个人笔记-考研英语1997年第4篇文章
1997年考研英语阅读4
1997年考研英语阅读4In the 1997 postgraduate entrance examination for English reading comprehension, one of the passages discussed the issue of environmental protection. The passage highlighted the importance of environmental protection and the needfor individuals, governments, and organizations to work together to address the issue.From my perspective, environmental protection is a critical issue that affects every aspect of our lives. The environment provides us with the resources we need to survive, and it is our responsibility to ensure that we use these resources ina sustainable manner. Unfortunately, many individuals and organizations prioritize their short-term interests over the long-term health of the planet, which has resulted in significant environmental degradation.One of the main challenges in addressing environmental protection is the lack of awareness among individuals. Many people are unaware of the impact that their actions have on the environment and do not take steps to reduce their carbon footprint. Therefore, it is essential to increase public education and awareness campaigns to encourage individuals to take action and make a positive impact onthe environment.Governments also play a crucial role in addressing environmental protection. Governments have the power to enact policies and regulations that promote sustainable practices and reduce environmental pollution. However, the effectiveness of government policies depends on their enforcement. Governments need to ensure that individuals and organizations comply with environmental regulations and take action against those who violate them.In addition to individuals and governments, organizations also have a responsibility to protect the environment. Businesses, in particular, have a significant impact on the environment through their operations and supply chains. Therefore, businesses need to adopt sustainable practices and reduce their environmental impact. This can include reducing waste, using renewable energy sources, and implementing environmentally friendly production processes.Overall, environmental protection is a complex issue that requires the cooperation and collaboration of individuals, governments, and organizations.While progress has been made in recent years, there is still much work to be done to ensure the long-term health of the planet. It is essential that we all take responsibility for our actions and work together to create a sustainable future for generations to come.。
考研英语黄皮书四篇阅读真题词汇汇总1997年卷
考研英语黄皮书四篇阅读真题词汇汇总1997年卷黄皮书真题词汇1997年text 1 0717 Take a vote 进行表决legal authority 合法当局incurably ad. 不能治愈地take the lives of…结束…的生命measure n 措施、方法convincing a 令人信服的，有说服力的flash v 飞快的掠过flash back 回溯、回顾pick up sth 见到、听到（尤指借助仪器）举起；学会；得（病）；买到某物；收集某物；吸取某物；发现某物；half a world away 在地球的另一端executive director 执行理事、常务董事society n 社团、协会send sth on 把……发布到……on-line service 在线服务post v 发布、公布bulletin n 公告import n 重要性、意义take a while 花费一些时间sink in 被完全理解，被充分意识到leave sb doing sth 使某人处于不停做某事的状态physician n 医生citizen n 市民alike ad. 同样地、两者都implication n 含义、暗示breathe sighs of relief 如释重负attack the bill 抨击这项法案haste n 匆忙、仓促passage n （法案的）通过tide is unlikely to turn back 潮流无法逆转an aging population 老龄化人口life-extending technology 寿命延长技术community attitude 公众态度play one’s part 发挥……的作用make a law 制定一项法律gather strength 积蓄力量request n 要求deadly a 致命的injection n 注射put an end to 结束……suffering n 痛苦diagnose v 诊断terminally ad. 临终地，晚期地cooling off 冷静certificate n 证明meet one’s wish 满足某人的愿望resident n 居民get on with living 继续生活the haunting feat 挥之不去的恐惧terrifying a 可怕的from a spirtual point of view 从精神层面的角度看fight for 为……而战斗、而挣扎claw at 抓、撕、挠mask n 面具、面罩1997年text 2 0731 courteous a 有礼貌的to be fair 说实话，公平地说observation n 评论，言论small-minded a 小心眼的rude a 粗鲁的ill-mannered a 态度恶劣的comment n 意见、解释、评论、批评for a long period time 长久以来break v 暂停、间歇otherwise ad. 否则、不然dull a 枯燥无味的existence n 生活、生活方式dullness n 枯燥loneliness n 寂寞distant from 远离one another 彼此、互相source n 来源diversion n 消遣、娱乐the harsh realities 严酷现实hospitality n 好客、殷勤turn to 向……求助cabin n 木屋settlement n 定居点charitable a 慷慨的，慈善的impulse n 突如其来的念头、凭冲动行事1997年 text3 0801technicallyad. 确切的说、严格的说 other than而非 functionv 运转、工作（n 功能） mistakenlyad 错误地 termn 词或词组、术语、说法harshnessn 艰难、严酷 in the situation处于……的情况 chairtableoriganization慈善机构 specializ in专门从事 away from远离 tourist trails旅游路线 travel through旅游经过 get talking with和……谈话 pretty soon不久 amazinga 令人惊讶的 uncommona 不寻常的 friendlinessn 亲近、友善 interpretv 领会、理解 superficiala 表面的、肤浅的 artificiala 虚假的、矫揉造作的 as the result of作为……的结果 historically developed历史上形成的 weary adj 疲倦的casual a 非正式的、不经意的 reported v 发出srong v 盛行 ……be true of sth/sb对某人、某物也同样成立 a set of一套 assumptionn 假想 conventionn 习俗、惯例 undetliev 构成……的基础（不能用于不定式） interrelationshipn 相互关系 not necessarily未必、不一定 patternn 模式、方式 draw a conclusion得出结论=arrive at/come to a brief encounter短暂的邂逅 distinguishv 分辨 valuev 重视 except from期望从……得到 fail to 无法yet 不过refer to 涉及、提到、说到到某人某物some sort of 某种illegal a 非法的chemical n 化学药品drug addict 吸毒成瘾的人substance n 物质alcohol n 酒tobacco n 烟草neutral a 中立的、公平的abuse n 滥用instead of 而非……make clear that 把……弄清楚cacaine n 可卡因pervasive a 无处不在的，遍布的（超纲词）quiet a headache 缓解头痛sociable a 友好的，好交际的get going 保持活力nerves n 神经紧张socially ad 社会上地acceptable a 可接受的apparently ad 明显地constructive a 有益的、积极的misuse v 滥用first of all 首先take …in excess 过量服用poisoning n 中毒intense a 剧烈的，强烈的perceptual a 知觉的repeated use of 重复使用mark v 表示，指明tolerance n 抗药性produce the desired effect 产生预期效果withdrawal n 解毒过程、脱瘾过程symptom n 症状discontinue v 停止mood n 情绪be known as 作为……而为人所知group v 分类stimulant n 兴奋剂depressant n 镇定剂initially ad 最初地，首先地speed … up 加速distort v 扭曲in a variety of ways 以各种各样的方式mind-manifestation