研究生英语综合教程unit 8

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研究生综合英语课文.Unit8.TheBusinessasaHuntingGround

The Business as a Hunting GroundEsther Vilar There are many women who take their place in the working world of today. Secretaries and shop assistants,factory workers and stewardesses —not to mention those countless hearty young women who populate the colleges and universities in ever-increasing numbers. One might even get the impression that woman’s nature had undergonea radical change in the last twenty years. Today’s young women appear to be less unfair than their mothers. They seem to have decided — perhaps out of pity for their victims — not to exploit men any more, but to become, in truth, their partners.The impression is deceptive. The only truly important act in any woman’s life is the selection of the right partner. In any other choice she can afford to make a mistake. Consequently, she will look for a man where he works or studies and where she can best observe and judge the necessary masculine qualities she values. Offices, factories, colleges, and universities are, to her, nothing but gigantic marriage markets.The particular field chosen by any young woman as a hunting ground will depend to a large extent on the level of income of the man who has previously been her slave, in other words, her father. The daughters of men in the upper income brackets will choose colleges or universities. These offer the best chances of capturing a man who will earn enough to maintain the standards she has already acquired. Besides, a period of study for form’s sake is much more convenient than a temporary employm ent. Girls from less-well-off homes will have to go into factories, shops, offices, or hospitals for a time — but again with the same purpose in mind. None of them intend to stay in these jobs for long. They will continue only until marriage — or, incases of hardship, till pregnancy. This offers woman one important advantage, any woman who marries nowadays has given up her studies or her job “for the sake of the man of her choice” —and “sacrifices” of this nature create obligations.Therefore, when women work and study, it merely serves to falsify statistics and furthermore to enslave men more hopelessly than ever, because education and the professions mean something very different when applied to women as opposed to men.When a man works it is a matter of life and death, and, as a rule, the first years of his life are decisive. Any man of twenty-five who is not well on his way up the ladder can beconsidered, to all intents and purposes, a hopeless case. At this stage, all his faculties are being developed, and the fight with his competitors is a fight to the death. Behind a mask of business friendship, he is constantly on the watch for anysign of superiority in one of his associates, and he will note its appearance with anxiety. If this same associate shows signs of weakness or indecision, it must be taken advantage of at once. Yet man is only a tiny cog in a gigantic business machine, he himself being in effect exploited at every turn.When he drives others, he drives himself most of all. His orders are really orders from above, passed on by him. If the men at the top occasionally take time to praise him, it is not in order tomake him happy; it is only to spur him on, to stimulate him to greater effort. For man, who was brought up to be proud and honorable, every working day is merely an endless series of humiliations. He shows enthusiasm for products he finds useless, he laughs at jokes he finds tasteless, he expresses opinions which are not his own.Not for a moment is he allowed to forget that the merest oversight may meandemotion, that one slip of the tongue may spell the end of his career.Yet woman, who is the prime cause of all these struggles, and under whose very eyes these fights take place, just stands aside and watches. Going to work means to her flirting and dates, teasing and banter, with the odd bit of “labor” done for the sake of appearances — work for which, as a rule, she has no responsibility. She knows that she is only marking time, and even if she does have to go on working for one reason or another, at least she has had years of pleasant dreams. She watches men's battles from a safe distance, occasionally applauding one of the contestants, encouraging or scolding, and while she makes their coffee, opens their mail, or listens to their telephone conversations, she is cold-bloodedly taking her pick. The moment she has found “Mr. Right,” she retires gracefully, leaving the field open to her successor.The same applies to university education. American colleges admit more and more women, but the percentage who actually complete their courses is less than before the SecondW orld War. They sit happily in lectures designing their spring wardrobe and between classes flirt with the boys. With their scarlet nails carefully protected by transparent rubber gloves, they play around with corpses in the dissecting rooms, while their male colleagues realize their whole future is at stake. If a woman leaves the university with an engagement ring on her finger, she has earned her degree; man has hardly begun when he obtains his diploma. Degrees are, after all, easy to come by —you have only to memorize. How many examiners can tell the difference between real knowledge and bluff? Man, however, has to understand his subject as well. His later success will depend on whether his knowledge is well-founded; his later prestige will be built on this, and often other people’s lives are dependent on it.None of these battles exists for woman.If she breaks off her studies and marries a university lecturer, she has achieved the same level as he has without exerting herself. As the wife of a factory owner she is treated with greater respect than he is (and not as somebody who at best would be employable on the assembly line in the same factory). As a wife she always has the same standard of living and social prestige and has to do nothing to maintain them — as he does. For this reason the quickest way to succeed is always to marry a successful man. She does not win him by her industry, ambition, or perseverance —but simply through an attractive appearance.We have already seen what demands the well-trained man makes on a woman’s appearance. The best women trainers — without the least effort — catch the most successful fighters among men. The so-called “beautiful” women are usually those who have had an easy life from their childhood days and therefore have less reason than others to develop their intellectual gifts (intelligence is developed only through competition); it follows as a logical consequence that very successful men usually have abysmally stupid wives ( unless, of course, one considers woman’s skill at transforming herself into bait for man a feat of intelligence). It has almost become a commonplace that a really successful man, be he a company director, financier, shipping magnate, or orchestra conductor, will, when he reaches the zenith of his career, marry a beautiful model usually his second or third wife. Men who have inherited money often take such a supergirl as their first wife although she will be exchanged over the years for another. Yet, as a rule, models are women of little education who have not even finished school and who have nothing to do until they marry but look beautiful and pose becomingly in front of a camera. But they are “beautiful” —and that makes them potentiallyrich.A small percentage (ten to twenty percent) of women students in industrial countries of the West do, in fact, obtain their degrees before they get married. Despite occasionalexceptions, they are, as a rule, less attractive and have failed to catch a suitable provider while still in school. But then, this degree will automatically raise their market value, for there are certain types of men who feel bolstered if their wife has a degree —providing they have one themselves. It is clear evidence of his own cleverness if such a highly educated woman is interested in him. If by chance this female mastermind happens to be sexy, he will be beside himself with joy.But not for long. Even women doctors, women sociologists, and women lawyers “sacrifice” their careers for their men, or at least set them aside. They withdraw into suburban ranch houses, have children, plant flower beds and fill their homes with the usual trash. Within a few years these new entertainments obliterate the small amount of “expert knowledge,” learned by rote, of course, and they become exactly like their female neighbors.。

研究生综合英语unit1-uint8

marries?
Additional lnformation for the Teacher’s Reference
1. Esther Vilar Esther Vi1ar was born of German parents in 1935 in Buenos
Aires and was educated at the University of Buenos Aires. After moving to Munich, she practiced as a physician and now works as a free-lance writer. This selection from The Manipulated Man has as its thesis that men from earliest childhood are manipulated by women, first by their mothers, then by their wives. Vi1ar claims that only women can break this vicious cycle of exploitation. But they will not break it, for they have no rational reason for doing so. Thus, the world will continue to sink into a barbaric, and feebleminded morass of femininity. Offices, factories, and universities are viewed as hunting grounds by predatory women looking for male “slaves”.

