外国文学作品选课后题一
美国文学选读课后题答案
美国文学选读课后题答案1.Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why?-------from F.Scoot.Fitzgerald The Great GatsbyGatsby pursuit ―a universe of ineffable gorgeous‖ in his young age. In fact, Gatsby from West Egg insists his Platonic fantasy. He fell in love with the blonde and his ineffable gorgeous ideal is combined with Daisy’s breathing and desire. Daisy becomes the image of ideal in his mind; though she marries Tom and may does not love him, though he can realize her soul full of money and desire, he cannot change his mind which back his love and be together as before. Maybe that is the shining and great part of his soul. Maybe that is the American dream which can show to us. But through the novel, we can have the clear idea that Daisy’s desire was not hi s dream, it is not Daisy’s fault but his dream has giant vitality and energy. His dream is far behind Daisy and everything exists. He does his best to build the perfect world and aim in his mind. So his spirit which pursuits on ideal and dedication is also far behind secular frolicking in the bed. For realizing his dream, he donated himself to mud of money in New York; he showed no interests in wealth itself and the life of debauchery. Just like the lotus lives in the pound around with mud but not be polluted. His soul no doubt is suffering in the social life but without any complain.3.What do “petals” and “bough” stands for?-----from Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro.First of all, this poem stands the points of economy by Imagism. Every word in this poem has its own unique meaning. For example, the color of black in this poem may represent thetrain’s color, the railway’s color, the pillar’s color or the dim light of the metro station. Ezra Pound was very sensitive to the color and usually used the ir different meanings in his poetry. He used the skill of painting in his process of creating the poem. In this poem, every word is used as the pigment. Petals stand for the mean ing of color from their unique image. The word ―wet‖ brings the feeling of fre sh and bright to the people. And the word ―apparition‖ gives the dim color of pale and weak to the ―faces‖ and ―petals‖. And the author put the petals and faces together let the faces have the feeling of tender and red. Several pretty faces appear in the metro station from the dimly lit, and they become the shining petals in the black bough which was wet by the rain. This transformation is based on our vision, but it also shows that the same point between the quiet nature scenery and the noisy industrial environment. Ezra Pound wants tell us that we can find the beauty everywhere in our daily life. And it also shows the metaphor of Imagism.1.Do you think Gatsby deserves to be cal led “the great”? Why?（1）I think it is too complicated to simply say Gatsby des erves to be ―great‖ or not.For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate. He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back: he did shady business to earn money and social position; he threw luxurious parties just to draw Daisy’s attention; he could take the blame for a death that he did not cause.（2）In this respect, he is much ―greater‖ than his contemporarie s. For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore. Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams areunwort hy of him. He wasn’t sober enough to be great.2.Does “the green light” Gatsby believed in exist in reality? Why or why not ?（1）I think ―the green light‖ does not exist in reality. Because the green light which situated at the end of Daisy’s East Eg g dock and barely visible from West Egg lawn represents Gatsby’s un attainable dream. Although the color itself can be seen as hope and bright future, Gatsby’s quest for Daisy back is doomed to be impossible. Daisy lived in ―a material world without being r eal, where poor ghosts, breathing dream like air‖.（2）After five years when Gatsby met Daisy again, the miracle Daisy had lost her original glory. Therefore, there is no delaying that Gatsby’s dream would not come true. In the novel, the green light not only represents that innocent Gatsby looked forward to the future, but also means his longing for the history –his happy past with Daisy. The distinction between ideal and reality was huge. As if American dream between golden past and golden future always suffered from the realistic betrayal and crush.3.Wha t does Gatsby’s Schedule reveal about him and how does it relate to the American Dream?（1）The schedule is a reflection of Gatsby’s determination and ambition. It reveals that he is hard on himself in pursuit of his goal—to be an upper-class man.（2）On one hand, we can know that he is persistent in pursuing his American Dream-- to attain wealth and happiness through his struggle. On the other hand, he is too idealistic and naive.（3）He tries his best to make money and learns everything required to be an upper-class man so that he can get access to his beloved girl.Money is important，but there are other barriers difficult to penetrate. The girl he lovesis as vulgar and superficial as others in her circle, she is unable to meets Gatsby’s romantic fantasy. So his dream is dest ined to shatter, which indicates the disillusion of American Dream. 4.Whe n you read the line “He (the man with owl-eyed glasses) took off his glasses and wiped them again, outside and in ,” what images does it create in your mind, given the novel’s numero us references to the strikingly strange scene of the spectacled eyes?（1）From this line , superficially, owl-eyes is a person with thick and blurry glasses who can not see clearly all the things in the world. However, we know he is actually an owl-wise observer and sees more clearly than anyone else in the novel. Owl-Eyes, except Nick, is the only friend to appear at the rain-soaked burial of Gatsby, when others are unwilling to come. He feels sympathy for Gatsby’s tragedy.（2）After reading this line, I cannot help thinking of the Dr.Eckleburg billboard with its huge yellow sp ectacles in this novel. In many rainy days, Dr. Eckleburg’s eyes are also dimmed and seem blind. But in fact this is a pair of "all-seeing" eyes. The Owl-Eyed Man is similar to Dr. Eckleburg, sadly looking at the people’s life and idealism of this time. Both of them symbolize an uninvolved spectator god. They watch all the activities of the humans. Owl-eyes is the avatar of the sightless Dr. Eckleburg.1. How do you interpret the irony of the title after reading the story?（1）The title ―A Clean Well-Lighted Place‖ refers to the café in the text. The café was very clean and well- lighted. From the literary meaning, we may feel this place was very warm and comfortable, was a place where people need warmth wanted to go.So the old man, who was rich but deaf and lonely came hereto find warmth and avoided nada. It was the only place he could go and could find some comfort.（2）However, the younger waiter was very selfish. As his wife was waiting him on the bed, he wanted to go home early. Therefore, he refused to offer the old man another cup of wine by the excuse that the business was finished. In fact, there was still an hour from closing time. The younger thought an hour was more important to him than to the old man. The old man needed to leave the only place where he could get far away from nada/ nothing. This café should be warm but the younger waiter forced the lonely and deaf to leave without any sympathy. This is the irony of the title.2. Do you think youth and confidence can help one withstand the metaphorical dark？Why or why not?（1）I don’t think so.In our opinion, the metaphorical dark means nada，nothing in one’s inner heart. In the article, the younger waiter had both youth and confidence; however, he never made full use of them. As we can see, he didn’t understand the old man’s suicide and excessive drinking, and failed to see his tomorrow through the old man’s present situation.（2）What’s more, he had no idea that youth is not permanent, which cannot guarantee love and wo rk. From above, there is no denying that he didn’t realize his nada. Therefore, his youth and confidence never contributed to withstanding his metaphorical dark.（3）I think that, nowadays, youth and confidence do can help to withstand the metaphorical dark, for one can bravely face the reality and overcome the nada with youth and confidence. But they only serve as two main factors. In fact, we need some other factors such as courage, dignity and so on if we want to withstand the metaphorical dark successfully.3.The older waiter said to the younger waiter:“We are of twodifferent kinds.” In what way do you think they are different?（1）I think they are different from each other in the following four aspects：In the beginning, they are in different ages.The older waiter was in his middle age; while the other was much younger.（2）Then, they have different attitudes towards the old man. From the article, we know the older waiter had suffered a lot. He had maintained a clean and well-lighted place in his heart, and he could understand the old man and show sympathy to him. However, the young man was very selfish. He wanted to go home early so that he finished the business one hour earlier and forced the old man to leave. He showed hatred rather than sympathy to the old man.（3）Next, they have different attitudes towards life. The older waiter had a deep sense of life. He was brave and wanted to fight again nada. Besides, he cared about others. The younger one was totally different; he has a shadow understanding of life. He satisfied with his present love and work, he only care about himself and was reluctant to take others into consideration. He even never thought of his future.（4）Finally, they have different attitudes towards nada. The older waiter had realized that it is impossible to avoid nada in one’s whole life. The only thing he can do is to keep a kind of clearness in his own mind. So he was willing to work late for the lonely old man and was pleased to help those who are suffering nada. But out of youth and confidence, he failed to overcome nada. On the contrary, the younger waiter had the two most importantfactors for withstanding nada; however, he didn’t realize the nada in his heart at all. Then his youth and confidence became useless.1. What are the qualities that Granny possesses which helpher live successfully?（1）Granny Weatherall is hard-working and able. She cooks food, keeps a good house for her family. She stays up throughout the night to look after sick horses, sick children or sick black servants.（2）She has endurance and is tough. She is able to face downfalls and frustrations in life. She gets over the jilting by George, herhusband-to-be and later the death of her husband, John. She single-handedly brings up her children, works on the land and keeps a good farm.（3）She is rather proud and will not admit that she is old and weak. She rebukes Cornelia and Dr.Harry for taking care of her. She even gets over the idea of dying when she was 60 years old.2. Does Granny have any weaknesses? If so, what are they?Yes. Her weakness is that she refuses to face the fact that she is badly hurt when George jilts her by not appearing at the wedding. She represses her anger and tries hard to believe she has had a successful life. However, the anger is hidden deep at heart all her life and explodes as she is dying. In a way, she does not have a happy life.3. What intelligent advice and wisdom does Granny give her family?She gives advice to Lydia about how to bring up children, to Jimmy about how to do business, even how to move the furniture to Cornelia.4. Try to reorder the events told in the story as they would have happened in real lif e or as they flashed through Granny’s mind.(1)Sixty years ago, when Ellen Weatherall was young, she was to marry George. But he did not appear at the wedding.(2)She is later married to John, another young man.(3)She then has severalchildren with John—George, Jim, Cornelia, Lydia, and Hapsy.(4)John dies and she has to bring up the children and take care of the house and the land totally on her own.(5)At 60, she pays a farewell visit to each of her children because she thinks she is going to die soon.(6)Now she is 80 and is dying when the story opens.。
