英文标点符号的使用(1)

英文标点符号的使用(1)

句点（Full Stop / Period，“.”）问号（Question Mark，“？”）感叹号（Exclamation Mark，“!”）逗点（Comma，“,”）冒号（Colon，“:”）分号（Semicolon，“;”）连字符（Hyphen，“-”）连接号（En Dash，“–”）破折号（Em Dash，“—”）括号（Parentheses，小括号“( )”；中括号“[]”；大括号“{}”）引号（Quotation Marks，双引号“"”；单引号“‘”）缩写及所有格符号（Apostrophe，“‘”）一、.句点1.句点用于当一句话完全结束时。 2.句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写，如Mrs., Dr., P.S. 等。但要注意的是当缩写的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如 IBM, DNA 等。二、？问号问号要用在一个直接的问句，而不是间接的。如 How will you solve the problem？是正确的用法，但用在 I wonder how you will solve the problem？就不对了，应该使用句点而不是问号。另外，在客气的用语中，也是用句点而不是问号.如 Will you please give me a call tomorrow. 三、! 感叹号感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中，在商业写作中要注意感叹号的应用，因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。四、；分号1.与中文一样，分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。在某些情况下，使用分号比使用句点更显出子句之间的紧密联系，另外分号也经常与连接副词 thus, however, therefore一起使用(放在这些词语之前)。如 I

realize I need exercise; however, I’ll lie down first to think about it. 2.在句子中如果已经使用过逗点，为了避免歧义的产生，就用分号来分隔相似的内容。如the employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee. 需要注意的是：一个完整的句子以大写字母开始，以句点结束。写英文时用逗点代替句点、分号、冒号或破折号叫“逗号错”，这正是中国学生所要避免的。请比较下列例句：误：It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.（注意：上面句子中划横线的部分是两个不同的主语，而且逗点前后的句子是完整的-----单独拿出来都能代表一个完整的意思。因此，用逗号违反了英文规定，即一个句子只能有一套主干。）正：It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields.They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard.It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.误：The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.正：The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea. 五、：冒号1.冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释，如 This is her plan: go shopping.2.冒号用于名单之前，特别是一个竖排的名单。We transferred three employees to new branches:? Tony Wang to New York City? Mike Jackson to Tokyo? Mark Foster to Paris当名单横排的时候，冒号要用在一个完整的句子之后，如 We need seven people: three students, three engineers, and a professor. 3.冒号用于一个正式的引用之前。如 The professor said: “It was horrible.” 4.冒号也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓后面，如 Dear Mr. Lee:(美国英语中，信件或演说词的称呼语之后用冒号，

而在英国英语中多用逗号。) 5.冒号用于数字时间的表示，如16:45 或 4:45 p.m. 6.冒号用于主标题和副标题之间，如 Web Directory: World and Non-U.S. Economic Data 六、，逗点1.逗点用于分隔一系列的简单内容，如 I

will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen. 2.逗点用于修饰名词的多个形容词之间，如 a small, fancy bike 3.逗点用于连接两个较长的独立子句，而且每个句子的主语不同，如 The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired. 4.逗点用于关联的子句之间，如Since he’s your younger brother, please take care of him. 5.逗点用于一个较长的修饰短语之后，如 In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze. 6.逗点用于直接引用的句子之前，如Mary said, “Let’s go fishing.”（注意：这里说的和上面提及的冒号在直接引语中的使用不一样。如果是引用比较正式的发言讲话就要用冒号，一般情况下就用逗点。）如果句中含有间接引用就不需要逗点，如 Mary said we should go fishing.在反问句之前要使用逗点，如 :He worked very hard, didn’t he？以上是比较常用的标点,下面列出一些次常用的标点:七、连字号Hyphen( -)1.连字号主要用于某些前缀(如: self-,ex-和all-) 后和构成复合词。如:ex-husband(前夫),brand-new（全新的）,poorly-dressed（衣着破烂的）I have forty-thousand or fifty-thousand dollars.I want to obtain the whole-year or half-year lease of the apartment.当两个或两个以上复合词并用, 而各复合词连字号后的部分相同时, 各复合词的相同部分只出现一次,应改为the whole-or half-year lease. 2.用于区分同一词源 3. 当某复合词中出现重复的字母或过多的元音, 使阅读困难时, 可用连字号把前缀和词根分开。non-nuclear, re-use, semi-independent 4. 构成某些复合数字（在英文写作中，100以下的数字应该用英文单词写出来，不可用阿拉伯数

字代替）twenty-one during the years 1949-1999有时, 用作名词的分数可

以不用连字号, 但所有用作形容词的分词均须加连字号。如: one fourth [ 也可one-fourth ] of those surveyed 5.用于一个词的一部分要移行, 一般按

音节间断开单词加连字号（例如：ha-ppy,不可断为hap-py……）,或根据发音,不要把单个字母留在行尾或行首。注意一页中最后一个单词不能使用连字号将其置于两页。八、圆括弧Parenthesis( ( ) )1．标出表顺序的数字和字母(如: (1) 、(2) 等)2．用来表示其中插入的或附加的解释成分。这个插入成分可以是单词、词组或句子．但要注意,括号会削弱强调作用,因此,如果要强调插入的句子成份,则要用破折号。They might take a walk together(remember feet) and see the neighborhood with fresh , new eyes. 九、引号Quotation Marks(“”‘’)引号分单引号(single quotation marks) 和双引号(double quotation marks) 。单引号只用在一个直接引语中所含有的另一个直接引语上。1．表示直接引语。当直接引语超过四行或多于40 个字词时,

一般不用引号而改用黑体字以便与文章的其它部分界线清晰“Well, ”the foreigner said to him ,“ you look like an engineer. ”句号和逗号必须置于引号(双引号和单引号) 之内。He told the gunman ,“I refuse to do that ”；his knees , however , were shaking even as he said those words.She called this schedule of activities her “load ”：work , study , exercise , recreation , and sleep.冒号与分号必置于引号外。

The teacher asked , “Could you understand me”？Did the teacher