n 心灵显现radically ad 极端地、彻底地one’s state of consciousness 某人的意识状态1997年text4 0802 contribute v 促成了某事（文中：引起了）moral decline 道德沦丧accomplish v 完成，实现career n 职业、事业senator n 参议员executive n 经理、管理人员corrupt v （使）腐化、堕落a 腐化的，堕落的threaten v 威胁、构成威胁soul-searching n 反省issue n 重要的议题corporate a 公司的bottom line 底线at the core of 在……的中心（指人：焦点人物）chairman n 董事会主席late a 已故的take over 接替、接任on the …front 在……的方面、领域、范围under pressure to do sh 做……有压力mountainous a 巨大的cable n 有线电视deal n 交易sell off 贱价卖掉，property n 财产restructure v 重建、改组、调整结构investor n 投资人impatiently ad 不耐烦地flap n 大众批评make life easier for sb 使某人日子好过一点defend v 捍卫、保卫grounds 原因，理由（说、做、相信某事的）under fire for doing sth 做……受到攻击release v 发行violent a 暴力的outlet n 发泄的出路（精力、强烈情感等）journal column 报刊专栏lie in 在于latitude n 自由（行动、意见的）disputable a 质疑的、争辩的irritating a 令人愤怒的retreat v 撤退in the face of 面对comment on 对……进行评论back off 放弃stand n 立场to some extent 在某种程度上verse n 句、节（诗或歌的）stockholder n 股东assert v 清楚而有力地表明（某事物）为事实、声称、断言cite v 引用balanced struggle 平衡的关系launch a drive 发动一项行动、运动develop standards for 为……设立标准label v 描述某人某事，将某人某事归类potentially ad 潜在的，可能地objectionable a 令人反感的board n 董事会be supportive of 支持strategy n 策略insider n 局内人在这方面表达某人的担忧show one’s concern in thismatterunlimited a 无限制的1997年text5 0804 steer v 操纵、控制、引导a touch on the brakes 踩刹车sound like 听上去像precise a 精确的nothing could be further from the truth 大错特错（事实远非如此）(两者)之间的联系the linkbetween,,,and,,,interest rate 利息率inflation n 通货膨胀uncertain a 不确定的variable a 变化无常的，易变的lag n 时间差（尤指行动与效果之间的）policy changes 政策改变hence ad 因此、所以analogy n 类比、类推liken v 显示两事物的相像blacken v 涂黑windscreen n 挡风玻璃cracked a 破碎的、破裂的rear-view-mirror 后视镜faulty a 有缺陷的streeing wheel 方向盘disadvantage n 缺点central banker 中央银行家boast v 自夸of late 最近、近来average a 平均的industrial economy 工业经济（文中指工业国）close to 接近slightly ad 轻微地、稍微地double-digit rates 两位数的比率forecaster n 预测者panel n 小组poll v 对……进行调查as a wholl 作为一个整体a flash in the pan 昙花一现over the past couple of years 在过去的几年里lower than expected 比预想的低be surprised by…为……感到震惊favourable a 有利的conventional a 传统的measure n 计量制、度量法productive slack 生产萧条capacity n 生产量、生产能力utilization n 利用、使用hit high levels 达到高水平jobless rate 失业率estimate n 估计take off 起飞mild a 缓和的、温和的thrilling a 令人兴奋的defective a 有缺陷的，有瑕疵的argue v 说理、争辩、说明up-end v 颠倒、推翻economic models 经济模式。
1997年考研英语第四篇阅读
1997年考研英语第四篇阅读分为三个主要部分，主要内容是关于技术和收入之间的关系。
以下文章根据这一主题进行分析和讨论。
一、文章概述1.1 介绍文章的背景和主题1997年考研英语第四篇阅读讨论了技术和收入之间的关系。
文章主要观点是技术的发展会对人们的收入水平产生影响。
1.2 分析文章的结构文章分为三个部分：第一部分陈述了技术的影响，第二部分分析了技术对收入的影响，第三部分结论部分总结了全文的主要观点。
二、技术的影响2.1 技术对生产力的提升文章指出，技术的发展会提高生产力，使得人们的劳动效率得到提高。
这一点从历史上的工业革命和现代的信息技术革命都可以得到印证。
2.2 技术对就业的影响随着技术的发展，很多传统行业的工作岗位被自动化和机械化所替代，这可能会导致部分劳动者失业。
然而，与此新兴的技术行业也会带来更多的就业机会。
三、技术对收入的影响3.1 技术创新对高技能人才的需求随着技术的不断进步，对高技能人才的需求也在不断增加。
这些人才通常拥有更高的学历和技术能力，他们能够从技术创新中受益，并因此获得比较高的收入。
3.2 技术对低技能劳动者的影响相对而言，低技能劳动者可能会因为技术发展而受到影响，他们的就业机会可能会减少，收入水平也会受到挑战。
这可能会导致社会的收入差距加大。
四、结论部分4.1 技术的发展对收入水平有着不同的影响从文章的分析可以看出，技术的发展对人们的收入水平有着不同的影响。
对于高技能人才来说，技术的发展会带来更多的机会和晋升的空间，他们能够从技术中获得更高的收入。
而对于低技能劳动者来说，技术的发展可能会带来就业机会的减少和收入水平的下降。
4.2 政府应对技术发展采取相应的政策针对技术发展可能带来的社会问题，政府需要采取相应的政策措施。
如对于失业的低技能劳动者，可以通过再培训和转岗等方式来减轻其就业压力，从而减少社会的不稳定因素。
1997年考研英语第四篇阅读通过对技术和收入之间关系的探讨，让我们更多地关注了技术的发展对社会的影响，为我们思考未来的发展方向和政策提供了一定的参考。
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1997年part4
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1997年part4Part FourNo company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?" At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a self examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. "The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Streel Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats."Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairmanwas backing off his hard line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the "balanced struggle" between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The 15 member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. "Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited," says Luce. "I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this."13. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for _____.A） its raising of the corporate stock price B） its self examination of soulC） its neglect of social responsibility D） its emphasis on creative freedom14. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A） Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.B） Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.C） Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.D） Steve Ross is no longer alive15. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman _____.A） stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expressionB） softened his tone and adopted some new policyC） changed his attitude and yielded to objectionD） received more support from the 15 member board16 . The best title for this passage could be _____.A） A Company under Fire B） A Debate on Moral DeclineC） A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture D） A Form of Creative FreedUnit 4 （1997）Part 4重点词汇：1.corrupt （腐败的v.贿赂）即cor+rupt，cor-一起，rupt词根"打破"，"全部被糖衣炮弹打破了"。
97年考研英语阅读
97年考研英语阅读1997年的考研英语阅读部分，对于当时的考研学子来说，无疑是一个不小的挑战。
那一年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，从社会现象到科技发展，从文化差异到经济问题，这些内容不仅考验了考生的英语语言能力，更是对他们综合知识水平的一次全面检验。
在那一年的考研英语阅读中，有一篇文章特别引起了考生的注意。
这篇文章讨论了当时社会中普遍存在的一个问题——信息过载。
随着互联网的兴起和信息技术的快速发展，人们开始面临前所未有的信息量。
文章指出，虽然获取信息变得更加容易，但如何有效地筛选和处理这些信息，成为了一个亟待解决的问题。
作者通过一系列的例证和分析，提出了几种可能的解决方案，包括提高信息素养、建立更加智能的信息过滤系统等。
另一篇阅读材料则聚焦于全球化对经济的影响。
文章通过对比不同国家的经济数据，分析了全球化如何促进了国际贸易和资本流动，同时也指出了全球化可能带来的问题，如经济不平等和文化同质化。
考生在阅读这篇文章时，不仅需要理解复杂的经济术语和概念，还需要对全球化的趋势有自己的见解和思考。
在那一年的考研英语阅读中，还有一篇文章探讨了科技发展对人类生活的影响。
文章提到了计算机、互联网和移动通信技术的发展，如何改变了人们的工作方式和生活习惯。
作者强调，虽然科技带来了便利，但也引发了对隐私保护和网络安全的担忧。