新编研究生综合英语教程UNIT8(潘海英)

Background
1. Information about the MOOCs

3.A MOOC is a model of educational delivery that is, to varying degrees,
massive, open, online, and a course. Most MOOCs are structured similar to
Background
1. Information about the MOOCs

MOOC - Massive Open Online Course 1.Massive, open, online courses (known as MOOCs) are short courses that are delivered online for free. They don't have any entry requirements and are open to anyone anywhere in the world with an
a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in urging them.❶

❶ It is from the book The Idea of a University by John Henry Newman,

Vocabulary
Exercises
Background Information
1. Information about MOOCs
2. Attitude towards MOOCs 3. Cultural Background Information

新世纪研究生综合英语unit8教学文案

新世纪研究生综合英语u n i t8Unit8Power to the peopleAlmost a century has gone by since humans began exploiting a compelling new way to power the global economy. The switch to fossil fuels prompted促使 an explosion innovation either side of the 1900s.including creations such as the internal combustion engine. Such technologies have since provided the means to drive our thirsty, energy-intensive modern societies.Today we stand at a similar turning point. Solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power--- the preserve of visionaries 有预见的人and enthusiasts little more than a decade ago--- are now poised on the brink of the mainstream, helped in no small part by the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. The need to create clean energy has become a pressing concern for policy makers and big business--- not to mention the consumer.Such thinking is fuelled by the growing realization that all along nature has provided ready-made means to power modern civilizations, namely through the elements. Crucial advances in new technology have these inexhaustible sources cheaper to use with, for example, the cost of solar energy plunging by up to 98 percent over the past 20 years.In theory, these renewable energy resources are incongruous large. The sun alone provides the means to deliver 7,000times our own energy consumption; blanking just 2.6 percent of the Sahara desert with solar cells could supply our entire needs. Yet for all this impressive potential, renewable energy currently produces just two percent of our total energy output.However, as the computer industry discovered in the 1980s, rapid growth can swiftly transform a minority sector into a giant capable of dominating our lives. Already companies across the globe are scrambling征服争夺 to become the next Intel or Microsoft of the new energy revolution. Our homes, cities, and workplaces--- our lives--- may be reshaped in ways we can only begin to guess at the solar cell, the wind farm and the electric car enter larger sectors of the marketplace.Blazing a trailThe sun’s capability to power the planet is phenomenal杰出的. Already a billion-pound business, projections indicate an annual growth rate for the next decade of 14 percent. But the price of solar technology has always been its biggest sticking point, and the cost of solar cells will need to fall by up to 50 percent in order to fully competitive with coal-fired electricity.Several companies are currently developing a new generation of wafer-thin photovoltaic光电的 solar panels that will slash大量削减 costs still further. Photovoltaics(pv) convert the sun’s heat into electricity, silently and without pollution. They use semi-conductors that send out electrons the instant sunlight reaches them, triggering使触发引起 the flow of electricity. The greater the volume of sunlight, the more electrons are emitted发射或发射出.Solar power could provide thousands of times more energy than we world currently uses, the earth receiving an unimaginably huge amount of energy way beyond the capabilities of fossil fuels or nuclear fission. In figures, the sun’s continuous power input stands数据 at 200 watts followed by 15 zeros.Its uses are impressively varied. Solar cells now power satellites, mobilephones, television sets, highway signals and water pumps. Last year the Dutch solar car Nuna broke the world record--- with an average speed of 91 km/h--- in the world Solar challenge, a 3,010-kilometer race across Australia for cars powered by the sun.A look at the planet’s most conspicuous明显的 consumers reveals that solar energy is finally beginning to make real inroads as an alternative energy. The USA’s Million Solar Roofs Initiative aims to put a million solar systems on the roofs of commercial and residential building by 2010. In addition, 30 states now have official policies encouraging the development of solar energy with financial incentives for investment in the use of PV modules and cells.Advocates believe that PV could claim to be the simplest and most elegant technology to harness the power of the sun, being easy to install and requiring minimal maintenance. Given this advantages, the future of solar photovoltaics appears bright.Tapping into waterHarnessing the power of moving water, whether through the natural rhythems of the tide and ocean waves or by means of massive artificial dams, offers another renewable energy source with a major future. Wave power alone has the potential to provide enough power to supply an estimated 1.4 million households in an industrial society.However, the intrinsic difficulties in harnessing开发 the strength of rough seas have created major headaches for engineers; two wave-power stations in Scotland and Norway have already fallen victim to the sea. Once again though, the biggest hurdle is financial, with construction of turbines at sea expensive, despite the actual energy being plentiful and free.Further difficulties are caused by the fact that waves refuse to flow in one direction. One solution to this problem has been to fit turbines in a chimney-type seabed structure that can be oriented to face the direction of energy-giving waves.By contrast, hydroelectric power is well established, producing almost a quarter of the world’s electricity and supplying more than one billion people with power. Hydropower produces energy equivalent to 3.6 billion barrels of oil a year. Electricity is produced by falling water passing through a turbine; dams are often used to ensure water supply can be controlled depending on the demand for power.However the construction of mighty dams often has huge environmental impacts caused by having to flood large areas, triggering acute damage existing habitats--- the three gorges dam currently under construction in china will see 632 square kilometers inundated洪水泛滥 and1.1 million people facing resettlement. Such obvious deficiencies 缺点aside, hydropower offers a clean, renewable source of energy that offers cheap electricity.Blowing hot and coldWonderfully simple in concept, perfectly practical in reality, wind power has been on the drawing board of energy providers for centuries. Yet its potential has long been hamstrung 不起作用by opponents claiming wind farms spoil the beauty of the landscape. This is compounded加重 by year of under-investment and a lack of political support.Power is generated by the wind turning massive blades that in turn drive turbines, with the ensuing energy piped to the national grid. Simple. And there are absolutely no destructive by-products. What’s more, vast swathes 长条形地带of the globe provide idol conditions to harness开发 wind power, though of course most coastal and mountainous regions experience enough of the resource to make it visible, at least locally.In China, estimates place its wind resource at 350,000 megawatts, sufficient to provide the world’s largest national population with electricity today. Britain, the windiest country in Europe, itself endures sufficient brisk breezes to serve its electricity generation three times over. Offshore plants are favoured where the wind is stronger and no one can complain at the intrusion into their environment.However, as well as the visual impact of wind-farms, some local residents have complained about levels of noise from the turbine gearing systems and blades. Some people are particularly sensitive to low level noise and there is evidence that in certain sites, like Landdinam in Wales, the sound is amplified by some sort of resonance within the valley. Other objects include interference with television and radio reception, negative impacts on local tourism and property values, and the potential disruption扰乱 to wildlife, especially birds.Hydrogen time-bombHigh hopes are pinned or the fuel cell, a technology forecast to reshape the world energy economy, and adds-on to power transport-systems of tomorrow by replacingpetro. Again, its green credentials证书 are indisputable: fuel cells release nothing more damaging into the atmosphere than water vapour. Onlike oil, gas and coal it does not produce carbon dioxide, and has the advantage of being twice as efficient as conventional engines in converting chemical fuels into power.Fuel cells also hold potential for developing nations because they are almost as economical on a small-scale as a large one, require little maintenance and no recharging. In simple terms, fuel cells work using a chemical reaction to produce electricity from hydrogen, which can be derived from such sources as natural gas and methanol甲醇. Governments are understandably keen on a technology that offers the possibility of true”zero emission” energy.With the cost of power failures to it economies greater than ever, off-grid sources such as stationary fuel cells could soon become commercial necessities.Be oriented to调整适应Be pinned on 信赖，附属于Blaze a trail 开路先锋，带头Blow hot and cold犹豫不决Convert into 变换转变Make inroads 涉足另一个新领域On the drawing board在设计阶段Solar panel 太阳能电池板Tap into开发着手Zero emission 零排放选择题1、At the press conference, they were scrambling攀登 to give the impressionthat the situation was in control.A/searching B/struggling C/crowding D/exiting2、Written off again and again, he has proved phenomenon in resilience andpolitical craftiness.A/notable B/tangible C/extraordinary D/sensible3、This news has sent a wave of panic through the world which to me seemsway out of proportion.A/ far B/mean C/simply D/away4、Downtown business owners say that they want the city’s homeless sheltermoved to a conspicuous location.A/confronted B/ fantastic C/confident D/noticeable5、Over the past year, Linux has significant inroads into embedded designsrequiring rich, high performance networking.A/ Made money B/made achievement C/ made advances D/ madeprogress6、The important thing is to harness growth to self-knowledge, a readyacceptance of change, swift-moving business practice and sound judgment.A/ make use control produce escape7、We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdlesthat we must complete before anyone else.Barriers bless reports handouts8、I haven’t been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions since I workedabroad three months.Change adjust direct organize9、The company office was inundated with telegrams of congratulations on thetenth anniversary of its foundation.Overjoyed flooded crowded satisfied10、He had draw a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned hisfaith on an absurdity.Decided practiced depended placed。

