论中西饮食文化之差异 英语4000字
中西方饮食文化英语作文
中西方饮食文化英语作文English:Food culture plays a significant role in both Western and Eastern societies, reflecting their unique traditions, values, and beliefs. In Western cuisine, there is a strong emphasis on individualism and diversity, with popular dishes like hamburgers, pizza, and steak representing the melting pot of cultures. On the other hand, Eastern cuisine, such as Chinese, Japanese, and Indian food, often focuses on balance, harmony, and the use of fresh ingredients. Traditional Chinese meals, for example, typically consist of a variety of dishes served family-style to be shared among everyone at the table, emphasizing the importance of communal dining. Additionally, food preparation methods in the East tend to be more labor-intensive, with techniques like stir-frying, steaming, and slow cooking being common practices. In contrast, Western cooking often involves processes like baking, grilling, and roasting. Despite these differences, food serves as a unifying element in both cultures, bringing people together to celebrate special occasions, express love and gratitude, and pass down recipes through generations.中文翻译:食物文化在西方和东方社会中都起着重要的作用，反映了它们独特的传统、价值观和信仰。
跨文化交际论文中外饮食文化差异（英文）
Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 1 IntroductionAs the economy and culture developing rapidly, having dinner is not only for people basic physical need, but also the important skill in social communication. Good manners and courtesy have become increasingly common understanding of the public. With the deepening of reform and opening up policy in China and the strengthening of communication between China and West, people have a great number of opportunities to have dinner with foreigners. A lot of table manners, such as arriving time, seat arrangement, and order of serving dishes, tableware, behaviour and communication, reflect different culture and life-style in nations or countries. There are many differences of table manners between China and western countries.It is extremely important for people to understand these differences to avoid making mistakes and promote the development of humanity culture and achieve interpersonal harmony in both countries.1Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 2 Literature ReviewIt is a common sense that different countries have different cultures. Table manners, as a kind of social customs, are deeply influenced by culture and vary in many different kinds of areas. China has characteristic table manners with a long history, and western countries also have their own table manners. To some degree, having good table manners is a symbol of a nation’s civilization and an expression of a person’s moral cultivation.2Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 3 Cultural Differences of Table Manners3.1 Arriving TimeAs we all know that Chinese people often arrive half an hour later than the predicted time and the host also seems to have prepares for that. When they are waiting for other guests, the host always arranges some games so that the guests who come earlier would not feel boring. While in western countries, people do things strictly and all the activities begin on time. People should arrive at the party on time especially the formal banquets. It is considered as impolite and contempt for the host and other guests if one arrives 10 minutes later.3.2 Seat ArrangementIn Chinese table manners, seating arrangement is the most important part. The seat of honor, reserved for the banquet’s master or the highest status’s guest, is in the center facing east or facing the door. And the other higher position guests sit closer tothe master of the banquet. The lowest position guests sit furthest from the seat of honor. If it is a round table, the one facing the door is the guest of honor. The seats on the left hand are second, and then in turn fourth and sixth and so on. The guests on the right hand are the same.While in western countries, it is different. When the hostess announced dinner is ready, male host will lead guests to the table in turn, and the hostess walks behind them. Some host will also place name card on the table to show the seat.3.3 Order of Serving DishesChinese meals usually begin with appetizers. There are often four or five kinds of appetizers, such as, cold meats, preserved eggs, smoked fish and vegetable relishes. All these food are arranged beautifully on separate dishes or on one large platter. Then the hot food should be served. There is an important rule to serve the whole duck, chicken and fish, which is don’t put the head and tail to the major seat. After the hot dishes, then comes the main course, rice. At last, desserts and fruits are provided to help digestion.In western countries, the first dish is appetizer as well. The second dish is soup. The third dish is fish dish. Meat and poultry dishes is the fourth dish, which also known as the main course. And the most representative is beef and steak. Salad can be a kind of side dish, which can be arranged either after or with the meat dish. The sixth dish is dessert, such as pudding, ice cream, cheese, fruit and so on. The final drink is coffee with cream or tea with sugar.3Differences of Table Manners between China and West3.4 TablewareChinese people mainly use bowl, chopsticks and spoons. Chopsticks are the most important tableware in China. While in serving English meals, they use so much tablewares with different kinds and sizes. There are different kinds of glasses, spoons, plates, bowls and knives. The main tablewares in western are knives, forks, spoons, glass and napkin.3.5 Behaviour and CommunicationWhen on the dinner table, Chinese people talked a lot and enjoy the delicious food at the same time, which means the hospitality and sincere of hostess. Because they believe that the lively atmosphere on the dinner table reflects the cheerful of guests and the warmth of family. While in western, during the dinner, people talked little and cut their own food in the plate quietly.4Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 4 Main Factors Causing the Differences4.1 GeographyThe geographical location and the environment lead to the differences between Chinese and western cultures. People in different places will have differentbehaviours and cultures.4.2 TraditionWith thousands of years of Chinese traditional culture, we believe that we should take care of others and cooperate with others. Chinese people use cheap chopsticks as tableware which can reflect Chinese collective consciousness. In the book Culture on Dinner Table, Mr. Yi Zhongtian said that the core thought of Chinese culture is group consciousness while the western core thought is individual consciousness. The western culture, to be self-centered, the boundary between people is very clear and they usually do not allow mutual interference. That makes western table manners without sharing a plate of food. Knife and fork also can reflect individual consciousness, and noble west of life.4.3 CustomPeople from different countries have different cultures and customs, especially in the aspects such as greeting, thanks, apology, flattery, and making telephone calls. When Chinese invited guests to have dinner, the host always picks food for guests and tries his best to make guests eat and drink more. While in western countries, the host would just let their guests help themselves and they would never carry food to their guest’s bowl.5Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 5 Trend of SyncretismNowadays, an increasing number of western restaurants appear in many cities in China and an increasing number of people like to have meals in it. People have gradually learned western table manners in their daily life. It is obvious that the Chinese diet conception is sensible, and the western diet idea is rational. Now, the difference seems to become