文章呼吁人们在享受科技带来的便利的同时，也要对可能的风险保持警惕。
1997年的考研英语阅读，不仅要求考生具备扎实的英语阅读能力，还要求他们对时事有所了解，能够对阅读材料中提出的问题进行深入的思考和分析。
这些阅读材料的难度和深度，无疑为考生的考研之路增添了不少挑战，但同时也为他们提供了一个展示自己综合能力的平台。
通过这样的阅读练习，考生不仅能够提高自己的英语水平，还能够增强自己的批判性思维和分析问题的能力。
1997考研英语第四篇
1997考研英语第四篇（原创版）目录1.考研英语的重要性2.1997 年考研英语第四篇的特点3.文章的结构和主旨4.文章的价值观和启示正文一、考研英语的重要性在我国，考研英语一直是许多学生追求更高学位的必经之路。
作为全国硕士研究生入学考试的重要组成部分，考研英语的成绩直接影响着考生能否顺利进入理想的高校继续深造。
因此，对于广大考研学子而言，掌握好考研英语的知识体系和应试技巧显得尤为重要。
二、1997 年考研英语第四篇的特点1997 年考研英语第四篇文章在历年试题中具有较高的代表性。
该篇文章在题型设置、题目分布和考查重点方面都较为典型，为考生提供了很好的复习参考。
这篇文章主要考查了考生的阅读理解、翻译、完形填空等能力，通过解答该篇文章，考生可以全面了解自己的英语水平，并为提高考研英语成绩制定针对性的复习计划。
三、文章的结构和主旨1997 年考研英语第四篇文章主题为“环境保护与可持续发展”，全文围绕这一主题展开论述。
文章首先介绍了环境问题的严重性，接着阐述了可持续发展的理念，最后探讨了如何在保护环境的前提下实现可持续发展。
通过这篇文章，考生可以学到很多有关环保和可持续发展方面的知识，并对这一全球性的课题有更深刻的认识。
四、文章的价值观和启示1997 年考研英语第四篇文章传递了保护环境、实现可持续发展的价值观。
这一价值观对于当今世界具有重要的现实意义，因为环境问题已经成为全球性的挑战，各国都在努力寻求在保护环境的同时实现经济发展的可持续性。
对于广大考研学子而言，学习这篇文章不仅可以提高自己的英语水平，还可以增强环保意识和可持续发展观念，为自己的未来发展奠定坚实基础。
总之，1997 年考研英语第四篇文章具有很高的参考价值，考生可以通过学习这篇文章全面了解自己的英语水平，并为提高考研英语成绩制定针对性的复习计划。
1997考研英语第四篇
1997考研英语第四篇The sun was just beginning to set as I stepped out of the library, the weight of the day's study pressing down on my shoulders. The year was 1997, and the gauntlet of the graduate entrance examination loomed over me like a specter. The fourth essay in the English section had been a beast, a labyrinth of complex sentences and obscure vocabulary that felt like a maze with no clear exit.I had spent hours poring over the text, dissecting each paragraph, trying to grasp the nuances of the author's argument. The essay was on the impact of globalization on local economies, a topic that was both timely and deeply complex. It was a dance of ideas, a challenge to my understanding of the world and my ability to articulate my thoughts in a language that was not my own.As I walked across the campus, the autumn leaves crunching under my feet, I couldn't help but reflect on the journey that had brought me to this point. The decision to pursue a graduate degree had not been an easy one. It was a leap of faith, a commitment to years of study and sacrifice. But it was also a dream, a dream of contributing to the world of academia, of making a difference through knowledge and research.The fourth essay had been particularly poignant. It spoke of the struggles of small businesses in the face of globalcompetition, of the cultural homogenization that came withthe spread of multinational corporations. It was a mirror reflecting the world I was about to step into, a world where the local was often overshadowed by the global.My pencil had raced across the page, trying to capture my thoughts before they could escape. I had woven my arguments with care, using the evidence from the text to support my points. But as I reviewed my work, I couldn't shake the feeling that I had missed something, that there was a deeper understanding waiting to be uncovered.The campus was quiet, the hustle and bustle of the day giving way to the tranquility of evening. Students were few and far between, each one a孤岛 (island) of solitude, wrapped up in their own thoughts and ambitions. I felt a kinship with them, a shared sense of purpose that transcended ourindividual pursuits.As the last light of day faded, I made my way to thesmall café that had become my refuge during this grueling process. The warm glow of the lights and the aroma of fresh coffee were a welcome respite. I ordered my usual, a black coffee to fuel the night ahead.Sitting by the window, I opened my notebook to the essay once more. The words were familiar now, but they still held secrets I was determined to uncover. I knew that the road to understanding was a marathon, not a sprint, and I was prepared to run the distance.The year 1997 would be remembered for many things, butfor me, it was the year of the fourth essay, a testament to the challenges and the rewards of the academic pursuit. It was a year that shaped not only my understanding of the world but also my resolve to contribute to it in my own small way. And as I sat there, pen in hand, ready to dive back into the text, I knew that I was exactly where I was meant to be.。
1997考研英语阅读理解答案
1997考研英语阅读理解答案（1997）Part 1重点词汇：•parliamentary（议会的，国会的）• A parliament is nothing less than a big meeting of more or less idle people.议会无非是多少有些懒散的人们的一个大聚会。
•incurably（不可治地） a incurably disease 不治之症。
•turn back 逆转，往回走。
•euthanasia（安乐死）•domino（多米诺骨牌）用谐音记。
•diagnose （v.诊断）•certificate ?（证书•objection（反对）•sink in 被了解；•cool off 使冷静。
试题解析：1. 【正确答案】[D]2. 【正确答案】[B]3. 【正确答案】[A]4. 【正确答案】[C]全文翻译：凌晨3:45进行了最终表决。
经过6个月争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区（澳北州）成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局。
这一法案是以令人信服的15票对10票通过。
几乎同时，该消息就出现在互联网上。
身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰•霍夫塞斯在收到该消息后便通过协会的在线服务“死亡之网”发了公告。
他说：“我们整天都在发布公告，因为这件事的意义不在于它是在澳大利亚发生的事情，而是因为这是世界历史的一件大事。
”要充分理解这一法案的深刻意义可能需要一段时间。
澳北州晚期病人权利法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题。
一些人如释重负，另一些人，包括教会，生命权利组织以及澳大利亚医学会成员都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击。
但这一潮流已无法逆转。
在澳大利亚，人口老龄化，延长寿命技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用。
其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题。
1997年考研英语阅读4
1997年考研英语阅读4（实用版）目录1.概述考研英语阅读理解的重要性2.1997 年考研英语阅读理解的特点3.阅读理解的技巧和方法4.如何提高阅读理解能力5.结论正文一、概述考研英语阅读理解的重要性考研英语阅读理解是考研英语科目中非常重要的一部分，它不仅考察考生的语言知识，还考察考生的语言应用能力。
阅读理解能力的提高不仅可以帮助考生在考试中取得好成绩，还能够帮助考生在学术研究和今后的工作中更好地理解和应用英语。
二、1997 年考研英语阅读理解的特点1997 年考研英语阅读理解题目主要包括两部分：文章和问题。
文章部分主要是选取了一些英文原著或期刊的文章，问题部分则是根据文章内容提出的一系列问题。
这些问题主要考察考生的理解、分析、推理和判断能力。
三、阅读理解的技巧和方法阅读理解的技巧和方法主要包括以下几点：1.抓住文章主旨：在阅读文章时，要注重抓住文章的主旨，理解文章的结构和逻辑关系，这样才能更好地理解文章的内容和意义。
