to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our12where we had come from.And13,in spite of the17years I have spent in this country,I feel more acutely conscious than ever of the fact that I am not completely14.Recently,a black man called me a"littleChinese faggot"in a men's room,and a15woman on the street told me to"go back to Japan."Americans,I think,feel a(n)16to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological,philosophical and geographical distance.With17numbers of Asian-American18applying to top colleges,many white students have begun to complain aboutAsian-American19and competitiveness,calling us"Asian nerds."Many Americans consider this as part of a larger"Asian invasionf associated20Japan's export success in America.01.[A]one[B]part[C]much[D]some02.[A]country[B]city[C]land[D]society03.[A]hardly[B]frequently[C]approximately[D] always04.[A]scholarship[B]citizenship[C]admittance[D] integration05.[A]toward[B]near[C]between[D]among06.[A]more[B]better[C]larger[D]longer07.[A]sold[B]maintained[C]memorized[D]sacrificed08.[A]Japan[B]China[C]Korea[D]Thailand09.[A]scorned[B]respected[C]surprised[D]ignored10.[A]side[B]head[C]eyes[D]back11.[A]like[B]refuse[C]straggle[D]want12.[A]skin[B]clothes[C]faces[D]politeness13.[A]also[B]so[C]yet[D]then14.[A]hated[B]ignored[C]treated[D]welcome15.IAI homeless[B]careless[C]selfless[D]shameless16.[A]fear[B]need[C]interest[D]hate17.[A]growing[B]expanding[C]developing[D] enlarging18.[A]people[B]residents[C]students[D]foreigners19.,[Al diligence[B]laziness[C]hardship[D] stubbornness20.[A]for[B]to[C]with[D]atgection II Reading Comprehension(60%)Part A(40%)Read the following texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).Text1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government.By the end of September,there will be InfraGard chapters in all50states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI,each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry,the academic community and public agencies.Banks,utilities,and other businessesand government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks.Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.A"sanitized"description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte."Ten years ago,all you needed to protect yourself was a safe,a fence and security officers,"said Chris Swecker,who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office."Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including ,CNN and Yahoo!this year identified several North Carolina victims.The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business.Meanwhile,too many corporations have made it tooeasy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.Jack Wiles,who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board,said a recent report estimated97percent of all cybercrime goes undetected.Wiles,a computer security expert,has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer,"he said."The Net is a wonderful place,but it's also a dangerous one."21.From the first paragraph,we know[A]InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C]there will be50InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22.Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B]public agencies.[C]FBI.[D]private industry.23.By saying"too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility"the author means[A]too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B]criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C]it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D]many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24.All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A]victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B]vi victims have no fkewalls.[C]the use of modem is increasing.[D]companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25.It can be concluded from the passage that[A]not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation.[B]information of the victims is inaccessible.[C]InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] was once disrupted by hacking.Text2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put"a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom".Bob Chase,president of the National EducationAssociation(NEA),the main teachers'union,wasted no time in pointing out that this will require raising teachers'salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession and stay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to do with how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance;instead,it is determined by a rigid formula based on experience and years of schooling,factors massively unimportant in deciding how well students do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection.Since the most talented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions,they have a strong incentive to leave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity.For dullards,the incentives are just the opposite.The data are striking:when test scores are used as a proxy for ability,the bright est individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture.Clever students are the least like lyto choose education as a major at university.Among students who do major in education,those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers.And among individuals who enterteaching,those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20%real increase in teacher salaries during the1980s.It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacher quality,in largepart because schools do a poor job of.recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also,even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession,the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training.Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes,even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach.Inevitably, this system does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like to enter teaching at mid-career.26.Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A]NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B]Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C]Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D]The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27.Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT.[A]the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C]the salaries were not attractive enough.[D]teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28.According to the passage,the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because.[A]it offers low pay.[B]they have interest in other professions.[C]it does not value productivity.[D]it uses poor recruiting strategies.29."The data are striking:when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture"means.[A]students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B]students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C]students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D]students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30.All can be concluded BUT.[A]teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B]the more outstanding one is,the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C]American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D]increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth.It was createdin1969to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for68years,andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer.Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific,and its prize as not a proper Nobel.Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics.Gunnar Myrdal,who shared the award in1974,said the prize ought to be abolished(but he did not return the money).Milton Friedman,winnerin1976,doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the1990s,the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence.Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act.The father of game theory won only after Mr.Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work,the best of which was done beforehe became ill.Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier.In1998,the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management,a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes,the1997 Nobel laureates.The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths.Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised,died a year too soon to join his collaborators on st year,many economists hoped that ZviGriliches,a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize,and was suffering from a long illness,would win.He didnot, and died soon afterwards.Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson,one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker,who was a friend of Griliches,want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession.Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians;advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect,a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker.Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head,and you saw it,then you got the prize.But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics,you didn't get it."31.From the first paragraph,we learned that.[A]the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B]Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C]Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32.We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during1990s,.[A]Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D]Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33.According to the text,the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is.[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C]hostile.[DJ indifferent.34.From the third paragraph,we learn that.[A]Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B]the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C]younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D]Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35.In the last paragraph of the text,Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is.[A]critical.[B]approving.[C]angry.[D]ironic.Text4In America alone,tipping is now a$16billion-a-year industry-all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity.Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service,Tips,which are voluntary,above and beyond a service's contracted cost,and delivered afterwards,should not exist.So why do they?The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality.The better the service,the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from2,547groups dining at20different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak:only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.Customers who rated a meal as"excellent"still tipped anywhere between8%and 37%of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics.In America,the custom hasbecome institutionalised:it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service.In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least15%could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get15-20%,the man who delivers your groceries$2.In Europe,tipping is lesscommon;in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries,tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences?Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn,the Cornell paper'sco-author,countries in which people are moreextrovert,sociable orneurotic tend to tip more.Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers:And,says'Mr Lynn,"in America,where people are outgoing and expressive,tippingis about social approval.If you tip badly,people think less of you.Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders,by contrast,do not usually tip-a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses,no doubt.While such explanations may be crude,the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork.It does not benefit the customer.Nor,in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter,or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff.The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should"just be paid a decent wage"may actually makeeconomic sense.36.From the text we learn that Americans.[A]are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B]like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C]are reluctant to give tips,but they still do so.[D]are giving less and less tips.37.According to Paragraph3,we learn that.[A]tips are voluntary in America.[B]people don't tip in Europe.[C]tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D]tipping is now popular in Iceland.38.According to Michael Lynn,.[A]nervous people do not usually tip.[B]A merican people are anxious.[C]Icelanders don't like to show off.[D]people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39.The text indicates that in America.[A]customers tip8%to37%of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B]a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip15%.[C]the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D]the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get15-20%.40.According to the text,the author believes that in America.[A]the better the service,the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C]tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D]tips cannot prompt better service.Part B(20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).(41)There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World.showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world,children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty-of the spirit.For instance,one Western country alone now sees14,000attempted suicides every year by children under15,and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World.Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West,the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children.(42)But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to do abstract work in offices,shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appear in banks.Instead.the child sees mother an(t father,relations and neighbours working nearby,and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work:helping to dig or build,plant or water,tend to animals or look after babies-rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten,building with construction toys,keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43)These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts.Set days and times are few and self-explanatory,determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring.(44)A child in the rich world,on the other hand.is provided with a wrist-watch as one of the earliest symbols of~owing up.so that he or she can worry,along with their parents about being late for school times,meal times clinic times,bed times,the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors,still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas,dangerous roads,'keep off the grass'signs and'don't speak tostrangers',there is often a sense of freedom to play.(45)Parents can see theirchildren outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up.And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease.But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing(30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students.What do you think good studentsare like?Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion.Provideone or two examples where necessary.You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument.You shouM write240-280words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).[供报考学科教学（英语）专业考生使用][A卷]答案：e of English（10%）01.B02.D03.A04.C05.A06.C07.D08.C09.A 10.D11.B12.B13.C14.D15.A16.B17.A18.C19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.A28.C29.C 30.B31.B32.B33.A34.A35.A36.C37.C38.C39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。
《实用听力》3浙大考博英语