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-8词汇及课后答案

Unit 8Literary WorksWord Bankbodega: n. a small Spanish [grocer杂货店老板->grocer’s (shop)] grocery (日杂用品) store, sometimes combined with a wineshop酒店，酒窖; spirit 精神/灵魂/烈性酒brandy: n. an alcoholic liquor distilled (分馏) from wine or fermented (发酵的) fruit juice白兰地; brand new崭新的(coffee<->) cafe (=cafeteria): n. (US) a place to buy drinks, simple meals, and snacks (快餐) in 咖啡馆，小餐馆client: n. a customer or patron顾客->patriot-> patrioticcommit: v. to do or perform sth. illegal做，实行或犯（罪）(confident: adj. ->) confidence: n. trust or faith in sb. or sth.信心，信赖despair (n./ vi. ->desperate: adj.): n. complete loss of hope绝望dew: n. water droplets (小水滴) condensed (凝结) from the air, usually at night露珠; -let: adj. small/ tinydignity (n. ->dignify: vt.): n. poise (n. / vt. 平衡) and self-respect尊严(drink->drank->) drunk: adj. intoxicated with alcoholic liquor喝醉的; drunk driving酒后驾车; drunkard醉鬼(dust->) dusty: adj. covered or filled with dust布满尘埃的employ (->employer<-> employee): v. to make use of使用hombre: n. (slang俚语/ 方言) a man from Spain男人，西班牙系的人insomnia: n. c hronic (慢性的/长期的) inability to fall asleep or remain asleep for an adequate (=enough) length of time失眠(症)insult: v. to treat with rudeness侮辱nasty: adj. dirty and smelly emission (散发): n. the act or an instance of emitting肮脏，邋遢的(omit->) omission省略, 删除rap: (1)n. 说唱文学作品; (2)vt. to hit sharply and swiftly敲击regard: (1) n. careful thought or attention留意，关心; (2)vt. consider认为reluctant(->reluctance): adj. be unwilling (to do sth.); (be) disinclined不愿意的<->be inclined to do sth.想做某事(sauce调味汁->) saucer: n. a small shallow dish having a slight circular (圆形的/ 环形的) depression (凹槽) in the center for holding a cup茶托shutter: n. a hinged cover or screen for a window, usually fitted with louvers (天窗,) 百叶窗spill: v. to cause or allow to run or fall out of a container (容器) 溢出，溅出square广场; ~ meter平方米/ cubic meter立方米自杀; pesticide杀虫剂syntax: n. the pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language句式，句型, 句法terrace: n. a platform extending outdoors (adv.户外) from a floor of a house or an apartment building平台, balcony阳台/ 楼厅unjust: (1) adj. unfair不公平的; (2)adv. What did you say just now?unpolished: adj. lacking in good manners, culture, or refinement粗鲁的；polish (=flatter)：vt. 阿谀奉承Phrases and Expressionsclose up: to cause to cease operation or being used打烊in a hurry (vi./ n.): hurriedly匆忙地; Hurry up, or we’ll be late!keep watch: to keep an careful observation盯梢; night watch守夜人; watch TV; see a film; listen to the news over the radio.put up (=lift): to construct or erect (竖立) sth.举起，抬起stay up (late) (=sit up late): not go to bed熬夜(turn on<->) turn off: to stop the operation or flow of sth. by means of a tap (水龙头), switch [(1)n.开关; (2)vi.转换] or button关掉(<->bottom)；code switch转码Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. Why did the two waiters of the café keep a close watch on the old man? ( B )A. Because the old man never showed up before.B. Because the old man tended to forget to pay the bill.C. Because the old man once committed suicide in the cafeD. Because the old man was getting drunk.2. In Para. 27, "... speaking with that omission of syntax stupid people employ when talking to drunken people or foreigners." Here the "omission of syntax" implies that ( D )A. the younger waiter had a poor knowledge of grammar and sentence structureB. the younger waiter in a hurry forgot to employ a right sentence structureC. the younger waiter saved some unnecessary sentence structureD. the younger waiter was too hurried and impatient to justify himself3. In what way were the younger waiter and the older waiter of two different kinds? ( D )A. The older waiter was sympathetic toward the old man, while the younger waiter was indifferent.B. The older waiter was seeking a clean and well lighted place, while the younger waiter enjoyed darkness because he was satisfied with the current life.C. The older waiter wanted to escape from nothingness, while the younger waiter hadn't yet lost passion for life.D. All of the above.4. What's the real purpose of the repeated employment of nada in this story? ( A )A. To indicate that life is unending emptiness without companionship of man or God.B. To suggest that life would yield no fruit at all if we don't try hard.C. To imply that we should not believe in any religion.D. To show that the life with nothing at all is not worth living.5. According to the story, what is a clean, well-lighted place? ( B )A. It is a spacious room with clean environment and good lights.B. It is an escape from the darkness and nothingness of the life.C. It is the paradise where people can get the bliss from the Lord.D. It is a bar or café, where people can seek the realization of their own values.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letterof each word has been given to you.It is late at night in a café. Two waiters of the cafe are keeping a close (1) watch on an old man. The old deaf man frequents (vt.