blurred with the strengthening of communication between China and West and the development of science. Instead of paying attention to the color, flavor and taste of the food, Chinese people, like the westerners, pay more attention to its health and nutrition. This dissemination and development of western style food has unavoidably made great influence on Chinese food and beverage industry, which made Chinese style food trade change in the aspects of managing concept, management mode, productive means, personnel cultivation and so on.6Differences of Table Manners between China and WestChapter 6 ConclusionSocial background, historical and cultural differences lead to the differences between Chinese and Western table manners. To some extent, table manner is a reflection of the kind of lifestyle, and the formation of habits which can not be obtained in a short period of time. It is actually a kind of historical and cultural sedimentation and extension. Knowing the differences, people can easily understandthe culture of each other. In face of these differences, we should comprehend and respect their habits and culture and remember that every culture is equal to the other. Only recognizing cultural differences between China and West and making a reasonable and effective integration, can we establish a social cultural etiquette system of contemporary China and reach the ideal harmonious society.7Differences of Table Manners between China and WestReferences[1] 易中天. 餐桌上的文化[J]. 当代学生, 2004(10).[2] 杨柳,田丹丹,苑富山. 中美餐桌礼仪刍议[J]. 从餐桌礼仪看中西文化差异[J]. 硅谷, 2008(18).8。
英文一日三餐作文,中西饮食文化差异
英文一日三餐作文,中西饮食文化差异Differences Between Chinese and Western Food CulturesFood is an essential part of every culture around the world. In both Chinese and Western cultures, food plays a significant role in daily life and social gatherings. However, there are distinct differences between the two in terms of ingredients, cooking methods, and eating habits. In this essay, we will explore the differences between Chinese and Western food cultures, focusing on their daily meals.1. Three Meals a DayIn Western countries, three meals a day typically consist of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Breakfast is usually a light meal that includes dishes like cereal, toast, or eggs. Lunch is often quick and simple, such as a sandwich or salad, eaten on the go. Dinner is the largest meal of the day, with options ranging from meat and potatoes to pasta and vegetables.In Chinese culture, three main meals are consumed throughout the day as well, but the timing and composition of these meals differ. Breakfast in China is not as elaborate as in Western countries and often includes dishes like congee (rice porridge) or steamed buns. Lunch is the main meal of the day,with multiple dishes served family-style. Dinner tends to be lighter, with a focus on soups and stir-fried dishes.2. IngredientsOne of the most prominent differences between Chinese and Western cuisine is the ingredients used in cooking. In Western cooking, ingredients like meat, dairy, and grains are commonly used, resulting in hearty and rich dishes. On the other hand, Chinese cuisine utilizes a variety of fresh vegetables, seafood, and tofu, creating dishes that are lighter and more nutritious.Western cuisine often includes dairy products like cheese and butter, which are rarely found in Chinese cooking. Chinese cuisine, on the other hand, makes extensive use of soy sauce, vinegar, and spices like ginger and garlic to season dishes. The use of different ingredients in Chinese and Western cuisine contributes to the distinct flavors and textures of their respective dishes.3. Cooking MethodsThe cooking methods used in Chinese and Western cuisine also differ significantly. Western cooking methods tend to include grilling, roasting, and baking, resulting in dishes that arecrispy and flavorful. In contrast, Chinese cuisine often involves stir-frying, steaming, and braising, creating dishes that are tender and juicy.In Western countries, there is a strong emphasis on presentation and plating, with dishes arranged meticulously on the plate. Chinese cuisine, on the other hand, focuses more on the balance of flavors and textures, with an emphasis on harmony and contrast in dishes.4. Eating HabitsAnother key difference between Chinese and Western food cultures is eating habits. In Western countries, it is common to eat quickly and on the go, with meals often consumed in front of the television or computer. In Chinese culture, meals are typically enjoyed with family and friends, with an emphasis on sharing and communal dining.In Chinese culture, it is customary to serve a variety of dishes during a meal, allowing diners to sample different flavors and textures. In Western countries, individual portion sizes are more common, with each person having their own plate of food.In conclusion, Chinese and Western food cultures have distinct differences in terms of ingredients, cooking methods,and eating habits. Despite these differences, both cultures share a deep appreciation for food and the role it plays in bringing people together. By understanding and appreciating these differences, we can gain a greater appreciation for the diverse culinary traditions that exist around the world.。
中西饮食礼仪 英文作文
中西饮食礼仪英文作文英文：When it comes to dining etiquette, there are some differences between Western and Chinese cultures. In Western culture, it is common to use utensils such as knives, forks, and spoons to eat, while in Chinese culture, chopsticks are the primary utensil.In Western culture, it is considered rude to talk with your mouth full or to reach across the table for food. It is also important to wait until everyone is served before starting to eat. In Chinese culture, it is polite to take food from the serving dishes and place it onto your own plate before eating. It is also common to use a lazy Susan to share dishes with others at the table.Another difference is the way in which beverages are consumed. In Western culture, it is common to drink wine or other alcoholic beverages with meals, while in Chineseculture, tea is the beverage of choice. It is also customary to pour tea for others before pouring for yourself.Overall, both Western and Chinese cultures place a strong emphasis on dining etiquette and showing respect to others at the table.中文：在餐桌礼仪方面，西方文化和中国文化之间存在一些差异。
英语作文中外食物差异英语作文
英语作文中外食物差异英语作文English:When it comes to the differences between Western and Chinese food, there are several key distinctions that set them apart. One major difference is the use of ingredients. Western cuisine often incorporates dairy products like butter and cheese, as well as a variety of meats such as beef, pork, and poultry. On the other hand, Chinese cuisine relies heavily on fresh vegetables, rice, and noodles, with meat being used more sparingly as a flavor enhancer rather than the main attraction. Another difference is the seasoning and cooking methods. Western food tends to use more herbs, spices, and sauces to enhance flavors, while Chinese cuisine emphasizes the natural taste of the ingredients, using techniques like stir-frying, steaming, and braising. Additionally, portion sizes and dining customs differ between the two cultures. Western portions are typically larger, with each person having their own plate of food, while Chinese meals are typically served family-style with dishes shared among everyone at the table. Overall, while both Western and Chinese cuisines offer delicious and diverse options, theirdifferences lie in ingredients, seasonings, cooking methods, and dining customs.中文翻译:谈到西方和中国食物之间的差异，有几个关键的区别让它们彼此分开。
四级英语作文主题饮食文化差异