Test OneSection ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.c1. A. He’s worried. B. It’s getting late.C. He heard a noise outside.D. He can’t see out of the window.d a2. A. Soon B. In 20 minutes. C. They don’t care. D. They don’t know.d3. A. Here. B. A pass.C. An official.D.A letter of introduction.c4. A. Home. B. To town. C. To his friends. D. To a restaurant.d5. A. She uses coffee. B. She hates coffee.C. She never liked coffee.D. She liked coffee before.d6. A. The pay isn’t important. B. They don’t need the money.C. He wants to save the money.D. He doesn’t like waiting in line for his pay.c d7. A. He wants to go to sleep. B. Doctors always tell him lies.C. He doesn’t believe in medicine.D. He needs a rest without being bothered.a8. A. He eats too much. B. He kills chickens.C. He only eats chickens.D. He married a greedy person.b9. A. Buying trees. B. Who owns the tree.C. Their family trees.D. How old the tree is.c10.A. A stranger. B. A ticket seller. C. A train attendant. D. Another passenger.Section BDirections: In this section of the test you will hear three brief talks. You will hear them only once.After each one you will hear some questions. You will hear each question only once. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.11. A. Be a doctor. B. Join the army. C. Not join the army. D. Improve his reading.12. A. A lady. B. The doctor. C. His mother. D. His neighbour.13. A. He pretended he couldn’t see. B. He answered his questions wrong.C. He pretended to get on the wrong bus.D. He pretended not to know where to go.14. A. A seller. B. A driver. C. A thief .D. A policeman.15. A. He was beaten by a robber. B. He was robbed at gunpoint.C. A customer of his was robbed.D. His truck was stolen by a thief.16. A. His truck was turned over. B. He was questioned by police.C. He was attacked by another robber.D. His witnesses hurried to his aid.17. A. Because she’d had a bad fall. B. Because she’d been born that way.C. Because she’d had a car accident.D. Because she’d had a very high fever.18. A. She was quiet and shy. B. She was uncontrollable.C. She was weak from illness.D. She was bright and friendly.19. A. Her husband. B. Her parents. C. Her teacher. D. Her brother.20. A. As a political leader. B. As famous scientist.C. As an example to others.D. As an extraordinary doctor.Section CThere are four parts in this section—Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D. You will take the test part by part. Each part has its own directions. Remember t hat while you are doing your test, you should first put down your answers in you r test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to AnswerSheet 1.Part ADirections: Fill in the following blanks, using no more than three words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. Now you have 25 seconds to read the table below.When he opened the door, Mr. Herbert suddenly saw _____1The three enormous men wore _____2At that dangerous moment, Mr. Herbert felt _____3The next day when he went back, he found a _____4He kept it in his pocket as a _____5Part BDirections: Answer questions 6-10 while listening. Use no more than five words for each answer.You will hear the recording twice. Now you have 40 seconds to read the questions.Who won the football match the night in an exhibition game? _____6How did the eight previous games end in? _____7How many people watched the exhibition game? _____8When was the Italian's second goal scored? _____9How many times has the captain Bobby Moore played for England? _____10Part CDirections: Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. Choose the correct answer from the four choices given. Now you have 30 seconds to read the questions.11.What factors make Hollywood ideal for film making?A. Its excellent studios.B. Its “happy ending” films.C. Its diverse natural conditions.D. Its rapid changes in the film industry.12.Why did film makers bring more violence on the screen?A. More profits were made.B. They became more violent.C. Audience rejected “happy ending” films.D. It fitted in with modern people's lifestyles.13.What does “PG” in “PG13” stand for?A. Paying guests.B. Public in general.C. Parental guidance.D. Parents and grandparents.Part DDirections: Questions 14-18 are based on the following talk. Use the information in the right column to match with that in the left column. Now you have 30 seconds to read the related information.14.President Roosevelt A. allergic to cats15. President Johnson B. his dog became the most common breed in thecountry16. President Nixon C. once being suspected of mistreating animals17. President Bush D. had a Scotch Terrier named “Falla”18. President Clinton E. his wife wrote a book about their dogTest TwoSection ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. A.Because he is lazy. B. Because he has to work.C. Because he hasn’t got time.D. Because he doesn’t like women.2. A. In bed. B. At work. C. In the kitchen. D. In the bathroom.3. A. Dancing. B. Carrying something.C. Jumping up and down.D. Running up the stairs.4. A. Sorry. B. Happy. C. Angry. D. Surprised.5. A. There are no taxis. B. The taxi is out of order.C. The telephone doesn’t work.D. The man is afraid to call for a taxi.6. A. Her pass was no good. B. The guard wouldn’t let her.C. The guard wouldn’t give her a pass.D. She was too fat to go through the gate.7. A. There is no money. B. There is enough money.C. Money is not important.D. There might not be enough money.8. A. Because he is a fool. B. Because he is dangerous.C. Because he seems to be an expert.D. Because he knows what he’s doing.9. A. Because they are tired. B. Because they need a rest.C. Because the box is too heavy.D. Because they hear footsteps coming down.10.A. He’s feeling sick. B. He’s feeling fine.C. He’s feeling lonely.D. He’s feeling very tired.Section BDirections: In this section of the test you will hear three brief talks. You will hear them only once.After each one you will hear some questions. You will hear each question only once. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.11. A. Home. B. To the park. C. To a restaurant. D. To another movie.12. A. Pearls. B. The moon. C. Bright stars. D. A golden waterfall.13. A. Joe. B. Joe’s mother. C. Joe’s friend. D. Joe’s girlfriend.14. A. In Illinois. B. On railroad tracks.C. In a passenger train.D. In a club near the town.15. A. Clark’s sister. B. A young man. C. A little girl. D. A truck driver.16. A. Looking at girls. B. Eating a sandwich.C. Making a phone call.D. Walking on therailroad tracks.17. A. Weather balloons. B. Children’s play balloons.C. Balloons used for sport.D. Balloons used for safety patrols.18. A. Only in the morning. B. During the early afternoon.C. In the early afternoon or late at night.D. In the early morning or the late afternoon.19. A. Three Americans. B. A single American.C. Several FrenchmenD. An American and a Frenchman.20. A. One day. B. Six days. C. Three days. D. Eleven days. Section CThere are four parts in this section—Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D. You will take the test part by part. Each part has its own directions. Remember t hat while you are doing your test, you should first put down your answers in you r test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet 1.Part ADirections: Fill in the following blanks, using no more than three words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. Now you have 25 seconds to read the table below.Weather in New York state: _____1Weather in Michigan state: _____2Weather in the northern Plains: _____3Weather in Washington: _____4Temperature in Texas state: _____5Part BDirections: Answer questions 6-10 while listening. Use no more than five words for each answer.You will hear the recording twice. Now you have 40 seconds to read the questions.How many square miles does the fault which has been found cover? _____6What does the fault system mean to Los Angeles? _____7What three factors decide the amount of damage that a quake can do? _____8How many dollars of damage did the 1987 earthquake do? _____9How often would a quake that involved all three segments occur? _____10Part CDirections: Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk. Choose the correct answer from the four choices given. Now you have 30 seconds to re ad the questions.11.How many American households own two or more cars?A. 5%.B. 65%.C. 80%.D. 95%.12.What is one of the uses of a reliable car?A. For joining the “Triple A”.B. For providing help in emergencies.C. For making trips in town.D. For commuting to work.13.What kind of help can not an auto club provide for its members?A. Insurance.B. Gasoline.C. Car repairs.D. Road maps.Part DDirections: Questions 14-17 are based on the following interview. Choose the correct answer from the four choices given. Now you have 30 seconds to read questions.14.According to Theroux, what should one see in his grand tour today?A. The present and the future.B. The past cultures and traditions.C. Cathedrals and castles.D. A better place than their home.15.What is not mentioned as a necessary quality to be a good traveler?A. Curiosity.B. Cooperation among themselves.C. Courage.D. Tolerance of solitude.16.What is the explorer trying to do?A. To be the first to see something, not the last.B. To find an idealized version of home.C. To find places that no one has ever been to.D. To walk with all the animals in the Amazon.17. Which of the following can we infer from the talk?A.A good traveler has to be willing to go to strange and unusual places.B. People should travel in groups to enjoy their journey better.C. Explorers look for places that will give them ideas of ancient civilization.D. Vacationers know the true meaning of travel.Test ThreeSection ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. A. In a grocery. B. In a drugstore.C. In a doctor’s office.D. In a department store.2. A. ＄240. B. ＄200. C. ＄300. D. ＄120.3. A. One. B. Two. C. Three D. None.4. A. Home. B. At work C. At the store. D. In the hospital.5. A. He wants the woman to fix his watch.B. He will call her when the watch is fixed.C. He wants her to fix the watch within a week.D. He will need more than a week’s time to fix the watch.6. A. The wind has stopped, but it’s still raining.B. The wind is blowing, but the rain has stopped.C. It’s still raining, and the wind is blowing.D. Both the rain and the wind have stopped for some time.7. A. ＄114. B. ＄104. C. ＄40. D. ＄140.8. A. At 8:15. B. At 10:18. C. At 8:00. D. At 8:30.9. A. Home. B. To Dover.C. To London.D. To see the railway station.10. A. Jim’s position. B. Jim’s future career.C. The woman speaker’s health.D. The harmful gossip about him.Section BDirections: In this section of the test you will hear three brief talks. You will hear them only once.After each one you will hear some questions. You will hear each question only once. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.11. A. Because Mr. Grey wanted to sell them.B. Because Mr. Grey became a biology professor.C. Because the Greys were moving to a new home.D. Because these men were moving to a new home.12. A. A van. B. Furniture.C. A large wooden box.D. The Grey’s possessions.13. A. He did nothing. B. He nearly dropped the box.C. He treated the box very gently.D. He nearly threw it into the van.14. A. The trainer set them free. B. An accident broke open their cage.C. An old lady freed them by mistake.D. Their keeper forgot to lock the cage.15. A. To a nearby grassland. B. To the trainer’s house.C. To a nearby private zoo.D. To an elderly lady’s house.16. A. Because she is fearless. B. Because she likes lions.C. Because she thought the lion was a big dog.D. Because the trainertold her not to be afraid.17. A. It killed the old lady. B. It returned to its cage.C. It fell asleep on the bedroom rug.D. It left for the grassland and slept there.18. A. Lloyd. B. Jack. C. John. D. A movie star.19. A. It got a lot of rain. B. It was filmed in the mountains.C. The rivers and streams were beautiful.D. It was flat and not beautiful at all.20. A. When he saw the picture post card shots.B. When he saw the farmer working in his field.C. When the dust storm destroyed the farmer’s crop.D. When he saw all his wheat killed for lack of rain.Section CThere are four parts in this section—Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D. Y ou will take the test part by part. Each part has its own directions. Remember t hat while you are doing your test, you should first put down your answers in you r test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet 1.Part ADirections: Fill in the following blanks, using no more than three words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. Now you have 25 seconds to read the table below.A few months ago some friends invited me to join them _____1One boy was bitten on the leg by a rattlesnake while _____2The leg stayed lower than the heart so thatthe poison would travel as _____3The father used the knife to make _____4Having been given an injection, the boy was kept in _____5Part BDirections: Answer question 6-10 while listening. Use no more than five words for each answer.You will hear the recording twice. Now you have 40 seconds to read the questions.When did the two boats sink off the coast of Florida? _____6Who first came to the rescue around 2 a.m. EST? _____7What might have caused the sinking of the first boat? _____8How many people were still missing late Saturday? _____9What did the whole incident involve? _____10Part CDirections: Questions 11-13 are based on the following report. Choose the correct answer from the four choices given. Now you have 30 seconds to read the questions.11. What did President Clinton propose to preserve?A. Civil War battlefields.B. Wildlife refuges.C. National parks.D. All precious lands.12. How much money would be allocated for land conservation every year?A. $1.25 billion.B. $1 billion.C. $900 million.D. $500 million.13.What happened to the fund raised for land conservation?A. It is often used for other purposes.B. It increases by 125 percent every year.C. It comes from local taxes.D. It has been reduced in the past few years. Part DDirections: Questions 14-16 are based on the following report. Choose the correct answer from the four choices given. Now you have 30 seconds to read the questions.14. On a high-fat diet, what happened to the experimental mice with one or no copies of the gene?A. They rapidly developed diabetes.B. They rapidly gained weight just like other normal mice.C. They didn't gain weight or get the sign of diabetes.D. They couldn't eat and died of slow starvation.15. What is the characteristics of type Ⅱdiabetes?A. Insulin-resistant.B. High-fat diet.C. Insulin-sensitive.D. Weight gains.16. How many people die in the world every year from the complications ca used by diabetes?A. 28 million.B. 10 million.C. 130 million.D. 2.8 million.Test FourSection ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. A. In London. B. In the country.C. In a mountain village.D. Somewhere in the capital.2. A. Because he is busy at the moment.B. Because he is afraid of the woman.C. Because he is a foreigner himself.D. Because he is confused by the woman’s question.3. A. Because the rug is blue. B. Because the light is blue.C. Because the light is green.D. Because the light is yellow.4. A.＄39.95. B.＄45. C.＄39. D.＄95.5. A. To keep a cat as a pet.B. To buy a picture of the pet cat.C. To hunt animals and sell them for a camera.D. To take pictures of animals instead of killing them.6. A. Spelling words. B. Reading aloud.C. Practising dictation.D. Improving her pronunciation.7. A. She cannot read. B. Nobody can tell. C. She has no watch .D. She is too sorry.8. A. The dog is friendly. B. They fight sometimes.C. They ignore each other.D. The cat is hard to get along with.9. A. No, not at all. B. Yes, with her mother.C. Yes, if she goes home early.D. Only if she goes out with the man.10.A.He spent the money. B. He lost his wallet.C. Somebody took his wallet.D. Somebody borrowed his wallet.Section BDirections:In this section of the test you will hear three brief talks. You will hear them only once.After each one you will hear some questions. You will hear each question only once. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.11.A. Women. B. Men’s clothing.C. Women’s clothing.D. Old dress requirements at restaurants.12.A. Wear skirts. B. Be more formal.C. Be more informal.D. Be more interested in restaurants.13.A. Nimi. B. San Francisco.C. The Pacific Ocean.D. Along the U.S.coast.14.A. The earthquake was serious.B. New earthquakes are not expected.C. An island was destroyed by the earthquake.D. Injuries and damage have not been reported yet.15.A. They will be of high intensity. B. They will occur along the coast.C. They will be of unknown intensity.D. They are predicted 100 miles away.16.A. Limited. B. Declined. C. Exhausted. D. Unlimited.17.A. Because they are important food supplies.B. Because the noted biologist insisted on it.C. Because fish are fewer than Indian tigers.D. Because the great fisheries are already exhausted.18.A. Resources of land. B. Resources of the air.C. Resources of the sea.D. Important species for conservation.19.A. They can last forever.B. They are threats to tigers and eagles.A.A.The fish supply has no effects on people.D. The threats to fish may be even more alarming.20.A. The sea resources were unlimited.B. The threats to birds are alarming.C. The problems of sea resources can not be ignored.D. Fishes, tigers and eagles can all be part of people’s diet.Section CThere are four parts in this section—Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D. You will take the test part by part. Each part has its own directions. Remember t hat while you are doing your test, you should first put down your answers in you r test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet 1.Part ADirections: Fill in the following blanks, using no more than three words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. Now you have 25 seconds to read the table below.The Shanghai Post and Telecommunications Administration andthe Shanghai Information Investment Co., Ltd. and the US AT&T (China)recently signed _____1They agreed to set up an IP Service Network, including _____2The agreement was reached with the Government's approvalafter the two sides' long-term _____3In order to offer first-rate services to customers,they will introduce advanced _____4The implementation plan for the trial cooperativeproject will win approval from _____5Part BDirections: Answer questions 6-10 while listening. Use no more than five words for each answer.You will hear the recording twice. Now you have 40 seconds to read the questions.What was Antonio? _____6What did the house he bought look like from outside? _____7How did he feel when he saw a womanbehind him in the mirror one morning? _____8What did he decide to do one evening when he came home? _____9What happened after his letter disappeared? _____10Part CDirections: Questions 11-14 are based on the following news. Choose the correct answer from the four choices given. Now you have 30 seconds to read the questions.11.How did Lemak murder her three children?A. Cut them into pieces.B. Made them eat a lot of sleeping pills.C. Suffocated them by her own hands.D. Dragged them into the furnace.12.Who reported the deaths?A. David Lemak.B. Marilyn Lemak.C. Birkett.D. Nicholas.13.Which of the following statement is not true according to the talk?A. Lemak had been into jail before.B. Lemak was in the process of divorcing.C. Lemak injured herself deliberately and was in the hospital.D. Lemak might be sentenced to the death penalty.14.Which of the following is true about the children's father?A. He divorced his wife years ago.B. He was too sad to cooperate in the investigation.C. He helped his wife murder their three children.D. He was a doctor working in the emergency room.Part DDirections: Questions 15-17 are based on the following conversation. Choose the correct answer from the four choices given. Now you have 30 seconds to read the questions.15. What does the policeman think of his job?A. Not dangerous if he knows how to handle it appropriately.B. Not dangerous if he carries weapons.C. Dangerous because of more crimes and bigger fights.D. Dangerous because of drunken people.16. What will he first do if he sees a fight?A. He intervenes and then fight with them.B. He radios immediately for assistance.C. He sizes up what is happening.D. He takes out the truncheon to warn them.17. What is his opinion about carrying guns?A. Good. It is the best way to override criminals.B. Good. Because he was once shot, so he should carry a gun to protect himself.C. Not good. It's too heavy and pulls down his trousers.D. Not good. It may result in more violence.Test FiveSection ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. You will hear the question only once. When you have heard the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. A. In a bank. B. In a restaurant. C. In the man’s house.D. In a departmentstore.2. A. 8:00. B. 8:15. C. 8:30. D. 8:45.3. A. The woman. B. The door keeper. C. It’s on the desk. D. Mr. Richardson.4. A.