最新整理中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试(清华大学).docx
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末学业质量监测试题含解析
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末学业质量监测试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、下列说法正确的是A.硅酸可由二氧化硅与水反应制得B.Na2SiO3是硅酸盐,但不能溶于水C.硅是非金属元素,它的单质是灰黑色有金属光泽的固体D.硅是制造光导纤维的材料2、既能与盐酸反应,又能与NaOH溶液反应的是①Si;②Al(OH)3;③NaHCO3;④Al2O3;⑤Na2CO3A.全部B.①②④C.②④⑤D.②③④3、N A代表阿伏加德罗常数,下列说法正确的是()A.0.1mol Fe 与0.1mol Cl2反应,转移的电子数目为0.3N AB.1.12L Cl2含有1.7N A个质子C.标准状况下,22.4L SO3含N A个硫原子数D.3.2g O2和O3的混合物中含有的氧原子数目为0.2N A4、用N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列说法正确的是A.11.2 L CO2所含有的分子数为0.5.N aB.0.1mol•L-1 MgCl2的溶液中Cl-数为0.1N AC.1 mol Na2O2与足量H2O反应电子转移总数为2N AD.常温常压下,48gO3和O2的混合气体中含有的氧原子数为3N A5、《本草衍义》中对精制芒硝过程有如下叙述:“朴硝以水淋汁,澄清,再经熬炼减半,倾木盆中,经宿,遂结芒有廉棱者。
”文中未涉及的操作方法是A.溶解B.蒸发C.蒸馏D.结晶6、熔融烧碱应选用的仪器是()A.生铁坩埚B.普通玻璃坩埚C.石英坩埚D.陶瓷坩埚7、下列有关试剂的取用说法不正确的是()A.胶头滴管可用来取用少量液体试剂B.无毒的固体试剂可用手直接取用C.多取的钠可放回原试剂瓶中D.取用固体试剂时,可用药匙8、生活中处处有化学,下列说法中正确的是( )A.CO2和CH4都是能引起温室效应的气体B.治疗胃酸过多的药物主要成分为Al(OH)3或Na2CO3等C.明矾溶于水产生具有吸附性的胶体粒子,常用于饮用水的杀菌消毒D.鲜榨苹果汁中含Fe2+,加入维C,利用其氧化性,可防止苹果汁变黄9、下列有关化学用语表达正确的是A.35Cl−和37Cl−离子结构示意图均可以表示为:B.HClO的结构式:H−Cl−OC.HF的电子式:UD.质子数为92、中子数为146的U原子:1469210、下列各组物质能相互反应得到Al(OH)3的是()A.Al2O3跟H2O共热B.Al跟NaOH溶液共热C.Al(NO3)3跟过量的NaOH溶液D.AlCl3跟过量的NH3·H2O11、下列各组离子能够大量共存的是()A.加入Al粉后产生H2的溶液中:Na+、HCO3¯、SO42-、Cl¯B.滴加石蕊试剂变红的溶液中:Na+、Fe2+、NO3¯、Cl¯C.氢氧化铁胶体中:Na+、K+、S2-、Br-D.澄清透明的溶液中:Cu2+、H+、NH4+、SO42-12、在两个密闭容器中,分别充满等物质的量的甲、乙两种气体,它们的温度和摩尔质量均相同。
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含解析
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2025届化学高一上期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、某学习小组为了探究碳酸钠溶液与盐酸的反应,将等体积的a mol/LNa2CO3溶液和b mol/L盐酸相互滴加混合,收集的气体体积大小关系为: V1>V2>0。
下列有关说法正确的是A.V1是盐酸滴入到碳酸钠中产生的气体B.a=bC.2a>b>a D.2a=b2、下列有关化学基本概念的判断依据正确的是A.弱电解质:溶液的导电能力弱B.共价化合物:含有共价键C.离子化合物:含有离子键D.分子晶体:常温下不导电3、下列物质中①Al ②NaHCO3③Al2O3④Mg(OH)2⑤Al(OH)3中,既能与盐酸反应又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的化合物是()A.①②③⑤B.①④⑤C.②③⑤D.①③④4、当光束通过下列分散系时,能产生丁达尔效应的是()A.稀盐酸B.CuSO4溶液C.Fe(OH)3胶体D.NaCl 溶液5、用下列实验装置完成对应的实验,操作正确并能达到实验目的的是A.称量NaOH固体B.配制100ml 0.1mol·L-1盐酸C.用自来水制备少量蒸馏水D.分离酒精和水的混合物6、为确定下列置于空气中的物质是否变质,所选检验试剂(括号内物质)不能达到目的的是()A.NaOH溶液(Ca(OH)2溶液) B.次氯酸钠溶液(稀硫酸)C.过氧化钠(氯化钙溶液) D.氯水溶液(硝酸银溶液)7、下列有关钠及其化合物说法不正确的是A.实验室将Na保存在煤油中B.金属钠在空气中长期放置,最终生成物为Na2CO3C.将钠元素的单质或者化合物在火焰上灼烧,火焰为黄色D.可用澄清石灰水鉴别Na2CO3溶液和NaHCO3溶液8、下列离子方程式正确的是( )A.向硫酸铝溶液中加入过量氨水:Al3++ 3OH-= Al(OH)3↓B.向Ba(OH)2溶液中滴加NaHSO4溶液至混合溶液恰好为中性:Ba2++OH-+H++SO42-= BaSO4↓+H2O C.FeSO4溶液与稀硫酸、双氧水混合:2Fe2++ H2O2 + 2H+=2Fe3+ + 2H2OD.向NaHCO3溶液中加入足量Ba(OH)2的溶液:Ba2++2HCO3-+2OH-= 2H2O+BaCO3↓+ CO32-9、下列说法错误的是( )A.钠在空气燃烧时先熔化,再燃烧,最后所得的产物是Na2O2B.铝因在空气中形成了一薄层致密的氧化膜,保护内层金属,故铝不需特殊保护C.铁因在潮湿的空气中形成的氧化物薄膜疏松,不能保护内层金属D.SiO2是酸性氧化物,不与任何酸发生反应10、FeCl3、CuCl2的混合溶液中加入一定量的铁粉,充分反应后固体完全溶解,则下列判断正确的是()A.溶液中一定含Cu2+和Fe2+B.溶液中一定含Cu2+和Fe3+C.溶液中一定含Fe3+和Fe2+D.溶液中一定含Fe3+、Cu2+和Fe2+11、下列反应的离子方程式正确的是()A.FeCl3溶液腐蚀铜线路板:Fe3++Cu=Fe2++Cu2+B.氯气通入水中:Cl2+H2O=2H++ClO-+Cl-C.金属铝加入到NaOH溶液中:2Al+2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2-+3H2↑D.Na2O加入稀硫酸中:O2-+2H+=H2O12、同温同压下,相同质量的铝、铁分别与足量盐酸反应时,放出氢气的体积比是()A.1∶1 B.56∶27 C.9∶28 D.28∶913、下列叙述正确的是A.常温常压下,1.5 mol O2的体积约为33.6 LB.NaOH的摩尔质量是40 gC.100 mL水中溶解了5.85 g NaCl,则溶液中NaCl的物质的量浓度为1 mol·L-1D.同温同压下,相同体积的任何气体所含的分子数一定相同14、过滤后的食盐水仍含有可溶性的CaCl2、MgCl2、Na2SO4等杂质,通过如下几个实验步骤,可制得纯净的食盐水:①加入稍过量的BaCl2溶液;②加入稍过量的NaOH溶液;③加入稍过量的Na2CO3溶液;④滴入稀盐酸至无气泡产生;⑤过滤。
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2024届数学高一下期末学业水平测试试题含解析
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2024届数学高一下期末学业水平测试试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
用2B 铅笔将试卷类型(B )填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试题卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的1( ) A .cos160︒ B .cos160±︒ C .cos160±︒D .cos160-︒2.已知F 为抛物线C :y 2=4x 的焦点,过F 作两条互相垂直的直线l 1,l 2,直线l 1与C 交于A 、B 两点,直线l 2与C 交于D 、E 两点,则|AB |+|DE |的最小值为 A .16B .14C .12D .103.已知函数sin y x =和cos y x =在区间I 上都是减函数,那么区间I 可以是( ) A .0,2π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭B .,2ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭C .3ππ,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭D .3π,2π2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭4.角α的终边经过点221⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,那么tan α的值为( )A .12B .C .3-D .5.得到函数sin 23y x π⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭的图象,只需将sin 2y x =的图象( ) A .向左移动6π B .向右移动6π C .向左移动3π D .向右移动3π 6.一个三棱锥的三视图如图所示,则该棱锥的全面积为( )A .1232+B .1262+C .932+D .962+7.若2cos75a =,4cos15b =,a 与b 的夹角为30,则a b ⋅的值是( ) A .12B .32C .3D .238.执行如图所示的程序框图,若输入3k =,则输出S =( )A .13B .15C .40D .469.三角形的三条边长是连续的三个自然数,且最大角是最小角的2倍,则该三角形的最大边长为( ) A .4B .5C .6D .710.函数cos tan y x x =⋅(302x π≤<且2x π≠)的图像是下列图像中的( )A .B .C .D .二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分。
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2023-2024学年高二化学第一学期期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2023-2024学年高二化学第一学期期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2.答题时请按要求用笔。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5.保持卡面清洁,不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、立方烷的结构如图..,不考虑立体异构,其二氯代烃和三氯代烃的数目分别为A.2和3B.2和4C.3和3D.3和42、已知CuS、PbS、HgS 的溶度积分别为l.3xl0﹣36、9.0x10﹣29、6.4x10﹣23.下列推断不正确的是A.向含Pb2+、Cu2+、Hg2+的浓度均为0.010 mol•L﹣1的溶液中通人硫化氢气体,产生沉淀的顺序依次为PbS、CuS、HgSB.在硫化铅悬浊液中滴几滴硝酸铜溶液,会生成硫化铜C.在含Hg2+、Cu2+、Pb2+的溶液中滴加硫化钠溶液,当c(S2﹣)=0.001 mol•L﹣1时三种金属离子都完全沉淀D.硫化钠是处理废水中含上述金属离子的沉淀剂3、下列物质中不属于有机物的是A.CaC2B.C3H8C.C2H4O2D.C3H7Cl4、以乙醇为原料,用下述6种类型的反应:①氧化,②消去,③加成,④酯化,⑤水解,⑥加聚,来合成乙二酸乙二酯()的正确顺序是()A.①⑤②③④B.①②③④⑤C.②③⑤①⑥D.②③⑤①④5、有如图装置,下列有关该装置的叙述正确的是()A.锌极附近滴入酚酞,溶液呈红色。
B.铁极发生的电极反应为:2H2O+O2+4e=4OH-C.铁极发生了吸氧腐蚀D.溶液中的OH-离子向铁极移动6、下列过程中,由电能转化为化学能的是A.打手机B.光合作用 C.手机电池充电 D.点燃氢气7、下列有关实验的说法正确的是A.加热后溶液颜色由红色变为无色B.除去氯气中的氯化氢C.除去二氧化碳气体中的水蒸气D.实验室用该装置制取少量蒸馏水8、如图所示进行实验,下列分析错误的是A.实验②中白色沉淀变成黄色沉淀B.该实验可说明溶度积Ksp(AgCl)>Ksp(AgI)C.反应后c(Ag+):①<②D.实验②中发生反应:AgCl+I-=AgI+Cl-9、关于如图中四个图像的说法正确的是注:图中,E表示能量,p表示压强,t表示时间,V表示体积。
清华大学中学生标准学术能力(TDA)诊断性测试2024-2025学年高二上学期数学试卷和答案
