2018年上海浦东新区高三二模试卷(附标准答案)
2018上海市浦东新区高考数学二模试题有答案
20. 已知函数 定义域为R，对于任意 R恒有 . （1）若 ，求 的值； （2）若 时， ，求函数 ， 的解析式及值域； （3）若 时， ，求 在区间 ， 上的最大值与最小值.
上海市浦东新区2018届高三二模数学试卷 2018.04
一. 填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分） 1. 2. 不等式 的解集为 3. 已知 是等比数列，它的前 项和为 ，且 ， ，则 4. 已知 是函数 的反函数，则 5. 二项展开式中的常数项为 6. 椭圆 （ 为参数）的右焦点坐标为 7. 满足约束条件 的目标函数 的最大值为 8. 函数 ， R的单调递增区间为 9. 已知抛物线型拱桥的顶点距水面2米时，量得水面宽为8米，当水面下降1米后，水 面的宽为 米 10. 一个四面体的顶点在空间直角坐标系 中的坐标分别是 、 、 、 ，则该四面体的体积为 11. 已知 是定义在R上的偶函数，且 在 上是增函数，如果对于任意 ， 恒成立，则实数 的取值范围是 12. 已知函数 ，若对于任意的正整数 ，在区间 上存在 个 实数 、 、 、 、 ，使得 成立，则 的最大 值为
上海市浦东新区2018届高三二模数学试卷 2018.04
一. 填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分） 1. 【解析】2 2. 不等式 的解集为 【解析】 3. 已知 是等比数列，它的前 项和为 ，且 ， ，则 【解析】 4. 已知 是函数 的反函数，则 【解析】 5. 二项展开式中的常数项为 【解析】 6. 椭圆 （ 为参数）的右焦点坐标为 【解析】 ，右焦点为 7. 满足约束条件 的目标函数 的最大值为 【解析】交点 代入最大， 8. 函数 ， R的单调递增区间为 【解析】 ，∴单调递增区间为 ， 9. 已知抛物线型拱桥的顶点距水面2米时，量得水面宽为8米，当水面下降1米后，水 面的宽为 米 【解析】设 ，代入 ，∴ ，∴ ，所以宽为 10. 一个四面体的顶点在空间直角坐标系 中的坐标分别是 、 、 、 ，则该四面体的体积为 【解析】是一个边长为 的正四面体，体积为 11. 已知 是定义在R上的偶函数，且 在上是增函数，如果对于任意， 恒成立，则实数 的取值范围是 【解析】 在 恒成立， 且 ，解得 12. 已知函数 ，若对于任意的正整数 ，在区间 上存在 个 实数 、 、 、 、 ，使得 成立，则 的最大 值为 【解析】 ，∴在区间 上最大值为 ，最小值为 ， ，即m的最大值为6
2018年上海浦东新区高三二模试卷(附答案)
2018年浦东新区高三二模语文试卷（时间150分钟，满分150分）2018.4一积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空（5分）（1），幽咽泉流冰下难。
（白居易《》）（2）香远益清，亭亭净植，。
（周敦颐《爱莲说》）（3）苏轼在《江城子》中有‚相顾无言，惟有泪千行‛的诗句，在柳永的《雨霖铃》中意境与之相似的一句是‚，‛。
2.按要求选择。
（5分）（1）今年南汇桃花节，小刘去踏青觅胜，欲留影配诗，下列诗句和赏花场景不匹配的一项是（）。
（2分）A.满树和娇烂漫红，万枝丹彩灼春融。
B.桃花一簇开无主，可爱深红爱浅红。
C.花开不并百花丛，独立疏篱趣无穷。
D.一树繁英夺眼红，开时先合占东风。
填入下面语段空白处的句子，最恰当的一项是（）。
（3分）文明是史，未进入文明之前是史前时期，未进入文明的文化是史前文化，未有字，焉有史？文明的标志当然是文字，，中国人大可底气十足地说，中华文明至少肇始于三千年前，其独一无二的持久性正有汉字之功。
A．而文明预示着文字有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋B．而文字预示着文明有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋C．而文明预示着文字有走向长寿与伟大的资本和禀赋D．而文字预示着文明有长寿的资本与走向伟大的禀赋二阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成3-7题。
（16分）导演的限制与自由①导演的地位和作用问题，是近代戏剧史上一个争论不休的话题。
主流派认为，剧本是舞台艺术的基础，导演则是剧本的诠释者和体现者。
导演创作，可以发展或充实刷本，但却不能违背原作的立意与风格。
从俄国的斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基到美国的贝拉斯科、中国的焦菊隐等，都持这种观点。
②也有人认为，导演是现代戏剧的核心，他可以随意篡改或解构剧本，甚至干脆不要据本，正如他有权设计布景，有权摆布演员，有权使用音响灯光一样。
一些先锋派导演或理论家多持这种观点。
如果把这种‚导演中心‛论限制在演出的范围内，还是有道理的，作为某种创新实验，更是无可厚非，但要推行于全部戏刷活动，恐怕就行不通了。
2018年浦东区高三二模数学(附解析)
上海市浦东新区2018届高三二模数学试卷2018.04一.填空题(本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分)… 2n 11.Iimn n 12.不等式一X0的解集为x 13•已知｛a n｝是等比数列，它的前n项和为S n，且83 4，8，则S5 _________________4.已知f 1(x)是函数f(x) log2(x 1)的反函数，贝U f 1(2) ______5.Ox丄)9二项展开式中的常数项为____________xx 2cos6.椭圆_ (为参数)的右焦点坐标为_____________y v3sinx 2y 42x y 3 一7.满足约束条件的目标函数f 3x 2y的最大值为_____________x 0y 08.函数f(x) cos2x ' 3si n2x , x R的单调递增区间为29.已知抛物线型拱桥的顶点距水面2米时，量得水面宽为8米，当水面下降1米后，水面的宽为________ 米10.一个四面体的顶点在空间直角坐标系O xyz中的坐标分别是(0,0,0)、(1,0,1)、(0,1,1)、(1,1,0),则该四面体的体积为 __________11.已知f(x)是定义在R上的偶函数，且f (x)在［0,)上是增函数，如果对于任意x ［1,2］, f (ax 1) f (x 3)恒成立，则实数a的取值范围是 _______________12.已知函数f (x) x2 5x 7 ,若对于任意的正整数n，在区间［1,n -］上存在m 1个n实数a。
、a1、a2、、a m，使得f(a°) f(Q) f(a2) f (a m)成立，则m 的最大值为_________二.选择题(本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分)213.已知方程x px 1 0的两虚根为洛、X2，若|X1 X2I 1，则实数p的值为( )A. 3B. 、5C. - 3 , ■- 5D. , 514. 在复数运算中下列三个式子是正确的： （1 ）1乙Z 2| | Z 1 |匕|;（ 2） | Z 1Z 2 ||Z 1 | | Z 2 |；r r r r（3）（z i Z 2） Z 3 Z 1 （Z 2 Z 3），相应的在向量运算中，下列式子：（1） | a b| | a | |b|;（2）|a b| |a| |b| ； （ 3）（a b ） c a （b c ），正确的个数是（ ） A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 315. 唐代诗人杜牧的七绝唐诗中有两句诗为：“今来海上升高望，不到蓬莱不成仙。
2018届浦东新区高考英语二模试卷和参考答案(不含听力)
浦东新区2017学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第 I 卷 (共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and vocabularySection APumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma (21)_______ (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt (22)_______ the puma began in a small village where a woman (23)_______ (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being (24)________ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at (25)_______ place twenty miles away in the evening. (26)_______ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of “cat-like noises” at night and a businessman on a (27)_______ (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, (28)_______ where had it come from?As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one (29)_______ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing (30)_______(think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperso n can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) (31)________ difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’thide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively (32)_______ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) (33)_______ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the (34)_______?For 20-odd years, I’ve ru n an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to (35)_______ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the (36)_______ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic(语言的) abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to (37)_______ candidates’ multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills --- but it’s also a far more important (38)_______ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City --- the most (39)_______ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was (40)_______ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him --- just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AHailing from Sweden, “plogging” is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging - adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport.Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and (41)_______ over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its (42)_______-- all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying (43)_______ to jogging, we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone (44)_______ - just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn’t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that’s getting people out in nature and connecting (45)_______ with their environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to (46)_______ our inland waterways of plastic pollution. “There’s been a real (47)_______ in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting how disastrous the crisis is,” she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through (48)_______ like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The Plastic Patrol app allows users to (49)_______ plastic anywhere in the world by collecting discarded items, photographing them and (50)_______ to the app, giving us a better knowledge o f what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. “I’d urge all ploggers to get involved,” adds Carr.Plogging isn’t the first fitness trend to combine running with a good cause. Here are some of our favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.(51)_______ among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far,(52)_______, Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get (53)_______. By linking themselves together, the (54)_______ - impaired individual can feel safe while both work up a sweat.(55) _______ for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者).41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D. control42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D. delight48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D. initiatives49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. CyclingSection B(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books onthe early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word “thumbed” is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical book(B)Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master’s degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degreefrom the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US,means a possible career on Wall Street.It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhatdecides your future. And a recent New York Times articlereveals the correlation between MBA（Master of BusinessAdministration）graduates at certain US schools and career prospects.To work at AmazonRoss School of Business（University of Michigan）Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 businessschools than big Wall Street firms. And a large chunk ofAmerican’s empl oyees are from Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy,vice president of Amazon Marketplace, says the reason behindthis is that Ross’s curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solving course for instance, are particularly well suited to Amazon.To work at McKinsey&CompanyKellogg School of Management（Northwestern）For an MBA, landing a job at Mckinsey is like trying to get intoa competitive business school over again. However, Kellogggraduates perform well in the fierce competition. The school’sMBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms, which hired 35percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage thanat Harvard（23 percent）and Stanford（16 percent）.To work at AppleFuqua School of Business（Duke）Silicon Valley hasn’t always welcomed MBAs. However, two of Apple’s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the pass five years, and provided 42 internships for Duke students.To start your own companyHarvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US.60. Which university offers students a course on various approaches to difficulties at work?A. Kellogg School of Management.B. Ross School of Business.C. Harvard Business School.D. Fuqua School of Business.61. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg.B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders.C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage.D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon.62. If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in _____.A. Wharton SchoolB. Kellogg School of ManagementC. Ross School of BusinessD. Fuqua School of Business(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. Firs t, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, theirventure cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars m ission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck （敬畏的）staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or auto mated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science --- the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion（推进力）? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expediti on and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that ______.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain America’s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries.Section CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. ___67___ And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground – and now they are being talked about – and played – again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: ___68___ I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?___69___ The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says "it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with – your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb–and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. ___70___ This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.Ⅳ. 71. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Every time there is a mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends to flare up in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesn’t the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the 1600s, when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot ofdangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in America’s Independe nt War and the Civil War.Secondly, the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the US Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the“right to keep and bear arms.”So the sale and purchase of firearms are legal in the United States according to law.The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nation’s early years, hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country. People spend time with friends, sharing the pleasure that the sport brings.For those reasons, when critics say guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the picture, and they misrepresent the complex nature of America’s diverse gun culture. Most people wh o own guns privately, are actually part of the gun culture. They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们常常忍不住秒回刚收到的信息。
2018年浦东新区高考数学二模含答案
2018年浦东新区⾼考数学⼆模含答案2018年浦东新区⾼考数学⼆模含答案 2018．4注意：1．答卷前，考⽣务必在试卷上指定位置将学校、班级、姓名、考号填写清楚．2．本试卷共有21道试题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．⼀、填空题（本⼤题共有12⼩题，满分54分）只要求直接填写结果，1-6题每个空格填对得4分，7-12题每个空格填对得5分，否则⼀律得零分．21lim 1n n n →+∞+=- .2 2.不等式01xx <-的解集为________.(0,1)3.已知{}n a 是等⽐数列，它的前n 项和为n S ，且34,a =48a =-，则5S = ________.114.已知1()f x -是函数2()log (1)f x x =+的反函数，则1(2)f -=________.35.91)x⼆项展开式中的常数项为________.846.椭圆2cos ,x y θθ=（θ为参数）的右焦点为________.(1,0)7.满⾜约束条件2423x y x y x y +≤??+≤?≥≥的⽬标函数32f x y =+的最⼤值为________.1638.函数2()cos 2,R f x x x x =+∈的单调递增区间为____________.,,36Z k k k ππππ?-+∈9.已知抛物线型拱桥的顶点距⽔⾯2⽶时，量得⽔⾯宽为8⽶。
当⽔⾯下降1⽶后，⽔⾯的宽为_____⽶。
10.—个四⾯体的顶点在空间直⾓坐标系xyz O -中的坐标分别是(0,0,0)，(1,0,1)，(0,1,1)，(1,1，0)，则该四⾯体的体积为________.111.已知()f x 是定义在R 上的偶函数，且()f x 在[)0,+∞上是增函数，如果对于任意[1,2]x ∈，(1)(3)f ax f x +≤-恒成⽴，则实数a 的取值范围是________.[1,0]-12.已知函数2()57f x x x =-+.若对于任意的正整数n ，在区间51,n n ??+上存在1m +个实数012,,,,m a a a a 使得012()()()()m f a f a f a f a >+++成⽴，则m 的最⼤值为________.6⼆、选择题(本⼤题共有4⼩题，满分20分) 每⼩题都给出四个选项，其中有且只有⼀个选项是正确的，选对得 5分，否则⼀律得零分．13.已知⽅程210x px -+=的两虚根为12,x x ，若121x x -=，则实数p 的值为（）A A ． 3± B ．5± C. 3,5 D ． 3,5±± 14.在复数运算中下列三个式⼦是正确的：（1）1212z z z z +≤+，（2）1212z z z z ?=?，（3）123123()()z z z z z z ??=??；相应的在向量运算中，下列式⼦：（1）a b a b +≤+，（2）a b a b ?=?，（3）()()a b c a b c ??=??；正确的个数是（）BA ． 0B ．1 C. 2 D ．315.唐代诗⼈杜牧的七绝唐诗中两句诗为“今来海上升⾼望，不到蓬莱不成仙。
2018年上海市浦东新区高考化学二模试卷
2018年上海市浦东新区高考化学二模试卷一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确答案）1．（2分）合金在生产生活中具有广泛的用途。
不属于合金的是（）A．明矾B．硬铝C．生铁D．青铜2．（2分）12C和13C原子之间，相等的是（）A．原子质量B．中子数C．质量数D．电子数3．（2分）含有共价键的离子晶体是（）A．H2SO4B．KOH C．MgCl2D．Na2O4．（2分）硫化氢能与二氧化硫反应，说明硫化氢具有（）A．还原性B．氧化性C．酸性D．不稳定性5．（2分）化学反应中的能量变化符合如图所示的是（）A．甲烷燃烧B．碳酸钙高温分解C．电石与水反应D．酸碱中和6．（2分）铁在一定条件下与下列物质发生的反应，不属于置换反应的是（）A．水B．稀盐酸C．硫粉D．硫酸铜7．（2分）氮是植物生长的必需元素。
有关说法中错误的是（）A．氮气分子很稳定 B．氨气是极性分子C．尿素属于铵态氮肥D．闪电实现了大气固氮8．（2分）有关Al2O3的叙述正确的是（）A．可用于净水B．是碱性氧化物C．可与水化合成Al（OH）3D．可通过铝热反应生成9．（2分）下列物质中能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色的是（）A．溴乙烷B．乙酸乙酯C．甲烷D．乙炔10．（2分）物质之间发生化学反应时，一定发生变化的是（）A．总物质的量B．原子个数C．化学键D．化合价11．（2分）测定胆矾晶体中结晶水含量的实验中，有关操作所用仪器错误的是（）A．研磨B．称量C．加热D．冷却12．（2分）有关水的表述正确的是（）A．电子式为B．是直线型分子C．是非电解质D．可以作氧化剂13．（2分）能证明乙酸是弱酸的是（）A．乙酸钠溶液pH＞7 B．乙酸溶液能导电C．乙酸溶液能使石蕊变红D．乙酸溶液易挥发14．（2分）氧和硫是同主族元素，下列事实不能说明氧的非金属性比硫强的是（）A．酸性：H2S＞H2O B．热稳定性：H2O＞H2SC．原子半径：S＞O D．化合价：SO2中S为正价15．（2分）海水提溴和海带提碘都需要经过浓缩、氧化、提取三个步骤。
2018年上海市浦东新区高考二模英语(含听力)试题(解析版)
上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题I. Listening ComprehensionSection A —10分Directions: In Section A. you will hear fen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Challenges.B. Hobbies.C. Jobs.D. Experiences.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: The set of stamps are rare. It took me a long time to collect them. By the way, do you like collecting stamps?W: Yes, but I prefer something challenging.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Interesting.B. Boring.C. Difficult.D. Amazing.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: How do you find your Shanghai dialect learning, Mike?M: Oh, it’s quite beyond my capacity.Q: What does the man think of learning Shanghai dialect?3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Watching TV and videos.B. Replacing videos with TV.C. Parents’ involvement.D. Having baby sitters.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Sometimes when I’m busy, I let my baby watch videos. Can t his help his mental development? M: Passive activity probably won’t hurt, but TV and videos are poor substitutes for parents’ involvement. Q: What is good for babies’ mental growth according to the man?4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. A policeman.B. An accountant.C. A salesman.D. A bank teller.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: I need your ID and account number before I can cash your check.W: Sure, here’s my passport and driving license and my account number is on this card.Q: What’s the man’s occupation?5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. 7:40.B. 7:15.C. 7:20.D. 7:45.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Take it easy. It’s only 7:30 now. There are still 15 minutes to go before the movie starts. W: Don’t you remember our clock is 10 minutes slow?Q: What’s the time now?6.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He will get someone to do it.B. She should do it herself.C. They don’t have to do it.D. He will clean the desk right away.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Hey, honey, can you grab a duster and get this desk cleaned?M: Oh, don’t bother. We are leaving in a minute.Q: What does the man mean?7.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. By bus.B. By subway.C. By taxi.D. By car.【解析】【原文】W: An exhibition of Picasso’s paintings is being held. Do you want to go with me?M: How can I miss it! But with the bus drivers on strike and taxis so expensive, we have no choice but to take the subway. If only we had a car.Q: How will they go to the exhibition?8.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He is not a good mechanic.B. He doesn’t keep his word.C. He spends his spare time doing repairs.D. He is always ready to offer help to others.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he had time.M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.Q: What does the man imply about Tom?9.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. She has been having a sad day.B. She needs to take a day off.C. She wants to play basketball, too.D. She has been annoyed by the noise.【解析】【原文】M: Why haven’t you done your homework yet? It’s been a whole day.W: Oh, Daddy! How can I concentrate with that noise? The boys have been playing basketball all day long, just outside my window.Q: What does the girl mean?10.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. The man isn’t sure about the rehearsal.B. It’s better for the woman to wear a costume.C. The woman would regret it if she wore a costume.D. It wouldn’t make any difference if the woman did it.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Would it be OK if I wore a costume for the rehearsal tomorrow?M: Oh you would regret it if you didn’t.Q: What can we learn from the dialogue?Section B—15 分Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear q question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11.A. He qualified as a teacher.B. He became a student.C. He became a government researcher.D. He conducted a research on Zimbabwe.12.A. Children’s minds are not used to the full.B. It is a great drain on children’s time and energy.C. It highlights the flexibility of children’s minds.D. It prevents children from seeking answers by themselves.13.A. To teach people to understand the worldB. To instruct people how to raise good questions.C. To encourage people to study as they get older.D. To inform people of problems in foreign countries.【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B【解析】【原文】“You are never too old to learn.” is what my father always told me, and he proved it. At the age of 55, he quit working to become a full-time student at our local university, studying government and political science. I understand now why he did it. Education is kind of wasted on the young. Sure, we teach children because young minds are flexible and open, but making them memorize hundreds of facts is a poor substitution for learning. I think the greatest service we can do is to teach children to ask questions and guide them in seeking the answers for themselves. “What’s the capital of Zimbabwe?” is a much less important question than, “What problems do people have in Zimbabwe?” If people were taught to ask the right q uestionsfrom a young age, the world wouldn’t be as hard to understand when they’re older. I think that’s the way my father saw it.QuestionsWhat did his father do later in his life?Which of the following statement is wrong about memorizing facts?What’s his father’s opinion on the main purpose of education? .Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】14.A. To serve as a time killer.B. To cultivate people’s reading killsC. To promote the sales of some books.D. To encourage people to take public transportation15A. The stories are the short edition of some website articles.B. Users can choose the length and type of the stories.C. The stories are obtained by simply pressing a button.D. Users don’t need to pay for the short stories.16.A. From the boring travel experience.B. From the love for short stories.C. From the positive feedbackD. From the snack vending machine.