＄50. B.＄30. C.＄35. D.＄53.5. A. She enjoys the singing. B. The singer sang beautifully.C. The singer tried her best.D. The singer lacks practice.6. A. The car. B. The man. C. The road. D. The tree.7. A. Who should drive the car. B. Who called the taxi first.C. Who was driving in front of the other.D. Who was standing in front of the other.8. A.He likes honest work. B. He wishes for good pay.C. He needs a better office.D. He wants to change his way of life.9. A. Seven. B. Six. C. Five. D. One.10.A. How the house is to be decorated. B. How the kitchen is to be fixed up.C. When the painters will be finished.D. When the house will be ready to move into. Section BDirections: In this section of the test you will hear three brief talks. You will hear them only once.After each one you will hear some questions. You will hear each question only once. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to choose the best answer from the four choices given. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.11.A. They have to wait for a long time to be served.B. They often have to take dull, tasteless meals.C. They can’t find an adequate meal at a reasonable price.D. They are dissatisfied with the nourishment of the food.12.A. In a business-like atmosphere. B. Leisurely, in pleasant surroundings.C. Hastily in a medium-priced restaurant.D. In the most expensive restaurant inEngland.13.A. They are among the best in the world.B. They can’t compare with the best in any country.C. They usually prepare food in large quantities.D. They offer food similar to that of popular restaurant.14.A. Cheap. B. Expensive. C. Most expensive. D. Less expensive.15.A. Because he wanted to see the judge.B. Because he wanted to shock his lawyer.C. Because he wanted to send the judge a present.D. Because he wanted to make friends with the judge.16.A. One week later. B. A few days later. C. Several weeks later. D. Several monthslater.17.A. He sent his lawyer a present.B. He sent his opponent a present.C. He sent a birthday card with the wine.D. He sent the judge good wine in his opponent’s name.18.A. He was searching for a letter.B. He was holding a letter to read it.C. He was looking for a place to hide the letter.D. He was throwing something onto a pile of junk.19.A. Open up the door. B. Open up the letter.C. Go back to his desk.D. Look around the room.20.A. A dead silence fell upon the room.B. The man found the letter in a pile of letters.C. The man walked to the door and returned home.D. Some people with guns entered the room quickly.Section CThere are four parts in this section—Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D. Y ou will take the test part by part. Each part has its own directions. Remember t hat while you are doing your test, you should first put down your answers in you r test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet 1.Part ADirections: Fill in the following blanks, using no more than three words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. Now you have 25 seconds to read the table below.。
2020年浙江大学考博英语真题及答案
2020年浙江大学考博英语真题及答案SectionⅠ listening comprehension (20 marks,1 mark each )Part ADirections: You will hear a passage about Disneyland’s Opening Day in 1915. Listen and complete the sentence in questions 1-5 with the information you’ve heard. Write not more than 3 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.Part BDirections: You will hear a passage about Harvard Extension School. Answer the questions 6-10 while you listen. Use not more than 5 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the question.Part CDirections: Questions 11-13 are based on the followingpassage about John Grisham. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for question11-13.Directions: Questions 14-16 are based on the following passage about Changes When Becoming Grandparents. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for question14-16.Directions: Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage about Ecotourism. You now have 15 seconds to read choices for question17-20.Section Ⅱ Vocabulary (15 marks,1 mark each ) Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰ with a single line through the centre.21. “Like most foreigner, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I ＿has answered those questions with patience and honesty.A. come acrossB. come byC. come overD. come into22. Among picture books for 4-8 years olds, severaloutstanding works appeared that combined original stories with＿ illustrations.A. imaginableB. imaginativeC. imagingD. imageless23. As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appearsto depend on seeming＿: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.A. interruptionB. descriptionC. qualificationD. contradiction24.The party leader justified his subsequentre-election＿that he had brought political stabilityand economic development to his country.A. in the wayB. by no meansC. on the groundsD. to the extent25.A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English＿young audiences who are confused by jokes which are 400 yearsout of date.A. in memory ofB. at the cost ofC. on behalf ofD. for the benefit of26.The objective of this popular consultation is todetermine,＿, the final political status of the region, whether to remain of the country as a special district, or to part from it.A. once upon a timeB. once and againC.all at once D. once and fall all27. The＿choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the available ones that will enable himor her to maximize utility.A. optimalB. optionalC. opticalD. optimistic28. The Adult Vocational College is an opportunity to gain the right qualifications for various careers, forit offers an＿ range of subjects and courses.A. additionalB. excessiveC. adequateD. extensive29.It’s disturbing to note how many of crimes we do know about were detected＿, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.A. by accidentB. on scheduleC. in generalD. at intervals30. In calculating the daily calories requirements foran individual, variations in body size, physicalactivity and age should be＿.A. brought into practiceB. taken into accountC. thrown light onD. look down upon31. The more a nation’s companies＿factories abroad,the smaller that country’s recorded exports will be.A. lieB. locateC. spotD. stand32.The defence lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the＿of the murder committed last month.A. witnessB. audiencesC. viewersD. observers33. The belief that the universe is improving and that good will＿triumph over evil prevails.A. ultimatelyB. conclusivelyC. feasiblyD. terminally34. It was difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it＿as we had hoped.A. came offB. went offC. brought outD. made out35. The local people were joyfully surprise to find the prices of vegetables no longer＿according to theweather.A. evaluatedB. convertedC. fluctuatedD. modifiedSectionⅢ Cloze Test (20 marks, 1 mark each) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONEthat best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰ with a singleline through the centre.SectionⅣ Reading Comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠ with a single line through the centre.Passage 1At all ages and at all stages of life,At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. "We are largely the playthings of our fears," wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. "To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to afourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness--for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place." Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline (肾上激素) are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight (逃离). Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem.Phil's dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because "the car might break down." Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.56. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, "our particular creature" refers to ______.A. fear of somethingB. a fierce beastC. physical painD. public ridicule57. Fear can be a useful emotion to us because itcan______.A. stimulate many physical changes within our body.B. quicken our heartbeat and response.C. pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstreamD. help us respond quickly to danger and protect ourselves58. Fear becomes a problem only when______.A. the danger is thought greater than itreally isB. the danger is more psychological than physicalC. one cannot stand the dangerD. one is not well prepared for it59. Different responses of newborn infants toa loudly slammed door imply that ______.A. some people are inherently more easily affected by dangerB. people’s response to stimuli is not an inherited f eatureC. some people seem to be very sensitiveto noiseD. people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise60. Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely by our ______.A. home educationB. school educationC. parents’lifestyleD. early experiencesPassage 2Both civilization and culture are fairly m odern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists, hist orians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendeny to use them interchangeabl y as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same. Although modern in t heir usage, the two words derived from ancie nt Latin. The word civilizationis basedon the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings.From this definition it would seem that ce rtain insects, such as ants or bees, are al so civilized.They live and work together in social groups . So do some microorganisms. But there is m ore to civilization, and that is what cultur e brings to it. So, civilization is insepara ble form culture. The word culture is derive d from the Latin verb colere, “to till the soil”. But colere also has a wilder range of starting and promoting growth and develo pment. One may cultivate a garden: one may also cultivate one’s interests, mind, and abilities. In its mod ern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanit y that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings. One of the b asic and best-known features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved a nd enlarged upon, a result for creativity. I t took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest,most advanced model of automobile. It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improve s that differentiates them from other animals . A monkey may use a stick to knock a ban ana from a tree,but that stick will never, through a monkey’s cleverness, be modified into a hook or a ladder.Monkeys have never devised a spoken languag e, written a book, composed a melody, builta house, or painted a portrait. To say th at birds build nests and beavers their densis to miss the point. People once lived i n caves, but their cleverness, imagination an d creativity led them to progress beyond cav es to buildings.61. What does the author think of the words“civilization”and “culture”?A. They are identicalB. They are different concepts.C. They can often be used interchangeably.D. They are denied different by different pe ople62. According to the author the word “civil ization” originally refers to ______.A. people’s way of life in citiesB. people’s ability to live together in citiesC. a type of social organizationsD. an advanced level of social life63. The Latin verb colere originally means“______”.A. live in a cityB. develop oneselfC. promote growthD. cultivate the land64. The author believes that creativity _______.A. is a unique feature of civilized beingsB. brings forth the improvement of toolsC. is the result of human developmentD. helps the advance of culture65. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that _______.A. monkeys are the same as birdsB. people once lived in caves like monke ysC. monkeys can never develop into human beingsD. man is different fromother animals such as monkeysPassage 3Job-related illnesses are growing in freque ncy. In 1985, there were 390,000 cases of i llnesses that were job related, including lun g and bladder(膀胱) cancers, skin ailments, emphysema(肺肿), and heart disease. There were also 100,000 deaths. Many of these illnesses and deat hs are attributable to chemically hazardous s ubstances.An obvious approach to reducing occupationa l illnesses is to rid the workplace of the chemical agents or toxins that are the sou rce of many of the problems. However, someti mes that is not financially feasible or tech nicallypossible. An alternative approachis to capitalize on the fact that not all individu als are equally susceptible to health hazards in the workplace. For example, until the e arly 1970s when strict safety standards were introduced, allworkers in shipbuilding plants were exposed to excessively high levels of asbestos(石棉) dust, yet only some have, or will devel op, respiratory problems such as asbestosis, lung cancer, and emphysema. Researchers have begun only a certain portion to attack the puzzling problem of work groups that are “h yper susceptible”to particular chemical agents or toxins. One approach is to use geneti c information as a means of differentiating between those who will and will not have ad verse reactions to the toxin. At present, th ere are several known genetic markers that s ignal an individual’s predisposition to developing health problems in the presence of certain working conditio ns. For example, people with a pair of gene s deficient in an enzyme called G-6-PD are more likely than others to experience a brea kdown of red blood cells and consequent anem ia(贫血) when they work with chemicals contained in TNT, or types of antimalarial drugs(抗疟药). Recent researchalso suggests hat presence of a defective ge ne on the eleventh chromosome(染色体) reduces thebody’s ability to remove excess cholesterol(胆固醇) deposits from artery walls(动脉壁), thuspredisposing carries of the gene to coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease. Presumably, individuals with this genetic anomaly(异常) would be more likely to have heart problems when stressful job si tuations are encountered thanthose without it. Accordingly, genetic screeni ng is based on the premise that individuals have different genetic markers and some of these differences can be used to predict p redisposition to occupational diseases. Thereis some evidence that certain companies have used the genetic screening to control the incidence of job-related illnesses.Some of the companies also had taken acti on as a result of the tests, including warn ing employees about potential health problems, transferring employees, suggesting that emplo yees seek otherjobs, using the data for replacement purposes , or changing the production process.66. The author states in the passage that chemically dangerous substances in the workplac e _____. A. have nothing to do with occup ational illnessesB. are responsible for many occupational il lnessesC. play a minor role in bringing about su ch occupational diseases as lung cancer and emphysemaD. usually give rise to skin ailments67. The author gives an example of workers in shipbuilding plants _______.A. to show that workers are usually subje ct to bad working conditionsB. to prove there were no safety standard s before 1970C. to warn workers against respiratory pro blemsD. to show that not allworkers exposed to chemically dangerous substa nces are liable to occupational illnesses68. How many occupational diseases are listed in this passage?A. SixB. SevenC. EightD. Nine69. According to the passage, when a person has a defective gene on the eleventh chrom osome, he or she is in the