平凡光顾) the café regularly and tends to leave without paying his (2) bill when drunk.As they watch, the two waiters gossip (n./ vi.) about the old man's recent (3) suicide attempt. The younger one comments (评论) that the man's (4) despair could not have been over money, since he seemed to have plenty. Then he refuses in vain (徒劳) to provide the old man another drink, so he complains to the older waiter that he is tired and wishes to go home. He also complains that he would already be on his way (5) home (n./ adv.) if the old man had succeeded (in) killing himself.(Note->) Noting that the old man must be nearly 80 years of age, the younger waiter says to live that long is (6) nasty (bad). However, the older waiter points out that the old man maintains hismotions (waves) for another brandy but is firmly (absolutely) turned down (refused), so he pays for his drinks and leaves. Then the two waiters go their separate ways (went home respectively). Rather than returning home, the older waiter goes to a bar to look for a clean and well (8) 1ighted place, where he is taken (=regarded/ considered) as a crazy person by the barman. On the way back home, he decides (thinks) that it will be (9) insomnia that accompanies (~ sb. to somewhere) him all night. For him, life is just full of (10) nothingness (uselessness/ insignificance).VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. He was (silhouette) silhouetted (侧面影象, 轮廓) ___D__ the light of the stair window.A. betweenB. amongC. fromD. against2. They listened to the soft ticking and creaking as the house ___A__.A. settledB. trembledC. shookD. quivered3.[manual labo(u)r->manufacture->) Manufacturers (厂商) will have to __A___ (substance->) substantial funds [(1)n.资金; (2)vt. 资助] to developing (开发) new engines.A. investB. commitC. anticipate (预料)D. cut4. Driven to __A___ due to the (lose) loss (n. 赔钱/ 亏损) in financial crisis, he threw himself under a train.A. despairB. madnessC. disappointmentD. excitement5. There are dark ___C__ beneath your eyes.A. cloudsB. bagsC. shadowsD. reflections (反射)6. Members of the Royal British Legion (军团) ___B__ past the Cenotaph (纪念碑).A. movedB. (vi.) marched (->March三月份)C. motionedD. mashed (vt.捣碎; smash)7. Plastic (n./ adj.) bags burn with a __D___, acrid (酸) smell.A. pleasantB. (noise->) noisy (adj.)C. penetrating (穿刺)D. nasty (=terrible)8. Years of (frustrate->) frustration __A___ over into (violent->) violence.A. spilledB. splashedC. spanked (打...的屁股)D. spread (散播开来)9. He (modesty: n.) modestly (谦虚) ___C__ to mention that he was British pole-vault champion (撑杆跳冠军).A. pretends (假装)B. offers (give)C. omitsD. presents [(1)n.礼物; (2)adj.在场的; (3)vt.再现历史事实]10. Questionnaire (调查问卷) and (ethnics种族/ 论理道德->ethnic: adj.) ethnographic (民族, 人种学的) study are the two basic instruments (仪器仪表手段) they ___C__ to collect data.A. edit 编辑B. exhibit展览C. employ利用D. enhance加强II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. dread dignity confidence reluctantunpolished sleep steady hurryemploy regard pleasant rapcommit drink square1. There are now (stiff: adj. 僵硬的/ 严厉的->) stiffer penalties (刑罚) for (drink->drank->drunk/ drink->drank->drunken) drunken drivers.2. We can find that the employment rate (概率) of university graduates (毕业/毕业生) has declined gradually.3. She sensed (felt) his (reluctant->) reluctance to continue the relationship with her.4. He turned off (偏离) the road into a sleepy (quiet/ out of the way/ remote) little town.5. Please give your parents my warmest regards. [give sb. my regards替我向某人问好]6. Peter is confident of winning the post (job) as the assistant (助手) to the managing director (行政经理).7. Behind the bar the (stew: vt. 炖) steward (服务员<-> stewardess空姐) are polishing (擦拭) the glasses busily.8. I've had a dreadful (terrible) day--everything seems to have gone wrong (出错go bad变质).9. Everyone sensed (felt) that something was wrong. The plane was moving unsteadily through the air.10. I tried (努力) to remember all the articles I had hurriedly packed (打包) and wrote them down (recorded) as (when) they came to me.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the caféand looked at the terrace where the tables were all empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind.2. "No, thank you," said the waiter and went out. He disliked bars and bodegas. A clean, well-lighted café was a very different thing. Now, without thinking further, he would go home to hisroom. He would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight, he would go to sleep. After all, he said to himself, it was probably only insomnia. Many must have it.参考译文：1．他们一起坐在紧靠着餐馆大门墙边的桌旁，眼睛望着平台，那儿的桌子全都空无一人，只有那个老人坐在随风轻轻飘拂的树叶的阴影里。

高等学校研究生英语综合教程下第八单元课件及课后题答案

The population has dropped from more than 800 to about 300 over the last 100 years, and Smith Island is ______________. Most of the Island is losing its land only 1 foot above sea level. The higher areas where the people live are just 2-4 feet above the water. Coastal ecologists say the Chesapeake Bay has risen by more than a half foot over the past continues to swallow the land century and ___________________________.
Crumbling wooden crab shacks and battered bulwarks are testimony to the Island’s ____________ to vulnerability the sea. To help the Islanders’ beat back the bay, the install army call of engineers launched a plan to _______ new bulkheads and stone breakwaters aroundTanleten, part slow erosion and of a multi-million-dollar plan to_______________ __________________________________. persuade people to stay