标准学术能力诊断性测试2024年9月测试数学试卷(A 卷)本试卷共150分,考试时间90分钟.一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设,a b ∈R ,则“22log log a b >”是“1122b a ⎛⎫⎛⎫> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭”的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件2.集合(){}{}22ln 23,23,A x y x x B y y x x x A ==--==-+∈∣∣,则A B ⋂=R ð()A.(),1∞-- B.()(],13,6∞--⋃C.()3,∞+ D.()[),16,∞∞--⋃+3.已知复数z 满足5z z ⋅=,则24i z -+的最大值为()C. D.4.已知非零向量,a b 满足3a b = ,向量a 在向量b 方向上的投影向量是9b - ,则a 与b 夹角的余弦值为() A.33 B.13 C.33- D.13-5.设函数()f x 的定义域为R ,且()()()()42,2f x f x f x f x -++=+=-,当[]1,2x ∈时,()()()2,303f x ax x b f f =+++=-,则b a -=()A.9-B.6-C.6D.96.班级里有50名学生,在一次考试中统计出平均分为80分,方差为70,后来发现有3名同学的分数登错了,甲实际得60分却记成了75分,乙实际得80分却记成了90分,丙实际得90分却记成了65分,则关于更正后的平均分和方差分别是()A.82,73 B.80,73 C.82,67D.80,677.已知()sin 404cos50cos40cos θθ-=⋅⋅ ,且ππ,22θ⎛⎫∈- ⎪⎝⎭,则θ=()A.π3- B.π6- C.π6 D.π38.已知函数()2221x f x x =-++,则不等式()()2232f t f t +->的解集为()A.()(),13,∞∞--⋃+ B.()1,3- C.()(),31,∞∞--⋃+ D.()3,1-二、多项选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对得6分,部分选对但不全得3分,有错选的得0分.9.已知实数,,a b c 满足0a b c <<<,则下列结论正确的是()A.11a c b c>-- B.a a c b b c +<+C.b c a c a b --> D.2ac b bc ab+<+10.已知函数()sin3cos3f x a x x =-,且()3π4f x f ⎛⎫≤⎪⎝⎭对任意的x ∈R 恒成立,则下列结论正确的是()A.1a =±B.()f x 的图象关于点π,04⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭对称C.将()f x 的图象向左移π12个单位,得到的图象关于y 轴对称D.当π23π,1236x ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦时,满足()2f x ≤-成立的x 的取值范围是π7π,3636⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦11.在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,已知4,2AB BC ==,13,AA M N =、分别为1111B C A B 、的中点,则下列结论正确的是()A.异面直线BM 与AC 所成角的余弦值为7210B.点T 为长方形ABCD 内一点,满足1D T ∥平面BMN 时,1D T的最小值为5C.三棱锥1B B MN -的外接球的体积为14πD.过点,,D M N 的平面截长方体1111ABCD A B C D -所得的截面周长为+三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.若实数,x y 满足1232,34x y x y ≤+≤≤-+≤,则x y +的取值范围是__________.13.如图所示,在梯形ABCD 中,1,3AE AB AD =∥,3,BC BC AD CE =与BD 交于点O ,若AO x AD y AB =+ ,则x y -=__________.14.在四面体ABCD 中,3,,CD AD CD BC CD =⊥⊥,且AD 与BC 所成的角为30 .若四面体ABCD 的体积为2,则它的外接球表面积的最小值为__________.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(13分)已知复数12213i z =-+=--.(1)若12z z z =,求z ;(2)在复平面内,复数12,z z 对应的向量分别是,OA OB ,其中O 是原点,求AOB ∠的大小.16.(15分)在ABC 中,角,,A B C 的对边分别是,,a b c ,且cos cos 1a C b A c -+=.(1)求角A ;(2)已知b D =为BC 边上一点,且2,BD BAC ADC ∠∠==,求AD 的长.17.(15分)如图所示,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,底面ABCD 为平行四边形,PA ⊥平面ABCD ,点Q 为PA 的三等分点,满足13PQ PA =.(1)设平面QCD 与直线PB 相交于点S ,求证:QS ∥CD ;(2)若3,2,60,AB AD DAB PA ∠==== ,求直线CQ 与平面PAD 所成角的大小.18.(17分)甲、乙两位同学进行投篮训练,每个人投3次,甲同学投篮的命中率为p ,乙同学投篮的命中率为()q p q >,且在投篮中每人每次是否命中的结果互不影响.已知每次投篮甲、乙同时命中的概率为15,恰有一人命中的概率为815.(1)求,p q 的值;(2)求甲、乙两人投篮总共命中两次的概率.19.(17分)已知函数()233x x f x a --=⋅+是偶函数,()246h x x x =-+.(1)求函数()e 2x y h a =-的零点;(2)当[],x m n ∈时,函数(()h f x 与()f x 的值域相同,求n m -的最大值.标准学术能力诊断性测试2024年9月测试数学(A卷)参考答案一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.12345678A B C C D B A C二、多项选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,部分选对但不全的得3分,有错选的得0分.91011AD BC BD三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.21,55⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦13.11114.73π-四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(13分)解:(1)()() ()()12224i13i24i26i4i127i13i13i13i19i5 zzz-+---++-++ =====-+-+---5z∴==(2)依题意向量()()2,4,1,3OA OB=-=--于是有()()()214310OA OB⋅=-⨯-+⨯-=-OA OB====AOB∠为OA 与OB 的夹角,2cos2OA OBAOBOA OB∠⋅∴==-[]0,πAOB∠∈,3π4AOB∠∴=16.(15分)解:(1)由正弦定理可得:cos sin cos sin cos 1sin a C b A C B A c C--+==()cos 1sin sin cos sin A C A C B ∴+=-,由()sin sin B A C =+可得:()cos sin sin sin cos sin A C C A C A C ⋅+=-+,cos sin sin sin cos sin cos cos sin A C C A C A C A C ⋅+=--,cos sin sin cos sin A C C A C∴⋅+=-sin 0C ≠ 可得:cos 1cos A A +=-,1cos 2A ∴=-,()0,πA ∈ ,2π3A ∴=(2),BAC ADC BCA ACD ∠∠∠∠== ,BAC ∴ 与ADC 相似,满足:AC BC CD AC =,设CD x =,则有3x =解得:1,3x x ==-(舍去),即:1CD =2π3ADC BAC ∠∠== ,在ADC 中,由余弦定理可得:2222πcos 32AD CD AC AD CD+-=⋅⋅,即:211221AD AD +--=⨯⨯解得:1,2AD AD ==-(舍去),AD ∴的长为117.(15分)解:(1)证明:因为平面QCD 与直线PB 相交于点S ,所以平面QCD ⋂平面PAB QS=因为四边形ABCD 为平行四边形,AB ∴∥CD ,AB ⊄ 平面,QCD CD ⊂平面,QCD AB ∴∥平面QCDAB ⊂ 平面PAB ,平面QCD ⋂平面,PAB QS AB =∴∥QS ,AB ∥,CD QS ∴∥CD(2)过点C 作CH AD ⊥于点H ,PA ⊥ 平面,ABCD PA ⊂平面PAD ,所以平面PAD ⊥平面ABCD ,因为平面PAD ⋂平面ABCD AD =,且CH AD ⊥,CH ∴⊥平面PAD连接,QH CQH ∠∴是直线CQ 与平面PAD 所成的角因为点Q 为PA 的三等分点,232,223PA QA PA =∴==,在Rt DCH 中,333sin602CH =⋅= 在ACD 中,利用余弦定理可得:222223cos120,19223AC AC +-=∴=⨯⨯ ,在Rt QAC 中,222(22)1933QC QA AC =+=+=在Rt QCH 中,3312sin 233CH CQH CQ ∠===,可得π6CQH ∠=,即直线CQ 与平面PAD 所成的角等于π618.(17分)解:(1)设事件A :甲投篮命中,事件B :乙投篮命中,甲、乙投篮同时命中的事件为C ,则C AB =,恰有一人命中的事件为D ,则D AB AB =⋃,由于两人投篮互不影响,且在投篮中每人每次是否命中的结果互不影响,所以A 与B 相互独立,,AB AB 互斥,所以:()()()()P C P AB P A P B ==⋅()(()()(()()()P D P AB AB P AB P AB P A P B P A P B =⋃=+=⋅+⋅可得:()()1581115pq p q p q ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪-+-=⎪⎩解得:1335p q ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩或3315,,,1533p p q p q q ⎧=⎪⎪>∴==⎨⎪=⎪⎩(2)设i A :甲投篮命中了i 次;j B :乙投篮命中了j 次,,0,1,2,3i j =,()30285125P A ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭()2213223223365555555125P A ⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+⨯⨯+⨯= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()2223232323545555555125P A ⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+⨯⨯+⨯= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()3028327P B ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭()2211221221433333339P B ⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+⨯⨯+⨯= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()2222112112233333339P B ⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+⨯⨯+⨯= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭设E :甲、乙两人投篮总共命中两次,则021120E A B A B A B =++由于i A 与j B 相互独立,021120,,A B A B A B 互斥,()()()()()()()()021*********P E P A B A B A B P A P B P A P B P A P B ∴=++=⋅+⋅+⋅8236454830412591259125271125=⨯+⨯+⨯=19.(17分)解:(1)()233x x f x a --=⋅+ 是偶函数,则()()f x f x -=,即11333399x x x x a a --⋅+=⋅+,()113309x x a -⎛⎫∴--= ⎪⎝⎭,由x 的任意性得119a =,即9a =()246h x x x =-+ ,()()()()()22e 2e 4e 618e 4e 12e 6e 2x xx x x x x y h a ∴=-=-⋅+-=-⋅-=-+,令()()e 6e 20x x -+=,则e 6x =或e 2x =-(舍去),即ln6x =,()e 2x y h a ∴=-有一个零点,为ln6(2)设当[],x m n ∈时,函数()f x 的值域为[],s t ,则函数()()h f x 的值域也为[],s t ,由(1)知()2933332x x x x f x ---=⋅+=+≥=当且仅当33x x -=,即0x =时等号成立,令()p f x =,则2p ≥,()2246(2)2h x x x x =-+=-+ 在区间[)2,∞+上单调递增,所以当[],p s t ∈时,()2,s h p ≥的值域为()(),h s h t ⎡⎤⎣⎦,即()()h s s h t t ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩,则224646s s s t t t ⎧-+=⎨-+=⎩,即,s t 为方程246x x x -+=的两个根,解得23s t =⎧⎨=⎩,所以当[],x m n ∈时,()f x 的值域为[]2,3令()30x x λ=>,则()133,1x x y f x λλλ-==+=+>,3x λ= 在()0,∞+上单调递增,对勾函数1y λλ=+在()1,∞+上单调递增,由复合函数的单调性知,()f x 在()0,∞+上单调递增,()f x 是偶函数,()f x ∴在(),0∞-上单调递减令()3f x =,即333x x -+=,解得332x +=或332x =,即33log 2x +=或33log 2x -=,故n m -的最大值为3333535735log log log 222-+-=答案解析1.A【解析】由22log log a b >可得0a b >>,由1122b a⎛⎫⎛⎫> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭可得a b >,由a b >得不到0a b >>,故必要性不成立;由0a b >>可以得到a b >,故充分性成立,则“22log log a b >”是“1122b a ⎛⎫⎛⎫> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭”的充分不必要条件.2.B 【解析】集合(){}{}22ln 23230A x y x x x x x ==--=-->∣∣()(){}310{13},x x x x x x =-+>=<->∣∣或集合{}{}223,6B yy x x x A y y ==-+∈=>∣∣,{}()(]6,,13,6B y y A B ∞=≤∴⋂=--⋃R R ∣3.C【解析】复数z 满足5z z ⋅=,设22i,5z a b z z a b =+⋅=+=,()()2224i 24i (2)(4)z a b a b -+=-++=-++,则点()2,4-到圆225a b +=+=4.C【解析】设非零向量,a b 