riskof developing _____.A. coronary artery diseaseB. pulmonary diseaseC. respiratory diseaseD. bladder cancer70. This passage is mainly about _____.A. how to reduce job-related diseaseB. the incidence of job-related diseasesC. genetic testing and the preventionof job-related diseasesD. the functions of genetic markersPassage 4The work that women do has always been f undamental to the global economy. But theircontribution hasn’t registered with traditional economic institu tions because so much of it hasbeen nonmonetary. In fact, one common economi c term for nonmonetary work is inactivity. I t’s that attitude that has made women’s work invisible. No wonder the battle cry of the women’s was equality. By moving into the world of paid work, in rich countries at least, wom en have indeedupped their visibility. But I doubt that you could make a very conclusive case that they have become equal to men. The United Nations estimated in 1993 that ec onomic equality between the sexes would take, at the pace then prevailing, 1000 years to achieve.The media love female high fliers, the handf ul of company directors and CEOs who are tr ottedout time and again as evidence of thegains women have made. But they are not truly representative of the average working woman, sad dled with a double burden as she tries to balance her job with life as a mother and homemaker. This balancing act is a formula f or unfulfillment. It would havebeen farmore equitable for women in the long run if it was the nonmonetary work that h ad been shared out --- if, for example, men spent more than afraction of the time with their childrenthattheir wives do. Andbelieve that, in practice, most women would prefer simple fairness to economic equality. As my friend Hazel Henderson says, our kids didn’t want to see us turn into the best bloody men. Still, it’sery much a trend to focus on the global e conomic impact of women, particularlyas it’s felt in the small-scale initiatives that w omen have established around the world. Deali ng directly with economically marginalized com munities and cooperatives around the globe, I’ve seen howwomen hold a society together. Ec onomic opportunity means much more to them t han money. It also fosters the fundamentals of self-esteem: education, health care, cultur al continuity and the chance to protect the past while shaping a future.A sense of community is one of the so-calle d “feminine”values that ethical business t hinkers put forward in their quest for new paradigms. These values reflectintimatepersonal and cultural attributes that are in many w ays the reverse of the global-market syndrome , which is all about distance, impersonality and the movement of capitalregardless of hu man consequence. You don’t have to wonder what would happen if we c ould feminize economic activity and economic relations. There is already plenty of evidenc e in the work of some pioneering female thi nkers whose concern about the society their childrenwill inherit promises to fundamentallychange global economics. In fact most of t he financial sector’s innovative thinking on socially responsive investing has come from women.Why am I not surprised? Globalization is a mug’s game being played in a Man’s world. I can imagine a day when compassio n counts as much as cash flow. After all, the challenges that confront thebusiness world already demand a holistic perspective. And who is going to be best equipped to face t hat future?71. According to the writer, most women ____ ___.A. want to demonstrate how responsible they arein doing businessB. are ignorant of the global economyC. just seek simple fairness rather than q ualityD. are fed up with their husbands’spending less time their children72.The expression “saddled with”in Line10 of Paragraph 2 means _______.A. let downB. put upwithC. played upD. burdened with73. The fifth paragraph suggests that in economic activity and economic relations, wome n ______A. are much more compassionate tha n menB. are less qualified than menC. can make a lot of intimate friendsD. attach much importance to economic con sequences74. By saying “Globalization is a mug’s game being played in a man’s world”, the writer means _______.A. it is men who can really have the ec onomic globalization materializedB. men are unlikely to succeed in economi c globalizationC. men do not take economic globalization seriouslyD. it is a piece of cake for men to gl obalize the world economy75. The writer implies inthe last paragraph that the persons whoare going to be best equipped in world economy are _______.A. university studentsB. futuristsC. menD. womenSection Ⅴ Translation (25marks)Directions: Translate the following into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.76.一直以来，哈佛大学要求在校本科生除了自己的主修专业课程之外，还要修习一系列课程，以确保他们受到的本科教育涵盖了宽泛的研究课题和研究方法。
2005年浙江大学考博英语词汇题
2005年浙江大学考博英语词汇题1.If wool is submerged in hot water,it tend to ________.A.snapB.shrinkC.fadeD.condense2.His last play was ________by the critics as a masterpiece.A.claimedB.proclaimedC.exclaimedD.acclaimed3.It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms ________to the architects in every way.A.regulationsB.specialitiesC.essentialsD.specifications4.Your letter has been ________to the authority concerned.A.transitedB.transferredC.transportedD.transmitted5.Among her many ________are loyalty,courage and truthfulnessA.virtuesB.moralsC.charactersD.graces6The soldiers ________their arms as they marched.A.swayedB.swungC.swervedD.swelled7.The co untry’s constitution________the ideals of equality andfreedom.A.embodies B.symbolizes C.marksD.represents8.It was ________whether the patient will survive the operation.A.vagueB.suspiciousC.ambiguousD.doubtful9.The brochure ________us into thinking that our hotel was only five minutes fromthe beach.A.trappedB.frightenedC.engagedD.misled10.“I’mfar too busy to talk to you now,”he said,in his usual________manner.A.rigid B.steep C.abruptD.stern11.He’s rich and keeps ________about how much money he’s got to impress people.A.exaggeratingB.boastingC.admiringD.inspiring12.She was ________enough to realize right from the start that he was lying.A.initiative B.pervasive C.imaginativeD.perceptive13.The two countries ________their peace efforts after a break of two and a half years.A.rebukedB.renewedC.reviewedD.reclaimed14.People always greet each other warmly,________their different origins and beliefs.A.in regard toB.in contrast withC.with respect toD.regardless of15.The express train from London ________on time.A.pulled upB.pulled overC.pulled inD.pulled through【参考答案】01—05BDDBA 06—10BADDC 11—15BDBDC。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编60(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编60(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．______is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.A．CompeteB．CompetitionC．CompetitiveD．Competence正确答案：B解析：competition n.竞争；比赛。
2．Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most______ areas in Japanese life.A．sophisticatedB．competitiveC．considerateD．superficial正确答案：B解析：competitive a.竞赛的，竞争的；(人)好竞争的；(价格)有竞争力的(如：competitive games；Important posts are filled by competitive examinations．Our firm offers you competitive prices．He is a competitive young man and has competitive spirit．)。
sophisticated a.(人)老练的，富有经验的：(机器、武器等)精密的，尖端的。
considerate(of／to)a.考虑周到的，体贴人的。
superficial a.肤浅的，浅薄的：表面的。
3．Unless my room is warmer tonight, I’m going to______ to the hotel manager.A．complainB．argueC．blameD．reason正确答案：A解析：complain vi．抱怨(句型：complain to sb．of／about sth．；complain that…)。
【免费下载】浙大考博英语真题分类 VOCABULARY
Vocabulary2002年春1The chairman proposed at the meeting that we have someone with ___________ and imagination to design a marketing strategy.A.intuitionB.enterpriseC.undertakingD.innovation2The fish moved silently through the water, ____________ by short sweeps of its tail.A.urgedB.propagatedC.propelledD.operated3 A few workers have ___________ the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike.A.defiedB.destinedC.detainedD.deferred4Philosophy differs from science in that its questions cannot be answered _______ by observation or experiment.A.emotionallyB.deliberatelyC.empiricallyD.extremely5The music the Three Brothers played yesterday is described in the paper as an explosive _________ of Latin American and modern jazz rhythms.A.mixtureB.weldingC.consolidationD.fusion6Didn’t you find her enthusiasm for the project ____________? Almost everyone on the team is now doing their utmost to resolve the difficulty.A.contagiousB.operateC.effectualD.infections7Recently a large international conference was held with aim of promoting __________ development in all countries.A.retainableB.sustainableC.unpredictableD.unthinkable8 A government report indicates that since the early 1970s, the proportion of high schoolgraduates going to college has ____________ at 50%.A.confirmedB.enduredC.stabilizedD.retained9The delegates to the convention insist that steps be taken to stop the ___________ of the world’s tropical forests.A.depletionB.terminationC.perilD.shrinkage10Professor Taylor is a real expert on art, as I feel completely ________ whenever I talk to her about it.A.incapableB.inadequateC.out of mindD.in despair2003秋1Hoping that he might be able to ___________ the problem, I asked Mario to look at the engine.A.shed light onB.make light ofC.bring to lightD.set light to2His ___________ and unwillingness to learn from others prevent him from being an effective member of the team.A.arroganceB.dignityC.humilityD.solitude3The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980 thanks to a(n) _____________ in world rate.A.inflationB.stimulusC.bulgeD.boom4He decided he was going to take ____________ for the murder of his sister.A.refugeB.revengeC.rebellionD.riot5No one expected him to _____________ against his former employer.A.declareB.testifyC.certifyD.allege6Rachel was the ______________ choice for the job thanks to her communication skills.A.unanimousB.consistentC.harmoniousD.agreeable7The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form one ___________ account.A.sensitiveB.genuineC.expressiveD.coherent8You should have your eyes examined ___________ to be sure of your eyesight.A.periodicallyB.persistentlyC.continuouslyD.continually9You should treat those remarks with the ___________ that they deserve --- don’t give them a second thought.A.negligenceB.disgraceC.contemptD.sarcasm10The book is a vain attempt to _____________ the name of one of the worst dictators in modern history.A.worshipB.glorifyC.adoreD.cherish11The government is seeking to ___________ itself from the latest financial scandal.A.detachB.extractC.deriveD.erase12Heavy rainfall in the south of England means that flooding is __________-A.imminentB.momentousC.transientD.prospective13He _____________ his assistant to pick up the plans from the office.A.disposedB.dispensedC.dispatchedD.dispersed14I didn’t ignore her ___________ --- just didn’t recognize her.A.attentivelyB.intensivelyC.intentionallyD.intensely15You will only be allowed to leave early in ___________ circumstance.A.exceptionalB.coincidentalC.peculiarD.imperative2004 春1It is important to keep the factory working at ______ efficiency all the time.A.optimisticB.optimumC.opticalD.optional2We need to take steps to counter the ________ decline in our export market.A.lingeringB.chronicC.lengthyD.abiding3Her handwriting is so bad that it is barely____________A.legibleB.intelligibleC.distinctiveD.conceivable4We’re going to __________ what we’ve learned so far by doing some revision exercises today.A.consolidateB.reinforceC.affirmD.conform5Kevin made one last ________ attempt to persuade Sandra to go with him, then left.A.considerableB.trivialC.futileD.resistant6The school agreed to ________ their decision until they had spoken to William’s parents.B.retainC.deferD.expel7Republican party members were confidently __________ victory even as the first few votes came in.A.acclaimingB.reclaimingC.exclaimingD.proclaiming8The __________ between the two sets of figures suggests that someone has been stealing money from the bank.A.discrepancyB.conflictC.contrastD.divergence9The idea that a good night’s sleep will cure everything is a complete ____________A.defectB.fallacyC.fraudD.abuse10Before a bill can become law it has to have the full _______ of both Houses of Parliament.A.justificationB.warrantC.endorsementD.verification11The image is __________ by a series of lenses within the telescope.A.magnifiedB.signifiedC.extendedD.expanded12Strangely enough, the most obvious explanation did not ___________ Jackie until the next day.A.stumble one up withD.stand up to13The Government wants a 3% inflation rate, but is this a _____________ objective?A.reflectiveB.flexibleC.feebleD.feasible14She was still _____________ by what happened in Barcelona although she had left twenty year earlier.A.hauntedB.frequentedC.recalledD.sustained15The hands on my alarm clock are _______________ so I can tell the time in the dark.A.imminentB.luminousC.illuminateD.luminant2004 秋1You can’t cure a common cold, but you can ___________ the symptoms.A.moderateB.alleviateC.diluteD.subdue2For years scientists have been ___________ by the strange circles that have appeared in cornfields.A.tangledB.terrifiedC.evokedD.baffled3The flood was a ___________ from which Bangladesh has never really recorded.A.calamityC.reverseD.scandal4Our company’s’ management ____________ negotiations on a new union contract.unchedB.triggeredC.terminatedD.preserved2005 春1If wool is submerged in hot water, it tends to __________A.snapB.shrinkC.fadeD.condense2His last play was _________ by the critical as a masterpiece.A.claimedB.proclaimedC.exclaimedD.acclaimed3It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms to the architect’s _________ in every way.A.regulationsB.specialtiesC.essentialsD.specifications4Your letter has been __________ to the authority concerned.A.transitedB.transferredC.transportedD.transmitted5Among her many ____________ are loyalty, courage and truthfulness.A.virtuesB.moralsD.graces6The soldiers ___________ their arms as they marched.A.swayedB.swungC.swervedD.swelled7The country’s constitution ____________ the ideals of equality and freedom.A.embodiesB.symbolizesC.marksD.represents8It was ____________ whether the patient will survive the operation.A.vagueB.suspiciousC.ambiguousD.doubtful9The brochure _____________ us into thinking that our hotel was only five minutes from the beach.A.trappedB.frightenedC.engagedD.misled10“I’m far too busy to talk to you now.” he said, in his usual _____________ manner.A.rigidB.steepC.abruptD.stern11He’s rich and keeps __________ about how much money he’s got to impress people.A.exaggeratingB.boastingC.admiringD.inspiring12She was __________ enough to realize right from the start that he was lying.A.initiativeB.pervasiveC.imaginativeD.perceptive13The two countries ___________ their peace efforts after a break of two and a half years.A.rebukedB.renewedC.reviewedD.reclaimed14People always greet each other warmly, _____________ their different origins and beliefs.A.in regard toB.in contrast withC.with respect toD.regardless of15The express train from London ___________ on time.A.pulled upB.pulled overC.pulled inD.pulled through2005 秋1He was an _________ statesman and diplomat; his record was untarnished by scandals or rumors, and the public treated him with great respect.A.imminentB.eminentC.immuneD.empirical2Nobody expected Martha to change her plans; her decision to do something different was _________ and surprising to all.A.sheerB.bluntC.abruptD.irregular3In order to avoid the storm, the pilot of the plane was force to ___________ from the usualcourse.A.convertB.strayC.deviateD.transfer4When his father was injured, John ____________ for weeks about whether he should stay in school or quit to take a job.A.portrayedB.posedC.ponderedD.postponed5The _________ of that textbook is too broad; too much material is mentioned and not enough specific detail is included.A.capacityB.outlooktitudeD.scope6Before I went into the forest I put on special medicine designed to _____________ mosquitoes and other insects.A.imposepelC.disposeD.repel7The workmen _______ the shabby old hotel and built a modern office building in the place where it had been.A.distinguishedB.erasedC.flattenedD.razed8Please don’t tell me any bad news today, I’m upset and feel especially ______.A.vulnerableB.accessibleC.sensitiveD.sympathetic9I admired Janie because she’s so ______, she’s accomplished in athletics, music, and history, and she’s a marvelous dancer and cook as well.A.vainB.versatileC.viciousD.vivid10The true cause of the accident was made known after several witness ______ about what really happened.A.sworeB.testifiedC.affirmedD.charged11I have to find a new apartment since the lease on my current one has been _________.A.terminatedB.initiatedC.resumedD.abolished12Because I was out of butter. I ________ oil in the recipe.A.contributedB.distributedC.substitutedD.constituted13Although the new project was confusing when it was first presented, it gradually became clear as details were explained in ____________ meetings.A.subsequentB.precedentC.consequentD.previous14She is a very __________ woman; you will not be able to deceive her or take advantage of her.A.naïveB.shrewdC.transparentD.genuine15The audience ______________ uncomfortably in their chairs as the speaker continued his long and boring speech.A.alteredB.removedC.shiftedD.transferred2006 春1You will only be allowed to leave early in _______ circumstances.A.exceptionalB.coincidentalC.peculiarD.imperative2His latest ________ was buying a second-hand car which turned out to have a faulty