英汉笔译基础第10章句子翻译二
Lesson 10 汉语特殊句式的翻译(2)PPT课件
Cutting/dividing
❖ ⑴汉语长句中若含有反问句、反诘句或感叹句，宜 分译
❖ 盛夏炎日，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心 凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住 要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界！
❖ No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!
❖ ② applying the original structure ❖ ③ changing the original structure ❖ the most urgent task: discern its main idea
and the layout of the structure
13
the passive. True, passive structures do exist in the
Chinese language, but not so commonly as in English.
Chinese passive structures may be roughly classified into
12
❖ The usual methods adopted in translating long Chinese sentences:
❖ ① Cutting/dividing : cutting the long sentence into several sections regardless of the punctuation marks.
大学英语实用翻译教程Unit 10(2) 倒装-否定
10.5 否定结构 (Negative Structure)
英、汉语表示否定意义时，在词汇、语法和语言逻辑等方面存在 一定差异。英语的否定结构有时比较复杂，有些句子形式上虽然是否 定，但表达的却是肯定意义：还有一些句子形式上是肯定的，但实质 却表达了否定意义。 翻译中，应根据语境仔细分析原否定结构，准确判断出其实际含 义以及否定词所否定的对象或范围，然后再根据其逻辑意义，选择合 乎汉语习惯的表达形式进行翻译。
Negative Structure 否定句型
4. 部分否定 (Partial negation) / 不完全否定 常见形式： 含“部分”意义的代词或副词与否定式谓语连用：some，somebody， something，somewhere，somewhat，sometimes，等等 Sometimes you can’t make it on your own. 有时候，你不能独自承担一切。 总括词，即某些含有“整体”、“全部”意义的代词或副词，与否 定词连用：every, both, everybody, everything，always, entirely, altogether, everywhere，等等 1)Not every conclusion can hold water. 并非每个结论都能站得住脚。 2)That will not always be the case. 情况不会永远是这样。 Note：“总括词 + 肯定式谓语 + 含否定意义的词” 结构，是全部否 定 如：Everything is impossible. 一切都不可能。 All germs are invisible to the naked eye. 所有细菌都是肉眼看不见的。
1. 显形否定 (Overt negation) 否定含义较为直观明显 —使用否定词：not, no, never, nor, nobody, nothing, 等等 —带有否定前缀或后缀的词：dis-, un-, in/im-, non-, -less，等 —含否定意义的句型：too… to…，would rather… than…, neither… nor…，等等 1) Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责便是没人负责。 2) This dictionary was nowhere to be found. 这本词典哪里也找不到了。 3) It was impossible to fault the old actor’s performance. 要在这位老演员的表演中挑出毛病是不可能的。 4) In the years that followed, he continued to organize several non-violent protests against the racial discrimination. 在此之后，他继续组织了多次反对种族歧视的非暴力抗议活动。 5) If this substance can not conduct electricity, neither will it conduct heat. 如果这种物质不导电，它也就不传热。
第10周英汉翻译自学内容
• 1. 增（加）词的目的是为了照顾另一种语 言的文法特征和描述规律，使译文更加通 顺自然。 • 2. 减词不减义，追求所谓的“精练、简洁 ”而随随便便减词则是“漏译”。
• • • • • • • •
•
• • •
1.He maintain that only hard work and unswerving perseverance can lead to improved performance. 译文：他坚持认为，只有通过勤奋工作加上不懈的努力才会取得好的成 绩。（该译文增加了什么词？） 2. We should be pleased to let you have samplers to give a demonstration at your premises. 译文一：能为您奉赠品在贵厅展出，我们甚感欣慰。 译文二：欣奉我样品，在贵厅展出。 （该译文省略了什么内容？） 3. In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 译文：1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。（该译文增 加了什么词？） 4. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill. 译文：事情往往是这样，失却之物，方知珍惜；生了病才知道健康之可 贵。（该译文增加了什么词？） 5.We are looking forward with interest to your reply. 译文一：我们带着极大的兴趣盼望贵方的答复。 译文二：盼复。 （该译文省略了什么内容？）