2.熟悉常见题型：阅读理解题目主要有事实细节题、推理判断题、词汇理解题等。
熟悉常见题型，能够帮助考生在考试中更快速、准确地回答问题。
3.掌握阅读策略：在阅读文章时，可以采用扫描、略读等策略，有选择性地获取信息，提高阅读效率。
4.积累词汇和语法知识：阅读理解的基础是词汇和语法知识，只有掌握了足够的词汇和语法知识，才能够更好地理解和回答问题。
四、如何提高阅读理解能力提高阅读理解能力需要长期的积累和训练。
具体来说，可以从以下几点着手：1.多读：多读英文原著和期刊，积累词汇和语法知识，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
2.多练：通过做一些阅读理解练习题，熟悉常见题型，提高答题技巧和方法。
3.多思考：在阅读过程中，要学会思考和分析，提高自己的逻辑思维和推理能力。
4.多交流：与他人交流阅读心得和感悟，不断提高自己的阅读理解能力。
五、结论总之，考研英语阅读理解是一项重要的考试内容，需要考生在平时的学习中多读、多练、多思考、多交流，不断提高自己的阅读理解能力。
1997年6月英语四级作文题及范文
1997年6月英语四级作文题及范文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Unfortunately, as an AI language model, I do not havereal-time internet access to provide specific information on the English writing prompts for the June 1997 CET-4 exam. However, I can offer you a sample essay that might resemble a potential topic from that time period. Here is a sample essay about the importance of learning a second language:Title: The Benefits of Learning a Second LanguageIn today's global society, the ability to speak more than one language is becoming increasingly important. Learning a second language has numerous benefits, both personally and professionally, and opens up new opportunities for individuals to communicate with people from different cultures. In this essay, I will discuss the advantages of learning a second language and why it is worth the time and effort.First and foremost, learning a second language can greatly enhance one's cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have improved problem-solving skills,better multitasking abilities, and increased creativity. By constantly switching between two languages, the brain becomes more flexible and resilient, leading to improved mental agility and better overall brain health.Furthermore, being able to communicate in a second language can significantly enhance one's career prospects. In today's globalized economy, companies are looking for employees who can speak multiple languages in order to facilitate communication with clients and partners from around the world. Learning a second language can also open up new job opportunities in fields such as translation, interpretation, and international business.In addition, learning a second language can enrich one's personal life and help foster relationships with people from different cultures. Language is closely tied to culture, and by learning a second language, individuals can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of other ways of life. Speaking a second language also allows for greater opportunities to travel and experience new places, as well as to form connections with individuals from diverse backgrounds.In conclusion, the benefits of learning a second language are undeniable. From improved cognitive abilities to enhancedcareer prospects and enriched personal relationships, the ability to speak more than one language is a valuable skill that can open up a world of opportunities. Therefore, I believe that everyone should make an effort to learn a second language and experience the many advantages that it can bring.篇2Title: 1997 June CET-4 Writing Topic and Sample EssayIn June 1997, students taking the College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) in China were given the following writing topic: "Should students be allowed to choose their own courses in college?" This topic sparked a lively debate among test-takers, prompting them to weigh the pros and cons of giving students the autonomy to select their own courses. In this essay, we will explore both sides of the argument and provide a sample essay to illustrate the discussion.On one hand, proponents of allowing students to choose their own courses argue that it promotes independence and self-directed learning. By selecting courses that align with their interests and career goals, students are more likely to be motivated and engaged in their studies. This personalized approach to course selection can also lead to a richer and morediverse educational experience, as students have the opportunity to explore a wide range of subjects that they find meaningful and enjoyable.Additionally, allowing students to choose their own courses fosters a sense of responsibility and accountability. By taking ownership of their academic journey, students learn valuable skills such as time management, decision-making, and goal setting. These skills are essential for success in higher education and beyond, as they equip students with the tools they need to navigate the complexities of the modern world.On the other hand, critics of student autonomy in course selection argue that it may lead to a lack of coherence and focus in students' academic programs. Without guidance from academic advisors or faculty members, students may struggle to create a well-rounded curriculum that prepares them for their chosen career path. This lack of structure could hinder students' academic progress and limit their opportunities for career advancement in the long run.Furthermore, some critics argue that allowing students to choose their own courses could exacerbate existing inequalities in education. Students from privileged backgrounds may have greater access to information and resources that enable them tomake informed decisions about their courses, while students from disadvantaged backgrounds may lack the same opportunities. This could perpetuate social inequalities and widen the gap between the haves and have-nots in society.In conclusion, the question of whether students should be allowed to choose their own courses in college is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration. While student