【答案】14. A 15. B 16. D【解析】【原文】Readers in Grenoble, a French city, can now enjoy a small bite of fiction instead of the snacks from the vending machine after the introduction of eight short-story dispensers.The free stories are available at the touch of a button, printing out on rolls of paper like a receipt. Readers are able to choose one minute, three minutes or five minutes of fiction. Just two weeks since launch, more than 10,000 stories have already been printed.The feedback is overwhelmingly positive. There are only eight dispensers in the city of Grenoble for now, but more are planned to be introduced. Requests are from all over the world—Australia, the US, Canada, Russia, Greece, Italy and Chile.Pleplé, the French publisher, hopes the stories will be used to fill the “dead time” of a regular journey to and from the place of one’s work. In the bus or the metro, everyone can make the most of these moments to read short stories, poems or short comics.The stories are drawn from the more than 60,000 stories on Short édition’s community website. Users are not able to choose what type of story—romantic, fantastical or comic—they would like to read.Pleplé said he and his team initially came up with the idea when having a break at the snack vending machine. They thought it would be cool to have it for short stories. Then, a couple of days later, the short-story dispenser was born.Questions:What is the purpose of the story dispenser?Which of the following is not true about the stories?Where does Pleplé’s inspiration come from?Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】17. A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 10.18.A. Because his friends don’t get off work till 5 p.m.B. Because there will be more friends to go to the cinema on Friday.C. Because the film will be more popular than the Wednesday’s.D. Because there are not enough tickets left for the 9 p.m. showing.19.A. Paying a deposit.B. E-ordering in advance.C. Paying right away.D. Collecting tickets one day ahead.20. A. The film. B. The date C. The seating. D. The viewers.【答案】17. A 18. D 19. C 20. A【解析】【原文】W: Welcome to Wanda International Cinema. Can I help you?M: Umm… I want to know when “Operation Red Sea” is showing today.W: There are 6 showings today, one in the morning, another at noon, and then 3 p.m., 6 p.m., 9 p. m., and a midnight showing.M: OK, I want 5 tickets for the 9 p.m. showing tonight. Are there still 5 tickets available that are seated together?W: I’m sorry, there are only 3 tickets left. How about the 6 p.m. showing? There are still 7 tickets left for that show.M: But we have a date for dinner at 5 p.m., so we won't make the beginning of the movie.W: So would you like to see another movie? “Detective China Town 2” is very popular, too.M: No, we all want to see this one. Is there any way that we could buy tickets now for Friday’s screens?W: You can order ti ckets right now for the next three days. It’s Wednesday today. So, that’s OK. What time would you like?M: The 9 p.m. showing. I think there might be more people who want to see the movie on Friday. How many tickets can I buy at one time?W: The limit for advanced tickets is 10.M: OK, I'll have 8 tickets for the showing of “Operation Red Sea”. Are the tickets available?W: Yes, you’re lucky.M: By the way, when can I pick up the tickets?W: You can have them right now if you pay for them.M: Great! Thanks!Questions:How many tickets does the man want to buy for the 9 p.m. showing on Wednesday?Why does the man decide to buy the Friday's tickets?What will the man probably do to ensure 8 tickets for Friday?What does the man insists on?II. Grammar and vocabularySection A—10分Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma ___21___ (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt ___22___ the puma began in a small village where a woman ___23___ (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts conf irmed that a puma will not attack a human being ___24___ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at ___25___ place twenty miles away in the evening.___26___ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a ___27___ (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, ___28___ where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one ___29___ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, butthe puma was not caught. It is disturbing ___30___ (think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.【答案】21. had been spotted22. for 23. picking24. unless 25. another26. Wherever27. fishing28. but 29. must30. to think【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了有人发现一只野生美洲狮出现在伦敦以南40英里处的一个村子里，专家们已经展开调查，这引发了人们的不安。
上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期质量调研(二模)数学试(含详细解答)
上海市浦东新区2018届高三二模数学试卷2018.04一. 填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1. 21lim1n n n →+∞+=-2. 不等式01xx <-的解集为3. 已知{}n a 是等比数列，它的前n 项和为n S ，且34a =，48a =-，则5S =4. 已知1()f x -是函数2()log (1)f x x =+的反函数，则1(2)f -=5. 91()x x+二项展开式中的常数项为6. 椭圆2cos 3sin x y θθ=⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩（θ为参数）的右焦点坐标为7. 满足约束条件242300x y x y x y +≤⎧⎪+≤⎪⎨≥⎪⎪≥⎩的目标函数32f x y =+的最大值为8. 函数23()cos sin 22f x x x =+，x ∈R 的单调递增区间为 9. 已知抛物线型拱桥的顶点距水面2米时，量得水面宽为8米，当水面下降1米后，水 面的宽为 米10. 一个四面体的顶点在空间直角坐标系O xyz -中的坐标分别是(0,0,0)、(1,0,1)、(0,1,1)、(1,1,0)，则该四面体的体积为11. 已知()f x 是定义在R 上的偶函数，且()f x 在[0,)+∞上是增函数，如果对于任意[1,2]x ∈，(1)(3)f ax f x +≤-恒成立，则实数a 的取值范围是12. 已知函数2()57f x x x =-+，若对于任意的正整数n ，在区间5[1,]n n+上存在1m +个 实数0a 、1a 、2a 、⋅⋅⋅、m a ，使得012()()()()m f a f a f a f a >++⋅⋅⋅+成立，则m 的最大 值为二. 选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13. 已知方程210x px -+=的两虚根为1x 、2x ，若12||1x x -=，则实数p 的值为（ ） A. 3± B. 5± C. 3，5 D. 3±，5±14. 在复数运算中下列三个式子是正确的：（1）1212||||||z z z z +≤+；（2）1212||||||z z z z ⋅=⋅；（3）123123()()z z z z z z ⋅⋅=⋅⋅，相应的在向量运算中，下列式子：（1）||||||a b a b +≤+；（2）||||||a b a b ⋅=⋅；（3）()()a b c a b c ⋅⋅=⋅⋅，正确的个数是（ ）A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 315. 唐代诗人杜牧的七绝唐诗中有两句诗为：“今来海上升高望，不到蓬莱不成仙。
2018年上海市浦东新区高考英语二模试卷
2018年上海市浦东新区高考英语二模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．(★)A． Challenges． B． Hobbies． C． Jobs． D． Experiences．2．(★)A． Interesting． B． Boring． C． Difficult． D． Amazing．3．(★)A． Watching TV and videos．B． Replacing videos with TV．C． Parents' involvement．D． Having baby sitters．4．(★)A． A policeman． B． An accountant． C． A salesman． D． A bank teller． 5．(★)A． 7：40． B． 7：15． C． 7：20． D． 7：45．6．(★★★)A． He will get someone to do it．B． She should do it herself．C． They don't have to do it．D． He will clean the desk right away．7．(★★★)A． By bus． B． By subway． C． By taxi． D． By car．8．(★★★)A． He is not a good mechanic．B． He doesn't keep his word．C． He spends his spare time doing repairs．D． He is always ready to offer help to others．9．(★★★)A． She has been having a sad day．B． She needs to take a day off．C． She wants to play basketball， too．D． She has been annoyed by the noise．10．(★★★)A． The man isn't sure about the rehearsal．B． It's better for the woman to wear a costume．C． The woman would regret it if she wore a costume．D． It wouldn't make any difference if the woman did it．11．(★★★)（1）A． He qualified as a teacher．B． He became a student．C． He became a government researcher．D． He conducted a research on Zimbabwe．（2）A． Children's minds are not used to the full．B． It is a great drain on children's time and energy．C． It highlights the flexibility of children's minds．D． It prevents children from seeking answers by themselves．（3）A． To teach people to understand the worldB． To instruct people how to raise good questions．C． To encourage people to study as they get older．D． To inform people of problems in foreign countries．12．(★★★)（1）A． To serve as a time killer．B． To cultivate people's reading killsC． To promote the sales of some books．D． To encourage people to take public transportation（2）A． The stories are the short edition of some website articles．B． Users can choose the length and type of the stories．C． The stories are obtained by simply pressing a button．D． Users don't need to pay for the short stories．（3）A． From the boring travel experience．B． From the love for short stories．C． From the positive feedbackD． From the snack vending machine．13．(★★★)（1）A． 5． B． 7． C． 8． D． 10．（2）A． Because his friends don't get off work till 5 p．m．B． Because there will be more friends to go to the cinema on Friday．C． Because the film will be more popular than the Wednesday's．D． Because there are not enough tickets left for the 9 p．m． showing．（3）A． Paying a deposit．B． E-ordering in advance．C． Paying right away．D． Collecting tickets one day ahead．（4）A． The film． B． The dateC． The seating． D． The viewers．II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A-10分 Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.14．(★★)Pumas are large， cat-like animals which are found in America． When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma （1）（spot） forty miles south of London， they were not taken seriously． However， as the evidence began to accumulate， experts decided to investigate．The hunt（2） the puma began in a small village where a woman（3）（pick） blackberries saw "a large cat" only five yards away from her． Itimmediately ran away when she saw it， and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being （4） it is cornered． The search proved difficult，for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at（5）place twenty miles away in the evening．（6） it went， it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits． Several people complained ofcat-like noises at night and a businessman on a （7）（fish） trip saw the puma up a tree．The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma，（8）where had it come from？ As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country， this one（9） have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape． The hunt went on for several weeks， but the puma was not caught． It is disturbing （10）（think） a dangerous wild animalis still at large in the quiet countryside．Section B-10分 Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．(★★★★)A． network B． specify C． traditionallyD． ingredientE． uneasy F． additional G． culturally H． blockI． determine J． requirement K． criticalA multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good， enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world， and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime．You cannot motivate anyone， especially someone of another culture， until that person has accepted you． A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages ofa product in other languages， but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it． That's a（an）（1） difference．No one likes foreigners who are arrogant（自大的） about their ownculture． The trouble is most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can't hide it． Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers， which may effectively（2）any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them．Multiculturalism is a（an）（3） that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions． Even if your company is not a multinational one， chances are you're in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers Do you have the right employee to buildup the（4）？For 20-odd years， I've run an executive-search firm from Brussels． Whenclients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position， I start by asking them to （5） the qualifications their ideal candidate would have． Most often they list the same qualities they would want fora domestic position， but with the（6） requirement that the new manager befluent enough in English， German and French to cope with faxes and email． It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic （语言的）abilities they see as crucial are not enough．Of course， it's far more difficult to （7） candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills-but it's also a far more important（8）to success． I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico． He'd studied Spanish， and had grown up in New YorkCity-the most （9） diverse place in America． But when I interviewed him，he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture，and moreover he was （10） about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe． I rejected him just as Mexican buyers would have if he'd been selected for the job．III. Reading ComprehensionSection A-15分 Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．(★★)Hailing from Sweden， "plogging" is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging adding a virtuous，environmentally driven element to the sport． Plogging appears to have started around 2016， but is now going global， due to increasing awareness and （1）over plastic levels in the ocean．The appeal of plogging is its（2） -all you need is running gear and a bin bag， and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause． By adding regular squats（蹲） to pick up junk and carrying （3） to jogging． we can assume the health benefits are increased．Running and good causes have always gone（4） - just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do． But there couldn't be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging．Anything that's getting people out in nature and connecting （5） with their I environment is a good thing， says Lizzie Carr， an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol， a nationwide campaign to （6） our inland waterways of plastic pollution． There's been a real（7） in the public mindset around plastics， helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting how disastrous the crisis is，" she says．We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up， and empower people through （8） like plogging and Plastic Patrol．The plastic Patrol app allows users to（9） plastic anywhere in theworld by collecting discarded items， photographing them and（10） to the app， giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out． "I'd urge all ploggers to get involved，" adds Carr．Plogging isn't the first fitness trend to combine running with a good cause，Here are some of our favourites：Good GymIts idea is simple： go for a run， visit an elderly person， have a chat and some tea， and run back．（11） among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK． With over 10，000 runs so far，（12）， Good Gym is finding a solution．Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get（13）． By linking themselves together， the （14） -impaired individual can feel safe while both work of a sweat．（15） for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless． Deliveries are mostly made by bike， so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers（无家可归者）．（1）A． satisfaction B． hesitation C． fear D． control（2）A． complexity B． simplicity C． instrument D． expense（3）A． substance B． responsibility C． value D． weight（4）A． one on one B． head to toe C． hand in hand D． on and off（5）A． positively B． neutrally C． objectively D． fairly（6）A． accuse B． rid C． assure D． rob（7）A． shift B． interest C． aid D． delight（8）A． motives B． performances C． exercises D． initiatives（9）A． eliminate B． map C． seek D． degrade（10）A． leading B． devoting C． ending D． uploading（11）A． Disappointment B． Tiredness C． Sickness D． Loneliness（12）A． therefore B． moreover C． however D． instead（13）A． excited B． ready C． active D． smart（14）A． visually B． audibly C． visibly D． sensibly（15）A． Running B． Plogging C． Driving D． CyclingSection B-22 分 Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．(★★)In 1982， I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking's third academicbook for the Press， Superspace and Supergravity． This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity． While that book was in production， I suggested he try something easier： a popular book about the nature of the Universe， suitable for the general market．Stephen hesitated over my suggestion． He already had an internationalreputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity． And he had concerns about financial matters： importantly，it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect hisfamily in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care． So，he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book．At the time， several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes． Stephen decided to write a more personal approach， by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory．One afternoon， in the 1980s， he invited me to take a look at the first draft，but first he wanted to discuss cash． He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research， and that he expected advances and royalties （定金和版税）to be large． When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw， he insisted thatit be on sale， up front， at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US． I told that was a tough call for a university press． Then I [thumbed] thetypescript． To my dismay， the text was far too technical for a general reader．A few weeks later he showed me a revision， much improved． Eventually， he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a universitypress． Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988． Sales took offlike a rocket， and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years． The book's impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable．（1）What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking？A． Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity．B． Formulating a new theory of gravity．C． Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe．D． Revising a book based on a new theory．（2）Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about？A． Financial returns．B． Other competitors．C． Publishing houses．D． His family's life insurance．（3）The underlined word thumbed is closest in meaning to ．A． praisedB． typedC． confirmedD． browsed（4）The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in ．A． bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB． keeping up the living standard of his familyC． making popular science available to the general publicD． creating the rocketing sales of a technical book18．(★★)Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master's degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job， while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania， US， means a possible career on Wall Street．It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future． Anda recent New York Times article reveals the correlationbetween MBA （Master of Business Administration） graduates at certain US schools and career prospects．[To work at Amazon]Ross School of Business （University of Michigan）Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools than big Wall Street firms． And a large chunk of Americans employees are from Ross． Graduate Peter Faricy， vice president of Amazon Marketplace， says the reason behind thisis that Ross' curriculum-related offerings， a problem-solvingcourse for instance，are particularly well suited to Amazon．[To work at McKinsey& Company]Kellogg School of Management （Northwestern）For an MBA， landing a job at McKinsey is like trying to get into a competitive business school all over again． However， Kellogg graduates perform well in the fierce competition． The school's MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms，which hired 35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year， a higher percentage than atHarvard （23 percent） and Stanford （16 percent）．[To work at Apple]Fuqua School of Business （Duke）Silicon alley hasn't always welcomed MBAs． However， two of Apple's top 10executives come from Fuqua． Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the past five years， and provided 42 internships for Duke students．[To start your own company]Harvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results． By many accounts， it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US．（1）Which university offers students a course on various approaches todifficulties at work？A． Kellogg School of Management．B． Ross School of Business．C． Harvard Business School．D． Fuqua School of Business．（2）According to the passage， which of the following is true？A． Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg．B． Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders．C． To work at Apple， MBA graduates have an advantage．D． Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon．（3）If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products， you may choose to study in ．A． Wharton SchoolB． Kellogg School of ManagementC． Ross School of BusinessD． Fuqua School of Business19．(★★)"Two centuries ago， Lewis and Clark left St． Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase，" George W． Bush said， announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars． They made that journey in the spirit of discovery． America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons．" Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark's expedition and a Mars mission． First， they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living． Second， they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation． Third， their venture cost next to nothing by today's standards． A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U．S． history．Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is， it does not mean the journey makes sense， even considering the human calling to explore． And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology．Present systems for getting from Earth's surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1，000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits， education spending， or other important programs-or by raising taxes． Absent some remarkable discovery， astronauts， geologists， andbiologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck （敬畏的） staring into the sky of another world． Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life， and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people．It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal， he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars， discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system， and study of the soil of Mars． All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes． Bush's proposal， which calls for reprogramming someof NASA's present budget into the Mars effort， might actually lead to a reductionin such unmanned science-the one aspect of space exploration that's working really well．Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Marsusing current technology， why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion （推进力）？ lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably， and advanced propulsion could speed up that long， slow transit to Mars， the dream of stepping onto thered planet might become reality． Mars will still be there when the technology is ready．（1）What do Lewis and Clark's expedition and a Mars mission have in common？A． Instant value．B． Human inhabitance．C． Venture cost．D． Exploring spirit．（2）Bush's proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that ．A． its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford．B． American people's well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC． great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD． unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment （3）Which cannot be concluded from the passage？A． Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic．B． A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program．C． Bush's proposal is based on three recent great achievements of spaceexplorationD． The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed．（4）What is the main idea of the passage？A． Risky as it is， a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader．B． A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America．C． Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense．D． A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won't make great discoveries．Section C-8分 Directions： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．(★★★)A． Being simple might be another reason．B． It was the only affordable way to play them．C． We should have admiration for this old technology．D． The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing．E． Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive．F． So it seems like its not ‘game over' for old-school technologyRetro GamingThere's no doubt that in today's digital world， computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago． So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with， are making a revival． But Why？In the 1970s， the original place to play a computer game was at anarcade． Here， you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman．（1） And because of the technology involved，the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house．But in the 1980s and 90s， gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted． The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris， Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground-and now they are being talked about-and playedagain． One of the reasons is the low cost． The BBC spoke to gamer， Gemma Wood，who says that：（2） I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc…but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy？（3） The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike． And of course， nostalgia plays its part． Some people want to relive their childhood while for others， it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with．Technology journalist， KG Orphanides， says "it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are…the developers had so little spaceto work with-your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb-and limited graphics and sound capabilities． This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games．（4）This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on． And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience， manufacturers such as Nintendo， are bringing back some oftheir older consoles in new style casing．IV. Summary Writing-10分21．(★★★★)Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as， far as possible．Every time there is a mass shooting， the debate surrounding guns tends toflare up in America． The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along， but why doesn't the US government just dismiss owning guns privately？The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society． As early as the 1600s， when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America， they had to face a lot of dangers． They could only rely on themselves． Therefore， guns played a significant role in self-defense． Guns were also important in American's Independent War and the Civil War．Secondly， the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country． If the government distrusts the people and disarms them， then that government no longer represents the people． The Second Amendment to the US Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the "right to keep and bear arms．" So the sale and purchase of firearms are legal in the United States according to law．The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture． In the nation's early years， hunting was essential for food and shelter． Today， guns are a vital part of hunting， which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country． People spend time with friends， sharing the pleasure that the sport brings．For those reasons， when critics say guns mean violence， they miss a large part of the picture， and they misrepresent the complex nature of America's diverse gun culture． Most people who own guns privately， are actually part of the gun culture． They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns．V. Translation-15分 Directions： Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．(★★★★)我们常常忍不住秒回刚收到的信息．（can't help）23．(★★★★★)当地政府不打算把音乐厅拆了，而是重新修复一下．（instead of）24．(★★★★)学生在英语写作中词不达意的现象值得每位英语教师关注．（worth）25．(★★★)这部关于四代学生追寻爱情、志趣和梦想的电影如此感人，老老少少都想一睹为快．（So）VI. Guided Writing-25分26．(★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．生活本来不容易，当你觉得容易的时候，其实……1．请简要描述图片．2．谈谈由此引发的感想．。
(完整版)2018年上海市浦东新区高三二模数学试卷(含答案),推荐文档
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2018上海市浦东新区高中英语二模(含答案)
浦东新区2017学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第 I 卷 (共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and vocabularySection APumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma (21)_______ (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt (22)_______ the puma began in a small village where a woman (23)_______ (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being (24)________ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at (25)_______ place twenty miles away in the evening. (26)_______ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of “cat-like noises”at night and a businessman on a (27)_______ (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, (28)_______ where had it come from?As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one (29)_______ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing (30)_______(think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.Section BA. networkB. specifyC. traditionallyD. ingredientE. uneasyF. additionalG. culturallyH. blockI. determineJ. requirementK. criticalA multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) (31)________ difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers,which may effectively (32)_______ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) (33)_______ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’r e in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the (34)_______?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to (35)_______ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the (36)_______ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic(语言的) abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to (37)_______ candidates’ mu lticulturalism than it is to check their language skills --- but it’s also a far more important (38)_______ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City --- the most (39)_______ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was (40)_______ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him --- just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AHailing from Sweden, “plogging” is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging - adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport.Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and (41)_______ over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its (42)_______-- all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying (43)_______ to jogging, we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone (44)_______ - just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn’t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that’s getting people out in nature and connecting (45)_______ with their environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to (46)_______ our inland waterways of plastic pollution. “There’s been a real (47)_______ in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting how disastrous the crisis is,” she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through (48)_______ like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The Plastic Patrol app allows users to (49)_______ plastic anywhere in the world by collecting discarded items, photographing them and (50)_______ to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. “I’d urge all ploggers to get involved,” adds Carr.Plo gging isn’t the first fitness trend to combine running with a good cause. Here are some of our favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.