英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第十单元 目的句视译
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
〈译评〉 in case 汉译时经常变成语义链接， 不一定使用直接对应词，在此也可以 译成“以防”、“目的是”等。为了 最大限度地保证汉语译文的表达力， 视译时应尽量使用标准的汉语口语词 汇。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
第10单元目的句视译英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第10单元目的句视译目的句属常见句式英语里无论是不定式表达目的还是完整句子表达目的可出现于句首句中或句末中文目的词组或目的句却常见于句首或句末而鲜见于句中因此视译时需灵活应对以符合汉语表达习惯为宗旨
第10单元 目的句视译
上篇 英译汉 英汉汉英视译教程
第10单元 目的句视译
第10单元 目的句视译 （例段）
〈译评〉 （1）有时，英语同位语很长，可以按照独立 句子翻译，视译时便简化了后续翻译。 （2）英文插入式引导语常见句中或句末，视 译时应尽可能地放在句首，更符合汉语习惯。 （3）英语不定式做目的，可见于句首、句中 或句末，中文简短目的句常见于句首或句末， 而鲜见于句中，因此视译时对于目的句的位 置有时需做适当调整。 （4）最后一句提示我们，在很多语意相同或 相近的情况下，不妨使用中文的固定成语或四 字词语，译文会更加通达易懂。
【视译】 已有不少书籍试图论证飞碟来自外太空。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）
〈译评〉 笔译版本没有进行去原语化处理，会使 听众感到费解，这是经验不足的视译译 员经常情不自禁会犯的错误，原因是转 换时间短暂，来不及去掉原语思维， 可 见多加练习的必要性。此句也可以翻译 成“试图论证飞碟来自外太空的书籍已不 鲜见”。
western areas, where labor costs are lower.
英汉汉英翻译教程第十章 习语的翻译
10.5 折中译法 10.6 略译法、补译法、直 译加注法 10.7 不含文化意象的习语
一、折中译法
中英文化差异导致语言表达上的悬 殊，是的许多习语无法使用异化或归化 译法进行翻译，勉强使用的话，只会产 生风格不符和意义扭曲等问题，读者无 法理解和接受。在这种情况下只好退而 求其次，使用折中译法，化去原文中的 意象，译出其核心意义，这种译法文珊
高志娟
陈春柳
• 牛海绵状脑病（Bovine spongiform encephalopathy，简称BSE），俗称疯牛 病（mad cow disease），是由传染因子引 起的牛的一种进行性神经系统的传染性疾 病，是一种传染性海绵状脑病。该病的主 要特征是牛脑发生海绵状病变，并伴随大 脑功能退化，临床表现为神经错乱、运动 失调、痴呆和死亡。
• 4.Even before they were acquainted, he had admired Osborn in secret. Now he was his valet, his dog, his man Friday. • 他没有认识奥斯本之前，已经暗暗佩服他。 如今便成了他的听差，他的狗，他的忠仆 星期五。 • 星期五(Friday)是《鲁滨逊漂流记》故事 中Robinson Crusoe的忠实奴仆。
Examples:
• 1.“三十六计，走为上计”应译为 The best stratagem is to quit, 因为英美人不 知道中国古代兵法有著名的“三十六计”， 如果译成Of the thirty-six stratagems, the best is to quit,英美读者可能会纠缠在thirtysix这个数字上，造成误解。 • 2.“一朝一夕”译为overnight
英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 10 Speeches.doc
Unit 10 SpeechesLesson 28(E—C)Speech by President Nixon of the United States at Welcoming Banquet21 February 1972Mr. Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening,On behalf of all your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute,not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks. At this vry moment through the wonder of relecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world. Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people. If our two people are enemies the future of this world we share together is dark indeed. But if we can find common ground to work together, the chance for world peace is immeasurably increased.In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. As we discuss our differences, neither of us will compromise our principles. But while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to tald across it.译文：美国总统尼克松在欢迎宴会上的讲话1972年2月21日总理先生，今天晚上在座的诸位贵宾：我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。
Lesson 10 汉语特殊句式的翻译(2)PPT课件
certainly be scolded.