研究生英语综合教程英语原文 Unit8

Unit Eight It's almost a common sense that wearing a seat belt can keep passengers from being injured or being killed in a car accident. But recent research done by John Adams shows more complicated statistics. More car accidents are caused by the reckless drivers who wear seat belts.THE HIDDEN DANGER OF SEAT BELTS David Bjerklie1 Seat belts still decrease our risk of dying in an accident, but the statistics are not all black and white. In fact, according to one researcher, seat belts may actually cause people to drive more recklessly.2 If there's one thing we know about our risky world, it's that seat belts save lives. And they do, of course. But reality, as usual, is messier and more complicated than that. John Adams, risk expert and emeritus professor of geography at University College London, was an early skeptic of the seat belt safety mantra. Adams first began to look at the numbers more than 25 years ago. What he found was that contrary to conventional wisdom, mandating the use of seat belts in 18 countries resulted in either no change or actually a net increase in road accident deaths.3 How can that be? Adams' interpretation of the data rests on the notion of risk compensation, the idea that individuals tend to adjust their behavior in response to what they perceive; as changes in the level of risk. Imagine, explains Adams, a driver negotiating a curve in the road. Let's make him a young male. He is going to be influenced by his perceptions of both the risks and rewards of driving a car. The considerations could include getting to work or meeting a mend for dinner on time, impressing a companion with his driving skills, bolstering his image of himself as an accomplished driver. They could also include his concern for his own safety and desire to live to a ripe old age, his feelings of responsibility for a toddler with him in a car seat, the cost of banging up his shiny new car or losing his license.Nor will these possible concerns exist in a vacuum. He will be taking into account the weather and the condition of the road, the amount of traffic and the capabilities of the car he is driving. But crucially, says Adams, this driver will also be adjusting his behavior in response to what he perceives are changes in risks. If he is wearing a seat belt and his car has front and side air bags and anti-skid brakes to boot, he may in turn drive a bit more daringly.4 The point, stresses Adams, is that drivers who feel safe may actually increase the risk that they pose to other drivers, bicyclists, pedestrians and their own passengers (while an average of 80% of drivers buckle up, only 68% of their rear-seat passengers do). And risk compensation is hardly confined to the act of driving a car. Think of a trapeze artist, suggests Adams, or a rock climber or motorcyclist. Add some safety equipment to the equation- a net, rope or helmet respectively- and the person may try maneuvers that he or she would otherwise consider foolish. In the case of seat belts, instead of a simple, straightforward reduction in deaths, the end result is actually a more complicated redistribution of risk and fatalities. For the sake of argument, offers Adams, imagine how it might affect the behavior of drivers if a sharp stake were mounted in the middle of the steering wheel? Or if the bumper were packed with explosives. Perverse, yes, but it certainly provides a vivid example of how a perception of risk could modify behavior.5 In everyday life, risk is a moving target, not a set number as statistics might suggest. In addition to external factors, each individual has his or her own internal comfort level with risk- taking. Some are daring while others are cautious by nature. And still others are fatalists who may believe that a higher power devises mortality schedules that fix a predetermined time when ournumber is up. Consequently, any single measurement assigned to the risk of driving a car is bound to be only the roughest sort of benchmark. Adams cites, as an example the statistical fact that a young man is 100 times more likely to be involved in a severe crash than is a middle-aged woman. Similarly, someone driving at 3:00 a.m. Sunday is more than 100 times more likely to die than someone driving at 10:00 a.m. Sunday. Someone with a personality disorder is 10 times more likely to die. And let's say he's also drunk. Tally up All these factors and consider them independently says Adams, and you could arrive at. a statistical prediction that a disturbed, drunken young man driving in the middle of the night is 2.7 million times more likely to be involved in a serious accident than would a sober, middle-aged woman driving to church seven hours later.6 The bottom line is that risk doesn't exist in a vacuum and that there are a host of factors that come into play, including the rewards of risk, whether they are financial, physical or emotional. It is this very human context which risk exists. That is key, says Adams, who titled one of his recent blogs: What Kills You Matters- Not Numbers. Our reaction to risk very much depends on the degree to which it is voluntary (scuba diving), unavoidable (public transit) or imposed (air quality), the degree to which we feel we are in control (driving) or at the mercy of others (plane travel), and the degree to which the source of possible danger is benign ("doctor's orders), indifferent (nature) or malign, (murder and terrorism). We make dozens of risk calculations daily, but you can book odds- that most of them are so automatic or visceral- that we barely notice them.。

新发展研究生英语综合教程第八单元搞定

第八单元Part AFill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.notorietyperishreckoningfrivolousbeholdmeagercoop upgregariousoutstriphermitmellowsquander1. He could not support his__meager_____ family on his salary; therefore he had to work part-t ime as a waiter in a local restaurant.他的工资不足以维持他那一贫如洗的家庭，因此他不得不在当地一家餐馆做兼职服务员。

2. You are not a(n) ___ hermit____ but you have the capacity to withdraw and this is a good and healthy quality that helps give you balance, perspective, a peaceful disposition, and wisdom. 你不是一个隐士，但你有能力隐退，这是一种良好和健康的品质，帮助你平衡、透视、平和的性格和智慧。

3.After ___cooping up____ in the stuffy little office all day, Sharon decided to walk home rathe r than take the crowded bus.在闷热的小办公室呆了一整天后，沙伦决定步行回家，而不愿乘拥挤的公共汽车。

4. The ensuring investigation achieved nationwide___notoriety____ as the Summerdale Police S candal" and blew the lid off the Chicago Police Department.随着萨默代尔警察丑闻的曝光，这一确定无疑的调查在全国范围内获得了广泛的关注。

新编研究生综合英语教程unit8详解

public mind, at purifying the national taste, at supplying true
principles to popular enthusiasm and fixed aims to popular aspiration, at giving enlargement and sobriety to the ideas of the

internet connection. MOOCs let you to fit learning into your life. They
give you the flexibility to choose when and where you study supporting you to manage your studies alongside your work or other commitments. If you have an internet connection MOOCs allow you to
heroes or inspires genius on the other. But a university training
is the great but ordinary means to a great but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society, at cultivating the
access quality education for free.
Background
1. Information about the MOOCs

2.MOOCs are classes that are taught online to large numbers of students, with minimal involvement by professors. Typically, students watch short video lectures and complete assignments that are graded either by machines or by other students. That way a lone professor can support a class with hundreds of thousands of participants.