engine.A.agonyB.stigmaC.wrathD.folly3The champagnes had caused his face to _______ and his eyes were bright.A.flourishB.freshC.fleshD.flush4He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop him from getting into _______ .A.mischiefB.nuisanceC.hostilityD.bustle5Poor sight and hearing are common _______ of old age.A.presentationsB.afflictionsC.outcomeD.relevance6The dream of many scientists has been to create a ________ motion machine – one thatwould always continue moving once it had been started.A.transientB.temporaryC.perpetualD.periodic7Only a small _______ of those attending the convention came from outside the state.A.fractureB.fragmentC.fractionD.fragrance8Chemicals from the factory up the river ________ the water, killing many fish and making the water totally unfit for human use.A.corruptedB.infectedC.contaminatedD.stained9It is strictly illegal to _______ a gun, knife, or any other weapon when boarding an airplane.A.shelterB.disguiseC.concealD.veil10To _______ the boredom of studying, it is a good idea to take frequent breaks.A.intensifyB.aggravateC.illuminateD.alleviate11Although we felt _______ for the child who had lost his parents, there was really not much we could do to comfort him.passionpasspanionpartment12The police were ________ by the crime and were never able to solve it.A.hinderedB.enlightenedC.baffledD.detained13_______ for the top-of-the-range car include a compact disc player, electric windows and a sunroof.A.accessoriesponentsC.decorationsD.colleagues14The author uses the ________ of bees when describing the workers at the bakery.A.correlationB.equivalentC.analogyD.parallel15The books will be ________ from our warehouse tomorrow to your address.A.dispatchedB.disputedC.dismissedD.dispersed2006 秋1I am ___________ _ in the morning, until I have had my coffee.A.inflexibleB.incurableC.inarticulateD.irreversible2 A tunnel has been ___________ under the English Channel to link England and France.A.boredB.deliveredC.structuredD.reckoned3This knife is too ___________ to cut vegetables, could you please sharpen it?A.portableB.remoteC.vulnerableD.blunt4The editorial ____________ the viewpoints of conservative politicians.A.echoedB.perceivedC.contendedD.received5He’s one of those ________ people who think they’re always right about everything.A.extrovertedB.humbleC.arbitraryD.nominal6They are busy __________ some fact and figures of documentary on the subject of E-commerce.A.generalizingpilingC.measuringD.promoting7Dr. Smith proposed a number of relate ideas that gradually __________ into a practical plan.A.hatchedB.assembledC.segregatedD.crystallized8The military government ___________ the country’s parliament and suspended all political activity.A.sackedB.revisedC.dissolvedD.ignored9Their many years of research have finally ___________ in a cure for the disease.A.furnishedB.culminatedC.accomplishedD.fabricated10The passage you have just read in the paper is ____________ from the Atlantic Monthly.A.assembledB.condensedC.curtailedD.modified11The weeds just __________, and before long the garden was a jungle.A.multipliedB.expandedC.improvedD.enlarged12The country’s progress is being __________ by a leader who refuses to look forward.A.restrictedB.confinedC.preventedD.constrained13The fuel used is almost ___________ charcoal made from wood or shells.A.habituallyB.voluntarilyC.invariablyD.faithfully14The official ___________ show that one out of four girls who marry between 16 and 18 ends up in the divorce court.A.quotaB.statisticsC.pollD.digits15Rays of sunlight focused through a _________ glass onto a piece of paper may make the paper burn.A.minimizingB.magnifyingC.exaggeratingD.maximizing20071Immigrants of all races in this area are demanding that they receive ___________ treatment from the authorities.A.uniqueB.unitedC.uniformD.universal2Women want the same pay if they hold the same jobs as men. At home, however, they do not expect their husbands to _________ in the housework.A.doB.haveC.shareD.divide3In the past, consumers were often cheated or ___________ into buying goods by business firms and they could hardly do anything about it.A.confusedB.misledC.forcedD.puzzled4You may have ever entered a bookstore just to take __________ from a sudden shower, but you found time spent there was very enjoyable.A.shieldB.shelterC.avoidanceD.protection5 A lot of people worked long hours because high unemployment meant that they could easilybe __________.A.distributedB.appointedC.transferredD.replaced6With its stock price rising by 20 percent, the company becomes the second most _________ technology firm in the country.A.valuableB.worthwhileC.pricelessD.precious7It is astonishing to know that children and youth __________ the biggest segment of the country’s homeless population.A.substitute forB.make outC.make upD.make up for8Many of these companies moved to the Inland South to take ___________ of the lower wages and the lack of strong labor unions in the region.A.profitB.advantageC.favourD.adventure9If the investment tax credit is ________ as a part of tax reform plan, the capital-intensive businesses such as steel-makers and airliners will face a hard time.A.repealedB.inferredC.inducedD.apppealed10While Apple was coming under increasing pressure from lower cost PC clones, the company’s initial response was to develop even more ________ high-end computers.A.sophisticateB.luxuriousC.philosophicalD.sensitive11It is well known that the popular singer has a/an __________ car in addition to a large house.A.credibleB.incredibleC.believableD.inherent12Oriental Radio has decided to cancel this pop star from a/an ________ broadcast for his breach contract.A.livelyB.aliveC.liveD.living13Firefighters were not attacking the major fires in Virginia directly but were putting out hot spots that could prove dangerous if winds ____________.A.picked upB.picked outC.picked throughD.picked in14The artist has made a ___________ of combining the first-rate photography and design with advanced technology in every piece of work he produces.A.disciplineB.principleC.proposalD.principal15You are likely to get a promotion because of the profitable ____________ you made for the company last month.A.transitionB.transfusionC.transferD.transaction20081President Bush came to his parent's century-old summer home on the Maine coast for little relaxation, a distant cousin's wedding and some family time. However, several hundred anti-war demonstrators ____________ on his visit.A.intrudedB.invadedC.intwinedD.inturned2Influenza is caused by a virus _________ one person _________ another in droplets coughed sneezed into the air. It is characterized by coldlike symptoms plus chills, fever, headaches muscle aches, and fatigue.A.transferred from toB.transmitted from toC.transacted from toD.transcend from to3Pigeon is the common name for members of a family of birds; smaller species commonly known as doves, but sizes of pigeons and doves ___________.The birds, almost worldwide in distribution, are most abundant in warm regions.A.surpassB.transcendC.overlapD.join4Yangtze River flows at a width of up to 2km and an average depth of between 6 and 15m through a large plain with many lakes. This area is ______________ to severe flooding and accumulation of river sediment.A.objectB.particularC.subjectD.prone5In 2005, President Bush put his political capital where his mouth was, and lost. He went all-out to ________________ Congress and the American people that privatizing Social Security would be good and necessary.A.argueB.concedeC.convinceD.confess6 A growing number of companies are now trying to serve "segments of one." They attempt to____________ their offer and communication to each individual customer. This is understandable with large industrial companies that have only a few major customers.A.adoptB.adaptC.incorporateD.exclude7The German general staff made another dangerous concession to what they considered a military necessity. The plan would be not _____________ when countries formally declared war but simply when they ordered mobilization.A.triggeredB.triggeringD.trifled8Content is the subject matter of architecture, the element in architectural expression that communicates specific meanings that _____________ to society the functions and techniques of buildings.A.interpretB.tellC.identifyD.modify9As online computer systems become more popular, televisions and computers are increasingly ____________. Such technologies combine the capabilities of computers, television etc., and greatly expand the services that can be provided.A.separatedB.segregatedC.integratedD.intersected10 A theory is an organized set of principles that is designed to explain and predict somephenomenon. Good theories also provide specific testable predictions, or _________ about the relation between two or more variables.A.hypothesisB.conceptionC.ideaD.meaning11Human evolution is lengthy process of change _________ people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by allpeople evolved over a period of at least 6 million years.A.of whichB.by whichC.for whichD.by that12Because of various burdens, the 1980s in Ecuador became a decade of ________. It was made worse by bad floods in 1983, the collapse of world oil prices in 1985 and 1986, and a devastating earthquake in 1987.A.collapseB.stagnationC.stop13Since 1970, when Sultan Qaboos carne to power and launched Oman's development, poverty has been largely _________ and modem medical care has been provided throughout the country.A.eliminatedB.illuminatedC.limitedD.increased14Many societies today interpret the natural world and form beliefs based on science and logic.Societies in which many people do not practice any religion, such as the United States, may be known as ___________ societies.A.vulgarB.secularC.particularD.unique15Before the ______________ of hospitals, the family or communal sauna(桑拿) was favored by Finnish women for giving birth. Today, saunas are found in health clubs and gymnasiums around the world.A.adventB.adventureC.advertD.advance20091Not all persons arrested and __________ with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.A.sentencedB.accusedC.persecutedD.charged2Whoever has skills and knowledge in this country, I believe, should be properly treated and rewarded __________ his educational background and family origin.A.despite ofB.regardless ofD.because of3 A survey earlier this year found that about 50 percent of South Africans think that “most” or“almost all” governmental officials are involved in________.A.robberyB.violationC.corruptionD.stealing4Woodrow Wilson ____________ to preserve world peace by supporting the establishment of an organization to settle international disputes.A.endeavouredB.incitedC.grantedD.offered5Margaret Mead’s reputation was _______________ established with the publication of her first book in 1982 and was by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology.A.hardenedB.enhancedC.separatedD.judged6The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer __________ according to the weather.A.evaluatedB.convertedC.fluctuatedD.modified7In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity and age should be____________.A.brought into practiceB.taken into accountC.thrown light onD.looked down upon8There was no light on the way and for a second she hesitated, unable to ________the dim figure awaiting her.B.make outC.pick upD.clear up9It is disturbing to note how many crimes we do know about were detected __________, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.A.by accidentB.on scheduleC.in generalD.at intervals10The violent __________ of his youth reappeared and was directed not only at the army, but at his wife at allA.impatienceB.characterC.temperD.quality11Certainly no one could have predicted that a tiny worm would make possible such far-reaching ________ into the very nature of life.A.understandingB.perceptionC.insightsD.inquiry12Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine _______ that the Americans were no longer open to European colonization.A.entrustedB.assertedC.appreciatedD.reckoned13Maximum benefits typically range from $50,000 to $250,000, through some _________have no limit.A.policiesB.billsC.chargesD.prices14Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to ________ on math and theoretical physics.A.imposeB.centerC.overtookD.concentrate15She has decided to ___________ some money every month to help three peasant girls in poverty-stricken areas.y downy sideC.set upD.stand up to20101Like most foreigners, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I ______ has answered those questions with patience and honesty.e acrosse bye overe into2Among picture books for 4-8 years olds, several outstanding works appeared that combined original stories with ______ illustrations.A.imaginableB.imaginativeC.imagingD.imageless3As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming ______ : The fatter the bird , the more efficiently it flies.A.interruptionB.descriptionC.qualificationD.contradiction4The party leader justified his subsequent re-election ______ that he had brought political stability and economic development to his country.A.in the wayB.by no meansC.on the groundsD.o the extent5 A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English______ young audiences who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date.A.in memory ofB.at the cost ofC.on behalf ofD.for the benefit of6The objective of this popular consultation is to determine, ______, the final political status of the region, whether to remain of the country as a special district, or to part from it.A.once upon a timeB.once and againC.all at onceD.once and for all7The _____ choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the available ones that will enable him or her to maximize utility.A.optimalB.optionalC.opticalD.optimistic8The Adult Vocational College is an opportunity to gain the right qualifications for various careers, for it offers an _____ range of subjects and courses.A.additionalB.excessiveC.adequateD.extensive9It’s disturbing to note how many of crimes we do know about were detected _____, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.A.by accidentB.on scheduleC.in generalD.at intervals10In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity and age should be _____.A.brought into practiceB.taken into accountC.thrown light onD.looked down upon11The more a nation’s companies ______ factories abroad, the smaller that country’s recorded exports will be.A.lieB.locateC.spotD.stand12The defence lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the _____ of the murder committed last month.A.witnessesB.audiencesC.viewersD.observers13The belief that the universe is improving and that good will _____ triumph over evil prevails.A.ultimatelyB.conclusivelyC.feasiblyD.terminally14It was difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it _____ as we had hoped.A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out15The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer _____ according to the weather.A.evaluatedB.convertedC.fluctuatedD.modified。
浙江大学考博词汇真题