夹角为θ,向量a 在向量b 方向上的投影向量是39b - ,则cos ,39b a a b b θ⨯=-= ∣,解得3cos 3θ=-.5.D【解析】()()42f x f x -++= ,取()()1,312x f f =+=,()()()321211f f a b a b =-=-++=--,()()2f x f x +=- ,取()()0,2042x f f a b ===++,()()303,1423,2f f a b a b a +=---+++=-=- ,()()42f x f x -++= ,取2x =,则()21f =,则7b =,则729b a -=+=.6.B【解析】设更正前甲,乙,丙 的成绩依次为12350,,,,a a a a ,则12505080a a a +++=⨯ ,即507590655080a ++++=⨯ ,()222250(7580)(9080)(6580)807050a -+-+-++-=⨯ ,更正后平均分:()5016080908050x a =++++= ,()22222501(6080)(8080)(9080)807350s a ⎡⎤=-+-+-++-=⎣⎦ .7.A 【解析】()sin 40sin40cos cos40sin θθθ-=- 4cos50cos40cos 4sin40cos40cos θθ=⋅⋅=⋅⋅ 1cot40tan 4cos40θ⇒-=14cos40tan cot40θ-⇒=sin404sin40cos40cos40-=()sin 30102sin80cos40+-= 13cos102cos1022cos40+-=3313sin10cos10sin10cos102222cos40cos40--==()()sin 1060sin 50cos40cos40--===πππ,,223θθ⎛⎫∈-∴=- ⎪⎝⎭.8.C【解析】设()()21121x g x f x x =-=-++,()()2221112121x x x g x f x x x -⋅-=--=--+=--+++,()()2221102121x x x g x g x x x ⎛⎫⋅+-=-++--+= ⎪++⎝⎭,设()()1212121222,112121x x x x g x g x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫>-=-+--+ ⎪ ⎪++⎝⎭⎝⎭()()()()()122121121222222021212121x x x x x x x x x x -⎛⎫=-+-=-+> ⎪++++⎝⎭,故()g x 为奇函数,且单调递增,()()()()()()22223212310230f t f t f t f t g t g t +->⇒-+-->⇒+->,()()()()()222302332g t g t g t g t g t +->⇒>--=-,故232t t >-,解得()(),31,t ∞∞∈--⋃+.9.AD【解析】A.0a b c <<<,可得a c b c -<-,故11a c b c>--,A 正确;B.设不等式成立,则()()a a c b c b b c b b b c++<++,可得ab ac ab bc +<+,即ac bc <,由0a b c <<<可得ac bc >,故假设不成立,B 错误;C.不妨假设211313210,,1332b c a c a b c a b --+--+=-<=-<=-<====--,故,C b c a c a b --<错误;D.设不等式成立,()()22,,,0ac b bc ab ac bc ab b a b c a b b a b c +<+-<--<-<<< ,()()a b c a b b -<-成立,故2ac b bc ab +<+成立,D 正确.10.BC【解析】A.()()sin3cos33sin 0,cos πf x a x x x ϕϕϕϕ⎛⎫=-=+=-=≤ ⎪⎝⎭()3π4f x f ⎛⎫≤ ⎪⎝⎭对任意x ∈R 恒成立,()f x ∴在3π4x =处取得极值,即3ππ3π42k ϕ⨯+=+,解得7π3ππ,sin 0,π,,sin 4422k ϕϕϕϕϕϕ=-+=-≤∴=-=-=- ,可求得1a =-,A 错误;B.()()3ππ3,0,44f x x f f x ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-=∴ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭的图象关于点π,04⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭对称,B 正确;C.将()f x 的图象向左平移π12个单位,得到()π3ππ3331242g x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+⨯-=-=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,函数图象关于y 轴对称,C 正确;D.()3π2342f x x ⎛⎫=-≤- ⎪⎝⎭,即3π1sin 342x ⎛⎫-≤- ⎪⎝⎭,7π3π11π2π32π646k x k ∴+≤-≤+,解得23π231π2ππ363363k x k +≤≤+,由题意知π23π,1236x ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦,符合条件的k 的取值为1,0-,当1k =-时,π7π3636x -≤≤,均在定义域内,满足条件,当0k =时,23π31π3636x ≤≤,此时仅有23π36x =满足条件,所以满足()22f x ≤-成立的x 的取值范围为π7π23π,363636⎡⎤⎧⎫-⋃⎨⎬⎢⎣⎦⎩⎭,D 错误.11.BD【解析】A.MN ∥,AC BMN ∠∴为直线MN 与AC 所成角,在BMN 中,根据余弦定理可知222cos 2BM MN BN BMN BM MN∠+-=⋅,422BM MN BN ======,代入求得cos 10BMN A ∠=错误;B.取AD 的中点E ,取CD F ,取11A D 的中点S ,连接11,,,,EF D E D F AS SM ,SM ∥,AB AS ∥BM ,所以四边形ABMS 是平行四边形,AS ∥BM 且AS ∥11,D E D E ∴∥1BM D E ∴∥平面BMN ,同理可得1D F ∥平面BMN ,1DT ∥平面,BMN T ∈平面ABCD ,所以点T 的运动轨迹为线段EF ,在1ΔD EF 中,过点1D 作1D T EF ⊥,此时1D T 取得最小值,由题意可知,11D E D F EF ===,1111sin sin sin 105D EF BMN D T D E D EF ∠∠∠====,B 正确;C.取MN 的中点1O ,连接11B O ,则1111O N O M O B ==,过点1O 作1OO ∥1BB ,且111322OO BB ==,OM ∴为外接球的半径,在1Rt MB N 中,MN =,2R OM ∴==,34ππ,33V R C ∴==球错误;D.由平面11AA D D ∥平面11BB C C 得,过点,,D M N 的平面必与11,AA C C 有交点,设过点,,D M N 的平面与平面11AA D D 和平面11BB C C 分别交于,DO PM DO ∴∥,PM 同理可得DP ∥,ON 过点,,D M N 的平面截长方体1111ABCD A B C D -所得的截面图形为五边形DPMNO ,如图所示,以D 为坐标原点,以1,,DA DC DD 所在直线分别为,,x y z 轴建立空间直角坐标系,设,AO m CP n ==,则()()()()()0,0,0,2,0,,0,4,,1,4,3,2,2,3D O m P n M N ,()()()()0,2,3,1,0,3,2,0,,0,4,ON m PM n DO m DP n ∴=-=-== ,DP ∥,ON DO ∥PM ,()()2323m n n m ⎧=-⎪∴⎨=-⎪⎩,解得2m n ==,DO DP ∴==ON PM MN ====,所以五边形DPMNO 的周长为DO DP ON PM MN ++++==+,D 正确.12.21,55⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦【解析】令()()()()2323x y m x y n x y m n x m n y +=++-+=-++,2131m n m n -=⎧∴⎨+=⎩,解得()()2121,,235555m n x y x y x y ==-∴+=+--+,1232,34x y x y ≤+≤≤-+≤ ,则()()22441323,555555x y x y ≤+≤-≤--+≤-,24435555x y ∴-≤+≤-,即21,55x y ⎡⎤+∈-⎢⎣⎦.13.111【解析】建立如图所示的平面直角坐标系,设1AD =,则3BC =,()()()()220,0,3,0,,,1,,,33B C A m n D m n E m n ⎛⎫∴+ ⎪⎝⎭,所以直线BD 的方程为1n y x m =+,直线CE 的方程为()2329n y x m =--,联立两直线方程求得()()666655,,,,1,0,,11111111m n m n O AO AD AB m n +-⎛⎫⎛⎫∴=-==-- ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝⎭ ,6511,511m x my AO xAD y AB n ny -⎧=-⎪⎪=+∴⎨⎪-=-⎪⎩ ,解得651,,111111x y x y ==∴-=.14.73π-【解析】依题意,可将四面体ABCD 补形为如图所示的直三棱柱ADE FCB -,AD 与BC 所成的角为30 ,30BCF ∠∴= 或150,设,CB x CF y ==,外接球半径记为R ,外接球的球心如图点O ,11113sin 23324ABCD CBF V DC S xy BCF xy ∠⎛⎫∴=⋅⋅=⨯⨯== ⎪⎝⎭ ,解得8xy =,在2Rt OCO 中,2222222223922sin 4BF R OC OO CO BF BCF ∠⎛⎫⎛⎫==+=+=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,在BCF 中,由余弦定理可得2222cos BF BC CF BC CF BCF ∠=+-⋅⋅,要使外接球表面积最小,则R 要尽可能小,则BCF ∠应取30 ,(2222BF x y xy ∴=+≥-,当且仅当x y =时取等,(22min 99732444R BF xy ∴=+=+=-所以外接球表面积的最小值2min min 4π73πS R ==-.。
2024届北京市清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试1月测试英语试卷
2024届北京市清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试1月测试英语试卷一、阅读理解From hawk hikes to private sleepovers at the zoo, there is a great selection of animal-related experiences available to groups. Here are some top options to get closer to various wonderful wildlife.Chester ZooThe newest attractions here are the Madagascar Lemur Walkthrough experience, which gives visitors the opportunity to walk alongside ring-tailed and red-ruffed lemurs, and the interactive American Wetland Aviary, which is home to birds like scarlet ibises and flamingos. Group rates are available for parties of 15 or more and there are various catering options, including sit-down meals at the restaurant at the heart of the zoo.ZSL Whipsnade ZooUntil September 2022, it is offering groups of up to 60 the opportunity to experience a private Nature Night, on which they’ll get to explore the zoo privately after the public has left, take part in activities like quizzes, camp overnight, and get up early for a private tour along the green trail before it reopens to the public again.West Midland Safari ParkThe latest attraction at the park is the new African Walking Trail. Opened in May, the trail features three viewpoints that allow visitors to see the park’s African animals on foot. There’s also a four-mile drive-through safari area with red panda, penguin and lorikeet areas. Groups of ten plus, arriving in the same vehicle, can save more than 40%.Knowsley Safari ParkThe five-mile safari drive through the site takes you past free-roaming lions, rhinos and more than 100cheeky baboons. There’s a foot safari area, where the highlight is the Amur Tiger Trail with transparent walled viewing areas where you can get nose-to-nose with 450-pound tigers. Groups of 15 people and more, arriving in one vehicle, qualify for