四级英语作文主题饮食文化差异英文回答：The culinary traditions of different cultures offer a fascinating glimpse into the diverse ways that humans have adapted to their environments and expressed their creativity. These traditions are shaped by a multitude of factors, including geography, climate, history, and religion, and they have profound implications for our health, well-being, and social interactions.One of the most striking differences between culinary cultures is the emphasis placed on certain ingredients. In some cultures, meat is the centerpiece of the meal, while in others, vegetables or grains play a more dominant role. In China, for example, rice is a staple food and is served with almost every meal, while in the United States, meat is often the main course and is accompanied by side dishes such as potatoes or vegetables.Another significant difference lies in the way that food is prepared. In some cultures, food is cooked over an open fire or in a traditional clay oven, while in others, it is cooked on a stovetop or in an oven. The cooking methods used can have a dramatic impact on the flavor and texture of the food. For example, grilling meat over an open fire can add a smoky flavor, while cooking it in a slow cooker can result in tender, fall-off-the-bone meat.The presentation of food also varies widely across cultures. In some cultures, food is arranged on plates in an elaborate and aesthetically pleasing manner, while in others, it is served in a more casual and utilitarian way. In Japan, for example, sushi is often served on a special plate with chopsticks and soy sauce, while in the United States, it is often served in a plastic container with disposable chopsticks.The social significance of food is another important aspect of culinary culture. In many cultures, food is a central part of social gatherings and celebrations. In China, for example, it is customary to share a meal withfriends and family on important occasions such as birthdays and holidays. In the United States, food is often served at tailgate parties, sporting events, and other social gatherings.The diversity of culinary cultures around the world is a testament to the human capacity for creativity and adaptation. By exploring different culinary traditions, we can learn about other cultures, broaden our palates, and appreciate the richness of human experience.中文回答：不同文化的饮食差异反映了人类适应环境和表达创造力的多样方式。
中外饮食文化冲突英语作文
中外饮食文化冲突英语作业从这几篇英语作文中，可以适当了解到中西饮食文化的巨大差异。
接下来跟随小编一起来看看吧。
中西饮食文化差异英语作文篇1The Food Culture Difference Between China and West Studying food cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject. It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives. It has special status in the Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west. As one of the world ancient nations, China’s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did.The differences in concepts, targets, patterns, attribution and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic.Differences in ConceptsChinese diet is a sense of beauty diet and pays attention to the "color, flavor, taste " regardless of the nutrition . Chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood”that is difficult for one to say anything. Evenusing the "color, flavor, shape and implement "which people often said to make the" realm "reification, is still difficult to crown all.中西饮食文化差异英语作文篇2The major differences of eating culture between the West and Chinaa.The use of tablewareAs we all know, chopsticks is our traditional tableware. We use chopsticks and spoon mostly and cups,plates,bowls and saucers are essential.The western use knife and fork.to eat..Their knifes can be divided into consumption knife, meat knife, friet knife, butter knife, fish knife and so on. The also have many kinds of forks like consumption fork, fish fork, and lobster fork.b.The way to cookChina has very rich kind of cooking methods, such as braising, quick boiling, scaling, stewing, gradual simmering, slow red cooking, steaming, decoction and so on, up to more than thirty kinds. Besides, the dishes cooked with these methods are numerous. That is why Chinese feel it is very interesting to cook, while the Westerners emphasize too much on scientific diet and the collocation of nutrition. They cook according to scientific disciplines all the time, which is mechanized and monotonous, therefore without any joy.c.The order of saving dishesIn a Chinese banquet cold dishes are the first served, next the hot dishes and the main course come with the following of soup, then follows the main food or desserts. Fruits often come the last. In a western banquet the serving order is different. The first course of Western dinner is appetizer. Appetizers have specific flavors, mainly salty or sour. They are few in amount but high in qualities. Different from Chinese dinners, the second course of Western dinner is soup. Western soup can be divided into four kinds, clear soup, cream soup, vegetable soup and cool soup which can be divided into more kinds. The third course of a Western dinner is non-stable dish. Usually, aquatic products, eggs, bread is called non-stable dish. The fourth course of Western dinner is the main course, which contains meat and bird species. The fifth course of Western dinner is dishes made of vegetables. Westerners often eat raw vegetables, so vegetables are often made into salad. The six course of Western dinner is dessert, such as pudding, pancakes, ice cream, cheese and fruits. The last course contains beverage, coffee or tea.中西饮食文化差异英语作文篇3The Western diet culture differenceWestern diet due to geographical characteristics, influence ofclimate factors such as environment, customs, appears in the ingredients, flavors, cooking methods, different degrees of differences in eating habits. It is because of these differences, diet has a strong regionalcharacter. Differences between Chinese and Western culture makes a difference of Chinese and Western food culture, and this difference from the West in ways of thinking and policy. Chinese focus on "Heaven", Westerners focus on "people-oriented".Nutrition and delicious(营养与美味)Due to West philosophy thought of different, Westerners Yu diet heavy science, heavy science is emphasizes nutrition, so Western diet to nutrition for highest guidelines, eating like for a bio of machine added fuel, special emphasizes food of nutrition components, protein, and fat, and carbohydrates, and vitamin and the various inorganic elements of content is match expedient, calories of supply is right, and these nutrition components is can for eating who full absorption, has no other side effects. Knowledge of these problems are cooking, and how color, fragrance and taste of the dishes, it is first requested. Sanhedrin Premier diet in Western countries--France, its food culture in many ways and weapproximate, but access to nutritional problems, will open the distance between the two sides.Five flavors mixed with the operation aimed at the pursuit of delicious cooking in China, during the processing of the hot frying and slow fire attack for a long time may cause destruction of the nutritional components of food. France is also the pursuit of delicious cooking, butat the same time not forgetting "nutrition" that premise, consistently delicious is that they do not care nutrition for the taking. Especially modern cooking trends occurred in the 1960 of the 20th century, with special emphasis on health, diet, to the pursuit of light oil, emphasized the use of fresh raw materials, stressed during the cooking process to maintain original nutrition and taste, so vegetables are eaten raw. So that the Western diet nutrition is universal。
商务英语毕业论文论中西方饮食文化差异
抚顺职业技术学院外语系毕业论文论中西饮食文化差异ON THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINESE AND WESTERNFOOD作者沈倩院系外语系专业商务英语年级 2009级班级 ________商务英语二班_学号 08指导教师贾荣武二零一一年十二月内容摘要摘要:饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。
台湾张起钧教授说过“古语说‘饮食男女人之大欲存焉’。
由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵，虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达，但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果，所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义。