2
❖ However, not all Chinese sentences with passive labels should be translated by using the English passive voice pattern. Here are examples:
❖ s. 众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。
❖ It is well-known that gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of the ancient Chinese people.
❖ t. 据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。
structure.
1
1. Chinese sentences with passive labels
❖ This category includes such Chinese expressions as “被、受、遭、给、让、挨、叫、 为…所、加以、予以”, and so on. We may simply copy the Chinese passive structure in translating them into English.
the passive. True, passive structures do exist in the
Chinese language, but not so commonly as in English.
Chinese passive structures may be roughly classified into
英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元...
英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元...笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元英译汉（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十单元英译汉（一）Center on Israel-Palestine IssuesThe many controversial issues concerning Palestine and the path to peace for Israel are intensely debated among Israelis and throughout other nations – but not in the United States. For the past 30 years, I have witnessed and experienced the severe restrains on any free and balanced discussion of the facts. This reluctance to criticize policies of the Israeli government is due to the extraordinary lobbying efforts of the American-Israel Political Action Committee and the absence of any significant contrary voices.It would be almost politically suicidal for members of Congress to assume a balanced position between Israel and Palestine, to suggest that Israel comply with international law to speak in defense of justice or human rights for Palestinians.What is even more difficult to comprehend is why the editorial pages of the major newspapers and magazines in the US exercise similar self-restraint, quite contrary to private assessments expressed forcefully by their correspondents in the Holy Land.My new book, Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid, is devoted to1 / 3Unit 10 EN-CH (I) Center on Israel-Palestine Issuescircumstances and events in Palestine and not in Israel, where democracy prevails and citizens live together and are legally guaranteed equal status. It is already possible to judge public andmedia reaction.Book reviews in the mainstream media have been written mostly by representatives of Jewish organizations who would be unlikely to visit the occupied territories, and their primary criticism is that the book is anti-Israel. Two members of Congress have been publicly critical. Some reviews posted on /doc/471360111.html, called me “anti-Semitic,” and others accuse the book of “lies” and “distortions”.Out in the real world, however, the response has been overwhelmingly positive.课文词汇Palestine 巴勒斯坦Israel 以色列Israeli 以色列人lobby 游说Palestinian 巴勒斯坦人the Holy Land 圣地（指巴勒斯坦）apartheid 种族隔离anti-Semitic 反犹的参考译文卡特谈巴以问题有关巴勒斯坦的问题和以色列走向和平道路的问题在以色列人和许多其他民族引起激烈争论，但它在美国却是个例外。
英汉互译 第十单元重点词汇及句子
旅游资料
重点单词学习 P261
Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫 Globe [ɡləʊb] Theatre ['θɪətə(r)] 全球剧场 Mrs. Thatcher ['θætʃə(r)]撒切尔夫人（英国前 首相） Chinese Cantonese [ˌkæntə‘niːz] 广东话 Mandarin [‘ is a small Chinatown at the heart of the theatre and cinema district in Soho.
在索霍的影剧院区域中心有一个小小的中 国城（唐人街）。
P272
据科学工作者考察，这里的山体系石灰岩 地质，黄龙景观实为岩溶地貌。 Scientific investigation prove 证明that the mountains here are of a limestone [‘laɪmstəʊn] 石灰石composition组成, and that the Yellow Dragon is actually a geological [ˌdʒiːə’lɒdʒɪkl]地 质学的 formation unique to a karst [kɑːst] [地] 喀斯特（石灰岩地区常见的地形） region.
那里有仅次于南美洲的最大最靓丽的街道 狂欢节庆祝活动，但也有歹徒、吸毒和种 族歧视现象。
P271
山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名“黄 龙古寺”。 On the top the hill stands the remains of the Huanglong Monastery [‘mɒnəstri] 修道院, a Taoist retreat [rɪ’triːt] 隐居地
自考英语笔译教材Lesson 10 ex
翻译技法：短语 翻译技法： 转译为形容词 6
翻译技法： 翻译技法：介词转 译成动词
翻译技法： 翻译技法：动词转 1107英汉 英汉 译成名词
After a period of dramatic shifts in economic policy, China has decided on a stable and promising economic course. It is aimed at adjusting the pace of modernization to China’s resource capabilities and its goal of major increases in employment, providing incentives for agricultural and industrial productivity; strengthening light, labor intensive industries, using technology to modernize and promote the technological transformation of existing industries; and removing bottlenecks imposed by energy and transportation constraints.