special ticket rates.1.Who is the passage intended for?A.Animal-loving students.B.Forest hiking fans.C.Group tour organizers.D.Wildlife preservationists.2.Visitors can experience private tours in ________.A.Chester ZooB.ZSL Whipsnade ZooC.West Midland Safari ParkD.Knowsley Safari Park3.From the passage, we know that ________.A.delicious meals are offered to tourists in the four parksB.private tours are available in the four parksC.all the parks can provide driving-through servicesD.visitors can have access to walking trails in the four parksScientists regularly make vital new discoveries, but few can claim to have invented an entirely new field of science. Chemist Carolyn Bertozzi is one of them. Her discovery of biorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学) in 2003 created a brand-new discipline of scientific investigation, which has enabled countless advances in medical science and led to a far greater understanding of biology at a molecular (分子的) level. On October 5, Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with two other professors. She is also the only woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in science this year, after an all-male line-up in 2021.Bertozzi was the middle daughter of an MIT physics professor and a secretary. Few predicted that Bertozzi would be the most famous person in the family. While her academic performance was not bad in high school, she was fond of playing soccer. She end ed up being admitted to Harvard University. Despite her talent in soccer, she found it too time-consuming and quit the sport to devote herself to academics.But before becoming a rock star scientist, Bertozzi almost became an actual rock star. When she started at Harvard, she was tempted to major in music. That idea was “unpopular” with her parents, and she was timid about defying them. Instead, she chose the premed (医学预科的) trackthat included classes in math and sciences, and declared herself a biology major at the end of her first year of college.Her interest in music did not completely fall by the wayside, however. Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals for a hair metal band. Bertozzi, however, did not play with the band for long. Once the band’s practices and performances conflicted with her labs and classes, there was only one outcome.Plus, she’d soon have organic chemistry to think about a course which is infamous for weeding out pre-meds. Without any clear career ambitions up to that point, Bertozzi had been thinking about possibly becoming a doctor when, in her sophomore year (大二学年), she suddenly fell so head over heels in love with her chemistry course that she couldn’t tear herself away from her textbooks long enough to go out on Saturday nights. A torture to many was pure pleasure for her. Bertozzi changed her major from biology to chemistry a year later.Bertozzi has sometimes joked about her having missed out on her chance to follow Morello to LosAngeles. “I didn’t get on that bus, and my playing is now limited to ‘The Wheel's on the Bus Go Round,’ I’m waiting for my sons to get old enough to appreciate 1980s heavy metal!”4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Bertozzi is one of those scientists who made significant new discoveries.B.Bertozzi was the only female to win a Nobel Prize in science in 2021.C.Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals throughout her college years.D.Bertozzi initially planned to become a doctor.5.The underlined word in Para. 3 means ________.A.tell B.disobey C.approach D.threaten6.The organic chemistry course Bertozzi took was known to be ________.A.easy and enjoyableB.difficult to pass for pre-med studentsC.popular among hair metal band playersD.a required course for all college students7.What kind of person do you think Carolyn Bertozzi is?A.Brave and sympathetic.B.Athletic and critical.C.Humble and passionate.D.Talented and creative.Willie Sutton, a once celebrated American criminal, was partly famous for saying he robbed banks because “that’s where the money is.” Actually, museums are where the money is. In a single gallery there can be paintings worth more, taken together, than a whole fleet of jets. And while banks can hide their money in basements, museums have to put their valuables in plain sight.Nothing could be worse than the thought of a painting as important as The Scream, Edvard Munch’s impressive image of a man screaming against the backdrop of a blood-red sky, disappearing into a criminal underworld that doesn’t care much about careful treatment of art works. Art theft is a vast problem around the world. As many as 10,000 precious items of all kinds disappear each year. And for smaller museums in particular, it may not be a problem they can afford to solve. The money for insurance on very famous pictures would be budget destroyers even for the largest museums.Although large museums have had their share of embarrassing robberies, the greatest problem is small institutions. Neither can afford heavy security. Large museums attach alarms to their most valuable paintings, but a modest alarm system can cost $500,000 or more. Some museums are looking into tracking equipment that would allow them to follow stolen items once they leave the museums. But conservators are concerned that if they have to insert something, it might damage the object. Meanwhile, smaller museums can barely afford enough guards, relying instead on elderly staff.Thieves sometimes try using artworks as money for other underworld deals. The planners of the 2006 robbery of Russborough House near Dublin, who stole 18 paintings, tried in vain to trade them for Irish Republican Army members held in British prison. Others demand a ransom (赎金) from the museum that owns the pictures. Once thieves in Frankfurt, Germany, made off with two major works by J.M.W. Turner from the Tate Gallery in London. The paintings, worth more than $80 million, were recovered in 2012 after the Tate paid more than $5 million to people having “information” about the paintings. Though ransom is illegal in Britain, money for looking into a case is not, provided that police agree the source of the information is unconnected to the crime. All the same, where information money end s and ransom begins is often a gray area.8.Why do smaller museums face a greater challenge in preventing art theft?A.They lack experienced staff.B.They cannot afford high-tech security systems.C.They do not have valuable artworks.D.They lack interest in art conservation.9.What is the concern of conservators regarding the