研究生英语课程unit8

Unit 8Text AIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension(1) People’s frequent use of automobiles lead to the use of non-renewable fuels, a dramaticincrease in the rate of accidental death, social isolation and the disconnection of community, rise in obesity, the generation of air and noise pollution, the facilitation of urban sprawl and urban decay.(2) First, increased road-building exerts negative effects on the habitat for wildlife, primarilythrough habitat fragmentation and surface runoff alteration. Second, new roads built through sensitive habitats can cause the loss or degradation of ecosystems, and the materials required for roads come from large-scale rock quarrying and gravel extraction, which sometimes occurs in sensitive ecological areas. What’s more, road construction also alters the water table, increases surface runoff, and increases the risk of flooding. All these threaten the existence of wildlife.(3) Automobiles are a major source of air pollution and noise pollution. They contributegreatly to the global climate warming by emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.What’s more, the increased road-building exerts negative effects on wildlife habitat. (4) Automobiles brought about changes to urban society. First, streetcars, cable cars, and otherforms of light rail in the urban areas are replaced by coaches or buses. Second, it’s more dangerous for pedestrians to walk. Third, people have less contact with their neighbors and become more disconnected.(5) Until the advent of the automobile, factory workers lived either close to the factory or inhigh density communities farther away, connected to the factory by streetcar or rail. The automobile and the federal subsidies for roads and suburban development that supported car culture allowed people to live in low density communities far from the city center and integrated city neighborhoods. The outward growth of cities accelerated. The suburban society came.2. VocabularySection A(1) favorable (2) sprawl (3) proliferation (4) fragmentation (5) manure72(6) sanitation (7) diesel (8) integrate (9) ideology (10) solidifySection B(1) A (2) D (3) B (4) C (5) D (6) B (7) A (8) C (9) B (10) D3. Cloze(1) emphasizing (2) particularly (3) brought (4) alternative (5) moves(6) reliance (7) least (8) sure (9) intact (10) as(11) shadow (12) prospect (13) cigarettes (14) doubt (15) vast(16) suburban (17) mean (18) abandoned (19) right (20) purchasing4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) The two countries should initiate bilateral dialogues and cooperation on the basis of mutualrespect and equality, which will be beneficial to the economic development of both sides.(2) Unless we take all factors into account, we shall be faced for a long time with the socialproblem of insufficient employment, which is one element that causes social instability. (3) In this century, our country will continue to accelerate the strategic adjustment of theeconomic structure in an attempt to seize every opportunity to develop.(4) With the advent of biological economic era, many countries put a high value on developingbiotechnology industry.(5) The rampant deforestation has broken the panda habitat into isolated areas, which isespecially da ngerous for pandas’ existence.(6) Action, gesture, eye, and voice contribute to the greater effectiveness of drama ascompared with the novel.(7) Aside from wealth, potential moon travelers will need time to train for the mission andmust meet health requirements.(8) In response to an epidemic reported in the area, the government authorities immediatelydecided to fly in doctors and medical supplies to ease difficulties of the affected areas.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.At a time when most carmakers are struggling to cope with the worst crisis the industry has experienced in living memory, the ambitions of Geely, China’s biggest privately owned car firm, are breathtaking. The company is simultaneously developing six modern platforms—an astonishing number even for a global giant such as Toyota—and is committed to launching nine new cars in the next 18 months and up to 42 new models by 2015. Its technical director, Frank Zhao, claims that Geely will have the capacity to make 2m cars a year by then.B. English to ChineseUnit 8 731) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.汽车对于中产阶级的文化有着重要的影响，汽车融入到了从音乐到书籍到电影的各个生活层面。

研究生综合英语课文.Unit 8.The Business as a Hunting Ground

The Business as a Hunting GroundEsther Vilar There are many women who take their place in the working world of today. Secretaries and shop assistants,factory workers and stewardesses —not to mention those countless hearty young women who populate the colleges and universities in ever-increasing numbers. One might even get the impression that woman’s nature had undergonea radical change in the last twenty years. Today’s young women appear to be less unfair than their mothers. They seem to have decided — perhaps out of pity for their victims — not to exploit men any more, but to bee, in truth, their partners.The impression is deceptive. The only truly important act in any woman’s life is the selection of the right partner. In any other choice she can afford to make a mistake. Consequently, she will look for a man where he works or studies and where she can best observe and judge the necessary masculine qualities she values. Offices, factories, colleges, and universities are, to her, nothing but gigantic marriage markets.The particular field chosen by any young woman as a hunting ground will depend to a large extent on the level of ine of the man who has previously been her slave, in other words, her father. The daughters of men in the upper ine brackets will choose colleges or universities. These offer the best chances of capturing a man who will earn enough to maintain the standards she has already acquired. Besides, a period of study for form’s sake is much more convenient than a temporary employment. Girls from less-well-off homes will have to go into factories, shops, offices, or hospitals for a time — but again with the same purpose in mind. None of them intend to stay in these jobs for long. They will continue only until marriage — or, in cases of hardship, till pregnancy. This offers woman one important advantage, any woman who marries nowadays has given up her studies or her job “for the sake of the man of her choice”— and “sacrifices” of this nature create obligations.Therefore, when women work and study, it merely serves to falsify statistics and furthermore to enslave men more hopelessly than ever, because education and the professions mean something very different when applied to women as opposed to men.When a man works it is a matter of life and death, and, as a rule, the first years of his life are decisive. Any man of twenty-five who is not well on his way up the ladder can beconsidered, to all intentsand purposes, a hopeless case. At this stage, all his faculties are being developed, and the fight with his petitors is a fight to the death. Behind a mask of business friendship, he is constantly on the watch for anysign of superiority in one of his associates, and he will note its appearance with anxiety. If this same associate shows signs of weakness or indecision, it must be taken advantage of at once. Yet man is only a tiny cog in a gigantic business machine, he himself being in effect exploited at every turn.When he drives others, he drives himself most of all. His orders are really orders from above, passed on by him. If the men at the top occasionally take time to praise him, it is not in order tomake him happy; it is only to spur him on, to stimulate him to greater effort. For man, who was brought up to be proud and honorable, every working day is merely an endless series of humiliations. He shows enthusiasm for products he finds useless, he laughs at jokes he finds tasteless, he expresses opinions which are not his own.Not for a moment is he allowed to forget that the merest oversight may mean demotion, that one slip of the tongue may spell the end of his career.Yet woman, who is the prime cause of all these struggles, and under whose very eyes these fights take place, just stands aside and watches. Going to work means to her flirting and dates, teasing and banter, with the odd bit of “labor” done for the sake of appearances — work for which, as a rule, she has no responsibility. She knows that she is only marking time, and even if she does have to go on working for one reason or another, at least she has had years of pleasant dreams. She watches men's battles from a safe distance, occasionally applauding one of the contestants, encouraging or scolding, and while she makes their coffee, opens their mail, or listens to their telephone conversations, she is cold-bloodedly taking her pick. The moment she has found “Mr. Right,”she retires gracefully, leaving the field open to her successor.The same applies to university education. American colleges admit more and more women, but the percentage who actually plete their courses is less than before the SecondWorld War. They sit happily in lectures designing their spring wardrobe and between classes flirt with the boys. With their scarlet nails carefully protected by transparent rubber gloves, they play around with corpses in the dissecting rooms, while their male colleagues realize their whole future is at stake. If a woman leaves the university with an engagement ring on her finger, she has earned her degree; man has hardly begun when he obtains his diploma.Degrees are, after all, easy to e by — you have only to memorize. How many examiners can tell the difference between real knowledge and bluff? Man, however, has to understand his subject as well. His later success will depend on whether his knowledge is well-founded; his later prestige will be built on this, and often other people’s lives are dependent on it.None of these battles exists for woman.If she breaks off her studies and marries a university lecturer, she has achieved the same level as he has without exerting herself. As the wife of a factory owner she is treated with greater respect than he is (and not as somebody who at best would be employable on the assembly line in the same factory). As a wife she always has the same standard of living and social prestige and has to do nothing to maintain them — as he does. For this reason the quickest way to succeed is always to marry a successful man. She does not win him by her industry, ambition, or perseverance — but simply through an attractive appearance.We have already seen what demands the well-trained man makes on a woman’s appearance. The best women trainers — without the least effort — catch the most successful fighters among men. The so-called “beautiful” women are usually those who have had an easy life from their childhood days and therefore have less reason than others to develop their intellectual gifts (intelligence is developed only through petition); it follows as a logical consequence that very successful men usually have abysmally stupid wives ( unless, of course, one considers woman’s skill at transforming herself into bait for man a feat of intelligence). It has almost bee a monplace that a really successful man, be he a pany director, financier, shipping magnate, or orchestra conductor, will, when he reaches the zenith of his career, marry a beautiful model usually his second or third wife. Men who have inherited money often take such a supergirl as their first wife although she will be exchanged over the years for another. Yet, as a rule, models are women of little education who have not even finished school and who have nothing to do until they marry but look beautiful and pose beingly in front of a camera. But they are “beautiful”—and that makes them potentially rich.A small percentage (ten to twenty percent) of women students in industrial countries of the West do, in fact, obtain their degrees before they get married. Despite occasionalexceptions, they are, as a rule, less attractive and have failed to catch a suitable provider while still in school. But then, this degree willautomatically raise their market value, for there are certain types of men who feel bolstered if their wife has a degree — providing they have one themselves. It is clear evidence of his own cleverness if such a highly educated woman is interested in him. If by chance this female mastermind happens to be sexy, he will be beside himself with joy.But not for long. Even women doctors, women sociologists, and women lawyers “sacrifice” their careers for their men, or at least set them aside. They withdraw into suburban ranch houses, have children, plant flower beds and fill their homes with the usual trash. Within a few years these new entertainments obliterate the small amount of “expert knowledge,” learned by rote, of course, and they bee exactly like their female neighbors.。