Lesson 10 exercise
9
2005/4 改译题 原文： 原文： I believe Chinese economic authorities recognize the problem and the next Five-Year Plan will address it effectively. 译文：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题， 译文：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题，在下 五年计划中会有效地提到它 一个五年计划中会有效地提到 一个五年计划中会有效地提到它。 改译：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题， 改译：我相信中国经济管理部门已认识到这个问题，在下 五年计划有效地克服这一问题 一个五年计划有效地克服这一问题。 一个五年计划有效地克服这一问题。
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向 )第十章 新闻翻译
了 ) 。用现在分词来表示正在进行或发生的事，
省略了助动词。如：Deposits，loans rising in
HK( 存贷款额在港回升 ) 英语新闻中现在时的
广泛使用，造成事件正在进行中的效果．给人 以真实感．无论是标题还是正文都常常采用现 在时代替过去时。另外，甚至在 said 、 told 、 reposed、added等动词过去时后面的that宾语
由于小词的词义范畴很宽．一般比较生动灵活。新闻英语
称这类词为synonyms of all work (万能同义词)，如back(支 持)、ban(禁止)等。此外，为了节省时间和篇幅，英语新闻
中还大量使用缩略语， 比如WB (world bank 世界银行)、
ASP (American selling price美国销售价)、biz(business商
首先体现在新词新义方面。报纸杂志往往是最早
出现新词的地方。如：现代都市知识青年们 (yuppies ，雅皮士 ) 都喜欢 “ 玩 ” 这个词： “ 玩计算 机learn to use a computer)”、“玩文学(to enjoy literary works)” 、 “ 玩 外 语 (to learn a foreign
approach(更有节制，花钱更有效的搞法)等。
1.1.4 套语
新闻报道中经常使用一些约定俗成的套语，例如： well-informed source （ 消 息 灵 通 人 士 ） ； no comments(无可奉告)；quoted as saying (引自某人
的话)；according to sources concerned（据有关方
话，它通常提纲挈领地点明该条新闻的主要内容（即who， what, when, where, why or how）。正文部分则对整个 事件作进一步的详细说明，在先后排列顺序上，一般是 比较重要的内容在前，较次要的在后，即形成一种倒金 字塔形的结构（the inverted pyramid form）。
chapter 10翻译教程
Example：
• The County Scho but a break through in educational development. 这所县学校不会成为一潭死水，它在教育发展中有所突破。 •
让我们在接下来的五年里开始新的长征，沿着不同路 线达到同一目标。
columns of legs and trunks.
I suddenly came upon a wall of feeding elephants.--from Rescue of A Newborn • 一边顺风共驶,一边修建桥梁, 是对未来中欧新型伙伴 关系的最生动描述。
Original metaphors
Example:
• the rise
and fall of human empire---time
人类帝国的兴衰。
• 我们国家这么大,情况千差万别,困难和矛盾不少， 相当好这个家不容易。---space • catch her name ----记住她的名字 • branches of government---政府的分支
• They are the ones created or quoted by the SL writer.
a) contain a core of important writer’s message, his personality and his comment on life. b) such metaphors are a source of enrichment for the target language.
Example:
• Those who made large profits out illegally selling rationed goods during World War II were fishing in troubled waters.