use of tracking equipment to prevent art theft?A.It might damage the artwork.B.It is too expensive for smaller museums.C.It is difficult to insert into the paintings.D.It is ineffective for valuable paintings.10.From Paragraph 4, we can learn that ________.A.the thieves demanded a ransom from the Tate GalleryB.the Tate Gallery regained the lost paintings illegallyC.the money paid was considered an information fee, not a ransomD.the police requested the Tate Gallery to pay the money11.The purpose of this passage is ________.A.to remind criminals to protect and preserve the paintingB.to give suggestions on how to avoid the crimes of art theftC.to urge museums to set up more advanced security systemsD.to make people aware of art theft and the necessity of good security systemsWho cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has ledthose countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.12.What are the effects of people’ misjudgments on the influences of new technology?A.It stimulates innovation.B.It affects their personal opinions.C.It influences their use of resources.D.It leads to improved technology.13.Why is the “digital divide” a concern related to the fascination with the Internet in rich countries?A.It leads to competition between rich and poor countries.B.It results in a lack of access to technology in developing countries.C.It increases the cost of computer equipment in rich countries.D.It promotes global digital cooperation.14.From Paragraph 4, we know that ________.A.donating for technology is always the better optionB.the author does not provide opinions on this matterC.donating for technology and basic needs should be balancedD.donating for basic needs should be prioritized over technology15.What is the passage mainly about?A.Significance of information and communication technology.B.Serious consequences of over-emphasizing high technology.C.Technological trends guiding economic policy making.D.How to use donation money in the new age.There’s a Symphony Just Below the Surface — Can You Hear It?Imagine it’s your birthday, and your friends and family pool their money to get you the best gift you can imagine: tickets for fabulous seats to see your favorite musical act. But what if you got to the venue and something terrible had just happened to you? 16 . Even while facing the prospect of extreme difficulty in your life, you are so thrilled to see your favorite group that fora couple of hours, you can put all of that behind you.17 . That is the ability to suspend our fears and worries and focus on what we love. In the example of the concert, we know that when the music ends, we may go back to our concerns, but while it’s playing, there is nothing we can do about them, so we might as well just give in.Life always has its music, and we don’t need to be front-row center at a concert to hear it. Throughout our lives, no matter what else is going on, a melody is present. But we are often so focused on the present moment that we fail to hear the melody. 18 .We can become magnificent listeners to life, with enough practice. And let’s face it, this is something we were born to do, so the skill is there, waiting for us to employ it. We can tap into the music, and when we do find ourselves distracted from it, we can use consciousness to bring us right back. It is as simple as saying, “OK, I’m distracted again; I am going to start listening again.”19 .Life is always playing music, but we have to listen, and we listen by being present. We can do this. 20 . When we do this, we’ll discover that the symphony inside of us is magnificent.A.As humans, we have been given a wonderful giftB.These feelings may last several minutes or even last several hoursC.In a word, wisdom and patience are the things that listening to the music of life requires D.Soon, we will find that we have to redirect ourselves less and less, and we hear the music more and moreE.You’d broken your knees, say, or you learned of a failure of examF.The noise of our worry drowns out all the other things we might otherwise hear and enjoy G.We just need to realize and engage with the music of life that is always playing二、完形填空When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read a(an) 21 article in the newspaper, which said that people were 22 old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping(丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e waste contains harmful 23 that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had 24 this organization to help solve community problems two years before.But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e waste and their 25 on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste 26 and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to dispose of it.Alex and his friends went into 27 . They advertised in the local newspaper and 28 notices to students, asking residents to bring their 29 electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they 30 over 9,500 kilograms of e waste.The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to 31 electronic devices and it is seven times more 32 than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish(翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.For a 33 solution to e waste, the drop off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016,WIN helped 34 for an e waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e waste. The bill clearly 35 the dumping of e waste.Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.21.A.alarming B.terrifying C.embarrassing D.inspiring 22.A.carrying B.burying C.taking D.destroying 23.A.subjects B.restrictions C.bacterial D.chemicals 24.A.developed B.recognized C.formed D.restored 25.A.affects B.effects C.consequences D.attempts 26.A.properly B.instantly C.constantly D.gradually 27.A.enthusiasm B.action C.behavior D.energy 28.A.distributed B.contributed C.established D.conducted 29.A.unexpected B.unwanted C.useless D.meaningless 30.A.obtained B.collected C.ordered D.donated 31.A.break down B.take in C.expose to D.deal with 32.A.efficient B.economical C.effective D.beneficial 33.A.lasting B.physical C.original D.crucial 34.A.push B.delay C.accept D.pass 35.A.prevents B.permits C.predicts D.forbids三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020届高三5月测试理综试题 Word版含答案