浙江大学考博英语词汇题1. Hoping that he might be able to _____the problem,I asked Manio to look at the engine.A . shed light onB. make light ofC. bring light toD. set light to2. His_____ and unwillingless to learn from others prevent him from being an effective member of the team.A. arroganceB. dignityC. humilityD. solitude3. The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980 thanks toa(n)______in world trade.A. inflationB. stimulusC. bulgeD. boom4. He decided he was going to take______ for the murder of his sisterA. refugeB. testifyC. certifyD. allege5. No one expected him to ____against his former employer.A. dedareB. testifyC. certifyD. allege6. Rachel was the_____choice for the job thanks to her communication skillsA. unanimousB. genuineC. harmniousD. agreeable7. The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form on ____ account.A. senstiveB. genuineC. expressiveD. coherent8. You should have your eyes examined_____to be sure of your eyesight.A. periodicallyB. persistentlyC. continuouslyD. continually9. You should treat those remarks with the ___ that they deserve don’t give them a second thought.A. negativeB. disgraceC. contemptD. sarcasm10 The book is a rain attempt to ____ the name of one of the worst dictators in modern history.A. worshipB. glorifyC. adoreD. cherish11 The government is seeking to ___ itself from the latest financial.A. detachB. extractC. deriveD. ease12 Heavy rainful in the south of England means that flooding is____A. imminentB. momentousC. transientD. prospective13 He____ his assistant to pick up the plans from the office.A. disposeB. dispensedC. dispatchedD. dispersed14 I didn't ignore her_____ just didn't recognize her.A. attentivelyB. intensivelyC. intentionallyD. intensely15 You will only be allowed to leave early in_____ circumstancesA. exceptionalB. concidentalC. peculiarD. imperative参考答案：A A D B B A D A A B B A C C A浙江大学考博英语04年春词汇题1. It is important to keep the factory working at ____ efficiency all the time.A optimisticB optimumC opticalD optional2. We need to take steps to counter the _____ decline in our export market.A lingeringB chronicC lengthyD abiding3. Her handwriting is so bad that it is barely____A legibleB intelligibleC distinctiveD conceivable4. We are going to____ what were learned so for by doing some revision exercise today.A consolidateB reinforceC affirmD conform5. Kerin made one last____attempt to persuade Sandra to go with him and then leftA considerableB trivalC futileD resultant6. The school agree to ___ their decision until they had spoken to his parents.A convertB retainC deterD expel7. Repullican Party member were confidently ____ victory even as the first few votes come inA acclainingB reclainingC exclainingD proclaiming8. The___between the two sets of figures suggests that someone had been stealing money from the bankA discrepancyB conflictC contrastD divergence9. The idea that a good night sleep will cure everything is a complete _____A defectB fallacyC fraudD abuse10 Before a bill can become law it has to have the full ____ of both Houses of Parliament.A justificationB warrantC endorsementD verification11 The image is ____ by a series of lenses within the telescopeA maginfiedB signifiedC extendedD expanded12 Strangely enough the most obvious explanation did not ___ Juckie until the next dayA stumble onB occur toC come up withD stand up to13 The government wants a 3% inflation rate,but is this a ___ objective?A reflectiveB flexibleC feebleD feasible14 She has still ___ by what happened in Bancelona,although she had left 20years earlierA hauntedB frequentedC recalledD sustained15 The hands on my alarm clock are____.So I can tell time in the darkA imminentB luminousC illuminationD illustrative参考答案：B B A A C B D A B C A B D A B浙江大学考博英语04年秋词汇题（大部分与03年秋以及04年春词汇部分重复，不同的有）1. You can't cure a common cold, but you can ____ the symptoms.A moderateB alleviateC diluteD subdue2. For years scientists have been ___ by the strange circles that have appeared in cornfields.A tangledB terrifiedC evokedD baffled3. The flood was a___ from which Bangladesh has never really recored.A calamityB downfallC reverseD scandal4 Our company's management____negotiations on a new union contractA launchedB triggeredC terminatedD preserved参考答案：B D A A浙江大学考博英语05年春词汇题1. If wool is submerged in hot water,it tend to___A snapB shrinkC fadeD condense2. His last play was ___ by the critics as a masterpieceA claimedB proclaimedC exclaimedD acclaimed3. It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms to the architects___ in every way.A regulationsB specialitiesC essentialsD specifications4.Your letter has been___ to the authority concerned.A transitedB transferedC transportedD transmitted5.Among her many___ are loyalty ,courage andtruthfulnessA virtuesB moralsC charactersD graces6 The soldiers___ their arms as thay marched.A swayedB swungC swervedD swelled7. The country's constitution___ the ideals of equality and freedom.A embodiesB symbolizesC marksD represents8. It was ___ whether the patient will survive the operationA vagueB suspiciousC ambiguousD doubtful9, The brochure______us into thinking that our hotel was only five minutes from the beachA trappedB frightenedC engagedD misled10 "I'm far too busy to talk to you now."he said,in his usual____manner.A rigidB steepC abruptD stern11 He's rich and keeps____about how much money he's got to impress peopleA exaggeratingB boastingC admiringD inspiring12 She was____enough to realize right from the start that he was lying.A initiativeB pervasiveC imaginativeD perceptive13 The two countries___ their peace efforts after a break of two and a half yearsA rebukedB renewedC reviewedD reclaimed14 People always greet each other warmly,____ their different origins and beliefs.A in regard toB in contrast withC with respect toD regardless of15 The express train from London___ on time.A pulled upB pulled overC pulled inD pulled through参考答案：B D D B A B A D D C B D B D C。
浙江大学考博英语2011年真题
浙江大学考博英语2011年真题(总分：75.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section Ⅱ Vocabulary (总题数：15，分数：15.00)1."This light is too ______ for me to read by. Don"t we have a bright bulb somewhere?" said the elderly man.（分数：1.00）A.dim √B.slightdD.minute解析：[解析] 形容词词义辨析。
根据句中too...to结构判定，空格应填入与bright意思相对的形容词。
选项中，dim(暗淡的，模糊的)符合句意。
故答案为A。
slight“轻微的，纤细的，脆弱的”；minute“微小的”。
2.Mr. Smith asked his secretary to ______ a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing. （分数：1.00）A.invadeB.installC.insert √D.inject解析：[解析] 动词词义辨析。
invade“侵入”；install“安装”；insert“插入，镶入”；inject“注射”。
根据句意，Mr. Smith要求秘书在年度报告中“插入”新的一段。
故答案为C。
3.We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be ______ and go another day. （分数：1.00）A.probableB.reliableC.flexible √D.feasible解析：[解析] 形容词词义辨析。
根据句中的转折词but可以判断，空格应填入与go another day意思同向的词。
英语考博试题及答案
英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与结构（共20分）1. The _______ of the project will depend on the availability of funds.A) initiationB) implementationC) terminationD) qualification答案：B2. Despite his _______ efforts, he failed to convince the committee.A) trivialB) futileC) sincereD) superficial答案：C3. The _______ of the new policy has been widely discussed in the media.A) implicationsB) complicationsC) ramificationsD) repercussions答案：A4. She is a _______ of her father, showing great talent in music.A) descendantB) successorC) inheritorD) progeny答案：C5. The _______ of the old building was a significant event in the community.A) demolitionB) renovationC) constructionD) destruction答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。
Passage 1The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has opened up new opportunities and challenges for individuals and organizations alike.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the internet.B) The impact of the internet on society.C) The technical aspects of the internet.D) The future of the internet.答案：B7. What does the author imply about the internet?A) It has only positive effects.B) It has both opportunities and challenges.C) It is a threat to traditional businesses.D) It is outdated and no longer relevant.答案：BPassage 2In recent years, there has been a growing interest in renewable energy sources due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development.8. What is the main reason for the interest in renewable energy?A) Economic benefits.B) Environmental concerns.C) Technological advancements.D) Government policies.答案：B9. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Renewable energy is widely adopted.B) Renewable energy is too expensive.C) There is a need for sustainable development.D) Environmental concerns are a recent issue.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
博士英语考试试题及答案
博士英语考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. CopyD. Duplicate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like to go out in the rain.B. They has been working on the project for months.C. Neither of the students were prepared for the exam.D. The number of attendees is greater than expected.答案：D3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:a) The book is _______ the shelf.b) She is _______ the committee since 2019.c) He is _______ the same opinion as his colleague.答案：a) onb) inc) of二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1[Text omitted for brevity]4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of education.B. The impact of technology on society.C. The role of communication in relationships.D. The benefits of a healthy lifestyle.答案：B5. According to the passage, which of the following is not a benefit of using technology?A. Improved efficiency.B. Enhanced communication.C. Increased isolation.D. Greater accessibility.答案：C6. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem mentioned in the passage?A. Limiting the use of technology.B. Encouraging more face-to-face interactions.C. Relying solely on traditional methods.D. Ignoring the issue altogether.答案：B三、完形填空（共20分）[Text omitted for brevity]7. In the context of the passage, what does the word "alleviate" most likely mean?A. To worsen.B. To reduce.C. To ignore.D. To exaggerate.答案：B8. Why does the author believe that the issue discussed is important?A. It affects a large number of people.B. It is a new and emerging problem.C. It has been overlooked by many.D. It is a personal concern of the author.答案：A9. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Negative Effects of Stress.B. Coping Strategies for Stress.C. The Causes of Stress in Modern Life.D. The Importance of Stress Management.答案：B四、翻译（共20分）10. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese:"The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."答案：技术快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。
博士生英语考试真题试卷
博士生英语考试真题试卷一、词汇与语法（共10题）1. The new discovery ______ a significant impact on the field of medicine.A. makes.B. has.C. gives.D. takes.答案：B。
解析：“have an impact on...”是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”，这里主语是“the new discovery”，为第三人称单数，所以用“has”。
2. She was so ______ in her work that she didn't notice the time passing.A. absorbed.B. attracted.C. drawn.D. concentrated.答案：A。
解析：“be absorbed in...”是固定短语，意为“专心于……”；“be attracted to...”表示“被……吸引”；“concentrate on”（集中精力于），这里需要用“absorbed”。
3. It is essential that every student ______ a good command of English.A. has.B. had.C. have.D. will have.答案：C。
解析：在“It is essential that...”句型中，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，“should”可以省略，所以这里用“have”。
4. The committee ______ of fifteen members.A. consists.B. composes.C. makes up.D. is made up.答案：A。
解析：“consist of”表示“由……组成”，主动形式；“be made up of”也表示“由……组成”，但为被动形式；“compose”的用法是“be composed of”，这里主语是“the committee”，所以用“consists”。
浙江大学考博英语-试卷3
浙江大学考博英语-试卷3(总分：112.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Structure and Vocabulary(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.Outside my office window there is a fire______on the right.（分数：2.00）A.escape √dderC.stepsD.stairs解析：解析：fire escape意为“防火安全楼梯(位于楼房的外侧面)”；ladder意为“梯子”；steps意为“台阶”；stairs意为“楼梯”，指室内的。
故选A。
2.I______with the Browns during my stay in New York City.（分数：2.00）A.put inB.put downC.put onD.put up √解析：解析：put up意为“宿夜”；put in意为“度过，消磨(时间等)”；put down意为“写下，记录”；put on意为“上演，演出”。
故选D。
3.Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.（分数：2.00）A.exhausted √B.unhealthyC.upsetD.fearful解析：解析：exhausted意为“精疲力竭的”；unhealthy意为“不健康的”；upset意为“苦恼的，不适的”；fearful意为“担心的，可怕的”。
故选A。
4.Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell their vegetables______the black market.（分数：2.00）A.on √B.atC.inD.for解析：解析：on the market意为“上市，出售中”，其他介词搭配不合适。
08浙大考博英语试题答案
08听力1、human society2、the raw organism3、a special case4、the naked body5、normally-clothed bodies6、in the 1960s—1970s7、a precarious living8、the study of nature9、European thinking about environment10、the depletion of forest11-20CBCD CBBD CA词汇题答案：21A 22B 23C 24C 25C 26B 27A 28A 29C 30A 31B 32A 33A 34B 35A 完形填空原文及相应答案The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth's resources has brought the whole world to the drink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the breakup of the family, and the pollution not only of local air but slao of the earth's atmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share withus the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need ti reassess our present course, to change that coursem and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a preiceless opportunity.36B 37B 38C 39A 40D 41A 42D 43B 44A 45C 46D 47A 48B 49C 50D51C 52D 53B 54A 55B08考博英语第二篇阅读题及答案Every dream is a message from your unconscious self,expressed in a code which only you can understand and interpret.The images,colours,moods and terms of your dreams depend on your culture,upbringing,slang and your own understanding of things and values.Dreaming is like looking into a mirror and seeing yourself with your own eyes. The first dreams which we have after falling asleep often revolve around the day’s events.We go through them,sorting out and discarding things we don’t need to remember and gaining insight into those we do.Often,we are inspired with suggestions that we can use to remedy the situations that plague us by day.As we progress through the night’s dreams,they may take up more fantastic quanlities,offering fanciful experience.These often pleasant images can relieve the stress of the day.But the dream we have just before the awakening often contains information the subconscious mind wants to make known to the conscious.And this information,if remembered,interpreted,and understood,can serve as an important tool in our lives.Depending upon the content,dreams can strike us with their peculiarty,or sometimes even their alarming nature.Some dreams haunt us for years,not only because of their persisitence,but also primarily because we cannot explain or understand them.Other dreams stand out with the weird mixture of images,emotions and context,which make us remember them for life.Recurring dreams are quite common,and we are facing the same problem over and over again.A recurring dream is often a sign of some emotional weakness in our nature,which causes us problems over the years.Lucid dreams are rare,but they are all about people’s ablility to control heir dreams.In such a dream,the dreamers becomes consciously aware that she/he is dreaming and is able to use the memory and participate in dream actions and emotions.Lucid dreams are usually enhanced in a sensory and imaginary way,and sometimes can be accompanied by pleasant music.People can learn the techniques of controlling their dreams.Some historic manuscripts and records say that the ability to control dreams helps a person to reach a higher degree of mind development.Thisis what some Tibetan Buddhists and Islam followers practiced for the purpose of elevation in consciousness.1.dreams can only be understood by the dreamer because____.[A] they are always based on your deep feelings.[B]they are expressed in a code only you can understand.[C]they are always something related to your upbringing.[D]they are related to your personal culture.2.According to the author, dreams____[A] are always about the days events,sorting out them one by one.[B]are primarily meant to relieve the stress of the day.[C]are only important at the stage just before you wake up.[D]move from different stages,each with different functions.3.Recurring dreams occur_____[A] because of a repetition of event,problem or emotional weakness.[B]because of a certain life situation that causes us stress.[C]because we are emotionally weak.[D]because we can not explain them.4.The word “lucid”(Line 1,Para 4) refers to ____[A] highly conscious[B]understandable[C]easy to remember[D]clearly presented5.It can be concluded from the passage that dreams offer us the potential to _____[A] predict the future[B]improve our conscience[C]increase our imagination[D]understand ourselves答案：D B A A B08考博英语最后一篇阅读题及答案和解析及其翻译Is this happening in your neighborhood? Children, notebook computers stuck under their arms, await the yellow bus for the trip to middle school. On the surface, the question of computers in schools is a no-brainer. It would be strange to insist that today’s technology shouldn’t be used to make the classroom experience more individualized, more effective, more immediate, more exciting. Computers have been in schools more than 20 years — and probably even done some good.But the idea of a personal computer as a necessary daily tool for every American grammar school pupil is altogether a different thing. Beware the superficially attractive vision of 10-year-olds doing most of their work — and homework —on a computer. It’s another illusory silver bullet that promises to solve all of society’s ills through tech nology. Regardless of whether parents or taxpayers buy the machinery, it’s a bad policy.Determining the proper role of computers in schools is too important to be left to computer suppliers and educators. An educated public with clear and realistic expectations needs to help determine the right track for technology.Educators forever seem to seek the ultimate in curricular or teaching tools. They are always preoccupied with innovation — junior high school, new math, whole language, open classrooms and mastery learning, to name a few. Some ideas turned out well and over time have earned permanent positions in our education systems. Others reflected change for change’s sake and wound up in the trash bin, where they belong.Exactly what is to be solved with computers in schools? Are we looking to improve instructional capacity and flexibility? Are we trying to make teachers and aides more productive by letting students take advantage of programmed learning tools? This all sounds good, and much has been accomplished with computer assisted instruction.But that’s not the same as making the computer a symbol of well-tempered educational policy. There’s danger in the message that a child is not fully educated if he or she can’t surf the World Wide Web skillfully, move around in Windows or the Finder, use a word processing program, or program in Logo or Basic.These skills can be learned outside the classroom. Worse, the time it takes students to acquire them is time stolen from the legitimate teaching schedule —and that’s a bad trade.And what kind of computers should be purchased? We’re not talking brand names. Most sch ool systems don’t have the money to replace PCs or Macs on the two- to three-year cycle that shifting technologies demand. On the other hand, $2,500 —the cost of just one computer —invested in books for the school library produces an asset that has, shall we say, a longer shelf life.And who changes the factory culture of schoolrooms to allow computers to be more effective? And who teaches the teachers? These are the really tough issues — the ones that more hardware won’t solve.Children are best served when schools contribute to shaping the solid foundations on which their future will be built. The student who can read with curiosity and understanding, who has mastered basic mathematical concepts, who can evaluate ideas critically, is the one schools should aim to produce.1. According to the author, teaching computer in the school classroom is bad practice because .［A］the computer is too expensive a luxury for school pupils［B］the pupils are not intelligently mature enough to master the skills［C］it takes too much time which might has been spent on regular courses［D］the pupils can learn nothing from computer assisted instruction2. A “no-brainer” in the third sentence of the first paragraph probably means .［A］something that is taken for granted［B］an idea that is brainless and foolish［C］a proposal that is not worthy of serious consideration［D］a machine that can never take the place of human brain3. Who can determine the proper role of computers in schools?［A］Computer suppliers. ［B］Computer educators.［C］The educated public. ［D］All of the above.4. In the last paragraph the author implies that .［A］computer skills contribute nothing to proper education［B］computer teaching is an indispensable part of education［C］the fundamental purpose of education is being ignored［D］teachers should be taught how to teach computer skills5. The author’s attitude towards the present way of teaching computer in schools is .［A］critical ［B］objective［C］positive ［D］optimistic答案与题解1.［C］意为：它占用了太多的时间，而这些时间本来可以用于正常课程。