Unit10 句子翻译
Unit10 句子翻译1. The teacher is very young but she’s very good at motivating herstudents.2. The motivation for the decision is to improve our service to ourcustomers.3. In many sports, physical fitness is not as important as technique.4. The kangaroo is a native animal of Australia5. To speak English fluently, you’d better read more English articles.6. I felt a great sense of achievement when I reached the top of themountain7. The concert had to be put off because the mail singer was ill.8. Do you know what percentage of the earth is covered by oceans?9. I can hardly exist on the wage I’m getting; there is no money forluxuries.10. Billions of stars twinkled in the sky.11. They have no intending of getting married at present.12. A variety of food is sold at a supermarket.13. I expect to find aliens on other planets.14. Everyone bowed as the Queen walked into the room.15. The snow ball caught the passer-by on the shoulder.16. His speech was frequently interrupted by stormy applause.17. Many English words derive from Latin and Greek.18. The Roman arena was very famous in the world.19. Our team defeated our opponent by 5:020. His achievements earned him respect and admiration.21. The wallet was just under his nose, but he didn’t see it.22. Many people are out of work during the financial crisis.23. I must admit that maps obsess me.24. Demand determines supply.25. Children had an enjoyable time by the seaside.26. I picked up the book in a second-hand bookstore yesterday.27. His resignation concerns them all.28. It is natural that such a hard-working student should pass the exam.29. Freshmen often fail to find the way to the dormitory or library.30. I’m pleased you decide to come.31. He gave away most of his fortune to the poor.32. Are you aware that you are stepping on my foot?33. He said he had dropped out, and won’t attend college any more.34. Steve Jobs used to be one of the most powerful businessmen.35. Please warm up the milk over the stove.36. There were a lot of drunk driver on the roads on Saturday nights.37. A good journalists must have a good nose for a story.38. Scrooge is a greedy merchant in A Christmas Carol.39. I like to eat popcorn when I am watching TV plays at home.40. Cigarette advertising should be banned.41. She made a resolution to visit her relatives more often.42. It’s very rude of her to leave without telling us.43. Linda settled down in her armchair to read a new novel.44. Let’s roll back the carpet and have a dance.45. Flowers in the vase are lilies and roses.46. These toys are a real bargain at such low prices.47. I have no cash on me. Can I pay you later?48. With the help of this machine, we can make a new product.49. I was on vacation last week and didn’t receive your fax.50. She wrapped a scarf around her neck.51. The man gave his wife a necklace as an anniversary gift.52. They are enthusiastic admirers of the movie star.53. He is ashamed of his shameful conduct.54. You must always build on firm ground.55. The erosion of the coastline by the sea was ignored by people.56. The result of the interview is of great importance to that young man.57. A vast expanse of golden crops lay before us.58. He refused to answer when the economy would begin to improve.59. I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings of the two words.60. The view of this valley is beautiful.61. Sichuan is the homeland of pandas.62. Everyone must be loyal to his motherland.63. Please behave yourself well before the guests.64. I signed to him to keep away, but he continued to advance.65. There were only three of us on the advanced course.66. Our English software is an interactive educational software.67. A bottle opener is a kitchen gadget.68. Practical experience is often very important.69. Can an iPad replace a laptop on a business trip?70. It is said that 650 million mobile phones have been sold this year.71. The boy is determined to stop playing video games.72. My uncle bought me a pair of headphones with a voice transmitterattached.73. The rope was not strong enough , so we used wire.74. I like to have a bath in a warm bath.75. This was a signal for him to continue.76. I’m old enough to have the freedom to do as I like.77. Photography is not taught in our college.78. You can pay by credit card in this store.79. This washing machine is fully automatic.80. XinwenLianbo is expected to get a new focus in the makeover.81. Flashes are not allowed to use in this museum.82. The bus was packed with noisy schoolchildren.83. The customer will go to law for the bad service.84. I used to work as a cleaner in a hospital.85. The boys made away with the contents of the refrigerator.86. This poem is a translation from Chinese.87. BYD company has made a new type of electric car.88. Put the kettle on, and I’d like a cup of tea.89. She contacted me as soon as she arrived.90. Incredibly , it was six months before I realized what was going on.91. She didn’t let anyone know what she truly felt.92. This is the standard textbook on the subject.93. I have some very important documents on this flash disk.94. His assistant replaced him as leader.。
综合英语第十单元翻译
Unit 10Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.它们不辨身份，不分阶级：唯一的标签就是美国。
2. 一到美国，Levi 就发现，他的两个兄弟所说的那些“遍地机会，生计容易”言过其实。
3. Levi’s牛仔裤被引入东部显然是在20世纪30年代去西部牧场度假的热潮中开始的，当时许多度假回来的东部人口口相传，宣传了这种打着铆钉的神奇裤子。
4. 这些裤子演变成了一种传统，同时还获得了自己独特的历史——以至于后来公司在旧金山设了一座博物馆。