0238外国文学作品选读答案版
0238外国文学作品选读答案版第一篇：0238外国文学作品选读答案版《外国文学作品选读》作业本课程作业由两部分组成。
第一部分为“客观题部分”，由15个选择题组成，每题1分，共15分。
第二部分为“主观题部分”，由简答题和论述题组成，共15分。
作业总分30分，将作为平时成绩记入课程总成绩。
客观题部分：一、单项选择题（每题1分，共15题）《伊利亚特》集中描写了特洛伊战争第几年的事情？（D）A 第一年 B第三年 C第九年 D 第十年 2 莎士比亚的喜剧作品不包括（C）A《威尼斯商人》 B《仲夏夜之梦》 C《李尔王》 D《第十二夜》3 下列作品不属于德国作家歌德的是（D）A《铁手骑士葛兹.冯.伯利欣根》B《少年维特之烦恼》C《威廉.麦斯特的学习时代》 D《威廉.退尔》 4 华兹华斯属于（B）诗人。
A古典主义B浪漫主义C现实主义D现代主义《叶普盖尼·奥涅金》中的奥涅金是俄国文学史上第一个（A）形象。
A多余人 B小人物C新人 D贵族 6 《红与黑》的副标题是（B）A1830年纪事 B1831年纪事 C1835年纪事 D1848年纪事 7 在《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》中，对理查兹的描述不正确的是（D）A 帮助异乡人保管那袋金币B隐瞒了自己也曾交给柏杰士牧师一封同另外18个“首要居民”一样的“领款单”的事实C收下那笔“奖给唯一诚实的人”的巨额奖金D他的诚实不受诱惑侵害，拒绝了那笔“奖给唯一诚实的人”的巨额奖金 8 在《德伯家的苔丝》中，苔丝没有经历过的事情是（D）A 被亚雷奸污 B与克莱相爱 C刺死亚雷 D与亚雷结婚 9．劳伦斯的成名作是下列的哪一部：（B）A.《恋爱中的妇女》B.《查特莱夫人的情人》C.《儿子与情人》D.《虹》10 关于《荒原》的叙述，不正确的一项是：（B）A.长诗《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》是《荒原》的前身B.《尤利西斯》的出现激发了艾略特创作《荒原》的雄心C.庞德对《荒原》初稿进行了大刀阔斧的修改D.《荒原》是艾略特的代表作，也是现代主义文学中最杰出的诗篇之一有一位诗人认为诗的目的是“把善同美区别开来，发掘恶中之美”。
《外国文学作品选读》第二次在线作业及答案
《外国文学作品选读》第二次在线作业及答案第1题《道连·葛雷的画像》是英国作家王尔德唯一的一部小说，在这部小说中作者表达了什么美学观点您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：王尔德是唯美主义的代表，主张艺术无关乎道德，艺术不仅仅是记录生活。
作品有形式上的创新，也有唯美主义理想的矛盾。
第2题贝贝尔是高尔基哪部作品中的主人公您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：高尔基的现实主义戏剧描写了大量底层民众的日常生活和悲惨命运，具有社会批判传统。
第3题劳伦斯在小说《虹》中采用了一个象征意象“彩虹”，取自《圣经》，指的是您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：《虹》除了批判了工业文明之外，还探讨了两性关系，通过厄秀拉的新生，象征新的理想的两性关系即将产生。
第4题“一个人并不是生来就要被打败的，人尽可以被毁灭，但却不能被打败。
”这句名言出自海明威的哪部小说您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：海明威在小说中描写了“硬汉”形象，这些形象的共同特点是“我可以被打倒，但不可以被打败。
”第5题被誉为表现主义的奠基作的是卡夫卡的哪部作品您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：卡夫卡是表现主义的代表，他的作品通过小人物的表现了现代社会里人的生存处境和命运，以及他们孤独无痛苦绝望的精神状态。
第6题1936年，美国戏剧家奥尼尔凭借哪部作品获得诺贝尔文学奖您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：奥尼尔的悲剧三部曲描写了孟南家族两代人的爱恨情仇，是一部现代心理剧，深受弗洛伊德心理学影响，刻画了戏剧中的人格分裂与矛盾的人物形象。
第7题“他人就是地狱”这一主题是存在主义作家萨特哪部作品中表现的您的答案：A题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5批注：萨特是存在主义的代表，他的戏剧形象地诠释了存在主义关于个人与他人关系的命题，三个灵魂在地狱里勾心斗角、相互倾轧的紧张关系正是现代社会人们关系的写照。
《外国文学作品选》试题及答案
《外国文学作品选》试题及答案卷面总分：100分答题时间：80分钟试卷题量：34题一、单选题（共30题，共60分）题目1：在《伊利亚特》中代表着氏族英雄最高理想的人物是()。
A.阿基琉斯B.赫克托耳C.帕里斯D.阿伽门农正确答案：B题目2：在《永生的阿弗洛狄忒》中提到的司劝导的女神是()。
A.缪斯B.蓓脱C.雅典娜D.赫拉正确答案：B在古希腊三大悲剧家中，被称为“舞台上的哲学家”的是()。
A.欧里庇得斯B.索福克勒斯C.埃斯库罗斯D.阿里斯托芬正确答案：A题目4：在《神曲》中贝亚特丽采带领但丁游历了()。
A.地狱B.炼狱C.天堂D.人间正确答案：C题目5：在十日谈的第四天故事一中，唐克烈派人杀害了()。
A.贝尔纳博B.绮思梦达D.加布亚正确答案：C题目6：《巨人传》的“作者前言”表现了拉伯雷的创作主张，他的美学宣言代表了()。
A.市民阶层B.贵族阶层C.僧侣阶层D.农民阶层正确答案：A题目7：在《哈姆雷特》中，误杀波洛涅斯的人是()。
A.雷欧提斯B.哈姆雷特C.克劳迪斯D.罗森格兰兹正确答案：B题目8：在《悭吝人》中，承担克雷央特与马里亚娜婚事费用的人是（）。
A.昂赛末B.阿巴公C.瓦赖尔D.雅克大师傅正确答案：A题目9：在《浮士德》中，浮士德晚年双目失明，他在海边听到的铁锨声是（）。
A.百姓在开掘矿山B.人民在围海造田C.小鬼在挖掘坟墓D.靡菲斯托在挖壕沟正确答案：C题目10：在《致杜鹃》中，紧接着欢畅的新客呵! 我己经听到你叫了，听了真快乐的下句是()。
A.至今，我仍然觉得你不是鸟，而是无形的精灵B.杜鹃呵! 该把你叫做飞鸟，或只是飘忽的音波C.与童年听到的一模一样那时，你们的啼鸣使我向林莽，树梢，天上，千百遍张望不停D.这歌声却仿佛向我讲述如梦年华的故事正确答案：B题目11：在《罪与罚》中，陪同拉斯柯尔尼科夫前往西伯利亚服苦役的人是()。
A.卢仁B.杜尼娅C.马尔美拉陀夫D.索尼雅正确答案：B题目12：在《克洛徳·格》中，克洛德杀死典狱长后准备自杀，他用来自杀的工具是()。
初一语文国外文学作品试题答案及解析
初一语文国外文学作品试题答案及解析1.名著阅读（4分）“有个寡妇养着一只母鸡，母鸡每天下一个蛋。
她以为多给鸡喂些大麦，鸡就会每天下两个蛋。
于是，她就每天这样喂，结果母鸡长得越来越肥，每天连一个蛋也不下了。
”以上文字出自（国名）著名的寓言集《》。
这则寓言告诉们一个道理：。
【答案】古希腊（1分）《伊索寓言》 (1分)人不能太贪婪，否则，会连已经拥有的利益也会失去。
(2分)【解析】文学及名著一般考查经典篇目的出处及重要作家的资料和作品有关内容。
解答这类题目关键以课本的注释为主，注意平时的积累。
这里学生应识记《伊索寓言》相关内容。
【考点】识记文学常识。
2.名著检测：（5分）【1】《童年》的作者是______。
这是作者的以自身经历为原型创作的_____体三部曲之一。
【答案】高尔基、自传体【2】《童年》的主人公名叫______。
在污浊环境下，他的身边也有一些好人，多次舍身用自己的胳膊挡住外祖父薯条子的，对主人公心灵产生极大影响的房客是。
【答案】阿廖沙、小茨冈、好事情3.《鲁滨逊漂流记》是一部成功的_________小说，小说主人公鲁滨逊也因此成为欧洲文学史上的一个著名的文学形象。
小说中的描写_______________________________是全书的精华。
这本书的作者就是_______________________。
在鲁滨逊的性格中，哪一点最让你喜欢或敬佩？答：_______________________________________________________________________。
【答案】现实主义鲁滨逊在荒岛上的经历丹尼尔•笛福敢于冒险，或勇于追求自由自在、无拘无束的生活；或顽强、坚毅。
【解析】本题考查名著《鲁滨逊漂流记》阅读，考察了作者、主人公及其性格方面的知识。
对于名著阅读只要认真读，识记作者，理解故事情节，回答问题就不难了。
【考点】默写常见的名句名篇。
4.名著阅读：（4分）(1) “当那个可怜的蝗虫移动到螳螂刚好可以碰到它的地方时，螳螂就毫不客气，一点儿也不留情地立刻动用它的武器，用它那有力的‘掌’重重地击打那个可怜虫，再用那两条锯子用力地把它压紧。
19世纪西方文学作品赏析 (课后题)
●19世纪现实主义文学的思想特征1.把文学作为分析与研究社会的手段，为人们提供了特定时代丰富多彩的社会历史画面，具有很高的认识价值。
2.以人道主义为创作的思想基础，深刻地揭露批判现实的罪恶，同情下层人民的苦难，提倡社会改良3.普遍关心社会文明发展进程中人的生存处境问题，表现出作家们对人的命运与前途的深切关怀。
●19世纪现实主义文学的艺术特征1.强调客观、真实地反映生活。
2.塑造典型环境中的典型性格。
3.具有内倾性和外倾性两种倾向。
4.以叙事文学为主，小说创作特别是长篇小说走向了成熟与繁荣。
《唐璜》拜伦●说明“拜伦式英雄”及其在作品中的表现。
拜伦在诗歌中塑造了“拜伦式英雄”的形象，其主人公多是高傲倔强，忧郁孤独、神秘痛苦，与社会格格不入而又进行彻底反抗的叛逆英雄性格，有拜伦个性气质的深刻烙印。
1.《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》中孤独、忧郁、叛逆的哈罗尔德形象，是“拜伦式英雄”的雏形。
2.“东方叙事诗”里有进一步的发展，多是异教徒、海盗、叛逆者等社会边缘人物，他们往往在各种极端的事件中采取行动，与命运或恶势力抗衡。
他们有激昂的热情，坚定的意志力，无限的精力，英勇无畏。
虽然行动最后遭到失败，然而他们都能骄傲地忍受可怕的命运，毫不妥协。
主人公身边总有一位美丽女子，向他献上火热爱情，且忠贞不渝。
3.剧诗《曼弗雷德》等作品中“拜伦式英雄”发展到顶峰，曼弗雷德是一个超人的形象。
●《唐璜》的想内容1.讽刺“各国社会的可笑方面”2.充满对正义事物的爱，对失去自由的人的同情和对被压迫者的战斗号召。
3.对生与死等诸多问题的哲理性思考。
●《唐璜》的术成就1.辛辣的讽刺。
2.传奇性。
（离奇的故事，如人吃人的悲剧，土耳其宫闱内的风波得等。
3.抒情性。
4.插话。
5．和风格的无穷变换，以悲壮、诙谐、揶揄、热情等各异的风格杂糅并置。
6．是明白而晓畅的，以口语体取得最高成就。
(八行诗体)。
●分析作品中唐璜这一人物形象及其作用。
19世纪西方文学作品赏析 (课后题)
●19世纪现实主义文学的思想特征1.把文学作为分析与研究社会的手段，为人们提供了特定时代丰富多彩的社会历史画面，具有很高的认识价值。
2.以人道主义为创作的思想基础，深刻地揭露批判现实的罪恶，同情下层人民的苦难，提倡社会改良3.普遍关心社会文明发展进程中人的生存处境问题，表现出作家们对人的命运与前途的深切关怀。
●19世纪现实主义文学的艺术特征1.强调客观、真实地反映生活。
2.塑造典型环境中的典型性格。
3.具有内倾性和外倾性两种倾向。
4.以叙事文学为主，小说创作特别是长篇小说走向了成熟与繁荣。
《唐璜》拜伦●说明“拜伦式英雄”及其在作品中的表现。
拜伦在诗歌中塑造了“拜伦式英雄”的形象，其主人公多是高傲倔强，忧郁孤独、神秘痛苦，与社会格格不入而又进行彻底反抗的叛逆英雄性格，有拜伦个性气质的深刻烙印。
1.《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》中孤独、忧郁、叛逆的哈罗尔德形象，是“拜伦式英雄”的雏形。
2.“东方叙事诗”里有进一步的发展，多是异教徒、海盗、叛逆者等社会边缘人物，他们往往在各种极端的事件中采取行动，与命运或恶势力抗衡。
他们有激昂的热情，坚定的意志力，无限的精力，英勇无畏。
虽然行动最后遭到失败，然而他们都能骄傲地忍受可怕的命运，毫不妥协。
主人公身边总有一位美丽女子，向他献上火热爱情，且忠贞不渝。
3.剧诗《曼弗雷德》等作品中“拜伦式英雄”发展到顶峰，曼弗雷德是一个超人的形象。
●《唐璜》的想内容1.讽刺“各国社会的可笑方面”2.充满对正义事物的爱，对失去自由的人的同情和对被压迫者的战斗号召。
3.对生与死等诸多问题的哲理性思考。
●《唐璜》的术成就1.辛辣的讽刺。
2.传奇性。
（离奇的故事，如人吃人的悲剧，土耳其宫闱内的风波得等。
3.抒情性。
4.插话。
5．和风格的无穷变换，以悲壮、诙谐、揶揄、热情等各异的风格杂糅并置。
6．是明白而晓畅的，以口语体取得最高成就。
(八行诗体)。
●分析作品中唐璜这一人物形象及其作用。
外国文学作品选读复习题及答案
《外国文学作品选读》2011年4月考试考前练习题一、单项选择题1.《在路上》里最为典型的人物是（）。
A.萨尔•帕拉迪斯B.狄安•莫里亚特C.卡罗•马克斯D.威廉•巴斯勒2.下列作品不属于德国作家歌德的是（）。
A.《铁手骑士葛兹•冯•伯利欣根》B.《少年维特之烦恼》C.《威廉•麦斯特的学习时代》D.《威廉•退尔》3.下面哪部小说开章的第一句话是:“幸福的家庭都是相似的，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸”?（）A.《复活》B.《战争与和平》C.《安娜卡列尼娜》D.《罪与罚》4.下面对肖伯纳的描述不正确的一项是（）。
A.马克思的政治经济学理论帮助他看清了很多资本主义社会的弊端B.改良主义的思想渗透了他的作品C.他总共写了六十多个剧本，但从未获得过诺贝尔文学奖D.《易卜生主义的精华》是他戏剧理论的宣言书5.《伪君子》中的主人公达尔杜弗在（）出场。
A.第一幕第一场B.第二幕第一场C.第三幕第一场D.第三幕第二场6.关于《荒原》的叙述，不正确的一项是（）。
A.长诗《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》是《荒原》的前身B.《尤利西斯》的出现激发了艾略特创作《荒原》的雄心C.庞德对《荒原》初稿进行了大刀阔斧的修改D.《荒原》是艾略特的代表作，也是现代主义文学中最杰出的诗篇之一7.卡夫卡的长篇小说不包括（）。
A.《审判》8.《美国》C.《乡村婚事》D.《判决》8.《在底层》中的对鲁卡的评价，不正确的一项是（）。
A.鲁卡不是真正的美与善的使者B.鲁卡是一个幼稚的人本主义者C•鲁卡是反动势力的帮凶，是作者着力批判的人物D.鲁卡对现实有着清醒的认识，并且目光敏锐9.华兹华斯的作品中以水仙为主要抒情对象的诗是（）。
A.《写于早春的诗句》B.《致杜鹃》C.《我孤独地漫游像一朵云》D.《丁登寺》10.凯鲁亚克的小说作品不包括（）。
A.《杜鲁阿兹的虚荣》B.《在路上》C.《赤裸的午餐》D.《达摩流浪汉》11.被恩格斯称为“中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”的作家是（）。
英美文学选读答案
莎士比亚，简奥斯丁，伍尔夫第一课Question 1♦Heroic Couplet（英雄双韵体）♦It refers to lines of iambic pentameter which rhyme in pairs: aa, bb, cc, and so on.♦The adjective “heroic” was applied in the later seventeenth century because of the frequent use of such couplets in heroic poems and dramas♦This verse form was introduced into English poetry by Geoffrey Chaucer.♦From the age of John Dryden through that of Samuel Johnson, the heroic couplet was the predominant English measure for all the poetic kinds; some poets, including Alexander Pope, used it almost to the exclusion of other metersQuestion 2♦The Knight has the qualities that knights are expected to have, namely, courage, honor, courtesy, loyalty, devotion to the weak and helpless, to the service of women.♦He has taken part in many famous battles and won one victory after another.♦He sits at table in the chair of honor above all nations.♦He fights for his faith.♦Although he is so distinguished and wise, he looks like a maid, modest, meek, not gaily dressed, never saying a vulgar word.Question 3♦Chaucer uses the rhyming couplet, which he introduced from France, in writing his major poems. He is the first great writer to use the dialect of London in writing.♦Chaucer is credited by some scholars as being被一些学者认为是the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language英语方言作为文学语言在艺术上的合法性, rather than French or Latin♦Chaucer‟s language is close to modern English. Modern English is descended from Chaucer‟s English.Chaucer raised the language to a higher literary level by writing it with polish and ease.♦Chaucer‟s language is vivid and exact. His poetry is full of vigor and swiftness. His style is flexible. His prose is easy and informal. He uses mild satire when he deals with people‟s foibles and weaknesses第二课bacon♦ 1 According to Bacon, the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.♦That is to say, right decisions and judgments over important matters require comprehensive knowledge which is acquired by studies.♦Without a wide range of knowledge, a person cannot digest information, analyze information and take timely measures accordingly.♦2Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for abilities. But the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.♦Studies perfect nature, and is perfected by experience♦There is no stond or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies.Studies can train (shape) a person‟s character and make up a person‟s deficiencies. Every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.3This essay analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.4The essay is peculiar for its clearness, brevity, and force of expression. The sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and of balanced structures.Conciseness of expression and simplicity of diction are two chief distinguishing features of the prose style of Bacon who was among the earliest of English essayists.MiltonQuestion 1♦To lose the battle does not lose all. They still have the unconquerable will, eagerness for revenge, immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield.♦With all this, they can overcome all other thingsQuestion 2♦He is defeated in the battle against God, but he does not lose heart.♦He will not bow down to God.♦Instead, he is advising the serpent and followers to rise up again and fight another battle.Question 3♦To bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee and deify his power. To give in to God, to fall down on one‟s knees to beg for mercy submissively, worship God‟s power, become scared for God‟s authority and power, lose confidence.Question 4♦real hero, dare to revolt against the despot, persevering but not discouraged after the failure (Republicans including Milton)ShakespearQuestion 1♦In this soliloquy he compares death to sleep. If the many kinds of sufferings that naturally come to a human being disappear in the “sleep”, then death is what is wished for.♦But there may be dreams in the sleep. That is to say, the worldly sufferings may still occur in the dreams.That is the point at which doubt arises.Question 2♦People would rather bear all the suffering of the world instead o f choosing death to get rid of them because they do not know what the next life would be like. No traveler returns from boundary of the undiscovered country. The unknown sufferings may be more unbearable and more terrible.♦It would be better to bear those ills they have than to fly to others that they know not of.Question 3♦Serious thinking makes people lose their determination.♦Faced with the evil force, Hamlet can neither act in cahoots with it nor overturn and destroy it. He is isolated and helpless. Even if opportunities come, he cannot take them because of his indecisiveness.Here the shortcomings of the newly-arising bourgeoisie are shown. They think too much but do not act or act slowly第三课ben jonson♦1) A kiss in the cup♦2) The lovers express their love between eyes. The cup with a kiss has become a divine drink. The poet would not give his wine in exchange for Jove‟s nectar sup. In the eyes of the poet, the drink brewed with love is the most delicious in the world. Nothing can be compared with the wine♦3) The wreath is a symbol of love. The purpose of sending his lover a rosy wreath is not only to express his love, but to hope that the rose will never fade with the lover‟s love. The l over breathes to the rosy wreath and sends back to the poet. Then a miracle appears: It grows, and smells, but not naturally. It seems that the rosy wreath has produced a magic powerDonneQuestion 1♦The woman doesn‟t reject the flea entrée to her body, y et she denies the advancements of the speaker.The speaker shows the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. “It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be.”♦This argument shows the woman that the same physical exchange, which takes place between her and a flea, is the same type of union that he has in mind. Their act could not be considered a sin because a fleabite isn‟t considered one. This act could not be considered a l oss of innocence because it is so common that if it were to be true, nearly everyone would have lost his or her innocence. Therefore this lady should not be troubled about giving herself to him委身于他before they marry, because their only act is the mixing of their blood.Question 2♦Lines 14 and 15 of stanza 2, “Though parents grudge, and you, we are met, and cloistered in these living walls of jet,” describes how her parents do not accept that what he says is marriage. Her parents are against such a marriage.Question 3♦Three lives refer to you, me and the flea (implying our baby). The speaker argues that if she kills the flee she would be committing murder. She would kill the symbolic marriage realm and the baby.♦In addition to those murders, she would be killing herself.♦When the flea is killed, the speaker purposefully turns to another argument.♦The killing has done no harm to them.♦Likewise, their secret union will do no harm to them.♦They should not worry about their union. Their fears are unnecessary.第四课DefoeQuestion 1♦To think about securing himself against savages or wild beasts.♦To choose a proper place: He consulted four things before pitching his tent: health and fresh water, shelter from the heat of the sun, security from ravenous, a view to the sea.♦To set up a tent and dig a cave♦To avoid the blast of the power by lightning: He made bags and boxes to separate the power.♦To kill goats for food.Question 2To make his sounds reasonable and convincingQuestion 3♦From the creation of the image of Robinson Crusoe by the author, we can see that Defoe took positive attitude towards colonialism.♦His bourgeois outlook manifests itself in the fact that he does not condemn Negro-slavery in his book. Robinson Crusoe stands for a typical 18th-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer co lonistFielding♦ 1. It serves as the title of chapter 8, which shows how the story is narrated. The narration of the story will follow the classical form of epic.♦ 2. Fielding depicts the combat and villagers in the Homerican style. (See the above)♦ 3. He does not strictly follow the classical form of epic. He uses a mock epic style.♦He tried to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.♦Throughout, the ordinary and usually ridiculous life of the common people, from the middle-class to the underworld, is his major concern.♦Fielding treats Tom as a complicated, round character. Tom‟s nature is impulsive, but genuine. He showsgreat honor in the way he respects Molly, but he does give into her lust.♦This behavior would be shocking for Fielding's audience, and yet he continues to treat Tom with due deference, noting both his faults and virtues.♦When Tom sends a servant for a side saddle for the disheveled 零乱的Molly, it reveals his respect for people of all classes and positions♦Further, in protecting Molly from her attackers, Tom reveals another element of his character: an intense passion.♦The distinction between appearance (a libertine here) and inward character (a boy defined by respect and virtue) is most important in understanding the book's hero.♦Consider how Molly wears the dress of a lady to hide her pregnancy - it suggests that what we see is not what we get.♦Ironically, she is attacked not for her immoral pregnancy, but for attempting to dress as a lady.♦Fielding…s cynicism is time and again tempered调节，缓和only by his humor and delight in broadly comic and dramatic scenes.♦The fight outside the church is described in detail, with the individuals named to create realism in the scene, almost as a piece of drama.♦ 4. The narrator‟s direct address to the reader breaks the suspension of disbelief in the narrative. He refers to the construction of his text as a story with “sundry similes, descriptions and oth er kind of poetical embellishments润色,” reminding the reader that the novel is an artificial construct. By calling attention to the novel's form, Fielding is able to both explicitly extrapolate its ideas and have fun with its conventions第七课♦Mr. Bennet is an English gentleman with his ove rbearing wife. The Bennets‟ five daughters: the beautiful Jane, the clever Elizabeth, the bookish Mary, the immature Kitty and the wild Lydia.Unfortunately for the Bennets, if Mr. Bennet dies, their house will be inherited by a distant cousin whom they have never met.The family‟s future, happiness and security is dependent on the daughters‟ making good marriages. The main plot is about the five daughters, especially the main character Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy as they deal with matters of upbringing, marriage, moral rightness and education in her aristocratic societyWhat do you think about the characters of Mr. Bennet and Mrs Bennet?♦Mr. Bennet is a cynical person while Mrs Bennet is a philistine and shallow woman. She is a beautiful but empty-headed, snobbish and vulgar woman whose only goal in life is to marry her five daughters to rich, handsome young men. She is often teased by her husbandHow do you understand the first sentence?♦“In want of” and “fortune” are key words in the first sentence. “In want of” refers to “need” instead of “desire”. In another word, it implies objectivity rather than subjectivity. The truth of “a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife” is tested through the Bennet family.♦Another key wor d is “fortune”, suggestive of the primary importance of cash nexus（现金交易关系）in love and marriage. The opening sentence serves as an excellent start for the development of the plot.It is probably one of the most famous first sentences found in fiction.What does the first chapter describe?♦The first chapter describes the parents of the Bennet girls.♦Mr. and Mrs. Bennet are busy considering the prospects of their daughters‟ marriage, shortly after hearing of the arrival of a rich, unmarried young man as their neighbor.♦Mild satire may be found here in the author‟s seeming ly matter-of-fact description of a very ordinary, practical family conversation, though unmistakable sympathy is given to both Mrs. and Mr. Bennet What is the style of the chapter?♦The style is lucid and graceful with touches of humor and mild satire. The conversations are interesting and amusing, and immediately bring the characters to life. The author only inserts her observations occasionallyWhat is the theme of the novel?♦This book tells us a great deal about different attitudes toward marriage in Au sten‟s time.♦Austin satires and criticizes the marriage arranged by the parents of both sides or the marriiages built upon money or wealth.♦Elizabeth‟s attitude, which is not built upon wealth and money, but on spiritual understanding of each other, is praised by the writer.第八课dickens♦Noah Claypole‟s relationship with Oliver illustrates Victorian England‟s obsession with class distinctions.♦The son of destitute parents, Noah is accustomed to the disdain of those who are better off than he.♦Thus, he is relieved to have Oliver nearby, since, as an orphan, Oliver is even worse off than he is.♦Dickens shows that class snobbery is a universal quality, characteristic of the lowest as well as the highest strata of society.♦Moreover, snobbish behavior seems a component of class insecurity.♦The poor mercilessly taunt those who are poorer than they, out of anxious desire to distinguish themselves from those who are even worse off in life♦In protesting the parish‟s treatment of Oliver, Dickens criticizes th e Victorian characterization of the poor as naturally immoral, criminal, and filthy.