2004年春浙江大学博士入学英语考试试题
N~~~r~"Section I Listeningmarks.I mark(Write not more than JPart B(Write not more than~\.Section II Vocabulary(15all the time..n.elengthy D.abiding23.Her handwriting is so badconsolidate B.reinforceconsiderable B.trivial C.futile D.resistant26.The school agreed to their decision until they had spoken to William's parents.came in.defect B.fallacy C.fraud D.abuse30.Before a bill can become law it has to have the full of both Houses of Parliament.J1.The image is__by a series of lenses within the telescope.A. C.extended D.expanded32.Strangely enough,the most obvious explanation did not Jackie until the next day.A.Stumble onB.occur toe Lip withD.stand Lip to33.The Government wants a3%inflation rate,but is this a__objective')A.reflectiveB.flexibleC.feebleD.feasible34.She was still__by what happened in Barcelona.although she hadimminent B.prominent C.illuminate D.luminantwords)words)1 mark each)working atC.Section I mark each)The Canadian government is introducing one ofthe_37_,health groups are describing the bill as a missed opportunity because it fails to include _38_proposals that were considered in previous_39_.The law introduces strict_40_on the sale and advertising ofthe contents of cigarette_42._giving tar and nicotineBut with some4000such toxic components,the government plans tocigarettes be_47_in generic white packets with the brand name given inhave a major_48_here,"says LeGresley.The new bill,which is_49_by the Canadian Tobacco Manufacturers Councilis designed to discourage cigarette sales to thealso_52_cigarette ending machines and mail-order sales.Some advertising will be permitted.Tobacco companies are still forbidden to advertise on television or radio,but will be allowed to place advertisements in publications where is mostly_54_,such as daily newspapers._55_of sporting andOn the whole38.A.adventurous B.sensible C.controversial D.innovativedrafts C.codes D.regulations40.A.controls B.bans C.disciplines D.orders4].A.incorporate prise C.disclose D.confess42.A.Rather than B.As well as C.In spite of D.In view of43.A.manufacturers5LA.as B.since C.when D.ifemployee B.audience C.spectator D.readership54.'~.this part of the test)there are4short passages.Read eachpassagemark the corresponding letter with asinglepeople's health is inevitable if anewbillsupporters,itwill scientific rigor to environmentalandbigger profits, If the bill is passed,no government agency could issue a regulation--the release of pollutants into the environment or to protect workers in a particular industry,for instance-without calculatingits cost-benefit analyses would have ,outby.independent subject to peer review.The proposal isablueprintmonth,and to the Senate,amidhowlsshould not be based solely onlastweek"all the public health protections the,Americanatthe Union of Concerned Scientists,says that if the proposal becomes law,the number ofhealth environmental·tojustifyto ever tighter regulations,regardless of the cost to industryor they bring.They arguethatbenefits,and we have to doitapressuretogether count for more than half the US economy."This bill willrequire useof principles todeterminefor imposing new andcostlyagencies to take thatfact of the following istrueon the environment andpeople's,<D.Regulations should be introduced to protect workers in a particular industry.57.If the bill becomes law,willpoliticians.58.The best word expressive of Carol Browner's attitude.toward the new bill isC.C.therenot good at mathematical calculations.60.The supporters ofexistingPhD degrees resolved disagreement by external referees on the worth of a PhD thesisStates)claimed inthe field of study and another(from the UnitedKingdom)judged the thesis excellent and requiring only minor amendments.The process required the judgement of a external referee who returned a positiveperiod,putting extra pressure on thereviewers of acceptable thesis content-expectations that may reflect quite different perceptions of just whatinthe United States often5-6years,in the United Kingdom up to3years.SomeEuropean countries expect up to6completion within4years.is vastlyin3years.There is also a greaterlikelihood of published products ,within the longer time-a requirement of our negative examiner to obviatewould have prolonged the examination Different internationalexpectations must affect the external reviewing process used by most universities to protect the-B.thereviewingprocessthe course of research toavoid areas as theyarise;work or evenincompleterisk a result basedon expectation -these areall strategies available to supervisory panels to counterpossiblecriticismofofthem investigative science.Operatinglonger theuniversalknowledge,the candidate,but it is surely too long as anapprenticeship fora PhD degreeisneeded for the demonstration of both independence inresearchfirsttwo paragraphs!A The candidatefinally not get his PhD degree.B.The candidate was anAmerican.-C.The candidatewasCGnJid~tt)brfdj~productsto63.What istheD.Indifferent.64.It isimpliedA.is much easier to geta the United KingdomthanD.as many external referees as possible should be invited forthe degrees65.The passageisThe euro is a flawed scheme that could do Europe more harm..than good,The ignorancethat,'years ago;deemed the single currency's basic wisdombeyondchallenge.whileraisingvisibly improved Europe's economy would create itsown.'socialbenefits reward ,bank is supposed itself from such differences would The omens of this sort of bitterness and resentment are already apparent.The new French government wants more emphasis on jobs.The eurc's convergence criteriaeUTO has not broughta huge undertaking that its prospects should be good even under unfavorable conditions.es into being and fails.At best,it wouldn't sweep away nationalism.What separatesariseselse is to blame for your.problems.A euro that doesn't fulfill its immensethat at,the time the political climate in Europe wasB.ignoranceC.numbing detailsD.2;para.2)probably means _A opponents B.supporters C.skeptics D.apologistsunemployment D.unification of Europe69."There's the rub."(line 3,para.S)means that _A."There is the message."B."That's what one should do."6adrdessstaying idle. A single currency can't substitute for the hard measures needed to remedy these failings. Pretending otherwise creates a huge source potential discord converting national problems into European problems. With a common currency European central bank, it would become easier to blame European monetary policy for high joblesssness or, at any rate, to argue that an easier policy would cure it. Though the new central bank is supposed to be independent, from such pressures. National differences would arise and be fanned.•"There lies the difficulty."70.The message the author tries to give in the lastend in disasterPassage FourIt is clear that wework.Psychiatrists have been heard to say,"He didn't have enough anxietywhile we agree that too muchweold-life insurance policyhaving a conference with Billy's teacher even though his reportcard looks all right.People who anxiousdon't take when they have to drive,are careful where they go and with whomthey drive on holiday.People whoaccidents.PeopleOn balance,OUI age ofupon enormous resources,we have created anation in which anxiety has replaced terrorthemselves withthe millions ofat a few parts of the South,whatmay happen,might happen,could happen.•wherethereThe number ofsometim~s felt,a symptom of increasing mentaldiscontentabroad this comes perhaps because our anxietymast life and who have theto devise ways of making trips to the moon;cannot-as we have tried to do-banish deathitself..71.According to the author,having some anxietyC.make people~'Ot1<?C't1l6f/D.be cured by seeing their doctors.72.The driver's exampleis given to support the idea that we shouldright amount of anxiety73.The word"specter"in paragraph3most probably means_A.,meaningB.fearC.of people suffer most from mental ill healththe realityB.learri how to trust lifeD,:find how to make space travelSection Vversion II.76.D。
2015年浙江大学博士研究生入学考博英语历年真题试题(2010-2014)
2015年浙江大学考博英语历年真题（2010-2014）目录2014年浙江大学考博英语真题 (2)2013年浙江大学考博英语真题 (14)2012年浙江大学考博英语真题 (23)2011年浙江大学考博英语真题 (34)2010年浙江大学考博英语真题 (40)2014年浙江大学考博英语真题1.听力Part A 原文：In my opinion, technology has become too advanced. I am 17-years-old, and I can still remember a time when I did not have a computer in my home, and if you did, it was uncommon. Not until the mid-1990s was it common for（middle class families）to have computers. In our society today, almost every single family has at least one computer if not more, and these computers are incredibly advanced compared to what you'd have had in your home a short ten years ago. Over the years, I have seen technology bloom; all I have known my entire lifetime, is that there is going to be something bigger, I should really say smaller, and better （out on the market）in no time. I can't believe how fast manufacturers are coming out with new technology. What will happen in the future, will technology become so advanced is changes the course of our humanity? You can do everything you want from a computer, work, play,（talk to friends）, research, and even order food! A person could live their entire life jammed up in a room with a computer, and they would have access to everything they need! It is insane! The advances in communication technology are blowing up all over the place as well. I, myself just bought a new camera phone, and this phone is amazing. The picture quality is superb, and not only that but I （have access to the）internet on my PHONE! I can't believe how the cell phone market has so drastically increased. The first phone I ever had was five years ago, when I was 12 years old. That phone today would be considered huge, clunky, heavy, and "old". I personally couldn't even imagine myself walking around with that phone （without being embarrassed）. It just goes to show how much things have changed in five years, and people just keep on taking it all in. Every time I have bought a new phone since that point, six months later, I have wanted a new one because my phone was not up to date. Can you believe it, after not even a year a phone can completely go off the market because it is not advanced enough? The manufacturers are putting these things out faster than people can buy them.2. 听力Part B 原文括号内为答案It is an honor to speak with you today on the issue of（public health disparities）. I would first like to thank the organizations that made this event possible. This has truly been a collaborative effort among a diverse group of constituents. I think this sets a positive tone and precedent for a healthy and spirited discussion. As many of you may know, reforming and improving our health care system is an issue that is close to my heart. I believe that in the richest and most powerful country in the world, we ought to be able to provide （basic health care）to all of our citizens. It is vitally important that we lessen the impact and burden of illness on all people in communities, regardless of race, gender, or religions. Our discussions today are critically important to rectify the injustices that many p eople face in our current health care system. Today‟s sessions have a greater purpose than mere discussions and networking opportunities----today‟s conference signifies an increased and （necessary call for action）among our region‟s top health professional s. Public health is directly connected to poverty, income, education, and community. We cant‟ look at health care in a silo and assume it is only a luxury for the well off. Health care needs to be provided to all people of all color. We are morally responsible for （improving the disparities in health care）because a healthy society is the foundation on which we build our schools, our neighborhoods, and our economy. Health care is not a privilege----it is a right. I know we have along road to travel inachieving equality in health status. I know that everyone here knows this. And I am hopeful that perhaps more people than ever are（finally waking up to this reality）.Part C1 原文3个选择题There were very few places in the world that Jules Verne, the writer,, did not visit. He went round the world a hundred times or more. Once he did it in eighty days, unheard of in the nineteenth century. He voyaged sixty thousand miles under the sea, toured around the moon, exploded the center of the earth, and chatted with natives in Australia. Jules Verne, the man, was a stay-at-home. He was more likely to be tired from writing than from traveling. He did make a few visits to Europe and North Africa. And he made one six-week tour of New York State. But that was all. He spent less than one of his seventy-seven years really traveling. Yet he was the world‟s most extraordinary tourist. His books are crowded with hunting and fishing expeditions. Jules actually went hunting only once. Then he raised his gun and shot off the guard‟s hat! He neve r held a test tube in his hand. But he was an inspiration to the scientist in the laboratory. Long before radio was invented, he had TV working in his books. His name for it was phono-telephoto. He had helicopters fifty years before the Wright brothers flew their first plane at Kitty Hawk. In fact, there were few wonders of the twentieth century that this man of the nineteenth century did not foresee. In his stories you can read about neon lights, moving sidewalks, air-conditioners, sky-scrapers, guided missiles, tanks, electrically operated submarines, and air-planes,and so on.第一个问题问这个人是干什么的选the writerPart C2 原文第2篇3个选择题Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can‟t be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old. Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You can‟t ask doctors or scientiststo decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on t he principle that while there‟s life, there‟s hope.第三篇Animals do not possess a language in the true sense of the word. In the higher vertebrates, as also in insects, particularly in the socially living species of both great groups, every individual has a certain number of inmate movements and sounds for expressing feelings. It has also innate ways of reacting to these signals whenever it sees or hears them in a fellow-member of the species. The highly social species of birds such as the jackdaw or the graylag goose, have a complicated code of such signals which are uttered and understood by every bird without any previous experience. The perfect co-ordination of social behaviour which is brought about by these actions and reactions conveys to the human observer the impression that the birds are talking and understanding a language of the own. Of course, this purely innate signal code of an animal species differs fundamentally from human language, every word of which must be learned laboriously by the human child. Moreover, being a genetically fixed character of the species—just as much as any bodily character—this so-called language is, for every individual animal species, ubiquitous in its distribution. Obvious though this fact may seem, it was, nevertheless, with something akin to naïve surprise that I heard the jackdaws in northern Russia “talk” exactly the same, familiar “dialect” as my birds at home in Altenberg. The superficial similarity between these animal utterances and human languages diminishes further as it becomes gradually clear to the observer that the animal, in all these sounds and movements expressing its emotions, has in no way the conscious intention of influencing a fellow member of its species. This is proved by the fact that even geese or jackdaws reared and kept singly make all these signals as soon as the corresponding mood overtakes them. Under these circumstances the automatic and even mechanical character of these signals becomes strikingly apparent and reveals them as entirely different from human words.二.（15题，15分）单选题（顺序打乱了）The two friends sat in a corner and __B__ away to each other about the weather．a．talked b．chatted c．muttered d．whisperedHe is going to __D__ the meeting on the subject of war and peace in a minute．a．speak b．talk c．remark d．