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.1.He can’t enen draw a distinction between French and Spanish , not to say speaking them .2.In a craze for cultural relics un the 1990s , old chinaware , such as those handed down from the Ming and Qing Dynasties , were much sougut after by collectors .3.Despite the opposition of most of his advisors ,the general decided to take his chances on the battle and suffered a total defeat in the end .4.The Chinese nation has stood up to the vicissitudes of thousands of years and is now in the process of rejuvenation .5.I wish you would confine your talk to the facts rather than spread wordabout the biased report in that newspaper .6.The first thing he did atfer his arrival in paris was to convert all his money into euros .7. That Shakespearean play was tailored to the taste of the Chinese audience when it was put on the Chinese stage ,so much so that it was more like a Chinese play than an English one .8.You must abandon your native language for some time , if you really want to acquire a good compertence in English.。
UNIT 10 Profits of Praise课文翻译大学英语二
Unit10 Profits of PraiseAre we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems we are.It was the end of my exhausting first day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant. My cap had gone awry, my apron was stained, my feet ached. The loaded trays I carried felt heavier and heavier. Weary and discouraged, I didn't seem able to do anything right. As I made out a complicated check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times, I was ready to quit.Then the father smiled at me as he handed me my tip. "Well done," he said. "You've looked after us really well."Suddenly my tiredness vanished. I smiled back, and later, when the manager asked me how I'd liked my first day, I said, "Fine!" Those few words of praise had changed everything.Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit; we cannot flower and grow without it. And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.Why - when one word can bring such pleasure? A friend of mine who travels widely always tries to learn a little of the language of any place she visits. She's not much of a linguist, but she does know how to say one word - "beautiful" - in several languages. She can use it to a mother holding her baby, or to lonely salesman fishing out pictures of his family. The ability has earned her friends all over the world.It's strange how chary we are about praising. Perhaps it's because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully. Instead, we are embarrassed and shrug off the words we are really so glad to hear. Because of this defensive reaction, direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give. That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us indirectly, in a letter or passed on by a friend. When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn't more effort to relay pleasing and flattering comments.It's especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned. An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture, a cook for a perfect meal. But do you ever tell you laundry manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right? Do you ever praise your paper boy for getting the paper to you on time 365 days a year?Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresses - even housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, "What a tidy room"?Hardly anybody does. That's why housework is considered such a dreary grind. Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers; but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors. Shakespeare said, "Our praises are our wages." Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.Mothers know instinctively that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding. Still, we're not always as perceptive as we might be about applying the rule. One day I was criticizing my children for squabbling. "Can you never play peacefully?" I shouted. Susanna looked at me quizzically. "Of course we can," she said. "But you don't notice us when we do."Teachers agree about the value of praise. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students' compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them. "I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard," writes the teacher, "and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too."Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that any human being tends to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result. In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days. One group was consistently praised for its previous performance; another group was criticized; the third was ignored.Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically. Those who were criticized improved also, bus not so much. And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all. Interestingly the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise, but the less able children reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most. Yet the latter are the very youngsters who, in most schools, fail to get the pat on the back.To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effort - perhaps a quick phone call to pass on a compliment, or five minutes spent writing an appreciative letter. It is such a small investment - and yet consider the results it may produce. "I can live for two months on a good compliment," said Mark Twain.So, let's be alert to the small excellences around us - and comment on them. We will not only bring joy into other people's lives, but also, very often, added happiness into out own.我们是不是指责别人太快而表扬别人太慢呢？看来是的。
第10章__被动语态的翻译
Practice
The quality of our products has been greatly improved. Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, and only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed. Roger, you are wanted on the phone.