♦His principal character, Oliver, after all, is virtuous, good, and innocent.♦Although we might expect a criticism of the popular conception of the lower classes to descr ibe many lower-class characters who are essentially good, honest, and hardworking, Dickens does not paint such a simplistic picture.♦The character of Noah, for example, exhibits the same stereotypes that Dickens satirizes in the first several chapters.♦Noah, the son of a drunkard, seems to have inherited all of the unpleasant traits that his father presumably has. Big, greedy, cowardly, ugly, and dirty, Noah is the quintessential Victorian stereotype of the good-for-nothing poor man.♦Oliver‟s attack on No ah is an important moment in the development of his character.♦Most of the time, he is portrayed as sweet, -docile, innocent, and naïve—sometimes to the point of seeming somewhat dim.♦Indeed, it might seem that Dickens, in his fervent desire to exact his Victorian audience‟s sympathy for the poor orphan, exaggerates by making Oliver angelic.♦Oliver‟s fit of rage, however, makes him seem more passionate and human, like an ordinary child.♦Oliver, raised in the workhouse, has never seen a functioning family except for the Sowerberrys, who are childless.♦His sense of familial love and duty is strong enough to compel him to violently come to his mother‟s defense.♦Dickens implies that loyalty to kin, and the desire for the love of a family, is an impulse with which children are born, not one that needs to be learned and nurtured第九课Dover Beach♦What is the tone of the poem?♦What is the theme of the poem?♦Do you think the view of human life presented here is applicable to today‟s world? Why or why not?♦Feelings of isolated loneliness, and fear of the future are the major tone of the poem♦The central theme is that the poet mourns the loss of faith in God, who provided security and meaningfor people in the past, and compares the passing of faith to the ebb of the tide.♦In Arnold‟s world, the pillar of faith supporting society was perceived as crumbling under the weight of scientific development.♦Consequently, the existence of God and the whole Christian scheme of things were cast in doubt.♦Arnold, who was deeply religious, lamented the dying of the light of faith.♦It is rather difficult to say it is true or not for today‟s world. With a positive viewpoint, we can perceive today‟s world as a prosperous and peaceful one. With a negative and critical eye, the wor ld today is full of misery, torture and disbelief, and is as a messy chaos as described in the poemMeeting at nightHow does the poem show the frame of mind 心情of the hero and the heroine? Meeting at night ♦The hero was sailing a boat on the gray sea. The little waves were startled and leaped in fiery ringlets under the moonlight. This image reflects the happy mood of the hero.♦When the boat landed the cove, it slowed down and got stranded on the sand. This suggests the swiftness of the boat and the eagerness of the hero.♦The repetition of the sounds “s” and “sh” produced the sound effect.♦The last four lines form an image of their meeting. It can be seen that the person inside had been waiting with the same eagerness.♦“Scratch” and “spurt” are onomatopoeias, which produced the sound effect of peace and quietude late at night.♦Their joy reached the climax in the last line. They were hugging each other tightly.How do you understand the poem? 早上的分别♦This poem describes the parting of the two after the meeting late at night.♦In the above poem the hero thinks that the joy of love is everlasting, but now he admits that this joy is transient. Love and comfort are not everything for a man. He has a lot of things to do. He should commit himself to his own cause.♦The sunlight travels in a straight line. Compared with the sunlight, the road of his cause is uneven and full of curves.丁尼生What is expressed in the poem?♦This short lyric was written in memory of the poet‟s very dear friend Arthur Hallam whose death was felt very keenly by Tennyson throughout his life. In the poem Tennyson contrasts his own feelings of sadness over the loss of a dear friend first with th e innocent joys of a fisherman‟s boy and of a sailor lad and then with the unfeeling waves of the sea that break upon the shore and with the insensate ships that enter into a harbor. The whole effect is one of genuine personal grief revealed through simple imagery and very musical language.What does stanza 2 describe? How does the poet feel?♦Stanza 2 describes the fisherman‟s boy shouting with sister at play and the sailor lad singing. The gaiety of the people in the setting is in contrast with the poet‟s gloomy feeling. The boy, the girl, and the lad are enjoying themselves despite the inner pains of the poet. The enjoyable setting intensifies the poet‟s mood. He feels more lonely and is plunged into deeper sorrow over the loss of his friend.What is the effect of the repetition of “Break, break, break”?♦“Break, break, break” appears in the first lines in the first and last stanzas. “Break” is a one-syllable word. It is read with much feeling and poignancy. The word easily fills the normal tempo of a metrical foot. “Break, break, break” is repeated for more that has not been mentioned above to be conveyed more clearly. We can see the following lines touch the memory of the experience in which the poet was with his friend.第10课萧伯纳Question 1♦He is afraid to betray his origin.♦He is the son of a Clerkenwell watchmakerQuestion 2♦In this play and in British society at large, language is closely tied with class.♦From a person's accent, one can determine where the person comes from and usually what the person's socioeconomic background is.♦She speaks English so well that they are curious about her and eager to know her identity.♦They stop talking to look at her, admiring her dress, her jewels, and her strangely attractive self.♦Some of the younger ones at the back stand on their chairs to see.♦According to the hostess, there has been nothing like her in London since people stood on their chairs to look at Mrs. Langtry (English actress).Question 3♦Class Distinction. The social hierarchy is an unavoidable reality in Britain,.♦Shaw includes members of all social classes from the lowest (Liza) to the servant class (Mrs. Pearce) to the middle class (Doolittle after his inheritance) to the genteel poor (the Eynsford Hills) to the upper class (Pickering and the Higginses).♦The general sense is that class structures are rigid and should not be tampered with改动, so the example of Liza's class mobility is most shocking.♦The issue of language is tied up in class quite closely; the fact that Higgins is able to identify where people were born by their accents is telling有力的说明.♦British class and identity are very much tied up in their land and their birthplace, so it becomes hard to be socially mobile if your accent marks you as coming from a certain location♦Here Higgins, and through him Shaw, shows that this great difference between human beings can be destroyed. And when this disappears, the class distinction it represents also largely disappears. The flower girl does not have to stay on the curbstone with her basket all her life. To re-make human speech is a method of re-making modern society.第11课WoolfWhat is the function of Big Ben?♦Big Ben is a bell in a clock at the Palace of Westminster. It chimes the hours.♦In the novel, Big Ben suggests the fear of death.♦Thoughts of death lurk constantly beneath the surface of everyday life in Mrs. Dalloway, especially for Clarissa, Septimus, and Peter, and this awareness makes even mundane 平凡的events and interactions meaningful, sometimes even threatening.What is the function of Big Ben?♦Big Ben is a bell in a clock at the Palace of Westminster. It chimes the hours.♦In the novel, Big Ben suggests the fear of death.♦Thoughts of death lurk constantly beneath the surface of everyday life in Mrs. Dalloway, especially for Clarissa, Septimus, and Peter, and this awareness makes even mundane 平凡的events and interactions meaningful, sometimes even threatening.♦Middle-aged Clarissa has experienced the deaths of her father, mother, and sister and has lived through the calamity of war, and she has grown to believe that living even one day is dangerous.♦Death is very naturally in her thoughts, and the line from Cymbeline, along with Septimus‟s suicidal embrace of death, ultimately helps her to be at peace with her own mortality.♦Peter Walsh, so insecure in his identity, grows frantic at the idea of death and follows an anonymous young woman through London to forget about it.♦Septimus faces death most directly. Though he fears it, he finally chooses it over what seems to him a direr alternative—living another day.How is the novel related to the disillusionment of the British Empire?♦English citizens lost much of their faith in the empire after the war. No longer could England claim to be invulnerable and all-powerful. Citizens were less inclined to willingly adhere to the rigid constraints imposed by England‟s class system,which benefited only a small margin of society but which all classes had fought to preserve.♦In 1923, when Mrs. Dalloway takes place, the old establishment and its oppressive values are nearing their end. English citizens, including Clarissa, Peter, and Septimus, feel the failure of the empire as strongly as they feel their own personal failures. The old empire faces an imminent demise, and the loss of the traditional and familiar social order leaves the English at loose ends.What can we see about Englis h Society from Clarissa‟s preparation for the party?♦Woolf strived to illustrate the vain artificiality of Clarissa‟s life and her involvement in it.♦The detail given and thought provoked in one day of a woman…s preparation for a party, a simple social event, exposes the flimsy没有价值的lifestyle of England's upper classes at the time of the novel. How is the stream of consciousness technique used in Mrs. Dallay?♦In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an i ndividual‟s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions♦Stream of Consciousness is an innovative narration technique in the twentieth century to reflect the inner world of the characters and expose the social reality.Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs.Dalloway,which is the sign of maturity of Stream of Consciousness, is the best works of her.Through the use of stream of consciousness, which mainly includes montage, inner monologue and free association, the novel expresses the inner world of the protagonist directly.The story of the novel is of Clarissa Dalloway‟s preparations for a party of which she is to be hostess. She goes around London in the morning, getting ready to host a party that evening. The nice day reminds her of her youth at Bourton and makes her wonder about her choice of husband; she married the reliable Richard Dalloway instead of the enigmatic and demanding Peter Walsh, who will pay her a visit in the evening.♦Clarissa‟s party in the evening is a slow success. It is attended by most of the characters she has met in the book, including people from her past.♦At the party she hears about the suicide of a World War I veteran Septimus, who suffers from “shell shock”, and gradually comes to admire the act of this stranger, which she considers an effort to preserve the purity of his happiness♦With the interior perspective of the novel, the story travels forwards and back in time and in a nd out of the characters‟ minds to construct an image of Clarissa‟s life and of the inter-war social structure。