研究生英语综合教程UNIT8课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)

UNIT81. In the last year, MOOCs have gotten a tremendous amount of publicity. Last November, the New York Times decided that 2012 was “the Year of the MOOC,” and columnists like David Brooks and Thomas Friedman have proclaimed ad nausea that the MOOC “revolution” is a “tsunami” that will soon transform higher education. As a Time cover article on MOOCs put it — in a rhetorical flourish that has become a truly dead cliché — “College is Dead. Long Live College!”2. Where is the hype coming from? On the one hand, higher education is ripe for “disruption” — to use Clayton Christensen’s theory of “disruptive innovation” — because there is a real, systemic crisis in higher education, one that offers no apparent or immanent solution. It’s hard to imagine how the status quo can survive if you extend current trends forward into the future: how does higher education as we know it continue if tuition fees and student debt continue to skyrocket while state funding continues to plunge? At what point does the system simply break down? Something has to give.3.At the same time, the speed at which an obscure form of non-credit-based online pedagogy has gone so massively mainstream demonstrates the level of investment that a variety of powerful people and institutions have made in it. The MOOC revolution, if it comes, will not be the result of a groundswell of dissatisfaction felicitously finding a technology that naturally solves problems, nor some version of the market’s invisible hand. It’s a tsunami powered by the interested speculation of interested parties in a particular industry. MOOCs are, and will be, big business, and the way that their makers see profitability at the end of the tunnel is what gives them their particular shape.4. After all, when the term itself was coined in 2008 — MOOC, for Massively Open Online Course — it described a rather different kind of project. Dave Cormier suggested the name for an experiment in open courseware that George Siemens and Stephen Downes were putting together at the University of Manitoba, a class of 25 students that was opened up to over 1,500 online participants. The tsunami that made land in 2012 bears almost no resemblance to that relatively small — and very differently organized — effort at a blended classroom.For Cormier, Siemens, and Downes, the first MOOC was part of a long-running engagement with connectivist principles of education, the idea that we learn best when we learn collaboratively, in networks, because the process of learning is less about acquiring new knowledge “content” than about building the social and neural connections that will 1. 去年，“大规模在线开放课程”得到了广泛的宣传。

研究生基础综合英语unit8

My Chinese Heart
Part A Part B
Unit
Listening
8
Patriotism
Pre-listening
Part C
a. a leading tenor in Australia Opera. b. a vocalist who has worked in Australia for seven years. c. a returned overseas Chinese singer who performs a solo concert. d. a fill-in actor who gains his permanent residence in Australia. e. a vocal artist who refuses to accept the Artist Establishment Award of the European Art Committee and Roman municipal government. f. an organizer of a Chinese Three Tenors concert. a, b, c, f Ding Yi is _________
My Chinese Heart
Part A Part B
Unit
Listening
Word Building Background Information
8
Patriotism
Pre-listening
Lead-in
Part C
1. The Opera of Australia The Opera of Australia, often known as Australia Opera, is Australia’s national opera troupe of global fame. Resident at the Sydney Opera House in Sidney and the Arts Center in Melbourne, it performs operas and concerts in capital cities and regional centers all over the world. In 1956, it started its very first season of Mozart operas, touring most big cities in Australia. It is made up of a permanent ensemble of vocal artists and musicians.

研究生英语综合教程上 UNIt 8、9、10单元中task 3全文翻译和答案

UNIt 8，task 3.Risk compensation is the idea that individuals tend to adjust their behavior in response to what they perceive as changes in the level of risk. 风险补偿是指个体倾向于根据他们所认为的风险水平的变化来调整自己的行为。

Imagine,what would happen if safety regulations were to require all cars to be made of cardboard,fitted with inefficient brakes and with a sharp spike in the center of the steering column。

想象一下，如果安全法规要求所有的汽车都是用纸板做的，装有低效的刹车，并且在转向柱的中心有一个尖锐的尖刺，会发生什么。

if all roads were paved with a substance having the same frictiong cofficient as ice ,and if all drivers were obliged to change every other month or ,better yet,if there were no rules about which of the road to drive on.如果所有道路都铺设了与冰相同摩擦系数的物质，如果所有驾驶员必须每隔一个月换一次车，或者，更好的是，如果没有关于在哪条道路上行驶的规定。

the evidence suggests that there would be no increase,and possibly a decrease,in road accident fatalities,but there would be a substantial decrease in the efficiency of the road transport system.有证据表明，道路交通事故死亡人数不会增加，甚至可能会减少，但道路运输系统的效率会大幅下降。

