英语构词法之合成法与混成法

广告统计学:advertising + statistiacdsv=ertistics
经济滞胀:stagnation + 雾霾: smionkfleat+iofno=g smog
stagflation
=
Structure 2
The sitcom Growing Pains is quite popular in America.
例如：
news broadcast → newscast 新闻广播
television broadcast → telecast 电视播送
smoke and fog → smog 烟雾
photo and graphy → photography摄影，摄影术
The structures of blending
head + word
Structure 4
劳动福利 workfar=e work + welfare 冗长的谈话 talkatho=ntalk + marathon 流动书店bookmobi=lebook + automobile
word + tail
Conclusion
➢Blending is a very productive process and many coinages resulting from blending have become wellestablished. Moreover, they even serve as models for new formations (hamburger → beefburger, cheeseburger, etc.).
chunnel (水底隧道)= channel + tunnel
head
tail
Structure 1
automobile + suicide = autocide
slum + suburb = slurb channel + tunnel = chunnel
head + tail
狮虎兽： lion + tiger=liger
合成名词 Noun compounds
方式
名词+名词 形容词+名词 动名词+名词 动词+名词 副词+名词 代词+名词 名词+介词+名词 动词+副词 副词+动词
例词
football, notebook, seafood, hand-book... blackboard, first-class, green house… waiting-room, writing-desk, sleeping bag.. pickpocket, turn-coat, sleepwalker… income, overcoat, inland… he-goat, she-wolf… father-in-law, editor-in-chief… take-off, breakup, breakdown… output, download, overflow…
head
tail
The black woman supported her big family to live in the slurb where far away from the center.
slurb (美.市郊贫民区)= slum + suburb
head
tail
The chunnel beneath the English Channel, put into service in 1994, linked England and France.
head
head
Structure 2
situation + comedy= sitcom
teleprinter + exchange = telex
head + head
communication + satellite = comsat
Structure 3
医疗救助medica= medical + 汽车野营idautocaaid= automobile + 欧亚 Eurmaspia= Eurcoapmep+ Asia
➢The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns; very few are verbs and adjectives are even fewer. The few verbs are: telecast (from television + broadcast), guestimate (from guess + estimate), and breathalyse (from breath + analyse).
刷白
快速充电 列入黑名单 虐待
blow-dry, spin-dry…
吹干
甩干
合成形容词 Adjective compounds
构成 方式
例词
过去分词或-ed词尾 kind-hearted, middle-aged, new-born
-ing词尾
好心的
中年的
新生
g的ood-looking, easy-going, man-eating
合成动词 Verb compounds
构成方式
名词+动词 副词+动词 形容词+副词 其它方式
例词
sleepwalk, waterski, daydream, sunbathe…
梦游
滑水 做白日梦 沐日光浴
overcome, overeat, upload, uphold…
克服
吃太多 上传 维护
whitewash, quick-charge, blacklist, ill-treat…
Characteristics
to distinguish a compound from a free phrase:
➢Semantic Features(语义学标准): a compound has it own semantic features, rather than the meaning combination of each word.
结论
混成法构词兼具合成法与截略法两大构词特 点，同时它正以最经济的空间和速度来汇集， 传递尽可能多的自然科学、社会科学以及日 常生活等方面的时代信息，它的出现是各种 现代语言的普遍现象，已为人们普遍接受和 运用。
Thank you
合成法
compounding
Compounding
➢ Concept
➢ Characterist ics
➢ Formation
Concept
将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新
词的构词法称为合成法。
Compounding: a process by which a compound lexeme is derived from two or more simpler lexemes.
sitcom(情景喜剧) = situation + comedy
head
head
These stations would hold a private key that
let them recognize tagged connections from
telex clients. telex (电传)= teleprinter + exchanger
形+名或名+形
好看的
随和的
吃人的
full-time, first-class, ice-cold, brand-new
其它方式
全职的 头等的 冰冷的 全新的 two-hour, out-door, up-hill, see-through 两小时的 户外的 上山的 透明的
合成副词和合成代词
Adverb compounds and Pronoun compounds
构成方式 例词
empty-handed, single-handed, sideways
合
成
空手地
单枪匹马地 向一边
副
however, anywhere, downstairs
词
然而 任何地方 往楼下
myself, himself, ourselves
合 成
我自己 他自己 我们自己
代
someone, anybody, nothing, everyone
➢ Phonological Features（音位学标准）: compounds have a high or unity stress in the first component.
E.g.
compounds
'bluebird
'blackboard
…
phrases a blue 'bird a black 'board
Structure 1 More and more police and traffic experts believe that " autocide " is an important cause of traffic death.
autocide (撞车自杀 )= automobile + suicide
词 某人 任何人 没事 每个人
Word Formation: Blending
混成法
Blending
The meaning of blending
blends or portmanteau words
混成法（Blending）定义
混成法：也叫混合法或拼缀法,是把两个词合在一起,
其中至少有一个词失去部分音节或字母,新词的意 义是它组成成分意义的融合或叠加。
E.g. greenhouse vs. green house
➢Orthographic Features（正字法标准）: Compounds are written in various ways.
E.g. a. Solid(字间不留空的): bedroom, newspaper, horseback; b. Hyphenated(用连字符连接的): part-time, good-looking; c. Open(字间留空的): ai源自文库 force, air raid, black list, black sea
…
➢ Grammatical Features（语法特征）: compounds have their own grammatical features.
e.g. v.+ n. breakwater n.; n + -ed homemade adj. ; adj + -ed newborn adj.
扬声器 loudspeaker rather than louder speaker
Formation
➢合成名词 (Noun compounds) ➢合成动词(Verb compounds) ➢合成形容词(Adjective compounds) ➢合成副词和合成代词
(Adverb compounds and Pronoun compounds)
head
head
With the help of comsat, Google Map could captured every details of the environment to an extreme degree.
comsat (卫星通讯)= communication + satellite