(51)_______ among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far,(52)_______, Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get (53)_______. By linking themselves together, the (54)_______ - impaired individual can feel safe while both work up a sweat.(55) _______ for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者).41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D. control42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D. delight48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D. initiatives49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. CyclingSection B(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that heexpected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concernedabout?A. Financial returns.B. Othercompetitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s lifeinsurance.58. The underlined word “thumbed” is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in_______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical book(B)Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master’s degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US, means a possible career on Wall Street.It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future. And a recent New York Times article reveals the correlation between MBA（Master of Business Administration）graduates at certain US schools and career prospects.To work at AmazonRoss School of Business（University of Michigan）Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools than big Wall Street firms. And a large chunk of American’s employees are from Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy, vice president of Amazon Marketplace, says the reason behind this is that Ross’s curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solving course for instance, are particularly well suited to Amazon.To work at McKinsey&CompanyKellogg School of Management（Northwestern）For an MBA, landing a job at Mckinsey is like trying to get into a competitive business schoolover again. However, Kellogg graduates perform well in the fierce competition. The school’s MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms, which hired 35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage than at Harvard（23 percent）and Stanford（16 percent）.To work at AppleFuqua School of Business（Duke）Silicon Valley hasn’t always welcomed MBAs. However, two of Apple’s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the pass five years, and provided 42 internships for Duke students.To start your own companyHarvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US.60. Which university offers students a course on various approaches to difficulties at work?A. Kellogg School of Management.B. Ross School of Business.C. Harvard Business School.D. Fuqua School of Business.61. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg.B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders.C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage.D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon.62. If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in _____.A. Wharton SchoolB. Kellogg School of ManagementC. Ross School of BusinessD. Fuqua School of Business(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journ ey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth’s surfa ce to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck（敬畏的）staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science --- the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion（推进力）? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that ______.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain America’s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries.Section CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Being simple might be another reason.B. It was the only affordable way to play them.C. We should have admiration for this old technology.D. The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing.E. Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive.F. So it seems like it’s not‘game over’for old-school technology.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. ___67___ And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground – and now they are being talked about – and played – again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: ___68___ I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?___69___ The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says "it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with – your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb–and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. ___70___ This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.Ⅳ. 71. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Every time there is a mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends to flare up in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesn’t the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the 1600s, when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in America’s Independent War and the Civil War.Secondly, the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the US Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the“right to keep and bear arms.”So the sale and purchase of firearms are legal in the United States according to law.The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nation’s early years, hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country. People spend time with friends, sharing the pleasure that the sport brings.For those reasons, when critics say guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the picture, and they misrepresent the complex nature of America’s diverse gun culture. Most people who ownguns privately, are actually part of the gun culture. They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们常常忍不住秒回刚收到的信息。
【物理】上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)试题(word版附答案解析)
浦东新区2017学年度第二学期教学质量检测高三物理 2018.04考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
全卷包括三大题，第一大题为单项选择题，第二大题为填空题，第三大题为综合题。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题（共40分。
第1-8小题，每小题3分，第9-12小题，每小题4分。
每小题只有一个正确答案。
）1．阴极射线是（）A．质子流B．电子流C．光子流D．中子流2．如果用绿光照射某金属表面能发生光电效应，那么一定能使该金属发生光电效应的是（）A．用蓝光照射B．用黄光照射C．用红外线照射D．用红光照射3．关于分子间的引力和斥力，下列说法正确的是（）A．分子间的引力总是大于斥力B．分子间的斥力随分子间距离增大而增大C．分子间的引力随分子间距离增大而减小D．分子间的引力和斥力不随分子间距离变化而变化4．用某单色光做光的双缝干涉实验，能在光屏上观察到干涉条纹。
若把其中一条缝遮住，则在光屏上（）A．没有任何条纹B．只有一条亮条纹C．有等间距的明暗相间的条纹D．有不等间距的明暗相间的条纹5．如图所示是查德威克发现中子的装置示意图，由天然放射性元素钋（Po）放射出的粒子流A轰击铍（Be）时会产生粒子流B，用粒子流B轰击石蜡时，会打出质子流C，图中粒子流A是（）A．中子流B．α射线C．β射线D．γ射线6．一列简谐横波沿x轴正方向传播，若a、b两质点的平衡位置坐标分别为x a=3m、x b=5m，当质点a的加速度最大时，质点b（）A．加速度最小B．速度最小C．位移最小D．振幅最小7．某物体沿水平方向做直线运动，其v-t图像如图所示，规定向右为正方向，则（）A．在0～1s内，物体做匀加速运动B．在1s～2s内，物体向左运动C．在1s～3s内，物体的加速度不变D．在2s末，物体回到出发点8．如图所示，实线表示电场线，虚线表示带正电粒子只受电场力作用的运动轨迹，粒子先经过M点，后经过N点，则（）A．M点的电势高于N点的电势B．M点的电场强度大于N点的电场强度C．粒子在M点的速度大于在N点的速度D．电场力对粒子做负功9．如图所示，当木板从图示位置缓慢转至水平位置的过程中，物块相对木板静止，则（）A．物块受到的支持力逐渐减小B．物块受到的摩擦力逐渐增大C．物块受到的合外力逐渐减小D．木板对物块的作用力保持不变10．如图所示，细绳一端系在小球O上，另一端固定在天花板上A点，轻质弹簧一端与小球连接，另一端固定在竖直墙上B点，小球处于静止状态。
2018学年浦东二模试卷参考答案
浦东新区2018学年度第二学期初三教学质量检测数学试卷参考答案及评分说明 （2019.5.8）一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1．C ； 2．D ； 3．B ； 4．A ； 5．C ；6．B ． 二、填空题：（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）7．25-； 8．(m -n+2)(m -n -2)；9．2； 10．m ≤1； 11．y =12x ； 12．31； 13．平行； 14．160； 15．130； 16．7； 17．22； 18．32． 三、解答题：（本大题共7题，满分78分）19．解：原式=321331-+-+- …………………………………………………（各2分）=-1． ……………………………………………………………………（2分）20．解：由①得 22-≥x . ………………………………………………………………（1分） ∴1-≥x . ………………………………………………………………（2分） 由②得 123<x . ………………………………………………………………（1分） ∴4<x . ………………………………………………………………（2分） ∴原不等式组的解集是41<≤-x . ………………………………………………（2分） ∴原不等式组的自然数解为0、1、2、3. ……………………………………（2分） （注：漏“0”扣1分）21．解：（1）作AD ⊥x 轴，垂足为点D ．∵BH ⊥x 轴，AD ⊥x 轴，∴∠BHO =∠ADO =90°．∴AD ∥BH ．…………（1分） 又∵BA=2OA ，∴21==AB OA DH OD ． …………………………………………（1分） ∵点B 的横坐标为6，∴OH=6．∴OD=2． ………………………………（1分） ∵双曲线xy 6=经过点A ，可得点A 的纵坐标为3. …………………………（1分） ∴点A 的坐标为（2,3）． …………………………………………………………（1分） （2）∵双曲线xy 6=上点C 的横坐标为6，∴点C 的坐标为（6,1）． ……（1分） 由题意，得 直线AB 的表达式为x y 23=. ……………………………………（1分） ∴设平移后直线的表达式为b x y +=23. ∵平移后的直线b x y +=23经过点C （6,1），∴b +⨯=6231． ………………（1分） 解得8-=b ． ……………………………………………………………………（1分） ∴平移后直线的表达式为823-=x y ． …………………………………………（1分）22．解：（1）根据题意，得AB=20，∠ABC=70°，CH =BD =2．………………（1分） 在△ACB 中，∵∠ACB =90°，∴sin AC ABC AB∠=. ∵∠ABC=70°，AB=20，∴20sin70200.9418.8AC =⋅≈⨯=o ． …………（2分） ∴AH =20.8．答：这辆吊车工作时点A 离地面的最大距离AH 为20.8米． …………（1分）（2）设这次王师傅所开的吊车的速度为每小时x 千米． ……………………（1分） 由题意，得 31402040=--x x ． ………………………………………………（1分） 整理，得02400202=--x x .………………………………………………（1分） 解得 x 1=60，x 2=-40． …………………………………………………………（1分） 经检验：x 1=60，x 2=-40都是原方程的解，但x 2=-40不符合题意，舍去.…（1分） 答：这次王师傅所开的吊车的速度为每小时60千米． ……………………（1分）23．证明：（1）∵AB=AD ，∴∠ABD =∠ADB ． ……………………………………（1分） ∵AD ∥BC ，∴∠ADB=∠MBC ． …………………………………………（1分） ∵AB=AD ，AM ⊥BD ，∴BM =DM ． …………………………………………（1分）∵DC ⊥BC ，∴∠BCD =90°．∴BM =DM =CM ． ………………………………………………………………（1分） ∴∠MBC =∠BCM ． …………………………………………………………（1分） ∴∠ABD=∠BCM ． …………………………………………………………（1分）（2）∵∠BNM=∠CNB ，∠NBM=∠NCB ，∴△NBM ∽△NCB ． …………（2分） ∴BCBM CN BN =． ………………………………………………………………（2分） ∵BM =DM ，∴BCDM CN BN =. ……………………………………………………（1分） ∴DM CN BN BC ⋅=⋅． ……………………………………………………（1分）24．解：（1）∵抛物线c bx x y ++=231经过点M （3,-4），A （-3,0）， ∴⎩⎨⎧+-=++=-.330,33c b c b 4 ………………………………………………………………（1分） 解得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-=-=.5,32c b………………………………………………………………（2分）∴这条抛物线的表达式为532312--=x x y ． ………………………………（1分） （2）由题意，得 这条抛物线的对称轴为直线1=x . …………………………（1分） 点B 的坐标为（5,0），点C 的坐标为（0,-5）． …………………………（1分） 设点P 的坐标为（1,y ）．∵PC=BC ，∴PC 2=BC 2. ∴22255)5(1+=++ y ． ……………………………………………………（1分）解得y =2或y =-12．∴点P 的坐标为（1,2）或（1,-12）．…………………………………………（1分）（3）作PH ⊥BC ，垂足为点H ．∵点B （5,0），点C （0,-5），点P （1,2），∴PC =BC =52．…………（1分）∵直线BC 与对称轴相交于点D （1,-4）， ∴462116212521⨯⨯+⨯⨯=⨯PH . …………………………………………（1分）解得PH =23． ………………………………………………………………（1分） ∴sin ∠PCB=532523=． ……………………………………………………（1分） 25．解：（1）联结PO 并延长交弦AB 于点H ．∵P 是优弧AB ︵ 的中点，PH 经过圆心O ，∴PH ⊥AB ，AH =BH ． …………（2分） 在△AOH 中，∵∠AHO =90°，AH=21AB =4，AO=5，∴OH=3． ……（1分） 在△APH 中，∵∠AHP =90°，PH=5+3=8，AH=4，∴AP=54． ……（1分）（2）作OG ⊥AB ，垂足为点G ．∵∠OBG =∠ABM ，∠OGB =∠AMB ，∴△OBG ∽△ABM . ………………（1分）∴OB BG AB BM =，即548=BM . ∴532=BM . ……………………………………………………………………（1分） ∴57=OM ． ……………………………………………………………………（1分） ∵57<23，∴以点O 为圆心，23为半径的圆与直线AP 相交． …………（1分） （3）作OG ⊥AB ，垂足为点G ．∵∠BNO=∠BON ，∴BN=BO ． ………………………………………………（1分） ∵BO =AO=5，∴BN=5． ……………………………………………………（1分） （i ）当点N 在线段AB 延长线上时，∵BG =21AB =4，∴GN =9. 在△GON 中，∵∠NGO =90°，GN=9，OG=3，∴ON=103．∵圆N 与圆O 相切，∴5103+=r 或5103-=r .∴圆N 的半径为5103-或5103+． …………………………………（各1分） （ii ）当点N 在线段AB 上时，同理可得圆N 的半径为105+或105-．……………………………………………………………………………（各1分）。