(完整word版)英国文学选读 课后习题
Thomas HardyTess of the D’Urbervilles1.How does Tess react to Clare’s suggestion that they should leave theirshelter?Why?She showed a strange unwillingness to move. Because she doesn’t want to put an end to all that’s sweet and lovely peacefulness and affection.2.What is the significance of Tess resting on an altar in the heathen temple?1）She is the sacrifice of the social conventions and prejudice which society has placed upon her2）In Hardy's eyes, she is the epitome of the purity of women, as pure as the sacrifices which are placed upon the altar.3）She knows the fate which is about to befall upon her, just as the sacrifices on the altar, inescapable death.4）Her death is caused by human hypocrisy and foolishness, similar to that of a sacrifice.5）At the end, the only place which can accept her for who she is is death and sacrifice.6）Biblical allusion. Parallel to phrase the first, when Abraham and her where on the carriage. Similar to the biblical story where Abraham was to sacrifice his son, the family sacrificed Tess.3. Comment on this sentence:“Justice’ was done,and the President of thelmmortals(in Aeschyleanphrase )had ended his sport with Tess”.In what sense is Tess’ s tory tragic?(1)Tess is a typical victim of the society. Poverty of the family, inhumanity, injustice andhypocrisy of the society decide her tragedy. The two men—the one who takes away her virginity and purity, the other who takes away her love but deserts her on the very weding night—though apparent rivals, join their forces in bringing about her final destruction.Hers is a personal tragedy; it can also be a social one.(2)The tragic fate of Tess and her family was not that of an individual family, but it was symbolic of the disintegration of the English peasantry--- a process which had reached its final and tragic stage at the end of 19th centuryJames Joyce Araby P1711.What is the significance of the title of the story?1. Araby is “a splendid bazaar” where Mangan’s sister recommends the boy to go. Thereafter the boy’s imagination seizes upon the name Araby and invests its syllables with “an Eastern enchantment” in which his “soul luxuriates”2. Araby becomes a place where his soul can find the mystical beauty lacking in his own mundane Church.3. The boy feels a summons that has symbolic over-tones of a holy crusade.But when he arrives, Araby , the dream new world for the boy ,turned out to be “darkness” and “silence”. His idealized vision of Araby is destroyed, along with his idealized vision of Mangan’s sister, and of love.2.Chief qualities of the boy’s character?The boy is a natural character with which to begin a book because he possesses so many qualities attractive to readers. First, he is sensitive — sensitive enough to experience a wide range of feelings in spite of his tender age, including apparently contradictory combinations like fear and longing (at the end of the story's first paragraph), anger and puzzlement (while falling asleep), and, especially, "a sensation of freedom" in response to his mentor's passing that surprises him and us. "I found it strange," the narrator says, "that neither I nor the day seemed in a mourning mood."Second, he is intelligent — and not merely in the conventional sense of the word. Sure, he is brainy enough to absorb much of the arcane information shared with him by the priest. (It makes sense that he has grown into the articulate storyteller who shares the tale of Father Flynn's influence upon him.) But the protagonist of "The Sisters" also possesses an intuitive understanding of how other human beings feel, think, and act —emotional intelligence, you might call it.It is no surprise that a boy so sensitive, so intelligent, would find himself somewhat alienated from others — cut off, fundamentally, from his family and peers. He appears to lack altogether a connection with his uncle, much less Old Cotter, and it is said that he rarely plays "with young lads of his own age." Even when he is in the company of his aunt and the priest's sisters near story's end, the reader's main sense of the boy is that he is alone.The school boy, in the story 'Araby", is the narrator of the story. He has not yet attained majority and is by nature bashful. He lived alone with his auntie and uncle and knew a few play-mates with whom he played in the street. Mangan's sister was perhaps only girl who lived in his neighborhood. He started appreciating her figure and dress without actually realizing that he had grown to like her. Being preadolescent person he had not become conscious that such a passion is just natural and it does not call for apology or regrets.If he had expressed his noble feeling of love for the girl he might have been able to overcome his bashfulness. Once he hesitated in expressing his sentiments, he developed an inhibition with the result that he was never able to make his feelings known to her. He went worshipping her silently. By chance, she happened to talk to him, he felt confused and did not know how to express himself. His desire to visit Araby became an obsession for him and he made up his mind to go to the market at the earliest and bring a gift for her. The hour that he reached Araby, was not at all fit for purchasing something really worthwhile. He experienced a sort of bitterness even worse than defeat. Being a lonely person, he is in search of a kindred soul. But lacking self-confidence he is not able to win her, as any other person without inhibition could have done so easily.The boy in the story is so bashful and inept in his relation with Mangan's sister only. He was quite a sociable boy in his own way and was good at studies. His auntie and uncle never discovered any oddity about him. He certainly proved quite helpful when he accompanied his aunt on her shopping trips. After his missed venture with Araby he lost interest in his studies. His teacher stared feeling concerned about him. But he did not know the real reason for this lack of interest in his studies. He is a hardworking and responsible boy and is capable of changing his attitude in keeping with the changingconditions. His unrequited love has proved disappointing experience for him, but certainly it would have made him wiser and more practical in future.3.Is anything gained by the boy through his frustration and humiliation?The boy is initiated into knowledge through a loss of innocenceThe boy worships and desires Mangan’ssister , and Mangan’s sister is the light that contracts to the gloomy reality.But the quest ends when he arrives at the bazaar and realizes with slow, tortured clarity that Araby is not at all what he has imagined. He feels angry and betrayed and realizes his self-deception.The boy is initiated into knowledge through a loss of innocence and fully realizes the incompatibility between the beautiful and innocent world of the imagination and the very real world of fact. So the “quest” is not fruitless, becaus e it helps the narrator come to self-knowledge.D.H. LawrenceThe rocking-horse winnerDoes the house really whisper?No, it is not the house whispers.The expensive and splendid toys, the shining modern rocking horse and the smart doll’s house are the reflection of the parents’ vanity. This couple bought so many expensive things means that they want to have a life of nabobism and a nabobism life means that there must be more money.This phrase was used intentionally to emphasize the theme“greed”Does luck mean money? How do you define luck?No….Who kills Paul?It was the society killed Paul.The development of urban industrialism caused people only care money. At that time,people thought money is everything. So,in the novel, the house whispered and mom emphasized luck so many times. Paul wanted to get his mother’s attention by money which forced him to ride the rocking-horse again and again. Paul was ill and the whole society was ill too.Matthew Arnold Dover BeachForm•Preserves the structure of the Romantic Lyric (Descriptive-Meditative-Descriptive)•“Dover Beach” is a poem with the mournful tone of an elegy and the personal intensity ofa dramatic monologue. Because the meter and rhyme vary from line to line, the poem issaid to be in free verse—that is, it is unencumbered by the strictures of traditional versification. However, there is cadence in the poem, achieved through the following: •Parallel Structure•The tide is full, the moon lies fair (Stanza 1); So various, so beautiful, so new (Stanza 4);•Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light / Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain (Stanza 4)•Rhyming Words•to-night, light; fair, night-air; stand, land; bay, spray; fling, bring; begin, in (Stanza 1) •Words Suggesting Rhythm•draw back, return; Begin, and cease, then begin again (Stanza 1); turbid ebb and flow (Stanza 2)Figures of Speech•Alliteration:•to-night , tide; full, fair (Lines 1-2); gleams, gone; coast, cliff; long line; which the waves;folds, furled; to-night, tide; full, fair; gleams, gone; coast, cliff (Stanza 1) •Assonance: t ide, l ies;•Paradox and Hyperbole: grating roar of pebbles•Metaphor:•which the waves draw back, and fling (comparison of the waves to an intelligent entity that rejects that which it has captured)•turbid ebb and flow of human misery (comparison of human misery to the ebb and flow of the sea)•The Sea of Faith (comparison of faith to water making up an ocean)breath of the night-wind (comparison of the wind to a living thing)•Simile:•The Sea of Faith . . . lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled (use of like to compare the sea to a girdle)•the world, which seems / To lie before us like a land of dreams (use of like to compare the world to a land of dreams)•Anaphora:•So various, so beautiful, so new (repetition of so)nor love, nor light, / Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain (repetition of nor) ThemeArnold’s central message is this: Challenges to the validity of long-standing theological and moral precepts have shaken the faith of people in God and religion•Decay of orthodox religious beliefs•“Let us be true to one another”: Emphasizes personal connection•Subverts Romantic View of Nature•The underlying theme of the poem is the hollowness of human lives, how everything looks beautiful at face value but is far from it in reality•The superficial calm prevailing in the world is brought out.1.Humanity-----the sea2.Sea-----humanity’s religious faith(ebbing tide is to nature----- loss of faith is to humanity)3.Sea-----land of dreams。