autonomy can promote independence and self-directed learning, it may also lead to a lack of coherence and focus in students' academic programs. Ultimately, a balanced approach that incorporates both student choice and institutional guidance is necessary to ensure that students receive a well-rounded and equitable education.Sample Essay:In my opinion, students should be allowed to choose their own courses in college. This autonomy empowers students to take control of their academic journey and pursue subjects that interest them. By selecting courses that align with their passions and career goals, students are more likely to be motivated and engaged in their studies, leading to a richer and more fulfilling educational experience.One of the key benefits of allowing students to choose their own courses is the promotion of independence and self-directed learning. By taking ownership of their academic journey, students learn valuable skills such as time management, decision-making, and goal setting. These skills are essential for success in higher education and beyond, as they equip students with the tools they need to thrive in a rapidly changing world.Furthermore, student autonomy in course selection fosters a sense of responsibility and accountability. When students have the freedom to choose their own courses, they are more likely to take their education seriously and invest time and effort in their studies. This sense of ownership can lead to greater academic success and personal growth, as students learn to take initiative and make informed decisions about their learning.While it is important to acknowledge the potential challenges and drawbacks of allowing students to choose their own courses, such as a lack of coherence and focus in their academic programs, these issues can be mitigated through effective guidance and support from academic advisors and faculty members. By providing students with the resources and information they need to make informed decisions about theircourses, colleges and universities can ensure that students receive a well-rounded and equitable education.In conclusion, allowing students to choose their own courses in college is a valuable opportunity that empowers students to take control of their academic journey and pursue their passions. By promoting independence, self-directed learning, and accountability, student autonomy in course selection can lead to a more engaging and fulfilling educational experience for students. It is essential that colleges and universities provide students with the guidance and support they need to make informed decisions about their courses, ensuring that all students receive a well-rounded and equitable education.篇31997年6月英语四级作文题及范文考试时间：1997年6月作文题目：Can We Do Without Teachers?题目要求：Can we do without teachers? Write an essay with the title, "The Importance of Teachers".The Importance of TeachersEducation is one of the key aspects of our society. It shapes the minds of the younger generation, preparing them to become responsible adults and contributing members of society. Teachers play a vital role in this process, acting as mentors, guides, and facilitators for their students. Can we do without teachers? The answer is a resounding no.Teachers are the backbone of the education system. They are the ones who impart knowledge, instill values, and inspire students to achieve their full potential. Without teachers, students would be left to fend for themselves, navigating the complex world of academia without any guidance or support. It is the teachers who provide structure, motivation, and encouragement for their students, helping them to succeed in their academic endeavors.Furthermore, teachers serve as role models for their students. They demonstrate the importance of hard work, dedication, and perseverance, showing their students that with determination and effort, anything is possible. Teachers also cultivate a sense of curiosity and a love for learning in their students, encouraging them to explore new ideas and think critically about the world around them.In addition, teachers play a crucial role in shaping the character and moral compass of their students. They teach important values such as honesty, integrity, and respect, instilling in their students a sense of ethics and responsibility. Teachers also help students develop important life skills, such as communication, problem-solving, and teamwork, which are essential for success in the modern world.In conclusion, teachers are an indispensable part of the education system. They are vital in shaping the minds and character of the younger generation, preparing them for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Can we do without teachers? The answer is clear: teachers are essential for the education and development of our society.。
考研英语一真题手译阅读1997-Text4
分享考研资料，助力考研成功！官方认证店铺：考研资料He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.
3- The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.
4- Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent.
It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.
1997年硕士研究生考研英语真题和答案解析
