高考高中定语从句知识点汇总

定语从句知识点汇总

一、先行词

二、关系词

1.关系代词：

2.关系副词：

三、分类

1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略

2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开

3.区别：

4.非限制性定语从句的特殊情况

4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同

There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China.

There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China.

5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句

四、关系词的用法

1.which,that

which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语

that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换

2.who,whom

从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替

In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.

先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。

3.whose

表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时，

whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词

The house whose windows face south is ours.

The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours.

4.as

作为关系代词可指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。

一般用于such...as 、the same...as 、as...as结构中，表示“像”的意思

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.

They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.

He is not the same man as he was.

4.1the same...as/that...和such...as/that

①the same...as/that...

as引导的定语从句往往侧重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought.

that引导的定语从句侧重指同一个对象：I met the same person that I saw that day.

②such...as/that

as引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，宾语等：Peter is not such an intelligent person as you think.

that引导结果状语从句，在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.

4.2 as和which的区别

①④⑤⑥⑦⑧都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换

②as引导的从句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而which只能位于主句之后

③当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是复合宾语结构时，用which来引导

He criticized Mary in public,which she doesn’t like at all.

He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy.

④先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常用as不用which；如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语

She passed the exam, as was expected.

Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy.

⑤当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，通常用which不用as

Tom was late for work again and again,which made his boss very angry.

⑥固定搭配：

as we know/as is known to all

as we all can see

as has been said before/above

as might be expected

as is often the case

⑦在从句中作介词宾语时，只能用which

She might possibly come,in which case I’ll tell you.

5.只用that不用which

5.1 当先行词是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。

5.2当先行词被the only,the last,the very等修饰时。

5.3当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

5.4当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

5.5当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。

5.6当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

5.7当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：Jack is not the man that he was.

5.8当主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。

6.只用which不用that

6.1关系代词前有介词。

6.2在非限制性定语从句中。

6.3先行词本身是that,those（指物）或双重定语从句中其中一个已用关系代词that时。6.4先行词后有插入语时。

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