汉译英最易翻错的100句(2)
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汉译英最易翻错的100句(2)
11.这家商店开辟了休息处,受到顾客的称赞。
[误] This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers' appreciation.
[正] This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers' appreciation. 注:英语的resting-place 虽然有“休息处”的意思,但更经常的是用来指“坟墓”,即“最后安息之处”。因此,把公共场所的“休息处”译为resting-place 不很合适。也有人将它译为rest-room,但那更不妥当,因为英语中的rest-room 是“厕所”的委婉说法,而“休息处”不是这个意思。
12.嘿,小伙子,千万别灰心。
[误] Hey, lad, don't lose your heart.
[正] Hey, lad, don't lose heart.
注:lose one's heart (to sb.) 是“心被...俘虏去,爱上...”的意思,而lose heart 才表示“灰心丧气,丧失勇气或信心”。
13.周末许多人睡得很晚。
[误] Many people sleep late at weekends.
[正] Many people go to bed very late at weekends.
注:第一句译文错在没弄懂sleep 的真正含义。英语动词有短暂动词和持续动词之分,它们分别表示短暂动作和持续的动作或状态。sleep 是典型的持续动词,表示“在睡觉”。而汉语的“睡”既可表示“上床睡觉”的短暂动作,如:我昨天11点才睡;也可以表示“在睡觉”的持续动作和状态,如:他睡了整整10个小时。原文属于前一种情况,即表示“上床睡觉”的短暂动作,故应该使用go to bed。
14.一辆白色轿车前来接新郎新娘去教堂。
[误] A white car turned up to take the groom and the bride to the church.
[正] A white car turned up to take the bride and the groom to the church.
注:汉英两种语言均有各自固定的词序,因此,在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯进行适当的调整,此处就是一个很好的例子。之所以将新娘放在前面,也许是西方文化中“女士优先”的又一体现吧!又如:“衣食住行”译成英语是food, clothing, shelter and transportation; 同样,“左顾右盼”翻译成look right and left。
15.电车上十分拥挤,几乎没有立足之地。
[误] The tram was so crowded that there was hardly sufficient room for you.
[正] The tram was so crowded that there was scarcely sufficient room for you.
注:副词hardly 和scarcely 虽然都含有“几乎不”等否定含义,有些时候也可以互换,如:I could hardly/scarcely recognize her(我几乎认不出她来了),但仍有细微的差异。如在强调数量“不足”时只能用scarcely,这时它常与enough、sufficient等词连用。
16.车来了。您先请。
[误] Here comes the car. You go first, please.
[正] Here comes the car. After you.
注:第一句译文虽然把“请”翻译出来了,但还是带有命令的口吻。地道的说法应该是After you。另外,不少人以为汉语的“请”等同于英语的please,其实并非如此。例如,在餐桌上请人吃菜或喝酒就不用please,地道的说法是Help yourself。
17.你做这样的事难道不感到羞耻吗?
[误] Aren't you ashamed for doing such a thing?
[正] Aren't you ashamed of doing such a thing?
注:be ashamed for 一般是指“对他人的行为或外在事物感到羞耻”,而be ashamed of 则是“由于自己的所作所为而感到羞耻”。
18.车祸发生在十字路口。
[误] The accident took place at a crossroad.
[正] The accident took place at a crossroads.
注:crossroad 是“交叉路,横马路”的意思,而crossroads 才是“十字路”或“十字路口”,它前面也可以用a,但-s 绝不能丢掉。
19.要学好英语,大量的练习是必要的。
[误] To learn English well, a great deal of practice is necessary.
[正] To learn English well, one needs to have a great deal of practice.
注:英语中非谓语动词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致,本例句中不定式to learn English well 的逻辑主语应该是“人”,而句子的主语却是practice,两者不相一致,违背了英语习惯,所以必须将句子的主语改为one,并做其它相应的调整。
20.比尔.盖茨平均每天工作15个小时,他简直就是一个工作狂。
[误] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is crazy about his work. [正] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is a workaholic.
注:crazy 虽然可以作“疯狂的,狂热的”讲,但be crazy about/on sth. 的意思却是“热衷于...,对...着迷”;be crazy for 也不行,因为它表示“渴望(某物);迷恋(某人)”。可见,它们都与“工作狂”有一定区别。而workaholic 是从alcoholic (嗜酒成癖者)派生出来的,表示像酗酒者离不开酒精一样地离不开工作。现在人们将-holic 作为一个后缀,表示“对...上瘾,嗜好...成癖”,并构成了许多新词。例如:movie-holic(嗜好电影成癖的人),telehokic(看电视成癖的人)等。