1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题Text 1题材：社会生活类 词数：386 1. ❶It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. ❷After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. ❸The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. ❹Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. ❺He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. ❻Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. ❼It’s world history.”2. ❶The full import may take a while to sink in. ❷The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. ❸Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. ❹But the tide is unlikely to turn back. ❺In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. ❻In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.3. ❶Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. ❷The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. ❸After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. ❹After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. ❺For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. ❻“I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.51.From the second paragraph we learn that ________.[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage52.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means________.[A] observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53.When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days54.The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.[A] opposition [B] suspicion[C] approval [D] indifferenceText 1文章内容全解一、试题出处分析本文属现象分析型文章，文章通过讲述澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州)通过安乐死法案这一事件，揭示了这一法案的深远影响及其对晚期绝症病人的意义。
考研英语黄皮书四篇阅读真题词汇汇总1997年卷
黄皮书真题词汇1997年text 10717 Take a vote 进行表决legal authority合法当局incurably ad.不能治愈地take the lives of…结束…的生命measure n措施、方法convincing a令人信服的，有说服力的flash v飞快的掠过flash back回溯、回顾pick up sth见到、听到（尤指借助仪器）举起；学会；得（病）；买到某物；收集某物；吸取某物；发现某物；half a world away在地球的另一端executive director执行理事、常务董事society n社团、协会send sth on把……发布到……on-line service在线服务post v发布、公布bulletin n 公告import n重要性、意义take a while花费一些时间sink in被完全理解，被充分意识到leave sb doing sth使某人处于不停做某事的状态physician n医生citizen n市民alike ad.同样地、两者都implication n含义、暗示breathe sighs of relief如释重负attack the bill抨击这项法案haste n匆忙、仓促passage n（法案的）通过tide is unlikely to turn back潮流无法逆转an aging population老龄化人口life-extending technology寿命延长技术community attitude公众态度play one’s part发挥……的作用make a law 制定一项法律gather strength 积蓄力量request n要求deadly a致命的injection n注射put an end to结束……suffering n痛苦diagnose v诊断terminally ad.临终地，晚期地cooling off冷静certificate n 证明meet one’s wish满足某人的愿望resident n居民get on with living继续生活the haunting feat挥之不去的恐惧terrifying a可怕的from a spirtual point of view从精神层面的角度看fight for为……而战斗、而挣扎claw at抓、撕、挠mask n面具、面罩1997年text 20731 courteous a有礼貌的to be fair说实话，公平地说observation n 评论，言论small-minded a小心眼的rude a粗鲁的ill-mannered a态度恶劣的comment n意见、解释、评论、批评for a long period time长久以来break v暂停、间歇otherwise ad.否则、不然dull a枯燥无味的existence n生活、生活方式dullness n枯燥loneliness n寂寞distant from远离one another彼此、互相source n来源diversion n消遣、娱乐the harsh realities严酷现实hospitality n好客、殷勤turn to 向……求助cabin n木屋settlement n定居点charitable a慷慨的，慈善的impulse n突如其来的念头、凭冲动行事on the part of sb由某人做出settler n殖民者reflect v表达、反映harshness n艰难、严酷in the situation处于……的情况chairtable origanization慈善机构specializ in 专门从事away from远离tourist trails旅游路线travel through旅游经过get talking with和……谈话pretty soon不久amazing a令人惊讶的uncommon a不寻常的friendliness n亲近、友善interpret v领会、理解superficial a表面的、肤浅的artificial a虚假的、矫揉造作的as the result of作为……的结果historically developed历史上形成的weary adj 疲倦的casual a 非正式的、不经意的reported v 发出srong v 盛行……be true of sth/sb对某人、某物也同样成立a set of 一套assumption n假想convention n习俗、惯例undetlie v构成……的基础（不能用于不定式）interrelationship n相互关系not necessarily未必、不一定pattern n模式、方式draw a conclusion得出结论=arrive at/come toa brief encounter短暂的邂逅distinguish v分辨value v重视except from 期望从……得到fail to 无法yet 不过1997年text30801 technically ad.确切的说、严格的说other than而非function v运转、工作（n功能）mistakenly ad错误地term n词或词组、术语、说法refer to涉及、提到、说到到某人某物some sort of某种illegal a非法的chemical n化学药品drug addict吸毒成瘾的人substance n物质alcohol n酒tobacco n烟草neutral a中立的、公平的abuse n滥用instead of而非……make clear that把……弄清楚cacaine n可卡因pervasive a无处不在的，遍布的（超纲词）quiet a headache缓解头痛sociable a 友好的，好交际的get going保持活力nerves n神经紧张socially ad社会上地acceptable a可接受的apparently ad明显地constructive a有益的、积极的misuse v滥用first of all首先take …in excess过量服用poisoning n中毒intense a剧烈的，强烈的perceptual a知觉的repeated use of重复使用mark v表示，指明tolerance n抗药性produce the desired effect产生预期效果withdrawal n解毒过程、脱瘾过程symptom n症状discontinue v停止mood n情绪be known as作为……而为人所知group v分类stimulant n兴奋剂depressant n镇定剂initially ad最初地，首先地speed … up加速distort v扭曲in a variety of ways以各种各样的方式mind-manifestation n心灵显现radically ad极端地、彻底地one’s state of consciousness某人的意识状态1997年text40802 contribute v促成了某事（文中：引起了）moral decline道德沦丧accomplish v完成，实现career n职业、事业senator n参议员executive n经理、管理人员v（使）腐化、堕落corrupta腐化的，堕落的threaten v威胁、构成威胁soul-searching n反省issue n重要的议题corporate a公司的bottom line底线at the core of 在……的中心（指人：焦点人物）chairman n董事会主席late a已故的take over接替、接任on the …front在……的方面、领域、范围under pressure to do sh做……有压力mountainous a巨大的cable n有线电视deal n交易sell off贱价卖掉，property n财产restructure v重建、改组、调整结构investor n投资人impatiently ad不耐烦地flap n大众批评make life easier for sb使某人日子好过一点defend v捍卫、保卫grounds原因，理由（说、做、相信某事的）under fire for doing sth做……受到攻击release v发行violent a暴力的outlet n发泄的出路（精力、强烈情感等）journal column报刊专栏lie in在于latitude n自由（行动、意见的）disputable a质疑的、争辩的irritating a令人愤怒的retreat v撤退in the face of 面对comment on 对……进行评论back off放弃stand n立场to some extent在某种程度上verse n句、节（诗或歌的）stockholder n股东assert v清楚而有力地表明（某事物）为事实、声称、断言cite v引用balanced struggle 平衡的关系launch a drive发动一项行动、运动develop standards for为……设立标准label v描述某人某事，将某人某事归类potentially ad潜在的，可能地objectionable a令人反感的board n董事会be supportive of 支持strategy n策略insider n局内人show one’s concern in this matter在这方面表达某人的担忧unlimited a无限制的1997年text50804 steer v操纵、控制、引导a touch on the brakes踩刹车sound like听上去像precise a精确的nothing could be further from the truth大错特错（事实远非如此）the link between,,,and,,,(两者)之间的联系interest rate利息率inflation n通货膨胀uncertain a不确定的variable a变化无常的，易变的lag n时间差（尤指行动与效果之间的）policy changes政策改变hence ad因此、所以analogy n类比、类推liken v显示两事物的相像blacken v涂黑windscreen n挡风玻璃cracked a破碎的、破裂的rear-view-mirror后视镜faulty a 有缺陷的streeing wheel方向盘disadvantage n缺点central banker中央银行家boast v自夸of late最近、近来average a平均的industrial economy工业经济（文中指工业国）close to接近slightly ad轻微地、稍微地double-digit rates两位数的比率forecaster n预测者panel n小组poll v对……进行调查as a wholl作为一个整体a flash in the pan昙花一现over the past couple of years在过去的几年里lower than expected比预想的低be surprised by…为……感到震惊favourable a有利的conventional a传统的measure n计量制、度量法productive slack生产萧条capacity n生产量、生产能力utilization n利用、使用hit high levels达到高水平jobless rate失业率estimate n估计take off起飞mild a缓和的、温和的thrilling a令人兴奋的defective a有缺陷的，有瑕疵的argue v说理、争辩、说明up-end v颠倒、推翻economic models经济模式。