10.2.2 倒译成汉语的无主句 When the anthem had been played, the Congress began. 奏完国歌后，大会开始了。 You are hoped to do it more carefully. 希望你认真一点做。
The students should be enabled to develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way. 必须使学生在德育、智育、体育方面得到全 面发展。 Great strides have been taken in search of a cure, and preventative efforts have also been made. 治疗方面已大有进步，预防方面也做了很大 的努力。
The three machines can be controlled by a single operator. 这三台机器可以由一人单独操纵。 Problems should be resolved in good time. 问题应该及时加以解决。
10.1.2 顺译成主动句 1. 顺译成形式上是主动，意义上是被动的句 子 He was assassinated in a theater last night. 他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。 His leg was broken in an accident. 他的腿在一次事故中折断了。
Translation Unit 10词语的翻译II
(二)有些形象在中国人习以为常,在英 美人却很难理解; 有些形象两种语言都使用,但喻义却不 同. 为使译文读者理解无误,只好放弃原文 形象,只译其喻义.
况锦衣玉食者未必能安于荆钗布裙也.(沈白 《浮生六记》) Besides, one who is used to beautiful dresses and nice food like her will hardly be satisfied with the lot of a poor housewife.(Tr.Lin Yutang) "锦,玉"象征富贵美好,并非实指,以"玉" 修饰"食",是一种比喻用法,英美人对jade food会很费解,因此只须译其义的主妇,保留原文 形象只会给读者冗长拖沓,稀奇古怪之感,也 只好意译.
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2.天色向晚,东山月上,皎皎如同白日. 长江一带,如横素练. When dusk fell, the moon rose over the eastern hills making all as bright as day.The Yangtze under the moonlight seemed a length of white silk.
Unit ten
词语的翻译II 词语的翻译II
抽象性词语, 第三节 抽象性词语,形象性 词语及拟声词的英译处理
形象与抽象是两个相互对立,相互依存 的概念. 翻译时,既可保留其原有个性,也可使 其相互转化. 拟声词语也可视为形象性词语,其译法 也基本遵循上述原则.
一,抽象性词语的英译
汉英两种语言中,都有相当数量的抽象词语 如雄辩,民主,贸易保护主义,权威,可行性, 首创精神等 见于英语分别是eloquence,democracy, eloquence democracy trade protectionism,authority, feasibility,initiative 很多情况下,只须将汉语抽象词语译成其英语 对应词即可.
英语翻译基础 第十单元
第十章一．单选题1. How can I help them to understand when they won’t listen to me？较好的译文是（）（A）我怎么能帮他们了解呢，这个时候他们连我的话都听不进去。
（B）当他们不听我的话的时候，我怎能帮助他们？（C）他们连我的话都听不进去，我怎么才能帮助他们了解这一切呢？2. We had to put the meeting off since so many people were absent. 较好的译文是（）（A）（由于）很多人没来，会议只好延期。
（B）我们不得不推迟会议，因为那么多人没到。
（C）人没来，所以会议终止。
3. It was better in case they were captured.译为：“要是把他们捉到，那就更好了。
”是（）状语从句的翻译。
（A）原因（B）结果（C）条件4. Wherever we are on earth, we are surrounded by air. We live in air. 译为：“无论我们身处何地，我们总是被空气包围者，我们生活在空气中。
”是（）状语从句的翻译。
（A）原因（B）让步（C）条件5. It is so happened that he did not receive my invitation. 译为：“真巧他没收到我的请柬。
”是（）状语从句的翻译。
（A）原因（B）结果（C）条件6. We held a meeting so that we might discuss the matter thoroughly. 译为：“为了把这事彻底讨论一下，我们开了个会。
”是（）状语从句的翻译。
（A）原因（B）结果（C）目的7. His handwriting is not as good as yours. 译为：“他的书法不如你的好。
”是（）状语从句的翻译。
（A）原因（B）结果（C）比较8. He was more successful than we had expected. 译为：“他比我们想象的成功。
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10.1 被动句的翻译
B. 在英语被动句中，施事，即“动作的执行 者”常被省略，在译成汉语时，常须补上。
At one time it was thought that the earth is the center of the universe.