通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。
关键词：饮食文化文化传统差异AbstractDiet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development. Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature. We study these differences andthen find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between China and the west. Taiwan Professor Zhang Qijun said, “The old saying, 'Eat, drink, man, woman who wishes greatly'. Thus the diet is rich in culture. Food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of Chinese and Western diet. By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west. And we can also improve and create the culture of ChinaKey Words：dietary, culturecultural, tradition differencesContentsPartI Introduction............................................................. . (5)Part II The differences in concepts (5)2.1 Cultural differences (6)2.2 Comparing with the Chinesediet, western diet tastes.....................Stereotyped (6)Part III Chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet (7)3.1 T his dish is "delicious"………................................................ .73.2 Differences in targets all diet cannot be done without............vegetables (8)Part IV Westerners do not seem to have such a good habit…........ .84.1 There are more meat dishes in western lives (8)PartV The cultural behaviors (10)5.1 The difference cultural behaviors in western and Chinese (10)5.2 Difference in Diet Attribution There are differences between.... .Chinese And western diet attribution (12)5.3 Differences in Dietary Patterns (13)PartVI Conclusion (14)Reference s (15)On The Cultural Differences Between Chinese AndWestern FoodPart I IntroductionOnce there is a saying that "Food is eating well-deserved for human life”, so food is an indispe nsable condition for the survival and development of human beings. . There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive; and another is the lust of men and women, which can help the mankind to carry on the family line. Facing the two desires, China pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter. Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend. Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet has special status in the Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west. As one of the world ancient nations, China’s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even not aware of it to the "heaven" degree. Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristicPart II The differences in conceptsTargets, patterns, attribution and naturead reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic;such characteristic hasenriched the research value of dietary culture2.1 cultural differencesWe can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject. It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.I. Differences in Concepts First, the Chinese and western diet have the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts. Nobody will deny that the Western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured. It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day.2.2 Comparing with the Chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotypedAs simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: We must eat them all because of the nutrition. And then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine. The concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy. Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy. Such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development. In some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere. In celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of rawmaterials. But no matter how luxurious the grade is; from Los Angeles to New York, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of. And as dishes, the chicken is chicken; steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish. In a dish of "French Muttonchops", one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato. Color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clearPart III Chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet3.1 This dish is "delicious"When people sample dishes, they often say this dish is "delicious", and that dish is "not delicious".But if you ask what is meant by "delicious", why "tasty" and what are the aspects of "delicious", I am afraid that it will be difficult to answer. This shows that which Chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything. Even using the "color, flavor, shape and implement "which people often said to make the" realm "reification, I am afraid it is still difficult to crown allIt contains a wealth of dialectics of Chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish. The ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of Chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of Chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of thechefs.3.2. Difference in targets all diet cannot be done without vegetablesThe word "dish" is for the sound in China, and it always has something to do with the plants. According to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west. In fact, the Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is usual food. Meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of "fresh vegetables". Mandarin language: "Common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the worship." It is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general, only being able to eat meat only in worship. Vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structure. Chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish; it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of Buddhists. They deem animals as "people" and plants have "no soul." So, they advocate vegetarianism Part IV Westerners do not seem to have such a good habitThey up hold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation. Living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement. There are more meat dishes in their lives.4.1 There are more meat dishes in western livesFeeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even Western medicine is derived from animals. When the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel thattheir diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than China. The food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition. Therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than Chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles; but Chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak. The differences between Chinese and western food for Westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified. Mr. Sun Yat-sen had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition. In his composing The Scheme for National Reconstruction, detailing the differences between Chinese and Western diet phenomenon, he concludes: "Chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal. Such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist.Therefore, the remote people in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life. Also China has a big population, and Chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet. “He added:" The Chinese vegetaria ns all eat tofu. Tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the nutrition that meat has. It is the meat without toxic materials. So the Chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars. It is also a custom that the European and American drink thick Wine, eat meat and fish. So there wasscience promotion before and a severe law later, such as the United States Prohibition. And the transfer will not carry out in a short time."Mr. Sun’s words tell out the scientif ic benefits of Chinese diet and disadvantages of Western diet. According to the