addressAlthough not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government's ___A___ policies.a. economicb. economicalc. economyd. economicsThere are not many teachers who are strong _C_of traditional methods in English teaching.a. sponsorsb. contributorsc. advocatesd. performersA friendship may be ___B___ , casual, situational or deep and lasting.a. identicalb. superficialc. criticald. originalNobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _C_ down the economy.a. putb. settlec. dragd. knockWe are _D_ to the idea, but we doubt whether the time is ripe to put it into force.a. equalb. adequatec. considerated. sympatheticPeople were surprised to find that Mr. Johnson had the ability to ___B__ everything he was involved in.a. Prevailb. dominatec. presided. instructYou can do it if you want to, but in my opinion it‟s not worth the __D__ it in volves.a. forceb. trialc. attemptd. effortThe manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for __D__ her attitude toward customers.a. straightforwardb. partialc. favorabled. hostileYou must pack plenty of food for the journey. __D__, you will need warm clothes, so pack them too.a. Equallyb. Incidentallyc. Inevitablyd. LikewiseThis __B_ was conducted to find out how many people prefer rice.a. examinationb. surveyc. inspectiond. testAs a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals __B__ a substance to absorb harmful chemicalsa. relieveb. releasec. dismissd. discardHe said that very clearly so that nobody was in any___B__ about what was meant.a. wonderb. doubtc. questiond. consideration三.完形填空（20题20分）Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they (1) . Yet, all living things still show the (2) of aging, which will eventually (3) death. Aging is not a disease, （4）as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the (5) they form do not function as well as they did in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less (6) against disease and is more (7) to have accident. A number of related causes may (8) aging. Some cells of the body have a （9）long life, but they are not (10) when they die. As a person ages, (11) of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. Other body cells die and are（12）by new cells. In an aging person the new cells may not be as workable or as capable (13) growth as those of a young person. Another (14) in aging may be changes within the cells(15). Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less elastic. This is (16) the skin of old people wrinkles and hangs loose. This is also the reason why old people (17) in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, （18）DNA and RNA, store and (19) information that the cells need.Aging may affect this (20) and change the informationcarrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.1.C A．would B．be used to C．used to D．used2.B A．function B．effect C．affect D．sign3.D A．lead in B．give in C．run into D．result in4.but5.D A．hands B．feet C．heart D．organs6.B A．energy B．protection C．vigor D．power7.A A．likely B．probable C．possible D．alike8.B A．attend to B．contribute to C．add to D．devote to9.fairly10.A A．replaced B．reborn C．recovered D．surrendered11.C A．a number B．the amount C．the number D．a great deal12.replaced13.C A．to B．for C．of D．in14.A A．factor B．effect C．reason D．element15.C A．for themselves B．of themselves C．themselves D．on their own16.why17.B A．increase B．shrink C．lengthen D．decrease18.such as19.D A．pass away B．pass by C．pass off D．pass on20.D A．improvement B．procession C．approach D．process四阅读（4篇，20分）阅读第一篇In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. one kind of learning is called "classical conditioning". this occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment, it is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.The second kind of learning is called "operant conditioning." this occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. for example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.Every day, we grow and have new experiences. we constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. this learning affects our emotions. why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? if a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. on the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.1. the author's main purpose in writing the passage is to _B_.a) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionb) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningc) give parents some advice on how to modify their children's emotions through learningd) discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced2.if your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though _B_ that tellingjokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.a) classical conditioningb) operant conditioningc) neither of themd) some other sorts of conditioning3. if a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. this is a typical example of learning through _A_.a) classical conditioningb) operant conditioningc) both of themd) neither of them4. in the third paragraph, the author is _D_.a) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every dayb) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioningc) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so ond) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning5. in the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss __C_.a) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelingsb) the third kind of learningc) further examples of learning through operant conditioningd) none of the above阅读第2篇，Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad or worse than the hazards of smiking too many cigarettes. All right then, let's pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Let's put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer--alcoholism.But wait. We've already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abilished by an amendment to the Constitution and by a law of Congress. After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manyfacturing, selling, or transporting of "intoxicating liquors". Without any more liquor, peoplecould not drink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all bery logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gans of liquor smugglers millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkers were licky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a rusult of prohibition. Instead, people drank nore alcohol than ever-often poisoned alcohol.1. Which of the following was NOT characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the V olstead Act? Aa) There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.b) There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.c) Without liquor, people would not drink.d) People would not become drunk of create a public nuisance.2. During Prohibition, illegal alcohol was_C___.a) sold openlyb) no longer a temptationc) a major factor in the passage of the Volstead Actd) brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders3. During Prohibition, people__B__.a) lived in fear of the lawb) were willing to risk arrest for the pleasure of liquorc) recklessly endangered their comunitiesd) were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them4. When enacting the prohibition law, government officials assumend that__D__.a) every American would buy alcohol illegallyb) all criminal activities would ceasec) patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcohold) the social threat from drunkerness would decline5. It can be inferred from the passage that__A__.a) the Congress was wise to repeal Prohibitionb) the Prohibition Era was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkennessc) during Prohibition, most Americans stopped drinkingd) laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcoholic beverages第三篇As people continue to grow and age, our body systems continue to change. At a certain point in your life, your body system began to weaken. Your joint may become stiff. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury. In order to live longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this process that leads us toward the end of our lives.Many factors contribute to your health. A well-balanced diet plays an important role. The amount and type of exercises you get is another factor. Your living environment and the amount of stress you are under is yet another. But scientists studying senescence want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by examining the aging process on a cellular level medical science may be able to extend the length of life.There is nothing to be afraid of as old age approaches. Many consider the later portions of life to be the best time for living. Physical activity may lessen, but often you gain a broader understanding of yourself and the world.What we consider old age now may only be middle-aged someday soon. Who knows with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life spans may one day be measured in centuries, rather than in years!1. When people become aging, they will lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury, “bounce back” here means __A__.A. to improve in health after one‟s disease and injuryB. to run fastC. to recover from disease and injuryD. to jump after recovering2. In order to live longer, ___A___.A. we should postpone the process of agingB. we should try to do some exerciseC. we have to try to be on a dietD. we should keep in high spirits3. Why are some scientists interested in studying senescence? ___B___A. They may be able to find better ways to our lifeB. If they pin down the biochemical process that makes us age, there will be hope for extending the length of lifeC. They want find out if there is a link between how efficiently a cell could repair itself and how long a creature livesD. They want to increase the general ability of our bodies4. Many consider the later portions of life to be the best time of living, because ____A__.A. they have a very good understanding of themselves and the outside worldB. they have nothing to do all day long only to watch their grandchildren growing up around themC. they have come through the battle of life safelyD. they consider their life has been a successful one5. According to the passage, “spans” means ____B_____.A. a long period of timeB. a length of timeC. a long distance from one place to anotherD. longevity第四篇Any country has good reason to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health.This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain this has de veloped into a “Welfare State” in which all citizens, rich and poor alike, can get most health treatment free. The money for this is partially raised by contributions from employers and employees.As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the Health Service—doctors, nurses and other hospital staff—have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine. The Health Service does need more staff—a need that can only be met if more money is made available to it.However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they don‟t really need to. Because they have so m any patients, doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.46. In the author‟s view, Britain is a Welfare State in that __A__.A. all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some senseB. poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatmentC. health service is highly developed in BritainD. Britain doesn‟t allow its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health47. We can infer from the passage that __B__.A. the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by BritainB. the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in BritainC. an active population is the greatest resource in BritainD. all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service48. The best title for the passage would be __D__.A. A Welfare StateB. Importance of the Health ServiceC. Disadvantages of the Health ServiceD. The Health Service49. The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private treatment because __C__.A. their doctors can give them more time leave from workB. those doctors have better medical instrumentsC. they might save some money for the poorD. their doctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients50. The word “abused” (Par. 4) means __B__.A. destroyedB. used in wrong wayC. ignoredD. wasted五汉译英（25分）2013年12月份以来，中国25个省份、100多座大中城市再次遭遇雾霾侵袭。
2005年浙江大学考博英语词汇题
2005年浙江大学考博英语词汇题1.If wool is submerged in hot water,it tend to ________.A.snapB.shrinkC.fadeD.condense2.His last play was ________by the critics as a masterpiece.A.claimedB.proclaimedC.exclaimedD.acclaimed3.It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms ________to the architects in every way.A.regulationsB.specialitiesC.essentialsD.specifications4.Your letter has been ________to the authority concerned.A.transitedB.transferredC.transportedD.transmitted5.Among her many ________are loyalty,courage and truthfulnessA.virtuesB.moralsC.charactersD.graces6The soldiers ________their arms as they marched.A.swayedB.swungC.swervedD.swelled7.The co untry’s constitution________the ideals of equality andfreedom.A.embodies B.symbolizes C.marksD.represents8.It was ________whether the patient will survive the operation.A.vagueB.suspiciousC.ambiguousD.doubtful9.The brochure ________us into thinking that our hotel was only five minutes fromthe beach.A.trappedB.frightenedC.engagedD.misled10.“I’mfar too busy to talk to you now,”he said,in his usual________manner.A.rigid B.steep C.abruptD.stern11.He’s rich and keeps ________about how much money he’s got to impress people.A.exaggeratingB.boastingC.admiringD.inspiring12.She was ________enough to realize right from the start that he was lying.A.initiative B.pervasive C.imaginativeD.perceptive13.The two countries ________their peace efforts after a break of two and a half years.A.rebukedB.renewedC.reviewedD.reclaimed14.People always greet each other warmly,________their different origins and beliefs.A.in regard toB.in contrast withC.with respect toD.regardless of15.The express train from London ________on time.A.pulled upB.pulled overC.pulled inD.pulled through【参考答案】01—05BDDBA 06—10BADDC 11—15BDBDC。
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A unanimous
B genuine
C harmnious
D agreeable
7. The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form on ____ account.
A senstive
B genuine
D divergence
9. The idea that a good night sleep will cure everything is a complete _____
A defect
B fallacy
C fraud
D abuse
10 Before a bill can become law it has to have the full ____ of both Houses of Parliament.
A worship
B glorify
C adore
D cherish
11 The government is seeking to ___ itself from the latest financial.
A detach
B extract
C derive
D ease
9. You should treat those remarks with the ___ that they deserve don’t give them a second thought.
A negative
B disgrace
C contempt
D sarcasm
10 The book is a rain attempt to ____ the name of one of the worst dictators in modern history.
B proclaimed
C exclaimed
D acclaimed
3. It is the builder’s job to make sure that the house conforms to the architects___ in every way.
A regulations
C extended
D expanded
12 Strangely enough the most obvious explanation did not ___ Juckie until the next day
A stumble on
B occur to
C come up with
D solitude
3. The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980 thanks to a(n)______in world trade.
A inflation
B stimulus
C bulge
D boom
4. He decided he was going to take______ for the murder of his sister
A considerable
B trival
C futile
D resultant
6. The school agree to ___ their decision until they had spoken to his parents.
A convert
B retain
C deter
D expel
7. Repullican Party member were confidently ____ victory even as the first few votes come in
A acclaining
B reclaining
C exclaining
B specialities
C essentials
D specifications
4.Your letter has been___ to the authority concerneD
A transited
B transfered
浙江大学考博英语04年春词汇题
1. It is important to keep the factory working at ____ efficiency all the time.
A optimistic
B optimum
C optical
D optional
2. We need to take steps to counter the _____ decline in our export market.
4 Our company's management____negotiations on a new union contract
A launched
B triggered
C terminated
D preserved
参考答案：B D A A
浙江大学考博英语05年春词汇题
A haunted
B frequented
C recalled
D sustained
15 The hands on my alarm clock are____.So I can tell time in the dark
A imminent
B luminous
C illumination
A lingering
B chronic
C lengthy
D abiding
3. Her handwriting is so bad that it is barely____
A legible
B intelligible
C distinctive
D conceivable
12 Heavy rainful in the south of England means that flooding is____
A imminent
B momentous
C transient
D prospective
13 He____ his assistant to pick up the plans from the office.
A dispose
B dispensed
C dispatched
D dispersed
14 I didn't ignore her_____ just didn't recognize her.
A attentively
B intensively
C intentionally
B terrified
C evoked
D baffled
3. The flood was a___ from which Bangladesh has never really recoreD
A calamity
B downfall
C reverse
D scandal
浙江大学考博英语词汇真题
1. Hoping that he might be able to _____the problem,I asked Manio to look at the engine.
A shed light on
B make light of
C bring light to
4. We are going to____ what were learned so for by doing some revision exercise today.
A consolidate
B reinforce
C affirm
D conform
5. Kerin made one last____attempt to persuade Sandra to go with him and then left
C expressive
D coherent
8. You should have your eyes examined_____to be sure of your eyesight.
A periodically
B persistently
C continuously
D continually
A refuge
B testify
C certify
D allege
5. No one expected him to ____against his former employer.
A dedare
B testify
C certify
D allege
6. Rachel was the_____choice for the job thanks to her communication skills
D proclaiming
8. The___between the two sets of figures suggests that someone had been stealing money from the bank
A discrepancy
B conflict
C contrast
A justification
B warrant
C endorsement
D verification