译文：至少五百万美国人正在接受糖尿病的治 疗，而还有五百万人在他们的一生中迟早会患 此病。
10.1 被动句的翻译
D. 变句中状语为主语译成汉语主动句。 Table tennis is played all over China. 译文：中国到处打乒乓球。 English is spoken in Britain, the US, and
10.1 被动句的翻译
The murderer was arrested by the police. 译文：凶手被警察抓住了。 The reform and open policy is supported by
事译成汉语句子的主语。 A new way of displaying time has been
given by electronics. 译文：电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方
法。
10.1 被动句的翻译
Your name has been recommended to us by the Chinese Consul stationed in your city as large exporter of Electric Appliances goods produced in America.
corruption. 译文： ( )必须采取有力措施防止腐败问题。 No signal is detected. 译文： ( )没有检测到信号。
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.4 译成汉语被动句 当英语被动句在语义上着重谓语动词本身的意
义，强调被动的动作时，可用汉语的被动结构 来翻译。此时,原文句子的主语一般仍译作主 语，在谓语动词前加“被、给、叫、遭、受、 由、用、靠”等，或用“为…所、加以、予以 、得到”来表示被动意义。
译文：他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有 完全消除。
10.1 被动句的翻译
At least five million Americans are being treated for diabetes, and another five million will develop it sometime in their lives.
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英汉笔译基础教程
Basics of English to Chinese Translation第十章 句子翻译（二）
由于英汉语言习惯、思维方式的差异，英语 有些句子结构在理解时容易出错，翻译成汉 语时如果不从技巧上加以处理，容易残留翻 译腔，以致译文不地道，难以令人接受。
本章探讨其中三类英语句子结构的翻译方法 ：被动句、否定句和比较结构。
10.1 被动句的翻译
Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down.
译文：时间沙滩上的足迹不是坐出来的。/千 秋功业非坐而可得。
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.3 译成汉语无主句 英语和汉语中都存在这样一种情况：有时可
第十章 句子翻译（二）
10.1 被动句的翻译 10.2 否定句的翻译 10.3 比较结构的翻译
10.1 被动句的翻译
英语是形合语言，注重形态变化，如果主语是 受事，句子必须用被动语态。因此，英语里被 动句的应用相当广泛。
而汉语被动句的使用范围相当狭窄。句型注重 内在的逻辑关系而不是形式的变化。如果汉译 时被动句用多了，就会显得别扭。
因此，翻译时要根据英汉形合意合的差异灵活 采用恰当的方法来处理。
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.1 译成汉语主动句 10.1.2 译成汉语判断句 10.1.3 译成汉语无主句 10.1.4 译成汉语被动句
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.1 译成汉语主动句 A. 英语句子的受事主语译成宾语，by后的施
some other countries. 译文：英国、美国和其他一些国家讲英语。
10.1 被动句的翻译
10.1.2 译成汉语判断句 汉语中常用“是…的”这一句式来说明人和事物
的客观情况。在翻译实践中，一般将英语中用来 说明客观情况的被动句转译成汉语的这一句式。 The Alps were formed this way when Africa bashed into Europe 130 million years ago. 译文：阿尔卑斯山脉就是这样在一亿三千万年前 非洲猛烈撞上欧洲时形成的。
能无从说出动作的执行者，或没有必要说出 动作的实行者。遇到这种情况，英语用被动 句，汉语用无主句。这种句型虽然没有形式 上的主语，但在不同的语言环境中都能表达 完整而明确的意义。这种方法经常用来翻译 英语句子中不带by短语并且含有情态动词的 句子。
10.1 被动句的翻译
They can't be allowed to do that. 译文：( )不能听任他们那样做。 Strong measures should be taken to prevent
译文：人们曾经认为地球是宇宙的中心。
10.1 被动句的翻译
Your early reply will be highly appreciated. 译文：如你方能早日回信，我们将非常感激。
10.1 被动句的翻译
C. 保留原文主语，译成汉语主动句。
The sense of inferiority that he acquired when he was a child has never been totally eradicated.