characteristics of the significant differences between Chinese and Western diet targets, the Chinese character is called the plant character, while the Westerners’ is animal character.Part V the cultural behaviors5.1 The difference cultural behaviors in western and ChineseWesterners love adventure, exploration, conflict; but the Chinese people only like to live banallyAccording to American expert on folklore Ruth’s opinions o n the "cultural pattern" theory, Chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world Apollo-type character and Westerners’ is similar to the modern world Faust-type. Indeed, the Westerners such as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies. The Chinese people are always thinking about "home" and "roots", despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home. But after a few decades, the overseas Chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots. This concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet. Then it brings cohesiveness to the Chinese nation and then makes the humanfolk full of energy. Differences in Dietary Patterns The Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character. In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast. Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere. People toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things, also show the virtues of comity. Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national "happy" mentality, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of "and" impact for future generations. It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform.The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil. The core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation. If making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be said that the Chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like men and women dancing. This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious. The more obvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West. This method is to display all food, andeverybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat. They walk freely. This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals; they never need to put every word on the table. This also shows a western personality and self-respect. However, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people. Some people want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible. Zhang Qijun in the Principles of Cooking tells us the main reason: "First, buffet is not like drinking tea. it, it is cold yet. Chinese cuisine will serve hot, if cold, nothing to eat. Secondly, buffet dishes only can do hard dishes and beneficial dishes. Then you can access for large plots. And those most representative of the Chinese culinary arts, such as the tender and lighter dishes, are not in this show. Third, the buffet can do stewing pot; it means a big pot in terms of food. Any sophisticated cooking of a dish can only be cooked in a pot at two most, and it is not able to cook the dish for dozens of people. So it will not be delicious, never talking of the taste.Under such circumstances, it is clear that the use of buffet dinner will deny Chinese culinary arts. "The Chinese people are drinking around the table to show harmony and unity, but the buffet has broken such pattern.5.2. diffrence in Diet Attribution There are differences between Chinese and western diet attribution.Western diet tends to be scientific and rational, but the Chinese diettends to be art and sentimental. During the underdevelopment era of diet, these two trends have only one aim – to live and never be hungry.5.3. Differences in Dietary PatternsThe Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character. In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast. Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere.. It is the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate of communication Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national "happy" mentality, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of "and" impact for future generations. It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform. The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil. The core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation. This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious. Only the Chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighbors. The more obvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West. This method is to display all food, andeverybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat. They walk freely. This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals; they never need to put every word on the table. This also shows a western personality and self-respect.PartVI ConclusionHowever, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people. People want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible. Zhang Qijun in the Principles of Cooking tells us the main reason: "First, buffet is not like drinking tea. In the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures. Moreover, now China does more efforts to draw all the outstanding achievements in the World. China's reform and opening up policy create the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges. We need to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, to develop and create China's new culture.References1. 安静.解读美国[M]. 北京：中国旅游出版社，2007.2. 陈洁.得心应手---西餐礼仪[M].北京：世界知识出版社, 2005.3. 金炳镐.民族理论通论[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社,1994.4. 刘枋.吃的艺术[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2003.5. 刘玫君，陈加真.出国点菜不求人---别人不会告诉你的旅行智慧[M].北京:中国旅游出版社，2005.6. 马文.哈里斯(美).好吃:食物与文化之迷[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2001.7. 苏珊.罗德里格.亨特.巴黎:一席浮动的豪宴[M].北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2004.8. 唐鲁孙.天下味[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2004.9. 王晓昕,李学友.传统文化与道德建设[M].贵阳：贵州民族出版社,2004.10. 萧家成.升华的魅力---中华民族酒文化[M].北京:华龄出版社，2007.11. 徐先玲,李祖状.西方饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社, 2005.12. 向世陵.中国哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2000.13. 殷珍泉.礼仪有学问[M].北京：北京台海出版社, 2002.14. 张茗阳.食物改变你的一生[M].上海:学林出版社, 2003.15. 张志伟,欧阳谦.西方哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2000.。
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编号（No.）SFLC2013 200905210230宁夏师范学院外国语学院学士学位论文An Analysis of Different Food Culturesbetween China and Western Countries作者姓名曹俊峰论文方向英美文化指导教师马生仓答辩时间2013年5月25日Abstract Food is the basic need for human survival and development, but also is one of the basic forms of social life. Different countries have different food cultures. This thesis analyzes the differences in food culture between China and western countries from several different aspects, including food perceptions, tastes and nutritions, food targets, tablewares, and manners as well as pursuit. Certainly, these differences are obvious. As long as people have a good understanding about food culture, they will be polite in communications between Chinese and westerners.Key Words food culture；differences；communications；China；western countriesCONTENTSI.Introduction (1)II.Literature Review (1)III. Differences in Food Cultures between China and Western Countries (2)3.1 Food Perceptions, Tastes and Nutritions (2)3.2 Different Food Targets (4)3.3The Styles of Having Dinner and Using Tablewares (5)3.4 Differences in Pursuit (8)IV.Conclusion (9)Bibliography (10)Acknowledgments (11)I. IntroductionFood is the basic need for human survival and development; also it is one of the basic forms of social life. In different historical backgrounds, however, there are different food perceptions, different food needs and the way of using food. In the 21st century, cross-cultural communication has been integrated into all aspects of life. Chinese