高等学校研究生英语系列教材综合教程下课文翻译

Unit 8 Smarter Transportation 座椅安全带的隐患1 座椅安全带固然能降低我们在车祸中死亡的危险，但从统计数据看，情况并不是那么绝对。

事实上，据一位研究者说，安全带可能会使人们在驾车时更加无所顾忌。

2 对于这个有危险的世界，如果有一件事我们还算了解，那就是座椅安全带可以救命。

当然，它确实可以救命。

但实际情况通常要更混乱、更复杂。

伦敦大学学院的风险专家、地理学荣誉教授约翰?亚当斯早就质疑安全带能保证驾车安全的信条。

亚当斯最早开始查看统计数字是早在25年前的事了。

他的发现与人们的普遍看法恰恰相反——在18个强制使用安全带的国家，要么交通事故死亡率根本没有变化，要么实际上反而导致了死亡率的净增长。

3 怎么会这样? 亚当斯用风险补偿的概念来解释这些数据资料，这个概念就是：人们往往会根据他们意识到的风险程度的改变来相应地调整自己的行为。

亚当斯解释说，假设一位司机驾车途中要过一个窄弯道，这名司机是个男青年，那么他会受到自己对以下两方面认知的影响：驾车的风险和驾车的回报。

他所考虑的东西可能包括：能够准时上班或准时赶赴朋友的饭局、让同伴对他的驾车技术留下深刻印象、使自己作为熟练驾车手的形象更加巩固。

他还可能考虑到自身的安全问题、长命百岁的愿望、对车上年幼乘客的责任感、撞毁自己的漂亮新车或驾驶证被没收的代价。

这些可能的担心也不是孤立存在的。

他还要考虑到天气和路况、交通拥挤的程度和所驾车子的性能。

但亚当斯说，关键的足这个司机还将根据他对风险变化的判断来调整自己的行为。

如果他系上了安全带，而他的车子带有前、侧气囊和防滑刹车系统，他驾起车来可能会更大胆。

4 亚当斯强调说，问题就在于自我感觉安全的司机们实际上对其他司机、骑自行车者、行人和自己车上的乘客来说是更大的危险(平均80％的司机系安全带，而同车后座的乘客只有68％系安全带)。

风险补偿绝不仅限于驾车行为。

亚当斯说，类似的还有表演高空秋千的艺人、攀岩者或摩托车手。

高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit_8

Reading Focus – Language Point
1. Seat belts still decrease our risk of dying in an accident, but the statistics are not all black and white. (Para. 1)
Starting out—Task 1
Task 1
Work in pairs. Choose your favorite car from the cars given on P220 and tell your partner why you like it best.
Starting out—Task 2
Reading Focus – Detailed Information
Task 2
Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text.
Key: 1 A 2 B 6 A 7 B 3 A 4 A 5 B 8 B 9 B 10 A
redistribute: v. to give something to each member of a group so that it is divided up in a different way from before 再分配，再分发 e.g.: Their primary concern was to redistribute income from rich to poor.
Reading Focus – Language Point
5. Consequently, any single measurement assigned to the risk of driving a car is bound to be only the roughest sort of benchmark. (Para. 5) benchmark: something that is used as a standard by which other things can be judged or measured 基准 e.g. 1) The valuation becomes a benchmark against which to judge other prices. 2) Tests at the age of seven provide a benchmark against which the child’s progress at school can be measured.

研究生英语综合教程unit 8

addict
[ə'dikt]
v: 沉溺于，使醉心入迷，使成瘾（+ to ) addict oneself to / be addicted to 沉溺于…
['ædikt]
n: 有„瘾的人；入迷的人
drug / film / work + addict 瘾君子/ 影迷/ 工作狂
You are turnin
spendthrift
['spend,θrɪft]
n: <贬>花钱无度的人;挥霍者 adj: 浪费的，奢侈的
E.g.
1. My mother warned me about marrying a spendthrift. 我妈妈告诫我，不要与挥霍金钱的人结婚。 2. He disowned his spendthrift son. 他与挥金如土的儿子脱离父子关系。
secular
['sekjulə]
1. 现世的，世俗的，非宗教（或教会的） 2. 延续几个世纪的，长期的，长久的
E.g.
1. secular concerns / court / education 凡夫俗子关心的事情 / 非宗教法庭 / 世俗教育 2. resume secular life 还俗
constitute ['kɔnstitju:t]
1. 组成，构成 2. 建立，制定，合法成立
3.（被认为或看作）是，相当于，等于
E.g. 1. Twelve months constitute a year.
12个月为一年。 2. They constituted an acting committee. 他们设立了一个临时委员会。 3. This constitutes an official warning. 这相当于一次正式警告。

高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit8ppt课件

Starting out—Task 1
Task 1
Work in pairs. Choose your favorite car from the cars given on P220 and tell your partner why you like it best.
Starting out—Task 2
Reading Focus – Global Understanding
Complete the following extract. It’s common knowledge that _s_e_at_b_e_lt_s_d_ec_r_e_as_e_o_u_r . _ri_sk_o_f_d_y_i_ng__in_a_n_a_c_c_id_e_n_t . But, according to John Adams __t_he__re_a_li_ty_i_s_m_e_s_si_e_r _an_d_m__o_re_c_o_m_p_l_ic_a_te_d__ _th_a_n_t_h_at_. Adams explains his research in terms of _ri_s_k_c_o_m_p_en_s_a_ti_o_n_. For example, seat belts may cause _p_e_o_p_le_t_o_d_ri_v_e_m_o_r_e_re_c_k_le_s_sl_y_, and thus pose risks to _o_th_e_r_p_as_s_e_ng_e_r_s _o_r _pe_d_e_st_ri_a_n_s _as__w_e_ll_a_s_th_e_m_s_e_lv_e_s_. There are many factors that affect risk, including _fi_na_n_c_ia_l,_p_h_y_s_ic_a_l o_r_e_m_o_t_io_n_a_l _re_w_a_rd_s____.

研究生英语综合教程(下)unit 8

高等院校研究生英语系列教材
综合教程（下）
INTEGRATED COURSE
Unit 3
Leisure Activity
实用文档
2
Content
Starting out
Reading Focus
Reading More
Translation
Practical
Focused Writing
Project
could be flattened. It probably is the case thwaet ocvaenr'tthgetnecxotntcreonltuorfythe green house if_______________,
we probably will have a few higher spots,
but not much more.” Most people hope that
the new efforts to stemmakeeroasion can at least
delay the inevitable sloivtihnagt one or two more
generations can ____________here at the edge
The population has dropped from more than 800 to about 300 over the last 100 years, anldosSimnigthitIssland is _________l_a_n_d__. Most of the Island is only 1 foot above sea level. The higher areas where the people live are just 2-4 feet above the water. Coastal ecologists say the ChecsoanpteiankueesBatyo hsawsalrlioswenthbey more than a halflafnodot over the past century and ___________________________.

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