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020年5月测试7.化学与生活生产密切相关,下列说法正确的是A.我国海洋开发走向深蓝,大型舰船的底部常镶嵌锌块做正极,防止船底腐蚀B.补铁酱油中含有三价铁,可补充人体缺乏的铁元素C.采用“燃煤固硫”、“煤的气化液化”、“静电除尘”、“汽车尾气催化净化”等方法,提高了空气质量,使我们的生活环境更美好D.“歼-20”飞机上使用的碳纤维被誉为“新材料之王”,是我国打破其他国家技术垄断,自主研发和生产的一种新型有机高分子材料8.下列说法正确的是A.14C与12C 60互为同位素B.14C60与12C60是具有相同质子数的不同核素C.CH3COOH与HCOOCH3互为同素异形体D.硝基苯与互为同分异构体9.用N A表示阿伏伽德罗常数的值,下列叙述不正确的是A.常温常压下,0.1mol的Na2O和Na2O2,混合物中阴离子总数为0.1N AB.常温下,46g的NO2和N2O4混合气体中含有的氮原子数为N AC.标准状况下,22.4L C3H6分子中含有N A个碳碳双键D.100mL0.1 mol·L−1CH3COONa溶液中阴离子总数大于0.01N A10.下列实验操作及现象和结论均正确的是11.向10mL 0.2mol·L−1的KIO3 溶液中逐渐加入NaHSO3 粉末,生成的I2的物质的量随所加NaHSO3的物质的量变化如右图所示,下列说法不正确的是A.A点对应的I 的物质的量为1.0×10−3molB.0a:ab=5:1C.当溶液中的n(I2)=5×10−4mol时,加入NaHSO3的物质的量可能为2.5×10−3mol或4.5×10−3mol D.由ab段反应可知,氧化性I2>HSO3−12.A、B、C、D为石墨电极,E、F分别为短周期相邻的两种活泼金属中的一种,且E能与NaOH 溶液反应。
按图接通线路,反应一段时间,当电路中通过1.0×10−3mol电子时,下列叙述正确的是A.U型管中的D端先变红,b烧杯中的溶液会变蓝B.a烧杯中最多有0.127gI2(KI足量)生成,甲池中的质量会减少0.04g(CuSO4溶液足量)C.A极产生气体的体积为5.6mL,甲池溶液的pH值为2D.E电极附近的溶液无明显现象产生13.常温下,将0.1mol·L−1的NaOH溶液逐渐加到5mL0.1mol·L−1的一元酸HA溶液中,测得混合溶液的BG(BG=-lg)与所加NaOH的体积的变化关系如图所示。
2025届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试语文高三第一学期期末学业水平测试试题含解析
2025届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试语文高三第一学期期末学业水平测试试题注意事项1.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置.3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符.4.作答选择题,必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案.作答非选择题,必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答,在其他位置作答一律无效.5.如需作图,须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚,线条、符号等须加黑、加粗.1.阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
维权孙春平吴老太到三亚有好几年了。
每年11月初南下,待来年春暖花开的时候再回东北去,被人称作候鸟一族。
吴老太患有肺气肿,以前每到冬天,就觉得气短,听人说海南冬天暖和,还没有雾霾,便坐火车跑来一试。
这一试就上瘾了,那口气一下就吸到了肺窝最深处,甜甜的、润润的,连吐出去都觉不舍。
当然,当候鸟也需有本钱。
要住房,还要坐飞机,是一笔不小的费用。
人家腰包厚实的,在海南买了房,飞到落脚处便有了巢,好比去年来过的老燕子。
可吴老太没这种方便,穷候鸟必须精打细算。
吴老太退休前在一个国营煤矿管矿灯管三十多年,后来据说是资源危困,退休金两千元不到。
老伴过世得早,活着时是矿工,矿难后只见了骨灰盒,还有一笔抚恤金。
那笔钱后来给儿子买了一室一厅的房子,不然,只怕儿子连媳妇都娶不上。
穷有穷的活法。
吴老太买不起房,那就租,租也不敢去正规小区,太贵。
她是去城中村。
当地村民等着拆迁,早把房子盖得密密匝匝。
但便宜啊,一月几百元钱就说下来了。
飞机票贵,咱坐火车,睡不起卧铺咱坐硬座行不?刚来三亚时,吴老太还曾去住宅小区翻过垃圾箱,她想把租房的钱翻出来。
但那活计只干了三天,房东不干了,说院子本来就小,不可再堆放纸壳易拉罐。
吴老太想想也是,歇了手。
数学-清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2024-2025学年高三上学期10月试卷和答案
标准学术能力诊断性测试2024年10月测试数学试卷本试卷共150分一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合1244x A x ⎧⎫=<<⎨⎬⎩⎭,{2,1,0,1,2}B =--,则A B = ()A.{1,0,1}-B.{2,1,0,1,2}-- C.{0,1}D.{1,1}-2.若1i 1z z +=-,则||z =()B.22C.1D.123.已知单位向量a 和b,若()2a a b ⊥+ ,则a b += ()A.2B.14.已知圆柱的底面半径和球的半径相等,圆柱的高与球的半径相等,则圆柱与球的表面积之比为()A.1:2B.1:1C.3:4D.2:35.已知1sin()3αβ+=,tan 2tan αβ=,则sin()αβ-=()A.13-B.19-C.13D.196.已知函数2,01()1(1),12x x f x f x x ⎧<≤⎪=⎨->⎪⎩,则函数2()()g x f x x =-的零点个数为()A.2B.0C.3D.无穷7.将sin y x =的图象变换为πsin 36y x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭的图象,下列变换正确的是()A.将图象上点的横坐标变为原来的13倍,再将图象向右平移π6个单位B.将图象上点的横坐标变为原来的3倍,再将图象向右平移π18个单位C.将图象向右平移π6个单位,再将图象上点的横坐标变为原来的13倍D.将图象向右平移π6个单位,再将图象上点的横坐标变为原来的3倍8.定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足:(1)(1)0f x f x -+---=,且(1)(1)0f x f x ++-=,当[1,1]x ∈-时,()2f x ax =-,则()f x 的最小值为()A.6- B.4- C.3- D.2-二、多项选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对得6分,部分选对但不全得3分,有错选的得0分.9.从{1,2,3}中随机取一个数记为a ,从{4,5,6}中随机取一个数记为b ,则下列说法正确的是()A.事件“a b +为偶数”的概率为49B.事件“ab 为偶数”的概率为79C.设X a b =+,则X 的数学期望为()6E X =D.设Y ab =,则在Y 的所有可能的取值中最有可能取到的值是1210.在直棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中,底面ABCD为正方形,1CD ==P 为线段1B C 上动点,E ,F 分别为11A D 和BC 的中点,则下列说法正确的是()A.若1103CP CB λλ⎛⎫=<< ⎪⎝⎭ ,则经过P ,E ,F 三点的直棱柱的截面为四边形B.直线1B C 与11A C所成角的余弦值为4C.三棱锥11P A DC -的体积为定值D.1A P BP +11.一条动直线1l 与圆221x y +=相切,并与圆2225x y +=相交于点A ,B ,点P 为定直线2:100l x y +-=上动点,则下列说法正确的是()A.存在直线1l ,使得以AB 为直径的圆与2l 相切B.22||||PA PB +的最小值为150-C.AP PB ⋅的最大值为27-+D.||||PA PB +的最小值为三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.若m-的展开式中存在2x 项,则由满足条件的所有正整数m 从小到大排列构成的数列{}n a 的通项公式为__________.13.设双曲线2222:1x y C a b -=(0a >,0b >)的右顶点为F ,且F 是抛物线2:4y x Γ=的焦点.过点F 的直线l 与抛物线Γ交于A ,B 两点,满足2AF FB =,若点A 也在双曲线C 上,则双曲线C 的离心率为__________.14.已知()|ln ln 2|1af x a x x=--+-,则()f x 的最小值为__________.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(13分)记ABC △的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别是a ,b ,c ,满足()2222321a b c++=.(1)若b c =,3cos 4A =,求ABC △的面积;(2)记BC 边的中点为D ,AD x =,若A 为钝角,求x 的取值范围.16.(15分)如图所示,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,2PA AC ==,1BC =,AB =.(1)若AD ⊥平面PAB ,证明://AD 平面PBC ;(2)若PA ⊥底面ABCD ,AD CD ⊥,二面角A CP D --的正弦值为3,求AD 的长.17.(15分)已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y C a b a b+=>>,C 的下顶点为B ,左、右焦点分别为1F 和2F ,离心率为12,过2F 的直线l 与椭圆C 相交于D ,E 两点.若直线l 垂直于1BF ,则BDE △的周长为8.(1)求粗圆C 的方程;(2)若直线l 与坐标轴不垂直,点E 关于x 轴的对称点为G ,试判断直线DG 是否过定点,并说明理由.18.(17分)已知函数()sin f x ax x =+,[0,π]x ∈.(1)若1a =-,证明:()0f x ≤;(2)若()0f x ≤,求a 的取值范围;(3)若0a ≠,记1()()ln(1)g x f x x a=-+,讨论函数()g x 的零点个数.19.(17分)乒乓球比赛有两种赛制,其中就有“5局3胜制”和“7局4胜制”,“5局3胜制”指5局中胜3局的一方取得胜利,“7局4胜制”指7局中胜4局的一方取得胜利.(1)甲、乙两人进行乒乓球比赛,若采用5局3胜制,比赛结束算一场比赛,甲获胜的概率为0.8;若采用7局4胜制,比赛结束算一场比赛,甲获胜的概率为0.9.已知甲、乙两人共进行了()*m m ∈N 场比赛,请根据小概率值0.010α=的2K独立性检验,来推断赛制是否对甲获胜的场数有影响.(2)若甲、乙两人采用5局3胜制比赛,设甲每局比赛的胜率均为p ,没有平局.记事件“甲只要取得3局比赛的胜利比赛结束且甲获胜”为A ,事件“两人赛满5局,甲至少取得3局比赛胜利且甲获胜”为B ,试证明:()()P A P B =.(3)甲、乙两人进行乒乓球比赛,每局比赛甲的胜率都是(0.5)p p >,没有平局.若采用“赛满21n -局,胜方至少取得n 局胜利”的赛制,甲获胜的概率记为()P n .若采用“赛满21n +局,胜方至少取得1n +局胜利”的赛制,甲获胜的概率记为(1)P n +,试比较()P n 与(1)P n +的大小.附:22()()()()()n ad bc K a b c d a c b d -=++++,其中n a b c d =+++.()20P K k ≥0.050.0250.0100k 3.8415.0246.635标准学术能力诊断性测试2024年10月测试数学 参考答案一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.二、多项选择题:本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,部分选对但不全的得3分,有错选的得0分.三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.=a n n 413 14.2四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 15.(13分)解:(1)由余弦定理知:+=+b c bc A 5214cos 22)(,又==b c A 4,cos 3,代入等式中可得:=+bc bc 10213,即得=bc 3,所以==b c ······································································· 4分所以∆ABC 的面积为=⨯=bc A 2248sin 13 ············································· 5分 (2)因为D 为线段BC 的中点,所以()1AD AB AC =+2,两边平方得:=++x b c bc A 42cos 1222)(,由余弦定理可得:=+−bc A b c a 2cos 222, 代入上式得:=+−x b c a 42212222)(, 再由++=a b c 2321222)(,可得=−a x 761222,+=+b c x 738222 ·················· 10分因为A 为钝角,所以>+a b c 222,可得−>+x x 776312822,解得<<x 0.所以,x的取值范围为⎩⎭⎪⎪⎨<<⎪⎧x x 100 ····················································· 13分 16.(15分)解:(1)因为⊥AD 平面PAB ,⊂AB 平面PAB ,所以⊥AD AB ,由===AC BC AB 2,1,=+AC AB BC 222,所以⊥BC AB , 所以在平面四边形ABCD 中,由⊥⊥AD AB BC AB ,,可得AD BC ,因为⊄AD 平面PBC ,⊂BC 平面PBC , 所以AD平面PBC ·················································································· 6分(2)【方法一】因为⊥PA 底面ABCD ,⊂CD 底面ABCD ,所以⊥PA CD ,因为AD CD PAAD A ⊥=,,所以⊥CD 平面PAD ,可得⊥CD PD ,即∠=︒PDC 90.以直线DA 为x 轴,直线DC 为y 轴,过点D 且垂直于平面ABCD 的直线为z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,如图所示: ························································ 8分 设==AD a DC b ,,则D A a C b P a 0,0,0,,0,0,0,,0,,0,2)()()()(,在坐标平面xDz 中,直线DP 的法向量就是平面PDC 的法向量,可得其中一个法向量为(2,0,n a =−1).