and western cultures had been the two major types of world cultures. And the food culture is very important both in Chinese and western cultures.Chinese food culture has a long history. It has experienced several years of historical development and become an important component of China’s traditional culture. In the long process of development, Chinese people gradually form their own unique food culture. Meanwhile, Chinese food becomes a bright pearl of food and cultural treasures in the world. On the contrary, western food culture keeps always a kind of rational perception. Western people pay more attention to lightly flavored and dietary equilibrium. People no longer excessively pursue taste because they choose food’s nutrition. People try to research the difference of the nutrition.This thesis focuses on the different food cultures in China and western countries. Knowing about the differences between Chinese and western food cultures and their development, foreign language learners can not only increase the understanding of languages and cultures, but also enhance the efficiency of cross-cultural communication. At the same time, the contact between different countries becomes much tighter through the incorporation of a global economy.II. Literature ReviewMany scholars are interested in different food cultures between China and western countries. In Yin Li and Han Xiaoling’s book, writers mainly describe the relationship of idioms and folklore (Yin Li, Han Xiaoling. 2007:39).And the writers also tell about food culture. Their opinion is that food manner is not just to satisfy people’s physical needs, what is more, food is a social behavior, and it has rich cultural connotations. Different regions, countries and peoples gradually form a distinctive food culture, because it is affected by natural environment, product, geography, climate, economy, politics, religion, philosophy, history and so on. Food custom is a visualized reflection of food culture. Food custom belongs to the scope of a big culture. It is also an independent branch of folklore.In Jiang Yan’s thesis, she refers to the differences of Chinese and western food cultures (Jiang Yan, 2007:50). First,people can accept actively western food culture by analyzing the differences of Chinese and western food cultures. At the same time, people should notice western etiquette through cross-cultural communication so that they can grasp the nation’s cultural characteristics on the basis of seeking common ground while accepting the existing differences. Second, this way can also train people’s adaptability. Finally, people can avoid effectively the misunderstandings which are caused by the differences of cultures, too.Through analyzing those papers, the author proposes reasonable suggestion about food culture. Moreover, these papers explain the significance of learning the differences between Chinese and western food cultures. In addition, these papers only state that it is important to learn food culture for people, but authors don’t mention that people should respect food culture of every country. In other words, people shouldn’t discriminate every country’s food culture. Besides, people should notice how to choose nourished food.III.Differences in Food Cultures between China and Western Countries Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western food cultures have different characteristics. The differences in perceptions, tastes and nutrition; food targets; the styles of having dinner and tablewares; and interest have reflected the different food cultures in the different state characteristic; such characteristic has enriched the research value of food culture. Studying these cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject. It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.3.1 Food Perceptions, Tastes and NutritionsChristianity has deep influence on Western food perception. Christianity stresses that human beings must absolutely obey the order of the God; they must respect soul; they propose people’s reason; they control people’s desire; they ignore people’s value of life and significance; they pay more attention to the happiness of heaven. Christianity thinks that the ancestor of the human being was expelled from the Garden of Eden by God because they ate forbidden fruit. So people have original sin. In their life, they gainpurification and pleasure of soul with believing in God and taking part in religious ceremony. So human being controls food. The Bible says that man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.Perter Bromhead said that western countries have a rational food perception and they pay more attention to scientific food perception (Perter, Bromhead,1978:3). Western countries stress natural value of food. They attach importance to protein, fat, quantity of heat and vitamins in food.However, they are particular about whether nutrient ingredient in food is reasonable collocation；whether the supply of calories is just right;whether these nutrition constituents are fully absorbed by people. In addition, they try to keep normal juice and natural nutrition of food, rather than pursue food’s color, scent, design, as well as its variety. Even if the taste is same or insipid, people will eat it. Because western people pay more attention to food’s nutrition constituent. They don’t connect food with spiritual enjoyment. Even food will reflect a strong practical and utilitarian purpose. Western people think that food is just existent means, but it uses a more scientific, normative and reasonable manner (Keith,Sinclair,1980). For example, school leaders will arrange a nutritionist for students in middle school in order to ensure teenagers to have enough and balanced nutrition. But western food also has big shortcomings. For example, they don’t eat animal’s viscera. In other words, they don’t pay more attention to food without nutritional value. Meanwhile, the cooking skill of western people often reflects mechanical and rigid. All kinds of vegetables will never mix together and taint by other odor. And they can’t change another pattern.Chinese people pay more attention to eating. In China, there is a proverb that bread is the staff of life. The proverb explains that people regards food as heaven. For thousands of years, the nation was in a low productivity level, people didn’t have enough food to eat. Chinese people think that eating is the most important thing over others. If a kind of culture treats eating as the first thing, then there will be two phenomena: On one hand, people will make eating’s function to acme. Its function can maintain existence and health. On the other hand, too much attention to eating will make people respect the pursuit of delicious food. In Chinese cooking technique, Chinese people pursue delicious food to acme, and they make a living by developing restaurant industry in overseas.Chinese food stresses artistry and sensibility, and pursues feeling of taste on food. Chinese people like appraising the pros and cons of food from color, scent, design, as well as its variety and so on (Li Mingying,1997). They pursue a kind of mood without expressing in language. Simply speaking, Chinesepeople pay more attention to taste. Certainly, taste is the charm of Chinese food. Taste not only satisfies people to be eager for delicious food, but also brings physical and mental pleasure. Chinese food excessively stresses taste and mental enjoyment. Chinese food also has its disadvantages, it ignores nutrient ingredient in food. Chinese people regard delicious food as the first request. However, it is a pity when people regard delicious food as the first request. A large of traditional food need go through a long period of frying and strewing, so the nutrient ingredient in food is destroyed. Chinese people often ignore the nutrition’s analysis and reasonable