上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题Word版含答案
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A —10分Directions:In Section A. you will hear fen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Challenges. B. Hobbies. C. Jobs. D. Experiences.2. A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Difficult. D. Amazing.3. A. Watching TV and videos.B. Replacing videos with TV.C. Parents’ involvement.D. Having baby sitters.4. A. A policeman. B. An accountant. C. A salesman. D. A bank teller.5. A. 7:40. B. 7:15. C. 7:20. D. 7:45.6. A. He will get someone to do it.B. She should do it herself.C. They don’t have to do it.D. He will clean the desk right away.7. A. By bus. B. By subway. C. By taxi. D. By car.8. A. He is not a good mechanic.B. He doesn’t keep his word.C. He spends his spare time doing repairs.D. He is always ready to offer help to others.9. A. She has been having a sad day.B. She needs to take a day off.C. She wants to play basketball, too.D. She has been annoyed by the noise.10. A. The man isn’t sure about the rehearsal.B. It’s better for the woman to wear a costume.C. The woman would regret it if she wore a costume.D. It wouldn’t make any difference if the woman did it.Section B—15 分Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear q question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He qualified as a teacher.B. He became a student.C. He became a government researcher.D. He conducted a research on Zimbabwe.12. A. Children’s minds are not used to the full.B. It is a great drain on children’s time and energy.C. It highlights the flexibility of children’s minds.D. It prevents children from seeking answers by themselves.13. A. To teach people to understand the worldB. To instruct people how to raise good questions.C. To encourage people to study as they get older.D. To inform people of problems in foreign countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To serve as a time killer.B. To cultivate people’s reading killsC. To promote the sales of some books.D. To encourage people to take public transportation15. A. The stories are the short edition of some website articles.B. Users can choose the length and type of the stories.C. The stories are obtained by simply pressing a button.D. Users don’t need to pay for the short stories.16. A. From the boring travel experience.B. From the love for short stories.C. From the positive feedbackD. From the snack vending machine.Qusions17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 10.18. A. Because his friends don’t get off work till 5 p.m.B. Because there will be more friends to go to the cinema on Friday.C. Because the film will be more popular than the Wednesday’s.D. Because there are not enough tickets left for the 9 p.m. showing.19. A. Paying a deposit.B. E-ordering in advance.C. Paying right away.D. Collecting tickets one day ahead.20. A. The film. B. The date C. The seating. D. The viewers.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A—10分Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma 21(spot) forty miles south of London, they werenot taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt 22 the puma began in a small village where a woman 23 (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being 24 it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at 25 place twenty miles away in the evening. 26 it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a 27(fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, 28 where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one 29 have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing 30 (think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. Section B—10分Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. networkB. specifyC. traditionallyD. ingredientE. uneasyF. additionalG. culturallyH. blockI. determineJ. requirementK. criticalA multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) 31difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and eventhose who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense m onocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively 32 any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) 33 that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers Do you have the right employee to buildup the 34?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to 35 the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the 36 requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic (语言的)abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to 37 candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills—but it’s also a far more important 38 to success.I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City—the most 39 diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was 40 about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A—15分Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Hailing from Sweden, “plogging” is a fitness craze that sees participants pi ck up plastic litter while jogging adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport. Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global,due to increasing awareness and 41 over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its 42—all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying 43 to jogging. we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone 44 — just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn’t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that’s getting people out in nature and connecting 45 with their I environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to 46 our inland waterways of plastic poll ution. There’s been a real 47 in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting how disastrous the crisis is,” she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through 48 like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The plastic Patrol app allows users to 49 plastic anywhere in the world by collecting discarded items, photographing them and 50 to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. “I’d u rge all ploggers to get involved,” adds Carr.Plogging isn’t the first fitness trend to combine running with a good cause, Here are some of our favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.51 among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far, 52, Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get 53. By linking themselves together, the 54 —impaired individual can feel safe while both work of a sweat.55 for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者). 41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D.control42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D.delight48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D. initiatives49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D.CyclingSection B—22 分Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties (定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decidedto place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word thumbed is closest in meaning to .A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in .A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD creating the rocketing sales of a technical book(B)Conventional wisdom may te ll you that a master’s degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US, means a possible career on Wall Street.It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future. Anda recent New York Times article reveals the correlation between MBA (Master of Business Administration) graduates at certain US schools and career prospects.To work at AmazonRoss School of Business (University of Michigan)Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools than big Wall Street firms. And a large chunk of Americans employees are from Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy, vice president of Amazon Marketplace, says the reason behind thi s is that Ross’curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solvingcourse for instance, are particularly well suited to Amazon.To work at McKinsey& CompanyKellogg School of Management (Northwestern)For an MBA, landing a job at McKinsey is like trying to get into a competitive business school all over again. However, Kellogg graduates perform well in the fierce competition. The school’s MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms, which hired 35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage than at Harvard (23 percent) and Stanford (16 percent).To work at AppleFuqua School of Business (Duke)Silicon alley hasn’t always welcomed MBAs. However, two of Apple’s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the past five years, and provided 42 internships for Duke students.To start your own companyHarvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings inrecent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US.60. Which university offers students a course on various approaches to difficulties at work?A. Kellogg School of Management.B. Ross School of Business.C. Harvard Business School.D. Fuqua School of Business.61. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg.B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders.C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage.D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon.62. If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in .A. Wharton SchoolB. Kellogg School of ManagementC. Ross School of BusinessD. Fuqua School of Business(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present systems for getting fr om Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck(敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science—the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that .A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space explorationD. The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries.Section C—8分Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Being simple might be another reason.B. It was the only affordable way to play them.C. We should have admiration for this old technology.D. The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing.E. Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive.F. So it seems like its not ‘game over’ for old-school technologyRetro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic gamesthat I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. 67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground—and now they are being talked about—and played again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68 I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc... but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69 The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says “it’s important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are…the developers had so little space to work with-your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb-and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today’s games. 70This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.IV. 71. Summary Writing—10分Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60wonds. Use your own words as, far as possible.Every time there is a mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends to flareup in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesn’t the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the1600s, when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in American’s Independent War and the Civil War.Secondly, the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the US Const itution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the “right to keep and bear arms.” So the sale and purchase of firearms are legal in the United States according to law.The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nation’s early years, hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country. People spend time with friends, sharing the pleasure that the sport brings.For those reasons, when critics say guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the picture, and they misrepresent the complex nature of America’s diverse gun culture. Most people who own guns privately, are actually part of the gun culture. They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.V. Translation—15分Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们常常忍不住秒回刚收到的信息。
2018届上海市浦东新区高三第二学期教学质量检测(二模)物理试题(解析版)
2018届上海市浦东新区高三第二学期教学质量检测(二模)物理试题（解析版）一、选择题（共40分。
第1-8小题，每小题3分，第9-12小题，每小题4分。
每小题只有一个正确答案。
）1. 阴极射线是（）A. 质子流B. 电子流C. 光子流D. 中子流【答案】B【解析】阴极射线是在1858年利用低压气体放电管研究气体放电时发现的，1897年J.J.汤姆孙根据放电管中的阴极射线在电磁场和磁场作用下的轨迹确定阴极射线中的粒子带负电,并测出其荷质比，这在一定意义上是历史上第一次发现电子，故B正确。
2. 如果用绿光照射某金属表面能发生光电效应，那么一定能使该金属发生光电效应的是（）A. 用蓝光照射B. 用黄光照射C. 用红外线照射D. 用红光照射【答案】A【解析】由题意可知，绿光照射某种金属板能发生光电效应，则绿光的频率大于极限频率，根据爱因期坦光电效应方程可知，只要光的频率大于绿光的频率一定能该金属发生光电效应，故A正确。
3. 关于分子间的引力和斥力，下列说法正确的是（）A. 分子间的引力总是大于斥力B. 分子间的斥力随分子间距离增大而增大C. 分子间的引力随分子间距离增大而减小D. 分子间的引力和斥力不随分子间距离变化而变化【答案】C【解析】A项：当时，分子间的引力小于斥力，故A错误；B项：分子间的斥力随分子间距离增大而减小，故B错误；C、D项：分子间的引力随分子间距离增大而减小，故C正确，D错误。
点晴：分子间有间隙，存在着相互作用的引力和斥力，当分子间距离增大时，通常表现为引力，当分子间距离减小时，通常表现为斥力，当分子间距等于平衡距离时，引力等于斥力，即分子力等于零。
4. 用某单色光做光的双缝干涉实验，能在光屏上观察到干涉条纹。
若把其中一条缝遮住，则在光屏上（）A. 没有任何条纹B. 只有一条亮条纹C. 有等间距的明暗相间的条纹D. 有不等间距的明暗相间的条纹【答案】D点晴：根据单缝衍射条纹是中间亮条纹明亮且宽大，越向两侧宽度越小，而波长越大，中央亮条纹越粗进行判断。
2018上海浦东新区高三二模试题(含答案解析)
2018年浦东新区高三二模语文试卷（时间150分钟，满分150分） 2018.4一积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空（5分）（1），幽咽泉流冰下难。
（白居易《》）（2）香远益清，亭亭净植，。
（周敦颐《爱莲说》）（3）苏轼在《江城子》中有“相顾无言，惟有泪千行”的诗句，在柳永的《雨霖铃》中意境与之相似的一句是“，”。
2.按要求选择。
（5分）（1）今年南汇桃花节，小刘去踏青觅胜，欲留影配诗，下列诗句和赏花场景不匹配的一项是（）。
（2分）A.满树和娇烂漫红，万枝丹彩灼春融。
B.桃花一簇开无主，可爱深红爱浅红。
C.花开不并百花丛，独立疏篱趣无穷。
D.一树繁英夺眼红，开时先合占东风。
填入下面语段空白处的句子，最恰当的一项是（）。
（3分）文明是史，未进入文明之前是史前时期，未进入文明的文化是史前文化，未有字，焉有史？文明的标志当然是文字，，中国人大可底气十足地说，中华文明至少肇始于三千年前，其独一无二的持久性正有汉字之功。
A．而文明预示着文字有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋B．而文字预示着文明有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋C．而文明预示着文字有走向长寿与伟大的资本和禀赋D．而文字预示着文明有长寿的资本与走向伟大的禀赋二阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成3-7题。
（16分）导演的限制与自由①导演的地位和作用问题，是近代戏剧史上一个争论不休的话题。
主流派认为，剧本是舞台艺术的基础，导演则是剧本的诠释者和体现者。
导演创作，可以发展或充实刷本，但却不能违背原作的立意与风格。
从俄国的斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基到美国的贝拉斯科、中国的焦菊隐等，都持这种观点。
②也有人认为，导演是现代戏剧的核心，他可以随意篡改或解构剧本，甚至干脆不要据本，正如他有权设计布景，有权摆布演员，有权使用音响灯光一样。
一些先锋派导演或理论家多持这种观点。
如果把这种“导演中心”论限制在演出的范围内，还是有道理的，作为某种创新实验，更是无可厚非，但要推行于全部戏刷活动，恐怕就行不通了。
(完整版)2018年上海市浦东新区高三二模数学试卷(含答案),推荐文档
x ⎩ ⎨ 浦东新区 2017 学年度第二学期质量抽测高三数学试卷答案2018．4注意：1． 答卷前，考生务必在试卷上指定位置将学校、班级、姓名、考号填写清楚．2． 本试卷共有 21 道试题，满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟．一、填空题（本大题共有 12 小题，满分 54 分）只要求直接填写结果，1-6 题每个空格填对得 4 分，7-12 题每个空格填对得 5 分，否则一律得零分． 2n + 1 1. lim n →+∞ n -12. 不等式 x = . 2 < 0 的解集为 . (0,1) x -13. 已知{a n }是等比数列，它的前 n 项和为 S n ，且 a 3 = 4, a 4 = -8 ，则 S 5 =.114.已知 f -1(x ) 是函数 f (x ) = log 2 (x + 1) 的反函数，则 f -1(2) =. 35. ( + 1 )9二项展开式中的常数项为 x. 84 6. 椭圆⎪x = 2 c os , （为参数）的右焦点为 . (1, 0)⎨y = 3 sinx + 2 y ≤ 4 2x + y ≤ 3 16 满足约束条件⎪7. ⎪x ≥ 0⎩ y ≥ 03的目标函数 f = 3x + 2 y 的最大值为 . 3⎡⎤函数 f (x ) = cos 2 x + 8.sin 2x , x ∈ R 的单调递增区间为. k -+, k ∈ Z2⎢⎣3 , k 6 ⎥⎦已知抛物线型拱桥的顶点距水面 2 米时，量得水面宽为 8 米。
当水面下降 1 米后，水面的宽为9.米。
4 6—个四面体的顶点在空间直角坐标系O - xyz 中的坐标分别是(0,0,0)，(1,0,1)，(0,1,1)，10.(1,1，0)，则该四面体的体积为. 13已知 f (x ) 是定义在 R 上的偶函数，且 f (x ) 在[0, +∞)上是增函数，如果对于任意 x ∈[1, 2]，11.f (ax +1) ≤ f (x - 3) 恒成立，则实数 a 的取值范围是.[-1, 0]已知函数 f (x ) = x 2- 5x + 7 .若对于任意的正整数 n ，在区间⎡1, n +5 ⎤上存在 m +1个实数12.⎣⎢ n ⎥⎦a 0 , a 1, a 2 ,L , a m 使得 f (a 0 ) > f (a 1 ) + f (a 2 ) +L + f (a m ) 成立，则 m 的最大值为. 6⎧⎪3, 3二、选择题(本大题共有 4 小题，满分 20 分) 每小题都给出四个选项，其中有且只有一个选项是正确的， 选对得 5 分，否则一律得零分．已知方程 x 2 - px + 1 = 0 的两虚根为 x , x ，若 x - x = 1，则实数 p 的值为（）A13.1 2 1 2A. ±B. ±C. 5 D ． ± 3, ±14.在复数运算中下列三个式子是正确的：（1） z 1 + z 2 ≤ z 1 + z 2，（2） z 1 ⋅ z 2r r r = z 1 ⋅ z 2 ，（3）r(z 1 ⋅ z 2 ) ⋅ z 3 = z 1 ⋅ (z 2 ⋅ z 3 ) ；相应的在向量运算中，下列式子：（1） a + b ≤ a + b ，（2） r r r r a ⋅ b = a ⋅ b ，（3） (a ⋅ b ) ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b ⋅ c ) ；正确的个数是（ ）BA ． 0B ．1 C. 2D ． 3 唐代诗人杜牧的七绝唐诗中两句诗为“今来海上升高望，不到蓬莱不成仙。
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2018年浦东新区高三二模语文试卷（时间150分钟，满分150分）2018.4一积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空（5分）（1），幽咽泉流冰下难。
（白居易《》）（2）香远益清，亭亭净植，。
（周敦颐《爱莲说》）（3）苏轼在《江城子》中有“相顾无言，惟有泪千行”的诗句，在柳永的《雨霖铃》中意境与之相似的一句是“，”。
2.按要求选择。
（5分）（1）今年南汇桃花节，小刘去踏青觅胜，欲留影配诗，下列诗句和赏花场景不匹配的一项是（）。
（2分）A.满树和娇烂漫红，万枝丹彩灼春融。
B.桃花一簇开无主，可爱深红爱浅红。
C.花开不并百花丛，独立疏篱趣无穷。
D.一树繁英夺眼红，开时先合占东风。
填入下面语段空白处的句子，最恰当的一项是（）。
（3分）文明是史，未进入文明之前是史前时期，未进入文明的文化是史前文化，未有字，焉有史？文明的标志当然是文字，，中国人大可底气十足地说，中华文明至少肇始于三千年前，其独一无二的持久性正有汉字之功。
A．而文明预示着文字有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋B．而文字预示着文明有走向伟大的资本与长寿的禀赋C．而文明预示着文字有走向长寿与伟大的资本和禀赋D．而文字预示着文明有长寿的资本与走向伟大的禀赋二阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成3-7题。
（16分）导演的限制与自由①导演的地位和作用问题，是近代戏剧史上一个争论不休的话题。
主流派认为，剧本是舞台艺术的基础，导演则是剧本的诠释者和体现者。
导演创作，可以发展或充实刷本，但却不能违背原作的立意与风格。
从俄国的斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基到美国的贝拉斯科、中国的焦菊隐等，都持这种观点。
②也有人认为，导演是现代戏剧的核心，他可以随意篡改或解构剧本，甚至干脆不要据本，正如他有权设计布景，有权摆布演员，有权使用音响灯光一样。
一些先锋派导演或理论家多持这种观点。
如果把这种“导演中心”论限制在演出的范围内，还是有道理的，作为某种创新实验，更是无可厚非，但要推行于全部戏刷活动，恐怕就行不通了。
③导演的职责是排戏。
作为整个创作群体的一员，导演的基本职责是把剧本搬到舞台上去，使文学形象转化为可视可听可感的舞台形象。
而剧本，特别是那些久经考验的经典剧目，往往包含着丰厚的文化内容，所以一个导演必须具备广博的社会、历史、人文知识，方能深入发握原作的思想内涵，充分展现其独特的艺术风貌。
其次，导演是演出的组织者。
为了把各种艺术成分组织起来，融为一体，创造出和谐、统一的舞台形象，导演必须谙悉舞台艺术的方方面面，具有较强的组织领导能力。
第三，导演还承担着培养演员的责任。
演员是舞台艺术的中心，当然也是导演的主要表现手段。
选好演员，往往戏就成功了一半。
好的导演，在排戏当中，能以各种方式启发演员，激起演员的创作欲望，从而大大提高演员的艺术表现能力。
现代剧坛上的许多优秀演员，都是在一些著名导流的培养下，迅速成长起来的。
④导演艺术是以刷本为基出，以完整和谐的舞台艺术为表现形式的二度创作。
导演创作不仅受到剧本的制约，而且必须在舞台艺术和技术条件所能达到的范围内进行。
可以说，导演是戏剧艺术里限制最多，也最富挑战性的工作，是名副其实的戴着脚镣跳舞。
所以，《艺术形态学》的作者莫·卡冈说，“导演是最少独立性的艺术，因为它是其他所有艺术的上层建筑，而它控制其他这些艺术，使它们互相‘迁就”，最终创造出以它们的综合为基础的新的艺术。
”⑤有时候，因为演员、舞台或社会环境的限制，即使是名家执导，也会把一些优秀剧作给弄得支离破碎，面日全非。
欧阳予倩先生曾先后三次执导曹禺的《日出》，每次都不一样，第一次（1937年2月）是个业余剧团，因为找不到扮演翠喜的演员和做效果的人，不得不删去整个第三幕，结果让专程赴上海观摩演出的曹禺很不高兴，认为它没有体现出原作的立意来。
4个月后，欧阳予倩为中国旅行剧团导演《日出》，就保留了第三幕。
为什么呢？因为该团是中国第一个职业话剧团，聚焦了不少人才，可供导演支使，为其二度创作提供了便利条件，演出大获成功。
特别是扮演翠喜的青年演员王荔，获得观众的一致好评，欧阳山尊总管舞美灯光效果，做得也很有层次情调，台口处那面背对观众的空架衣镜和全刷繁复的音响效果，更给观众留下了深刻的印象，曹禺看后非常满意。
演员、布景、效果等舞台艺术条件对导演的制约，由此可见一斑。
⑥然而，从另一方面看，导演又是戏剧艺术里表现手段最多，自由度最大的工作。
对剧本，他有选择和修改的权力，对演员，他有遴选和调教的职责，对舞台艺术的方方面面，他有根据整体构思和排演的需要，随时进行调整的自由。
限制与自由都是相对的。
譬如有些剧本，本身平平，乏善可陈，但是到了优秀导演手里，却可以化腐朽为神奇，排出令观众耳目一新的好戏来。
郭沫若的《蔡文姬》（1959），又是写自己，又是替曹操翻案，主题分裂，合词啰嗦，就连作家本人都说它“很不成热”。
但幸运的是遇到了焦菊隐这样的好导演。
焦弱化了作者对普操文治式功的阿谀奉承，突出了蔡文姬的人生悲剧，刻意追求舞台艺术的民族化，使之成为那个朝代最富创意，也最受欢迎的剧目之一。
⑦剧本是演出的基础但不等于演出，演员、舞关、灯光、音响都很重要，但分开了难以为戏，把他们组合在一起的是导演，导演才是舞台演出的真正作者。
（选自《戏剧艺术十五讲》，有删改）3.第④段中的“戴着脚镣跳舞”形象地描述了导演在戏剧艺术中处于和的矛盾状态。
（2分）4.下列对本文分析理解正确的一项是（）。
（3分）A.剧本是“一剧之本”，剧本的诠释者和体现者是导演。
B.作者反对“剧本中心”论，而主张“导演中心”论。
C.导演在戏剧艺术中受限于剧本、舞台艺术和技术条件。
D.焦菊隐成功改编《蔡文姬》说明剧本对导演限制很小。
5.下列对文中“导演与剧组关系图”各种关系理解正确的一项是（）。
（3分）A.导演是戏剧演出的组织者，直接管控监制。
B.舞美包括布景、道具、灯光和效果四要素。
C.舞美的质量由技术指导负责，与导演无关。
D.舞蹈是由导演做领舞和舞蹈演员共同完成。
6.第③段提到“剧本，特别是那些久经考验的经典剧目，往往包含着丰厚的文化内容”请以高中教材中学过的剧目为例进行分析。
（4分）7.第⑤段论证了演员、布景、效果等舞台艺术条件对导演的制约作用，你认为论证是否充分?请做出判断并说明理由。
（4分）（二）阅读下文，完成8-11题。
（15分）西子湾畔访余光中喻大翔①余光中这辈子善结“海缘”。
○2《高楼对海》里有很多海，西子湾的海，高楼上的海，从窗口和露台望去的海。
诗集“取名《高楼对海》，是纪念这些作品都是在对海的楼窗下写的，波光在望，潮声在耳，所以灵思不绝。
”（《高楼对海·后记》）○3不管多远，我一定要去看看那窗，看看那楼，看看那海。
○42013年七月中上旬，我喜欢的夏天到了。
学校暑假，我随同济大学裴钢校长一行访问台湾的几所大学。
公务告一段落，启程往香港前，获准有两天空闲，可以自行活动。
十日一大早，我毫不犹豫地挎起背包，到台北捷运站买票、登车，到海的另一端——高雄去拜访余光中先生。
○5火车停靠左营，立等片刻，余先生先生就出现在眼前。
车过一条长路，车过一些窄路，车到海边，再上山。
上山时，中大的保安略略弯腰，对他笑了笑，车子就风一样的飙起，那流畅与自由绝不是一般八十五岁老人能够想象的。
○6余教授的办公室在文学院大楼四楼，编号“534”，下面是余光中三字的印刷体。
刚好这时来了一个女学生，她帮余老师和我拍了一张合影。
门的正中是一张菱形的浅底色的抽象画，看过去，画的左下斜边是梵高的自画像，怀疑的眼神和愤怒的黄胡子；余先生就站在他旁边，浅笑着侧耳倾听梵高的声音。
画的左上斜边是红底洒金的一个“福”字，有些像毛笔，又有些像炭笔，现在看来，很像是余先生亲笔书写的。
○7进屋放下背包，余先生第一个召唤就是去看海！不是步行至沙滩，也不是坐船远行，而是到楼西头的露台上眺海。
他办公室的一排窗口朝西南，那里是一座山和一座土红色的楼房，只在远处的右前方，有一线斜斜的绸蓝。
我记得，从他门口到西边的露台，中间只隔着一间办公室。
步上露台，世界大开！海水一望无际，船影艘艘而点点；近海栈桥纵横，浮标漂浪；更近处和左侧，当然是海堤、山坡和住宅，是一部大蓝大绿大红的音色交响曲。
○8余先生指着远方轻轻地说：海峡的对面就是大陆，我已经眺望快三十年了！然后沉默，再然后，还是沉默。
因为这一泓海水，因为六十多年日日夜夜的风波，它将诗人的情思拉得又深又细又长。
○9在诗翁的办公室谈了不少话题：比如永春余光中文学馆的建设，他拿出了一张设计图给我看；比如大陆一些选本的删存与得失；他还谈到了关于他的评论和传记作品……○10余先生的办公桌上堆放着很多书刊，有一册香港的《明报月刊》好像刚刚合上。
沙发旁的一张小几上放着一沓学生的英文作业，余先生在整理物件的当儿，我翻了好几页，每一页都有先生勾画的笔迹与文字。
最后一页原作英文只有三行，其他都是先生的手迹。
在他的允许下，我拍下了这一页，以作意外的纪念。
在给学生“90”分的嘉赏之下，先生花了15行对论文作了评价。
此外，先生还引申到浪漫主义诗人雪莱，谈雪莱创作《古舟子咏》的直觉天赋，让学生触类旁通。
○11离开余先生办公室之前，他签赠了三本新著给我。
○12在海边安静而优雅的大学饭店用了午餐，又在椰叶搭起的凉棚下拍了照片，穿过几幢教学楼长长的走廊，我们进了中山大学图书馆。
下一个活动，就是参访设在该馆的“余光中特藏室”。
○13这间特藏室面积不大，可是，却是中山大学和他的共同心血，它以余先生亲自设计并以收藏他从香港返台后的全部作品、图片、画像、手稿、书法、影像等为特色。
由导览员开了个头、介绍了各种展览形式，并播放了他吟唱的《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》、一位女指挥家指挥合唱的《乡愁四韵》……，其间，他特别拿起人民日报出版社《余光中对话集——凡我在处，就是中国》说：里面有郭虹的一篇，超过一万字，是她把问题写好寄给我，我书面回应的，比较可靠。
○14那时大约下午三点多了，余先生这时也有些疲惫，说我们该返回办公室拿东西，然后到他家里晚餐歇息了。
○15再进办公室，余先生斜躺在沙发上，拿一小瓶眼药水滴眼睛。
片刻，余先生谈兴再起，与我谈起了乡土文学的论争；谈这些年在华人社会的来去对他创作的影响；还有就是心理上的误解、困惑与忧闷……○16在当天最后一班高铁上，我一边啃面包，一边电影似地回忆起从早上开始的经过……（原刊于2018年1月9日《文汇报笔会》，有删改）8.本文叙述采访余光中的经历，为什么先从“海”写起？（4分）9.赏析第○8段划线句的表达效果。
（3分）10.第○13段中对“余光中特藏室”的介绍有何用意？（4分）11.从内容与形式两方面，赏析最后一段。
（4分）（三）阅读下面的词，完成第12-14题。
（8分）青杏儿·风雨替花愁[ 元] 赵秉文风雨替花愁。