个人笔记-考研英语1997年第4篇文章
①No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.②“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked TimeWarner executives last week.1 ③“You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”cor rupt[a]腐败的 corrupt officials rupt ure使破裂[v]使堕落→败坏threaten 危及④At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.the latest 最近的manifestation表现 manifest明显的ever since 自从⑤It′s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.self-examination 自我反省at various times 在不同时代①At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in1992.2 core 核心要点 At the core of sth. is…处在sth.核心的是…take over 接任the late＋人：已故的xx②On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company′s mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close.On the financial front 在财政方面under pressure 承受压力raise stock price 使股价升值mountainous debt 巨额债务电缆cable=cable TV 有线电视deals close [n]交易谈妥③He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.sell off 出售restructure [v]重组property 资产 private property私人财产 the right to intellectual property 知识产权①The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.flap [v/n]拍打→大众批评lap 一圈、轻拍②Levin has consistently defended the company′s rap music on the grounds of expression.3 consistently 一贯on the grounds of…以…为由expression 表达形式defend 捍卫③In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T′s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.be under fire for…因…受到严厉的批评release 发行violent 暴力的deserve 应得→应有outlet 便利店/出口→宣泄途径④“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won′t retreat in the face of any threats.”column 专栏test 检验democratic 民主的lie not in … but in…不在于…而在于…the widest possible 尽可能最大的latitude 纬度→范围disputable 有争议的dispute[v/n] contro ver sydebate contro ver sialirritating 愤怒的 irri t ate 使恼怒irri g ate 灌溉We won′t retreat in the face of any threats. 但我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。
1997年考研阅读text4
1997年考研阅读text41997年考研阅读text4是一篇关于心理学和哲学的综合文章。
文章通过引用心理学家William James和哲学家William Alston的观点，探讨了人类的心智体验和主观性的本质。
接下来，我将为大家详细解读该文章。
文章开篇引用心理学家William James的话：“我的意识就是我的心智。
”James认为，我们的心智是我们的意识，它是我们思考、感知和体验的核心。
文章进一步解释了这种心智体验中的主观性，即只有个体自己能直接觉察到的体验。
然后，文章引用哲学家William Alston的观点，指出心智体验的主观性是不可分割的，它们不能被拆分为不同的部分或者被分配给不同的个体。
也就是说，每个人的心智体验是独一无二的，无法被其他人完全理解或者重现。
接下来，文章讨论了心理学中的实验方法。
心理学家通过观察和测量个体的行为、反应和自述来研究心智体验。
然而，这种方法并不能完全捕捉到个体心智体验的全部细节和个性化特点。
因此，心理学家常常使用自述方法来获取个体的主观报告，以帮助他们更好地理解和解释个体的心智体验。
然后，文章提出了一个问题：是否能够在理论或者科学层面上完全理解和解释心智体验的主观性？文章引用心理学家Jean-Paul Sartre的观点，认为我们虽然可以通过观察和解释行为来了解个体的思维过程，但不能直接触及个体的主观体验。
心智体验的主观性是一种独特的、无法捕捉或者表达的心理现象。
接着，文章引用了哲学家Thomas Nagel的观点，他认为我们永远无法像别人一样完全体验其他人的心智体验。
每个人都有自己独特的主观体验，无法通过外部观察或者沟通来深入理解。
这种观点呼应了前文提到的心智体验主观性的不可分割性和个体化。
最后，文章讨论了科学和哲学之间的关系。
科学是通过观察、实验和量化来寻求客观真理的方法，而哲学则是通过思考、辩论和理性推理来探索主观真理的方法。
虽然科学可以解释物质世界中的现象和规律，但它却无法完全解释心智体验的本质和主观性。
1997年考研英语阅读4
1997年考研英语阅读4（实用版）目录1.考研英语阅读理解的重要性2.1997 年考研英语阅读理解的特点3.阅读理解的技巧和方法4.如何提高考研英语阅读理解能力正文一、考研英语阅读理解的重要性对于许多准备考研的学生来说，英语阅读理解是一项重要的挑战。
阅读理解能力的高低直接影响到考研英语的成绩，进而影响到整个考研成绩。
因此，提高阅读理解能力是考研英语备考的重要环节。
二、1997 年考研英语阅读理解的特点1997 年的考研英语阅读理解题目具有以下特点：文章难度适中，题目类型多样，考查内容广泛。
文章题材包括社会、文化、科技等多个方面，题目类型包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。
三、阅读理解的技巧和方法1.抓住关键词：在阅读文章时，要抓住关键词，理解文章的核心内容。
关键词通常是文章的主题词或关键句中的词汇。
2.掌握文章结构：通过掌握文章的结构，可以快速理解文章的主要内容和作者的观点。
文章结构通常分为引言、正文和结论三部分。
3.熟悉题型：了解各种题型的特点和解题方法，有助于提高答题效率。
例如，事实细节题要精确查找原文信息；推理判断题要根据原文内容进行合理推断；主旨大意题要综合全文内容进行概括。
4.排除干扰项：在答题过程中，要注意排除干扰项。
干扰项通常是与原文内容相似但含义不同的选项。
四、如何提高考研英语阅读理解能力1.积累词汇：增加词汇量是提高阅读理解能力的基础。
可以通过背单词、阅读英文文章等方式积累词汇。
2.多读多练：阅读理解能力的提高需要大量的阅读实践。
可以阅读英文报刊杂志、英文小说等不同类型的英文材料，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
3.学习阅读技巧：学习阅读技巧和方法，可以提高阅读效率和理解能力。
可以通过参加培训班、查阅资料等方式学习阅读技巧。
4.模拟练习：通过模拟练习，可以检验自己的阅读理解能力，发现自己的薄弱环节，并加以改进。
可以参加模拟考试、做历年真题等方式进行模拟练习。
总之，提高考研英语阅读理解能力需要系统地进行训练和实践。
1997考研英语第四篇
1997考研英语第四篇摘要：I.引言A.风险和不确定性的概念B.人们在面对不确定性时的心理反应II.风险和不确定性的区别A.风险的定义B.不确定性的定义C.风险和不确定性的关系III.面对风险的决策行为A.风险规避B.风险追求C.风险中立IV.如何更好地进行决策A.增加信息和经验B.建立风险管理团队C.其他方法V.结论A.总结文章观点B.对未来研究的展望正文：I.引言A.风险和不确定性的概念在面对生活中的各种情况时，人们需要做出决策。
这些决策往往涉及到风险和不确定性。
风险是指在一定条件下，某种结果发生的可能性。
而不确定性则是指在缺乏足够信息的情况下，无法准确预测结果。
风险和不确定性在很大程度上影响了人们的决策行为。
B.人们在面对不确定性时的心理反应面对不确定性，人们更容易产生恐惧和焦虑。
这是因为人类天生具有对未知的恐惧，以及对失去控制的担忧。
因此，在面对不确定性时，人们需要采取一定的决策行为来应对这些心理反应。
II.风险和不确定性的区别A.风险的定义风险是指在一定条件下，某种结果发生的可能性。
例如，投资股票可能会带来收益，但也可能带来损失。
在这种情况下，风险就是指投资股票可能带来的损失。
B.不确定性的定义不确定性是指在缺乏足够信息的情况下，无法准确预测结果。
例如，明天天气如何，我们无法准确预测，这就是不确定性。
C.风险和不确定性的关系风险和不确定的关系非常密切，风险通常源于不确定性。
当我们面对不确定性时，我们需要采取一定的决策行为来应对这些风险。
III.面对风险的决策行为A.风险规避风险规避是指在面对风险时，选择避免损失的决策行为。
例如，在投资时，为了避免损失，可以选择不投资。
B.风险追求风险追求是指在面对风险时，选择追求收益的决策行为。
例如，在投资时，为了追求高收益，可以选择投资高风险的股票。
C.风险中立风险中立是指在面对风险时，选择不改变现有决策的决策行为。
例如，在投资时，维持原有的投资组合，不进行调整。
1997年考研阅读text4
1997年考研阅读text41997年考研阅读text4是一篇关于Tylor和Morgan的人类学理论的文章，主要介绍了两位学者对于人类文化和社会演化的观点。
文章分为四个部分，首先是对Tylor的观点的介绍，接着是对Morgan的观点的介绍，然后对两位学者的观点进行比较，并最终总结了他们的贡献和局限性。
Tylor是19世纪英国人类学家，被认为是现代人类学的奠基人之一。
他提出了文化演化的观点，即人类文化从原始形态逐渐发展演化而来。
他认为文化具有普遍性，所有文化都有共同的特征，并且是以逻辑和有序方式发展的。
他将文化定义为“人类精神的全部外化方式”，并认为文化是人类适应环境的结果。
Tylor的观点对于理解人类文化的普遍性和发展演化过程有很大的贡献。
Morgan是美国人类学家，也是19世纪的先驱之一。
他提出了社会演化的观点，即人类社会从原始的采集社会逐渐演化为农耕社会和工业社会。