nutrition’s collocation.In a word, western food pays more attention to food’s nutrition from scientifically analyzing, while Chinese food stresses artistry and sensibility, and pursues feeling of taste on food. Both sides should learn from each other and make food more perfect.3.2 Different Food TargetsFood target roots in the differences of ethnic cultural background. Western people eat more meat. They pay more attention to animal’s protein and fat in their food (Leslie,White,1949:06). Meat plays an important role in the food structure and mainly includes beef, chicken, pork, lamb, and fish. The cultural background connects with western nomads and maritime national culture. People regard sailing, fishing, hunting and nomadic as their own main activities. Planting is a complement to the activity. So animals are the main source of their food. In modern times, the proportion of planting industry is on the increase. But the proportion of meat is still higher than Chinese food. Although the proportion of meat is smaller than vegetables,people have another food—tofu which can make up nutrition for human being. Tofu is a traditional food. Its history dates back to the western Han Dynasty. Not only is the taste of tofu very delicious, but also it has much the nutrient ingredient in food. It is good for people’s health. People often say that the green vegetables and tofu can protect the human being. Tofu can be made different dishes and snacks. At times, it can be made delicious food with little tofu. People regard tofu as main ingredient and second ingredient. The life conditions of Chinese people are affected by the agricultural civilization. Staple food is wheat and beans. Certainly, vegetables dominate Chinese food. People often call vegetarians dishes （Paul,Anthony,1975:68）. Chinese people usually add to meat dishes in festival. This kind of food custom has deeply influenced on Buddhism. Buddhists believe that animals are “creature”, and “creature” can’t be killed. Even people can’t eat them.However, with the development of living standards and the popularity of nutritional perception, Chinese people are increasing the proportion of meat and dairy products on the table. Similarly, western people also add vegetables to their food. Chinese and western foods have been gradually moving towards integration(Lin Lirui,2009:11). Western people like eating cold dishes in salad or cold drink. But Chinese people prefer to hot dishes. Most of the main dishes are hot.Western people believe that dishes are a longing. So they only eat a large piece of meat and the whole chickens and even “hard food”. They want to pay more attention to taste from dishes. So the cooking techniques for Chinese cooking also show great randomness. Many western people think that something is garbage, but Chinese people believe that these are excellent raw materials. Foreign chefs don’t know how to handle these things, but in a Chinese chef hand, they can transform bad into good. It goes to prove that Chinese food is the wide randomness of materials.According to the survey of western plant scholars, Chinese people eat six hundred kinds of vegetables. It is six times more than in the west. In fact, vegetarian dishes are common food in the Chinese dishes. Chinese people can eat meat in holidays or at the higher living standards. Since ancient times, people have been saying of “vegetarian dishes”. Vegetarian dishes are the dominant statement in people’s usual food. Chinese people make plant as the main dishes, and kinds of dishes have a lot of connect with the advocacy of Buddhism. They regard animals as “people”.On the contrary, plants don’t work in the laws of nature. Therefore, Chinese people advocate the vegetarianism.When western people introduce food characteristic of their own country, they pay more attention to reasonable collocation of nutrition than in China. Even they have more developed food industry, Such as, canned food and fast food. Although the taste is same, saving time and nutrition is good. So western people are stronger than Chinese people: tall, long legs, broad shoulders, muscular development; but Chinese people are small and thin; their shoulders are narrow; their complexion are yellow. And consequently, Chinese people are known as plant character, western people are known as animal character(Wang Renxiang, Xiao Xiao 2007).To sum up, western people pay more attention to meat on food targets, they can absorb more fat and protein, so they are stronger than Chinese people. However Chinese people pay more attention to vegetables. They are more healthy than westerners.3.3 The Style of Having Dinner and Using TablewaresThe different food culture is also reflected in having dinner and using tablewares in China and western countries.3.3.1 Having DinnerWhether it is family meals or formal feasts in China, Chinese people will sit around and share enjoyment each other (Lv Wenwen). They also toast each other or persuade others to eat delicious food. The scene has created harmonious and happy atmosphere. Especially in all kinds of festivals, Chinese people gain enjoyment from having dinner together. The style of having dinner is the most important tradition of Chinese food culture. The style is on the basis of patriarchal clan system’s perception. Having dinner together is popular with family or clan at first. Then it extends to outside the family. Chinese people usually educate and express all kinds of proprieties by having dinner together. So these reflect the relationship of the old and the young, the noble and the humble, the intimate and the aloof. Because having dinner together pander to traditional family perception and objectively play an important part in maintaining family’s stability and promoting family members’ unity and harmony. Therefore, having dinner together has been handed down generation after generation. All family members gather together by sitting around and sharing one seat. This will be a family happiness.But having dinner together also has disadvantages that people don’t pay more attention to food’s health and scientific using. Wasting food becomes more and more serious. Nowadays, people gradually realize this disadvantage and start to change. In entertainment of having dinner together, eating food is not the most important problem, but a face-saving is very important. The standard of price, the grade of dishes and rich dishes are often regarded as the master’s feeling carrier. When the host entertains guests, the host will prepare for a wonderful meal. This shows the host’s enthusiasm, because the standard of entertainment is a symbol of warm hospitality. Therefore, the hosts are afraid to end up with “penny pinching”, so they always prepare much more than the actual consumption.As people say, Chinese people get in touch with each other in order to make others owe debt of gratitude.People often pay more attention to face-feeling in culture of having dinner. In general, the entertainment of having dinner together adopt pattern of consumption of“Person who entertains guests should check out”. Chinese people often follow the principle of reciprocity. This kind of debt of gratitude is not equal and optional communication, but it is the human sentiment’s exchange of owing and repaying.People firstly emphasize interpersonal harmony in having dinner together, and then they pay more attention to food. Therefore, in the process of having dinner together people often pay more attention to the coordination and distribution or interpersonal relationship, social roles and the debt of gratitude.Western people are accustomed to individual serving when they are eating. Although western people eat food by sitting around in western banquet, everyone eats the dishes and food in their plates（Ji Qing,2008:42）. Western individual serving is a typical form and that is buffet. Diners take