《外国文学作品选》习题与答案
《外国文学作品选》习题与答案（解答仅供参考）一、名词解释1. 《百年孤独》：是哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯的代表作，也是拉丁美洲“魔幻现实主义”文学的巅峰之作。
作品通过布恩迪亚家族七代人的传奇故事，展现了一个虚构小镇马孔多的历史变迁和百年孤独。
2. 浪漫主义文学：兴起于18世纪末至19世纪初，强调个人情感的表达，推崇想象与自然，反对启蒙时代的理性压制，倡导回归自然和中世纪的神秘，以英国的华兹华斯、柯勒律治和雪莱等人为代表。
3. 萨特存在主义：法国哲学家兼作家让-保罗·萨特提出的一种哲学思想，并将其运用到文学创作中，主张存在先于本质，人的自由选择决定其本质，以此为理论基础创作了《恶心》、《禁闭》等作品。
4. 爱默生超验主义：美国浪漫主义时期的重要思潮，由拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生提出，强调人可以直接与宇宙的神性接触，不必借助教会或传统教义，提倡直觉和自我信赖，对后来的美国文学产生了深远影响。
5. 后现代主义文学：在20世纪中期以后发展起来的一种文学流派，特点是反传统叙事结构，模糊真实与虚构界限，解构权威话语，挑战中心化的文化价值观，代表作品有托马斯·品钦的《万有引力之虹》等。
二、填空题1. 法国作家维克多·雨果的长篇小说《______》揭示了社会底层人民的苦难生活。
（悲惨世界）2. 英国女作家简·奥斯汀的代表作《傲慢与偏见》中的女主角名字是______。
（伊丽莎白·班内特）3. 美国作家欧内斯特·海明威的短篇小说《______》获得了诺贝尔文学奖。
（老人与海）4. 俄国作家列夫·托尔斯泰的史诗巨著《战争与和平》反映了______时期的俄国社会。
（拿破仑战争）5. 印度诗人泰戈尔凭借诗集《______》获得1913年诺贝尔文学奖。
（吉檀迦利）三、单项选择题1. 下列哪部作品不属于英国作家狄更斯的作品？A.《双城记》B.《雾都孤儿》C.《远大前程》D.《红与黑》（答案：D）2. 下列哪位作家不是意识流小说的代表人物？A.弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫B.詹姆斯·乔伊斯C.威廉·福克纳D.艾米莉·勃朗特（答案：D）3. 下列哪部作品是古希腊悲剧家索福克勒斯的代表作？A.《哈姆雷特》B.《俄狄浦斯王》C.《神曲》D.《十日谈》（答案：B）4. 下列哪部作品开启了现代科幻小说的先河？A.《格列佛游记》B.《时间机器》C.《乌合之众》D.《呼啸山庄》（答案：B）5. 《查特莱夫人》是哪个国家的作家DH劳伦斯的代表作？A.英国B.美国C.法国D.德国（答案：A）四、多项选择题1. 下列关于《哈姆雷特》的描述，哪些是正确的？（）A. 是莎士比亚创作的一部悲剧作品B. 哈姆雷特为丹麦王子，因父亲猝死而复仇C. 包含了“生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题”的著名独白D. 故事发生在中世纪的英国答案：ABC2. 关于《悲惨世界》这部作品，以下说法正确的是：（）A. 是法国作家雨果创作的一部长篇小说B. 主人公冉·阿让因为偷窃面包入狱，出狱后历经坎坷最终实现自我救赎C. 揭示了法律与道德、社会与个人之间的矛盾冲突D. 包含了芳汀、珂赛特等众多深入人心的角色答案：ABCD3. 下列对《百年孤独》的理解，哪些是正确的？（）A. 是哥伦比亚作家马尔克斯的代表作B. 属于魔幻现实主义文学流派C. 讲述了布恩迪亚家族七代人的传奇故事D. 全书贯穿了历史循环和命运重复的主题答案：ABCD4. 关于《荆棘鸟》这部作品，以下表述正确的有：（）A. 是澳大利亚作家考琳·麦卡洛创作的小说B. 描绘了梅吉与拉尔夫之间跨越世俗禁忌的爱情故事C. 荆棘鸟象征着执着追求爱情直至牺牲的精神D. 该书深入探讨了宗教信仰、人性欲望与家庭伦理的关系答案：ABCD5. 下列有关《飘》的信息，哪些是正确的？（）A. 是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔的作品B. 小说以南北战争为背景C. 主人公斯嘉丽·奥哈拉经历了从娇贵小姐到独立女性的成长转变D. 描绘了战乱背景下人们的生活变迁以及复杂的人际关系答案：ABCD五、判断题1. 《追风筝的人》是印度裔美国作家卡勒德·胡赛尼的代表作。
(完整word版)美国文学选读课后习题答案(word文档良心出品)
3.Is it significant that Thoreau mentioned the Fourth ofJuly as the day on which he began to stay in the woods?Why?
Yes, it is.Because The Fourth of July is known asIndependence Day,the birthdayofthe United States.HereThoreau uses the day to express his beginningof regeneration at Walden.It also means a symbol of hisconquest of being.
This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sin—the notion that all people are born sinners because of the initial transgressions of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to represent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized life. What is the implication of the description of the roses?The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man's activities. The narrator suggests that roses offer a reminder of Nature's kindness to the condemned; for his tale, he says, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or else some relief in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.
美国文学课后答案
一Questions1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.3.How did he arrive in Philadephia?First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?5.It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).二、Questions三、1.How many characters does Poe include in The Cask of Amontillado? What are these names?四、Montresor, Fortunato and Luchesi五、2. What drink are the French most famous for?六、Wine七、3.Does Montresor have something of great value to him which we might consider to be his treasure?八、His pride and the pride of his French family heritage. Perhaps his devious plot of revenge.九、4.Does Montresor seem to have much respect for Italians?十、Montresor does not have much respect for Italians. He feels the French are superior, especially with respect to wine.十一、5.What was Fortunato's insult?十二、Poe does not tell us directly, but only implies it in the third paragraph十三、6.Which wine does Montresor use to lure Fortunato into the catacombs?十四、"Amontillado" (the Spanish wine; Montresor's ruse to lead Fortunato down into the catacombs.十五、7.Why does Montresor entertain Fortunato with wines from his collection?十六、Montresor wants to get Fortunato drunk enough to be able to trap him in his plan of vengeance.十七、8.In what two ways does Montresor imprison Fortunato?十八、He fetters (chains and locks) Fortunato to the wall of the catacombs.十九、He builds a wall to close Fortunato off in a small corner of the catacombs, where Montresor will leave him to die. 二十、9.In what ways is The Cask of Amontillado grotesque? First, which of Montresor's actions are abnormal?二十一、The whole obsessive plot of vengeance.二十二、The fettering and entombment of Fortunato.二十三、Montresor's sick sense of humor.二十四、10.Is there anything grotesque about Fortunato?二十五、His obsession with alcohol.二十六、His drunkenness.二十七、His tendency to berate Luchesi (he may have been drunk and may have insulted Montresor in a similar fashion).二十八、His manic laughter.Questions1.Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?Montresor.Fortunato,one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him.2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare and valuable sherry wine.Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not it is truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor.3.What happens to Fortunato in the end?He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar.4.Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Fortunato as contrasts?Poe uses color imagery to characterize them. Montresor face is covered in a black silk mask, In contrast, Fortunato dresses the motley-colored costume of the court fool, who gets literally and tragically fooled by Montresor's masked motives.The color schemes here represent the irony of Fortunato's death sentence.Through the acts, words, and thoughts of Fortunato,we know He is greedy, he was lured into the dark and somber vaults just because a cask of Amontillado.This is also due to his bad habit of bibulosity(酗酒）. He lost himself on hearing the wine.At the same time, he was cheated by his enemy, which reflected his ignorance.When he heard the pretended compliment from Montresor, he became very boastful and arrogant.He was easily confused by the superficial phenomena and failed to watch out for others. He couldn’t tolerate that others were stronger than him.For example, Montresor always stimulated him with Luchresi who was good at connoisseur（鉴赏）in wine.Under the impulse of vanity, he fell into Montresor’s terrible trap.In fact, he was careless and foolish and didn’t find that the danger was approaching him.He looked down upon Montresor and others.He didn’t realize his foolishness until the death was coming.Talking from the appearance, Monstresor was a well-educated and “kind” businessman.He enjoyed the honor and respect in the city. But in fact, he was an evil and awful person.His inner feelings were so cruel that they even made people tremble.Under his rich appearance was the dirty soul and despicable character.We couldn’t see any glorious virtues in his mind. Instead, his heart was cold and dark.It was the revenge that threw Montresor into the deep evil valley.红字Questions :1.Why is the prison the setting of Chapter 1 ?No matter how optimistic the founders of new colonies may be, they are quick to establish a prison and a cemetery in their “Utopia,” for they know that misbeh avior, evil, and death are unavoidable.This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sin—the notion that all people are born sinners because of the initial transgressions of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to represent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized lifeWhat is the implication of the description of the roses?The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man's activities.The narrator suggests that roses offer a reminder of Nature's kindness to the condemned; for his tale, he says, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or else some relief in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.2.Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people towards her.The second paragraph on page 30.The crowd in front of the jail is a mixture of men and women, all maintaining severe looks of disapproval.Several of the women begin to discuss Hester Prynne, and they soon vow that Hester would not have received such a light sentence for her crime if they had been the judges.One woman, the ugliest of the group, goes so far as to advocate death for Hester.3.What has happened to Hester?As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live.While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl. The scarlet letter is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy.Why does she make the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate?It seems to declare that she is proud, rather than ashamed, of her sin.In reality, however, Hester simply accepts the “sin” and its symbol as part of herself, ju st as she accepts her child. And although she can hardly believe her present “realities,” she takes them as they are rather than resisting them or trying to atone for them.How does this tell us about her character?Throughout The Scarlet Letter Hester is portrayed as an intelligent, capable. It is the extraordinary circumstances shaping her that make her such an important figure.白鲸Questions1.What are the stories Ismael tells about Moby Dick?Ishmael compares the legend of Moby Dick to his experience of the whale.He notes that sperm whale attacks have increased recently and that superstitious sailors have come to regard these attacks as having an intelligent, even supernatural origin.In particular, wild rumors about Moby Dick circulate among whalemen, suggesting that he can be in more than one place at the same time and that he is immortal. Ishmael remarks that even the wildest of rumors usually contains some truth.Whales, for instance, have been known to travel with remarkable speed from the Atlantic to the Pacific; thus, it is possible for a whale to be caught in the Pacific with the harpoons of a Greenland ship in it.Moby Dick, who has defied capture numerous times, exhibits an “intelligent malignity”（狠毒）in his attacks on men2.Why does Ahab react so violently against the white whale?First, he lost one of his legs because of the white whale.Second,He considers Moby Dick the embodiment of evil in the world, and he pursues the White Whale，because he believes it his inescapable fate to destroy this evil.Ishmael suggests that Ahab is “crazy”and call him “a raving lunatic.” Do you agree with him? Why or why not? Ishmael describes Ahab as mad in his narration, and it does indeed seem mad to try to fight the forces of nature or God.3.What narrative features can you find in the selected chapter?In the selected charpter, Melville employed the technique of multiple view of his narrative to portray Moby Dick to achieve the effect of ambiguity and let readers judge the meaning.瓦尔登Questions1.Where indeed did Thoreau live, both at a physical level and at a spiritual level?He lived in a cabin on Walden Pond, which belonged to Emerson’s property.2.Had Thoreau ever bought a farm? Why did he enjoy the act of buying?No, he hadn’t.He avoided purchasing a farm because it would inevitably tie him down financially and complicate his life.Thoreau didn’t see the acquisition of wealth as the goal for human existence, he saw the goal of life to be an exploration of the mind and of the magnificent world around us.He regarded the places as an existence free of obligations and full of leisure.3.Is it significant that Thoreau mentioned the Fourth of July as the day on which he began to stay in the woods? Why? Yes, it is.Because The Fourth of July is known as Independence Day,the birthday ot the United States.Here Thoreau uses the day to express his beginning of regeneration at Walden.It also means a symbol of his conquest of being.4.How could you answer the question Thoreau asked at the end of this selection?。