他通过对美洲印第安人的研究，提出了三界理论，即采集社会、农耕社会和工业社会。
Morgan认为社会演化是通过技术和生产力的发展而推动的，社会结构也会随着生产力的变化而产生变革。
他的观点对于理解社会演化的历史过程起到了重要的作用。
在对两位学者的观点进行比较时，文章指出了他们的相似之处和不同之处。
相似之处在于他们都强调了文化和社会的发展演化过程，并且都将适应环境和生产力发展作为推动力。
然而，Tylor更加强调文化的共同性和普遍性，而Morgan更加强调社会结构的变革和生产力的发展。
另外，Tylor的研究主要基于观察和比较文化现象，而Morgan 的研究则更加注重考古发现和历史记载。
最后，文章总结了两位学者的贡献和局限性。
Tylor的贡献在于他对文化普遍性和发展演化过程的探讨，建立了现代人类学的基础。
然而，他的观点也存在一定的局限性，比如忽视了文化的多样性和变异性。
Morgan的贡献在于他对社会历史的研究，揭示了社会结构和生产力的关系。
Unit4（1997年）Doan...
Unit 4 （1997年）Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful，ground-clearing way to start.（71）Actually，it isnt，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights，to be sure，it necessarily follows that animals have none.72）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore，animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd，for exactly the same reason，so is the idea that tigers have rights. However，this is only one account，and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance，to infants，the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “I don’t like this contract?”The point is this without agreement on the rights of people，arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.（73）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another，more fundamental question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.（74）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view，which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood，may seem bravely “logical.”In fact it is simply shallow: the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others interests against one s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough，for most，to engage sympathy.（75）When that happens，it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.Unit 4 翻译题解：71）Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Actually, it isn't, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not have.第二、句子主干结构是主从复合句。
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①No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.②“Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked TimeWarner executives last week.1 ③“You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”cor rupt[a]腐败的 corrupt officials rupt ure使破裂[v]使堕落→败坏threaten 危及④At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.the latest 最近的manifestation表现 manifest明显的ever since 自从⑤It′s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.self-examination 自我反省at various times 在不同时代①At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in1992.2 core 核心要点 At the core of sth. is…处在sth.核心的是…take over 接任the late＋人：已故的xx②On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company′s mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close.On the financial front 在财政方面under pressure 承受压力raise stock price 使股价升值mountainous debt 巨额债务电缆cable=cable TV 有线电视deals close [n]交易谈妥③He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.sell off 出售restructure [v]重组property 资产 private property私人财产 the right to intellectual property 知识产权①The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.flap [v/n]拍打→大众批评lap 一圈、轻拍②Levin has consistently defended the company′s rap music on the grounds of expression.3 consistently 一贯on the grounds of…以…为由expression 表达形式defend 捍卫③In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T′s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.be under fire for…因…受到严厉的批评release 发行violent 暴力的deserve 应得→应有outlet 便利店/出口→宣泄途径④“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won′t retreat in the face of any threats.”column 专栏test 检验democratic 民主的lie not in … but in…不在于…而在于…the widest possible 尽可能最大的latitude 纬度→范围disputable 有争议的dispute[v/n] contro ver sydebate contro ver sialirritating 愤怒的 irri t ate 使恼怒irri g ate 灌溉We won′t retreat in the face of any threats. 但我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。
re treat = withdraw 撤退[n/v] withdraw al①Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent.back off 放弃one′s hard line stand 坚定/强硬的立场to some extent/degree 某种程度上②During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month′s stockholders′ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of soc iety′s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.verse脚本 version版本→说法脱销out of stock股东stockholder=shareholder 股票交易stock exchange股市波动stock market swings/fluctuationscite 举例子③But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.balanced struggle保持平衡struggle [v/n]努力发起launch=initiate launch a drive/campaign 开展一场运动develop 制定 fashion conservation measuresdistribution 发行 production+distribution 制作与发行distribute 分布/分配/分发label [n/v]标签、标识为 lab=laboratorypotentially 可能地objectionable 令人反感的 objectify 使客观化、使具体化物体、反对 object to异议、反感 objection to opposite 相反的oppose to opposition to对于可能令人反感的音乐，公司将发起一场运动去制定发行和标识的标准。
4①The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy.individual 个体、个人member 成员、会员team 团队board 董事会panel 专家组society 协会 Red Cross Society 红十字会 clubs and societies社团scientific communityreligious communityhealth research communityacademic communitysupport = be supportive offavor = in favor of[n/v]支持corporate strategy 经营策略②But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter.insider 内部人士 insidious 隐蔽的sb.show one′s concerns in this matter sb.对此事表示担忧③“Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimit ed,” says Luce.for many，many years 很多很多年来Amendment 修正案 amend [n/v]修订be not totally unlimited 并非毫无限制④“I think it is perhaps the case{that some people[associated with the company]}have only recently come to realize t his.”I think it is perhaps the case that 我想情况可能是这样的A associated withB ：和B有关的A现在完成时 xxx have only recently come to realize this. xxx直到最近才逐渐认识到这一点。