设平面PAC 的一个法向量为(,,n x y z =2),则0n AP n CP ⋅=⋅=22, 而()(0,0,2,,,2AP CP a b ==−),可得=−=z ax by 0,0.令=x b ,则=y a ,得(,,0n b a =2) ··························································· 12分 所以cos ,n n <>=+⋅+−a a bb 4222212,依题可知,cos ,n n <>=3312,可得()()++=a b a b 43412222, 因为+==a b AC 4222,所以−=b b 83122,解得=b 22, 则=a 22,得=AD ············································································ 15分x【方法二】设点A 到平面PCD 的距离为d 1,点A 到直线PC 的距离为d 2,二面角−−A CP D 的平面角为θ,则由二面角的平面角定义知=θd d sin 21.由题意计算可得=d 2=3=d 1 由等体积公式可得⋅⋅=⋅⋅∆∆S PA S d ACD PCD 33111,即⋅=⋅AD CD PD CD 3,得=PD .因为=+=−PC PD CD CD AC AD ,222222, 所以=+−AD AD 83422,得=AD17.(15分) 解:(1)由离心率为21,==BF a OF c ,11,可得=BF OF 2111则∠=︒BFO 601,可得∆BF F 12若直线l 垂直BF 1,则直线l 垂直平分线段BF 1∆BDE 与∆F DE 1全等,那么∆F DE 1的周长为8.由椭圆定义可知:+=+=EF EF a DF DF 2,1212所以∆F DE 1的周长为a 4,可得=a 48,即=a 2所以=c 1,可得=b ,则椭圆C 的方程为+x y 4322(2)设l 的方程为=+x my 1,则−G x y ,22)(可得直线DG 的方程为−y 因为=+=x my x my 1,1122将它们代入直线方程中, 可得直线DG 的方程为:y 12可整理得:()−=+−−+m y y y y y x my y y y 212121212)()( (*) ···································· 10分联立方程⎪⎨⎪+=⎧x y 43122,得:++−=m y my 3469022)(,则+++=−=−m m y y y y m 3434,69221212, 可得=+y y m y y 321212,=+my y y y 231212)(, 将其代入(*)式中,可得直线DG 的方程为:()−=+−+m y y y y y x y y 4121212)()(()()+−=−−m y y x 3446122)(, 可见直线DG 过定点4,0)(,所以直线DG 过定点,定点坐标为4,0)( ······················································· 15分18.(17分)解:(1)若=−a 1,则=−+f x x x sin )(,得=−+≤'f x x 1cos 0)(,可知f x )(在π0,][单调递减,可得≤f x f 0)()(,而=f 00)(,所以≤f x 0)( ········································································ 3分 (2)依题意,必须π≤f 0)(,即π≤a 0,可得≤a 0,求导得=+'f x a x cos )(.若≤−a 1,则≤'f x 0)(,得f x )(在π0,][单调递减,则≤f x f 0)()(,而=f 00)(,则≤f x 0)(成立 ············································ 5分 若−<≤a 10,由于'f x )(在π0,][单调递减,而=+>'f a 010)(,π=−<'f a 10)(, 可知'f x )(在π0,][内有唯一零点,记为x 1,当≤<x x 01时,>'f x 0)(,可知f x )(在x 0,1)[单调递增,可得>=f x f 001)()(, 这与≤f x 0)(对任意∈πx 0,][恒成立矛盾,所以−<≤a 10不能成立,综上,实数a 的取值范围为−∞−,1]( ······························································ 8分 (3)有=+−+∈πag x x x x x sin ln 1,0,1][)()(, 观察知:=g 00)(,可见=x 0是g x )(的一个零点.下面我们考虑g x )(在π0,](内的零点情况 ······················································· 9分当∈πx 0,](时,若>a 0,则≥a x sin 01,可得+≥ax x x sin 1, 令=−+∈πF x x x x ln 1,0,]()()(,则+=>'x F x x10)(,得F x )(在π0,](单调递增,可得>=F x F 00)()(,即>+x x ln 1)(, 那么+>+ax x x sin ln 11)(,即>g x 0)(,故当>a 0时,函数g x )(在π0,](内无零点 ··················································· 12分若<a 0,则+=+−'a x g x x 11cos 11)(, ①当⎝⎦⎥ ∈π⎛⎤πx 2,时,<x cos 0,则>a x cos 01,而+−>x 1101,可得>'g x 0)(;②当⎝⎦⎥ ∈⎛⎤πx 20,时,()+=−+>''x ag x x 1sin 0112)(,可得'g x )(在⎝⎦⎥ ⎛⎤π20,单调递增, 因为⎝⎭π+ ⎪=<=−>''⎛⎫πa g g 2200,1012)(, 所以'g x )(在⎝⎦⎥ ⎛⎤π20,内有唯一零点,记为x 2,当<<x x 02时,<'g x 0)(;当<≤πx x 22时,>'g x 0)(,综合①②,g x )(在x 0,2)(单调递减,在πx ,2](单调递增.因为=g 00)(,所以<g x 02)(,又由>+x x ln 1)(可得π=π−π+>g ln 10)()(, 所以g x )(在π0,](内恰有1个零点.综上所述,当>a 0时,g x )(有1个零点;当<a 0时,g x )(有2个零点 ·········· 17分19.(17分)解:(1)据题中条件,列出赛制和甲获胜情况列联表如下:由计算公式得:⨯⨯⨯==−m m m mK mm m m1.70.351220.080.182222)(, 若≥m516.6352,即≥m 169.1925,故若≥m 170时,根据小概率值=α0.010的K 2独立 性检验,推断赛制对甲获胜的场数有影响,此推断犯错误的概率小于0.010.若<m 170,根据小概率值=α0.010的K 2独立性检验,没有证据认为赛制对甲获胜的场数有影响,此时赛制对甲获胜的场数没有影响 ·················································· 4分(2)依题意=+⋅−+⋅−P A p p C p p p C p p 1134322222)()()(=+−+−+=−+p p p p p p p p p 31612615103332543)()(,又有=−+−+−P B C p p C p p C p p 1115553344552)()()()(=−+−+p p p p p 101513452)()(=−++−+p p p p p p 10201055543455=−+p p p 61510543所以=P A P B )()( ·········································································· 7分 (3)考虑赛满+n 21局的情况,以赛完−n 21局为第一阶段,第二阶段为最后2局.设“赛满+n 21局甲获胜”为事件C ,结合第一阶段的结果,要使事件C 发生,有两种情况:第一阶段甲获胜,记为A 1;第一阶段乙获胜,且甲恰好胜了−n 1局,记为A 2, 则=+C AC A C 12,得:=+P C P AC P A C 12)()()(.若第一阶段甲获胜,即赛满−n 21局甲至少胜n 局,有两类情况:甲至少胜+n 1局和甲恰好胜n 局.第一类情况,无论第二阶段的2局结果如何,最终甲获胜;第二类情况,有可能甲不能获胜,这种情况是第二阶段的2局比赛甲均失败,其概率值为:−−−−C p p p n n nn 112112)()(,所以=−−−−−P AC P n C p p p n n nn 1112112)()()()(.若第一阶段乙获胜,且甲恰好胜了−n 1局,那么要使甲最终获胜,第二阶段的2局比赛甲必须全部取胜,可得:==−−−−P A C P A P C A C pp p n n n n122221112)()()()(,所以+==−−−+−−−−−−P n P C P n C p p p C pp p n n n nn n n n1111212111212)()()()()()( ······················································ 14分可得+−=−−−−−−−−−P n P n C pp p C p p p n n n n n nnn 1111212111212)()()()()(=−−−−−++C pp C p p n n n n n n nn 11212111)()(=−−−−C p p p p n n n n1121)()()(⎝⎭ ⎪=−−⎛⎫−C p p p n n n n 221121)(因为>p 21,所以⎝⎭ ⎪−−>⎛⎫−C p p p n n nn 2210121)(,可得+>P n P n 1)()(,综上:+>P n P n 1)()( ·································································· 17分。
2024届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试物理高二第一学期期中学业水平测试模拟试题含解析
2024届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试物理高二第一学期期中学业水平测试模拟试题注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、关于磁场和磁感线的描述,正确的说法有()A.磁极之间的相互作用是通过磁场发生的,磁场和电场一样,都不是一种物质B.磁感线可以形象地表现磁场的强弱与方向C.磁感线总是从磁铁的北极出发,到南极终止D.磁感线就是细铁屑在磁铁周围排列出的曲线,没有细铁屑的地方就没有磁感线2、如图一根不可伸长的绝缘细线一端固定于O点,另一端系一带电小球,置于水平向右的匀强电场中,现把细线水平拉直,小球从A点静止释放,经最低点B后,小球摆到C点时速度为0,则A.小球在B点时的速度最大B.从A到C的过程中小球的电势能一直增大C.小球从A到C的过程中,机械能先减少后增大D.小球在B点时的绳子拉力最大3、两个小灯泡,分别标有“1 A 4 W”和“2 A 1 W”的字样,则它们均正常发光时的电阻阻值之比为( )A.2∶1 B.16∶1 C.4∶1 D.1∶164、某物体做直线运动的v-t图像如图所示,下列说法正确的是A.0 ~ 2s内物体做匀速直线运动B.0 ~ 2s内物体做匀减速直线运动C.0 ~ 2s内物体的位移为2mD.0 ~ 2s内物体的位移为零5、一个带电小球,用细线悬挂在水平方向的匀强电场中,当小球静止后把细线烧断,则小球将(假定电场足够大)()A.做自由落体运动B.做曲线运动C.做变加速直线运动D.做匀加速直线运动6、关于物理学家和他们的贡献,下列说法中正确的是()A.法拉第发现了电磁感应现象,并制作了世界上第一台发电机B.奥斯特发现了电流的磁效应,并提出了分子电流假说C.牛顿发现万有引力定律,并通过实验测出了引力常量D.库仑提出了库仑定律,并最早用实验测得元电荷e的数值二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
2024届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试物理高二第一学期期中教学质量检测模拟试题含解析
2024届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试物理高二第一学期期中教学质量检测模拟试题考生请注意:1.答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内,不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后,需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内,第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、在光滑的水平桌面上,质量为m的物块A以速度v向右运动,与静止在桌面上的质量为3m的物块B发生正碰,以向右为正方向,碰撞后,物块A的速度不可能为( )A.0 B.-15v C.25v D.110v2、如图所示,AB、CD为两平行金属板,A、B两板间电势差为U.C、D始终和电源相接(图中并未画出),且板间的场强为E.一质量为m、电荷量为q的带电粒子(重力不计)由静止开始,经AB加速进入CD之间并发生偏转,最后打在荧光屏上,CD极板长均为x,与荧光屏距离为L,则:A.该粒子带负电B.该粒子在电场中的偏移量为C.该粒子打在屏上O点下方和O相距的位置D.该粒子打在屏上的动能为qU3、把竖直向下的90N的力分解为两个分力,一个分力在水平方向上等于120N,则另一个分力的大小为( )A.30N B.90N C.120N D.150N4、一段粗细均匀的柱形电阻丝,电阻为2Ω,当把它均匀拉长,使其横截面的直径变为原来的12,则此电阻丝的阻值为A.4ΩB.8ΩC.16ΩD.32Ω5、某静电场方向平行于x轴,其电势φ随x的变化规律如图所示.设x轴正方向为电场强度E的正方向,下图分别表示x轴上各点的电场强度E随x的变化图象,其中可能正确的是A.B.C.D.6、物理学引入“质点”、“点电荷”等概念,从科学研究方法上来说是属于A.控制变量的方法B.实验观察的方法C.建立理想化的物理模型的方法D.等效替代的方法二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
北京市清华大学2024年高三英语11月中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题含解析
A.Swim in a pool.B.Have a spa.