外国文学史课后题答案
第一章古代文学（现存古希腊悲剧中唯一一部取材于现实生活的作品是《》。
Ⅰ04综合）１、古代希腊、罗马文学经历了哪些发展阶段？每一阶段的主要成就和主要特点是什么？有哪些代表性的作家和作品？（第７－８页）Ⅳ２、希腊神话包括哪两方面的内容？它的主要特点是什么？为什么说它是希腊艺术的“武库”和“土壤”？（第８－９页）Ⅲ（英雄传说Ⅱ01【欧美文学史】）＊《诗艺》（第14－15页）Ⅱ（Ⅱ03）３、荷马史诗是怎样形成的？它的基本内容是什么？怎样分析其中的几个主要人物形象和其主要思想？（第17－22页）Ⅳ（荷马史诗Ⅱ02【欧美文学史】/04）４、荷马史诗有哪些艺术特征？（第22－23页）Ⅲ５、简述希腊悲剧的形成过程和基本特征。
（第23－24页）Ⅲ６、为什么说古希腊三大悲剧诗人的创作“反映了奴隶主民主制发展不同阶段的社会生活，也显示出希腊悲剧在不同时期的思想和艺术特点”？（第24、26－27、28－29、30页）Ⅳ＊伊阿宋（第29页）Ⅱ（Ⅱ03）＊比较古希腊三大悲剧作家不同的悲剧风格和命运观。
（第30－31页）Ⅲ７、埃斯库罗斯《普罗米修斯》是怎样运用神话题材来反映现实、表现作家的思想倾向的？（第25－26页）Ⅲ８、简述索福克勒斯《俄狄浦斯王》的思想内容和结构艺术。
（第27－28页）Ⅲ９、从《美狄亚》可以看出欧里庇得斯对希腊悲剧的发展有什么新贡献？（第29－30页）Ⅲ10、希腊的“新喜剧”与“旧喜剧”有什么不同？它们各自的代表作家是谁？（第31、12页）11、柏拉图、亚里士多德的主要文学观点是什么？（第11、12页）Ⅲ12、简述维吉尔《埃涅阿斯纪》（即《伊尼德》）的思想内容、人物形象和艺术特征。
（第34－36页）Ⅲ13、早期基督教文学的重要意义何在？（第16页）第二章中世纪文学１、欧洲中世纪文学有哪些类型？它们各自有什么特征？（第38页）２、教会文学的主要内容和艺术特点是什么？（第42页）３、中世纪早期英雄史诗和后期英雄史诗有什么不同？它们各有哪些主要作品？（第43、45页）Ⅲ（中世纪早期英雄史诗中保存最完整的一部是盎格鲁—撒克逊史诗《》。
美国文学选读课后习题
Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.3.How did he arrive in Philadephia?First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which wa s going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).Unit 2 Edgar Allen Poe1.Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?Montresor.Fortunato,one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him.2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare and valuable sherry wine. Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not it is truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor.3.What happens to Fortunato in the end?He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar. Unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne:1.Why is the prison the setting of Chapter 1 ?No matter how optimistic the founders of new colonies may be, they are quick to establish a prison and a cemetery in their “Utopia,” for they know that misbehavior, evil, and death are unavoidable.This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sin—the notion that all people are born sinners because of the initial transgressions of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to represent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized life. What is the implication of the description of the roses?The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man's activities. The narrator suggests that roses offer a reminder of Nature's kindness to the condemned; for his tale, he say s, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or else some relief in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.2.Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people towards her.The second paragraph on page 30.The crowd in front of the jail is a mixture of men and women, all maintaining severe looks of disapproval. Several of the women begin to discuss Hester Prynne, and they soon vow that Hester would not have received such a light sentence for her crime if they had been the judges. One woman, the ugliest of the group, goes so far as to advocate death for Hester.3.What has happened to Hester? As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live. While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl. The scarlet letter is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. Why does she make the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate?It seems to declare that she is proud, rather than ashamed, of her sin. In reality, however, Hester simply accepts the “sin” and its symbol as part of herself, just as she accepts her child. And although she can hardly believe her present “realities,” she takes them as they are rather than resisting them or trying to atone for them. How does this tell us about her character? Throughout The Scarlet Letter Hester is portrayed as an intelligent, capable. It is the extraordinary circumstances shaping her that make her such an important figure.Unit 6 Henry David Thoreau1. Where indeed did Thoreau live, both at a physical level and at a spiritual level? He lived in a cabin on Walden Pond, which belonged t o Emerson’s property.2.Had Thoreau ever bought a farm? Why did he enjoy the act of buying? No, he ha dn’t. He avoided purchasing a farm because it would inevitably tie him down financially and complicate his life. Thoreau didn’t see the acquisition of wealth as the goal for human existence, he saw the goal of life to be an exploration of the mind and of the magnificent world around us. He regarded the places as an existence free of obligations and full of leisure.3. Is it significant that Thoreau mentioned the Fourth of July as the day on which he began to stay in the woods? Why?Yes, it is. Because The Fourth of July is known as Independence Day, the birthday of the United States. Here Thoreau uses the day to express his beginning of regeneration at Walden. It also means a symbol of his conquest of being.Unit 7 19th Century American Poets1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1) I Shot an Arrow…1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song?The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be seen by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.2. In what circumstances did he find them again?He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heart of a friend.3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?The images of arrow and song here may stand for friendship.(2) A Psalm of Life1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?We should work harder and live happier.3. Interpret the metaphor of "Footprints on the sand of time" (line 28).The metaphor refers to human deeds in real life.2. Walt Whitman(1) One’s Self I Sing1. What is the significance of singing about one's self? It is an exaltation of the individual spirit, which is typical of American people.2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy?Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.3. What does Whitman mean by the term of "the Modern Man"?He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one that is full of bias.(3) O Captain! My Captain!1. Why is the word "Captain" capitalized throughout the poem?In this poem the word “Captain” specially refers to Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States.2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem? Life is a journey.3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while the speaker remains so sad?They welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.3. Emily Dickinson(1) To Make a Prairie …1. What things are needed to "make" a prairie? In what sense can one really do it?Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination. 2. How can "revery alone" create a prairie?The prairie stays in one's mind.(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest1. Why is success "counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed"?Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.2. Who are "the purple host"?The so-called successful people in the world.3. Who is "he" in the last stanza? Anyone who is pursuing his success.(3)I'm nobody!1. Who are the "pair of us" and "they?"in this poem? The "pair of us" refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and "they" refers to the public, especially those in power.2. What does "an admiring bog" really mean?" (line 28). It implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.3. What is the theme of this poem?The real admirable life is a secluded and common one.4. Do you want to be "nobody" or "somebody"? Explain your reasons. Different persons would have different answers to his question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody.Unit8 mark twainQuestions1: Why do you think Mr. Wheeler is so eager to tell these stories?From Mr. Wheeler’s behaviors and contents of his narration. First, when "I" asked him to tell "me" something about W. Smiley, he “backed me into a corner and blockaded me with his chair, and then sat down and reeled off the narrative”. And during the process of telling his stories, he never paid any attention to others' response to his story and just went on telling what amused him. At last when the listener felt boring and wanted to leave, Mr. Wheeler even didn't notice it and still asked him to sit there listening to him.Question2: Does his audience share his enthusiasm in telling the stories?No. the audience does not show any interest in Mr. Wheeler’ stories. In fact, the n arrator was very feverish about his stories, but, in the eyes of the listener, the stories were very boring and had nothing to do with his preoccupation. As an educated man, the listener couldn't understand the way of laborers for joy, and he would never bother himself to understand it. So after the longtime of Mr. Wheeler’ solo narration and when the audience got a chance, he fled away. Question3: Do you think the narrator and his listener ever suspect the presence of humor? Why? How do you interpret their interactions?The narrator and his listener never noticed or suspected the presence of humor. During the intercourse, the narrator went vigorously on his monotonous narrative "without a little smiling" talking about the animals and the things like, while the listener felt rather puzzled or bothered by his stories. It seemed to be kind of coarse things. So the two different scenes go on separately without an intersection. And their interaction was a complete failure according tour common sense about communication. But it in this sense produced the effect of humor which can be tasted by our readers due to the skills adopted by Mark Twain .Unit14 The Great GatsbyDo you think Gatsby deserv es to be called “the great”?Why?