a set of tableware, and then get delicious food from plate. Certainly western people don’t have fixed seat, and they can freely pace back and forth. The style of having dinner not only can fully satisfy individual to be fond of food, but also can communicate each other and exchange individual feelings or information. So food is only a kind of means and foil in western feast rather than the whole purpose. The core of feast is friendship. The style of having dinner adequately embodies western people to respect individuality and self, and also stresses individual independence. It is different from cultural patterns of the whole unification of China. Especially since Renaissance movement, western society has energetically advocated equality, freedom, human rights and liberation spirit. The Renaissance movement immensely publicizes the human personality and the sense of freedom, and also creates a cultural environment which stresses individual’s free development.So, the difference of Chinese and western food culture comes from emotional and rational. But the difference becomes fuzzy with the development of science. More and more people no longer pay more attention to food hygiene and nutrition.3.3.2 TablewaresGenerally speaking, Chinese people don’t use much tablewares when they have meals. Mainly they have bowls, dishes, chopsticks and spoons, and they don’t use very often. Chinese cooking is particular about tableware’s shape and size as well as food’s coordination. Even they stress “beautiful utensil”. Chinese people treat food as art activity. Not only can people surely feast guests’ mouths, but also get a kind of art enjoyment from Chinese food.Western people use metal knives and forks which mainly contained stainless steel, fine silver and silvering and so on. Besides, as people know the emergence of a knife and fork is much later than chopsticks. It originated in lifestyle of the ancient nomadic of the European. They made a living by knives,and often cooked the meat, then cut off to eat. After people took up residence, the knives and forks appeared in the kitchen. All kinds of cup, plate or dish have its own function. This tableware can’t be mixed to use. For example, there are different kinds of names for glasses in English, such as wine glass, cherry glass, brandy glass, beer glass, snifter glass, champion flute and high bowl. In serving English meals, people use so much tableware with different kinds and sizes.In a word, western people emphasize the function of tablewares, while Chinese people stress the shape of dish and individual’s feeling.3.4 Differences in PursuitIn China, cooking is a kind of art, And it is similar to other arts. Chinese people stress that if you want to cook, you must like cooking. Chinese cooking has been regarded as great fun by people. A woman writer once said that she was fed with doing housework. But she was interested in cooking dishes. A slice of onion and a bit of meat can cook a delicious dainty. She appreciated this kind of art. The instant-boiled mutton and Sichuan hotpot become more and more popular so that many people are fond of them. On one hand, the dishes are fresh and tender. People can freely eat them. On the other hand, Chinese people can enjoy the interesting cooking on the process of having dinner. The work can enrich people’s life because they have great fun for cooking. China has a large number of cooking skill: heat, stir-fry, and quick-fry, braise, steam, crisp, scrabble, blast, and wire drawing and so on. And Chinese cooking take cutting technique and heating control in baking seriously. Chinese cooking is similar to the music, the dance, the poetry and the drawing. Both of them can improve realm of life.Western cooking is easier than Chinese cooking. They only pursue the nutrition of food. It leads people to ignore enjoyment of food. Thus, western cooking is particular about scientific and standard perception. The fired chicken of KFC need to put up ingredients on the basis of food’s illustration, and the temperature of oil or time of the fired chicken should follow the standard in the menu. So the job of chef becomes very boring and mechanical. In the process of cooking, western people usually represent more mechanical in designing dishes. Even they are absolutely in accordance with the recipes. Every now and then they use scale measuring pot and scale pan in order to achieve accuracy. It leads western cooking to be short of new idea at times. Their dishes are mainly frying, stir-frying and braising instead of food’s shape and color. Western people think that playing while working is dereliction, and working in playing is alosing deal. However, Chinese people believe the transformation of working and playing.IV. ConclusionWe can easily find that the differences between Chinese and western food cultures are very obvious from this thesis. They have different food perceptions, tastes, nutrition, food targets and interests; they also have differences in the style of having dinner and using tableware. Both of them have their own special advantages. With the economic globalization and information exchange speeding up, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, Chinese and western food cultures continuously mix together and mutually complement (Zou Wenguang,1998). The exchange of food culture is in people’s daily life.Chinese people can learn from the perception that western people stresses food’s nutrition. And Chinese people should make Chinese food more outstanding. At present, Chinese people make more efforts to draw all the perfect achievements in the world. Chinese people should make use of a chance to absorb splendid cultures from other countries according to China’s reform and opening up policy which creates the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges.It is essential for English learners to study food culture which is the important part between Chinese and Western cultures.In the process of learning English, learners should pay attention to the difference of culture between Chinese and western, know more about countries regarded English as native speaking language, so as to cultivate good thinking model. Learning food culture is benefit for learners to promote the ability of cross-culture communication and stimulate the interest of learning English. As we all know, language is the supporter of culture, so learning language is not a process of learning vocabulary and grammar. We should emphasize the cross-culture communication so as to achieve the real purpose of learning English. As long as people have a good understanding about food culture, they will be polite between Chinese and western exchanges.Bibliography[1]Paul,Anthony. A Guide to the English-speaking Word[M].London:Longman Group Ltd,1975.[2]Keith,Sinclair.A History of New Zealand[M].London:Penguin,1980.[3]Leslie,White.The Science of Culture[M].New York:Random,1949.[4]Perter,Bromhead.Life in Modern Ameican[M].London:Longman Group Ltd,1978.[5]蒋艳.中西饮食文化差异的原因分析及其研究意义[J].湖北:湖北教育学报,2007(50).[6]林丽瑞.中西方饮食文化之比较[J].上海:消费导刊,2009(11).[7]李明英.社会习俗与饮食文化[J].锦州:锦州师范学院学报,1997.[8]棘青.图说世界饮食文化[M].长春:吉林出版社,2008(42).[9]吕雯雯.中西传统节日饮食中的文化差异[J].陕西:陕西师范大学学报,2009.[10]王仁湘,肖潇.图说中国文化[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2007.[11]殷莉,韩晓玲.英汉习语与民俗文化[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007.[12]邹文广.人类文化的流变与整合[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1998.AcknowledgmentsMy deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to professor Ma Shengcang, my teacher for his constant encouragement and guidance. He has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the teachers, who lead me into the world of English. They instructed and helped me a lot in the past four years.Last, my thanks would go to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out any problems during the difficult course of thesis.。