C.Explore medieval towns.D.Walk through olive groves.
2.Which destination is your best choice if you intend to travel to Europe after October?
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了秋天的四个欧洲之旅。
【1题详解】
细微环节理解题。依据The unknown Cilento部分“leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval (中世纪的) hilltop towns.”可知,把现代化抛在脑后,去内陆的中世纪山顶城镇冒险。由此可知,在unknown Cilento可以探究中世纪的城镇。故选C。
Carpathian clambers
Poland and Slovakia are separated by the Carpathian Mountains and their large forest-filled valleys.Starting and ending in Krakow, this trip covers both countries.Some days include the option of climbing to snowy peaks or taking easier, lower-altitude options, and you’ll likely meet the Gorals — a culturally-distinct group known as “highlanders”.Most memorable activity will be walking along the300m-high Dunajec River to spa town Szczawnica.Seven nights £630, including transport, luggage transfers and walking st departure October 24.
2023-2024学年清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试化学高一上期末监测试题含解析
2023-2024学年清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试化学高一上期末监测试题 注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、如图为刻蚀在玻璃上的精美的花纹图案,则该刻蚀过程中发生的主要化学反应为( )A . 3222CaCO 2HCl CaCl H O CO +++↑B . 322NaHCO HClNaCl H O CO +++↑ C . 42Si 4HF SiF 2H +↑+↑ D . 242SiO 4HF SiF 2H O +↑+2、将一定量的钠和铝的混合粉末投入水中,粉末完全溶解后,得到30mLOH -浓度为1 mol∙L −1的溶液。
然后再向其中加入1 mol∙L −1的盐酸,到沉淀量最大时消耗盐酸80mL ,则混合粉末中钠的物质的量是( )A .0.08molB .0.05molC .0.03molD .0.04mol3、将12.4克氧化钠溶于87.6克水中,所得溶液溶质的质量分数是( )A .8.0%B .12.4%C .16%D .32%4、 “3G”手机出现后,以光导纤维为基础的高速信息通道尤显重要。
下列物质中用于制造光导纤维的材料是 A .铜合金 B .陶瓷 C .聚乙烯 D .二氧化硅5、各物质中含有的少量杂质以及除去这些杂质对应的方法如表所示。
序号物质 杂质 除杂方法 ①KNO 3 溶液 KOH 加入适量 FeCl 3 溶液,并过滤 ② FeSO 4 溶液 CuSO 4加入过量铁粉,并过滤③ H 2 CO 2通过盛有NaOH 溶液的洗气瓶,再通过盛有浓硫酸的洗气瓶④ NaNO 3 CaCO 3 溶解、过滤、蒸发、冷却、结晶 其中正确的一组是A.①②③④B.③④C.②③④D.①②③6、下列各组物质中分子数相同的是()A.2 L CO和2 L CO2B.9 g H2O和标准状况下11.2 L CO2C.标准状况下1 mol O2和22.4 L H2O D.0.2 mol NH3和4.48 L HCl气体7、实验室配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液,一定要用到的一组仪器是()A.托盘天平、药匙、烧杯、容量瓶B.量筒(或滴定管、移液管)、容量瓶C.容量瓶、烧杯、玻璃棒、胶头滴管D.容量瓶、烧杯、玻璃棒、分液漏斗8、下列萃取分液操作(用CCl4作萃取剂,从碘水中萃取碘)中错误的是()A.饱和碘水和CCl4加入分液漏斗中后,塞上上口部的塞子,用一手压住分液漏斗上口部,一手握住活塞部分,把分液漏斗倒转过来振荡B.静置,待分液漏斗中液体分层后,先使分液漏斗内外空气相通(准备放出液体)C.打开分液漏斗的活塞,使全部下层液体沿承接液体的烧杯内壁慢慢流出D.最后继续打开活塞,另用容器承接并保存上层液体9、碘在地壳中主要以NaIO3形式存在,在海水中主要以I-形式存在。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
最新整理中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试(清华大学)语文试题
注意事项:
1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答
案标号涂黑。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域。
写在试
题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、现代文阅读(36分)
(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)
阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
如何最大限度的在社会上实现善?这是先秦诸贤集中思考的一个问题。
道家
认为,要实现善,就要“出世”,不要整天想着怎么去辅佐帝王,帮助并教化别人。
理由很简单,“圣人不死,大盗不止”(庄子《胠箧篇》)。
庄子有这样的想法,
最起码有两个原因:一是圣人致力于在社会上推行善事,但这所谓的善事难免会
在落实到个体身上的时候变成恶事,那么,圣人就会变成为大盗了;二是当社会
上开始强行推广圣人之善时,那么,无行善能力和意愿的人就会抵制,他们中难
免有一些人会落草为寇,成为大盗,走上反抗之路。
因此,道家认为,实现善的
最好方式,就像老子提出的“小国寡民”那样,“邻国相望,鸡犬之声相闻,民
至老死不相往来”。
在墨家那里,个体的联合和团结非常重要。
要联合,就要向外推善。
推善的
前提是“非攻”。
要“非攻”,就需要让人们相信,“兼相爱”,“交相利”。
“爱人
者,人必从而爱之。
利人者,人必从而利之”(《墨子·兼爱中》)。
对墨家来说,“爱人”“利人”是获得爱和获得利的前提。
所以,在他们眼中,向外推善是利人利己的大好事。
只要把善向外推的越远,他人就获爱和获利越多,自己也会随之获爱和获利越多。
然而,要想把善推到至远,对恶的防范与打击也要能至远。
在个体能力有限的情况下,成立一个相对严密的组织是必须的。
儒家像墨家一样,也主张向外推善。
不过推善的方式却有所不同。
儒家向外推善是从血亲开始的。
要推善,就要“亲亲”,“尊尊”。
从自己身边一层一层地往外推。
当每个人都努力地往外推善时,那社会上就会出现一个个重叠起来的善圈。
儒家的这种推善方式,在农耕文明时期,效果是非常明显的。
农耕时期的人大多依附于土地,流动性并不高。
从身边的人爱起,即尊重了个体的能力,也顺应了农耕文明的现实。
这种从身边人爱起的推善方式,即使在现代社会,面对不断流动的陌生人,也是有很高的参考价值的。
因为,只有从爱家人,爱同事开始,才能爱陌生人。
清末,在“三千年未有之大变局”的情况下,如何正确地对待技艺与善之间的关系,就变成了儒家士大夫们首先要面对的一个问题。
魏源提出的“师夷长技以制夷”,说白了就是,儒家所营构的善的社会,已经没有办法得到保障了,只有学习陌生人的技术,用这些技术来制止陌生人所带来的恶。
之后,张之洞等人所提出的“中体西用”,也是这个意思。
其实,不论是道家、墨家、儒家,还是“中体西用”说,都无法真正解决止恶和扬善的问题。
具体原因,就是没有认真地区分国家之善和个人之善。
就国家而言,保障社会中每一个小家庭的生存权与发展权,是最基本的善。
就个人而言,能遵守相关的职业道德,是最基本的善;能发挥自己的主动性,在工作中实现自己的价值,就是最高的善。
当然,不能让国家的善或不善成为个人善或不善的理
由,也不能让个人的善或不善成为国家善或不善的理由。
换言之,就是让国家与个人在向外推善的时候,把互相妨害的可能性降到最低。
(摘编自韩王韦《论“善”》)
1.下列关于原文内容的理解和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)
A.庄子认为圣人推行的善在个体身上可能会转化为恶,圣人就可能成为大盗。
B.墨家认为要实现善,就要实现个体的联合与团结,并成立相对严密的组织。
C.儒家主张实现善的方式是以亲为圆心,层层外推,形成一个重叠的善圈。
D.魏源所说的“师夷长技以制夷”就是主张用陌生人的技术来改造儒家的善。
2.下列对原文论证的相关分析,不正确的一项是(3分)
A.作者引用《墨子·兼爱中》的个别句子,是为了证明墨家向外推善的方式。
B.作者运用了对比论证的手法,以突出道家和墨家在实现善的方式上的差异。
C.作者先阐述儒家再论及清末洋务派,是考虑到了时间和逻辑两方面的原因。
D.作者先论述了各家的理论主张,进而在分析的基础上提出自己的核心观点。
3.根据原文内容,下列说法不正确的一项是(3分)
A.墨家和儒家在推行善的方式上有共通之处,这恰恰是其与道家观点的差别。