(1)I think it is too complicated to simply say Gatsbydeserves to be ―great‖or not.For one thing, Gatsby wasambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate. He was soextremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could doanything to get Daisy back. In this respect, he ismuch ―greater‖ tha n his contemporaries. For another thing,Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he lovedanymore. Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everythingon his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy ofhim. He wasn’t sober enough to be great. 2.Does “the greenlight” Gatsby believed in exist in reality? Why orwhy not ?(1)I think ―the green light‖does not exist in reality.Because the green light which situated at th e end of Daisy’sEast Egg dock and barely visible from West Egg lawnrepre sents Gatsby’s unattainable dream. Although the coloritself can be seen as hope and bright future, Gatsby’s questfor Daisy back is doomed to be impossible. Daisy livedin ―a materi al world without being real, where poor ghosts,breathing dream like air‖. The distinction between ideal andreality was huge. As if American dream between golden pastand golden future always suffered from the realistic betrayaland crush.3.What does Gats by’s Schedule reveal about him and howdoes it relate to the American Dream?(1)The schedule is a reflection of Gatsby’s determinationand ambition. It reveals that he is hard on himself in pursuitof his goal—to be an upper-class man.(2)On one hand, we can know that he is persistent inpursuing his American Dream-- to attain wealth andhappiness through his struggle. On the other hand, he is tooidealistic and naive. The girl he loves is as vulgar andsuperficial as others in her circle, she is unable to meetsGatsby’s romantic fantasy. So his dream is destined to shatter,which indicates the disillusion of American Dream. 4.Whenyou read the line “He (the man with owl-eyed glasses)took off his glasses and wiped them again, outside andin ,” what images does it create in your mind, given thenovel’s numerous references to th e strikingly strangescene of the spectacled eyes?(1)From this line , superficially, owl-eyes is a person with thick and blurry glasses who can not see clearly all the things in the world. However, we know he is actually an owl-wise observer and sees more clearly than anyone else in the novel. Owl-Eyes, except Nick, is the only friend to appear at the rain-soaked burial of Gatsby, when others are unwilling to come. He feels sympathy for Gat sby’s tragedy.Unit 16 Ernest Hemingway1.How do you interpret the irony of the title after readingthe story?(1)The title ―A Clean Well-Lighted Place‖ refers to thecaféin the text. The caféwas very clean and well- lighted.From the literary meaning, we may feel this place was verywarm and comfortable, was a place where people needwarmth wanted to go. So the old man, who was rich butdeaf and lonely came here to find warmth and avoided nada.It was the only place he could go and could find somecomfort.(2)However, the younger waiter was very selfish.Therefore, he refused to offer the old man another cup ofwine by the excuse that the business was finished. This caféshould be warm but the younger waiter forced the lonely anddeaf to leave without any sympathy. This is the irony of thetitle.2.Do you think youth and confidence can help onewithstand the metaphorical dark?Why or why not?(1)I don’t think so.In our opinion, the metaphorical darkmeans nada,nothing in one’s inner heart. In the article, the younger waiter had both youth and confidence; however, he never ma de full use of them. As we can see, he didn’t understand the old man’s suicide and excessive drinking, and failed to see his tomorrow through the old man’s present situation.3.The older wait er said to the younger waiter:“We are of two different kinds.” In what way do you think they are different?(1)I think they are different from each other in the following four aspects:In the beginning, they are in different ages.The older waiter was in his middle age; while the other was much younger.(2)Then, they have different attitudes towards the old man. From the article, the older waiter could understand the old man and show sympathy to him. However, the young man was very selfish. He showed hatred rather than sympathy to the old man.(3)Next, they have different attitudes towards life. The older waiter had a deep sense of life. He was brave and wanted to fight again nada. Besides, he cared about others. he has a shadow understanding of life. He satisfied with his present love and work, he only care about himself. He even never thought of his future.(4)Finally, they have different attitudes towards nada. The older waiter had realized that it is impossible to avoid nada in one’s whole life. The only thing h e can do is to keep a kind of clearness in his own mind. But out of youth and confidence, he failed to overcome nada. On the contrary, the younger waiter had the two most important factors for withstanding nada; however, he didn’t realize the nada in his heart at all. Then his youth and confidence became use less.Unit 17 20th -Century American Poets1.Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro1.Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"?These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain. What do "petals" and "bough" stand for? Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd.2.Wallace Stevens Anecdote of the Jar1.What does the jar in poem symbolize? Why does the speaker place it on top of a hill?The jar here symbolizes a certain perspective on looking at this world. If the perspective of the viewing is creative and unique, it will change the conventional order of the old world. When a new perspective comes out, it will certainly hold attention from the rest.2. The jar is "round" and "of a port in air," meaning that it has a stately importance. What effect does it have on surroundings when placed on the ground? Maybe the round jar assumes the air of a domineering figure, which helps to form a certain order out of the disordered surrounding.3. How did the wilderness of Tennessee characterized? What words or phrases does the poet use to describe it?Tennessee seems to a place full of life and energy. “Slovenly,” “sprawl” and “wild” are some of the words used to describe the place. (See Anecdote of the Jar ) 3.Robert Frost(1)Fire and Ice 1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem? Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war. 2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here. Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings. 3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive? Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace.(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening 1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening? The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment. 2. Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake? The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home.3. Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty? He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do.4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines? The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life.(3) The Road Not Taken 1. What is the speaker's initial response to the divergence of the two roads? The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time. 2. Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does the speaker take?Two roads are similar except one of them is more “grassy,” which impl ies that it is less traveled by people. The speaker prefers the les s traveled one, because he likes adventure. 3. What might the two roads stand for in the speaker's mind? One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties. To follow other people's footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives.。
外国文学作品选读课程复习资料
外国文学作品选读课程复习资料《外国文学作品选读》课程复习资料一、单项选择题：1.古希腊三大悲剧家为索福克勒斯、（）与欧里庇得斯。
[ ]A.阿里斯托芬B.荷马C.埃斯库罗斯D.修昔底德2.莎士比亚的四大悲剧有《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《奥赛罗》与 [ ]A.《威尼斯商人》B.《野鸭》C.《人民公敌》D.《麦克白》3.长篇小说《悲惨世界》的作者为 [ ]A.雨果B.普鲁斯特C.狄更斯D.巴尔扎克4.小说《红与黑》的作者司汤达来自 [ ]A.英国B.法国C.挪威D.德国5.下列来自美国的作家是 [ ]A.乔伊斯B.海明威C.福楼拜D.博尔赫斯6.卡夫卡中短篇小说代表作有《变形记》、《乡村医生》与（）等。
[ ]A.《复活》B.《驿站长》C.《沙之书》D.《判决》7.下列来自法国的作家是 [ ]A.乔伊斯B.海明威C.福楼拜D.博尔赫斯8.下列作者为博尔赫斯的小说是 [ ]A.《贝姨》B.《小径分岔的花园》C.《羊脂球》D.《我是猫》9.莎士比亚的四大悲剧有《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《奥赛罗》与 [ ]A.《威尼斯商人》B.《李尔王》C.《人民公敌》D.《野鸭》10.长篇小说《尤利西斯》的作者为 [ ]A.乔伊斯B.普鲁斯特C.狄更斯D.巴尔扎克11.长篇小说《红与黑》的作者为 [ ]A.雨果B.司汤达C.缪塞D.夏洛蒂·勃朗特12.卡夫卡长篇小说代表作有《美国》、《审判》与 [ ]A.《复活》B.《父与子》C.《乡村医生》D.《城堡》13.一起被认为是欧洲文艺复兴时期文坛上的“双子星座”的是莎士比亚与 [ ]A.彼得拉克B.塞万提斯C.拉伯雷D.但丁14.被亚里士多德认为是一出“十全十美的悲剧”的典范之作是 [ ]A.《安提戈涅》B.《美狄亚》C.《李尔王》D.《俄狄浦斯王》15.诗集《恶之花》第一部分为 [ ]A.《忧郁与理想》B.《死亡》C.《酒》D.《恶之花》16.短篇小说《小径分岔的花园》作者为 [ ]A.马尔克斯B.博尔赫斯C.加缪D.萨特二、判断题：1.《荷马史诗》由《伊利亚特》与《奥德赛》两部分组成。
外国文学课后习题标准答案
一、莎士比亚的悲剧《哈姆雷特》的思想和艺术成就体现在哪些方面？戏剧《哈姆雷特》以其深刻的人文主义思想与感人的悲剧形象赢得了众多读者的喜爱。
哈姆雷特忧郁寡欢、内心世界充满矛盾。
他在复仇行动上的忧郁，使得他的形象深刻而复杂。
对他犹豫的解说也是众说纷纭。
而从艺术层面上讲，《哈姆雷特》也代表了莎士比亚戏剧的最高成就。
主要表现为在人物塑造、情节结构和创作方法上。
莎士比亚在描写人生快乐与巨人风采的部分时，是将其与人性和人的本质的深度开掘联系在一起的。
《哈姆雷特》写于17世纪初，是人文主义发展的晚期。
在这种背景之下，莎士比亚的伟大剧作《哈姆雷特》正是真实描绘了文艺复兴晚期英国和欧洲的社会面貌，表现出对文艺复兴运动的深刻反思以及对人的命运与前途的深刻关注。
哈姆雷特这一形象体现了欧洲文艺复兴时期的人文精神和理想，具有强烈的反封建思想。
人文主义者反对以神为中心的封建神学，宣传人是宇宙的主宰，是万物之本。
哈姆雷特对世界和人类抱有巨大的热情和美好的希望。
他说：“人是多么了不起的一件物品！理性是多么高贵！力量是多么无穷！行动多么像天使！了解多么像天神！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！”他肯定人的现实生活，渴望纯洁的友情和真挚的爱情。
他聪明热情、敏感善思、能文能武。
他的恋人峨菲利亚说：“啊，一颗多么高贵的心就是这样陨落了！”这样的王子自然得到民众的拥护，连他的敌人克劳迪斯也承认：“他是为糊涂的群众所喜爱的”。
可是他一接触社会的现实，却感到忧郁：“人世间的一切在我看来是多么可厌、陈腐、乏味而无聊！”经过一番深沉的思考，把个人问题与整个社会相联系起来，他决定复仇。
但为了寻找正义的手段，他放弃了在克劳狄斯祈祷时把他杀死的机会，接着又误杀了波洛涅斯，这样就招来被放逐的命令。
最后，他虽然逃了回来，在决斗中杀死了奸王，自己也因中了毒剑而牺牲，“重整乾坤”的责任也落空了。
而正是由于哈姆雷特的忧郁寡欢、内心世界充满矛盾，才使这一形象更加深入人心并且因哈姆雷特在复仇上的犹豫，是他的形象带上上神秘的色彩。
外国文学作品选课后题一
外国文学作品选课后题一IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】外国文学作品选课后题汇总一．荷马《伊利亚特》（节选）1.赫克托尔的父亲、老王普里阿摩斯看到儿子站在城外要与阿基琉斯决战时，他劝告儿子做什么？答:“赫克托尔,儿子啊，不要独自在那里等那家伙，你这是想让他打倒寻死，因为他远比你强大，又很凶残。
如果他令神明也像令我这样讨厌，那他早就该躺在地上死于非命，被猎狗鹰鹫撕碎，消释我心头的隐痛。
他夺走了我的许多高贵的儿子，卖往遥远的海岛或把他们杀死。
在逃进城里的特洛亚人中我没有看见吕卡昂和波吕多罗斯，我的两个儿子，拉奥托埃——一个杰出的女子生了他们。
如果他们活在敌营，我们便用铜块和黄金去赎他们：家里有贮存，高贵的老人阿尔特斯给女儿丰厚的馈赠。
如果他们已被杀死前往哈得斯，便又给我和他们的母亲增添了哀楚。
特洛亚人不会为他们过分痛心，除非你也一起被阿基琉斯杀死。
我的孩子，进城来吧。
”2.赫克托尔听到父亲和母亲的劝告以后，做出了什么样的决定？答：还是让我和他尽快地全力拼杀吧，好知道奥林波斯神究竟给谁胜利。
3.宙斯看到赫克托尔被追杀，危在旦夕，和众神商议了什么哪位神反对宙斯的决定答：我们是救他的性命，还是让这个高尚的人/今天倒毙于佩琉斯之子阿基琉斯的手下？目光炯炯的女神雅典娜。
4.赫克托尔投出长枪射中了阿基琉斯，但阿基琉斯却没有受伤，这样的情况使赫克托尔明白了什么？答：“天哪，显然是神明命令我来受死，……命运已经降临。
我不能束手待毙，暗无光彩地死去，我还要大杀一场，给后代留下英名。
”5.目睹赫克托尔的死，他的父亲、妻子有什么样的表现？答：父亲悲惨的痛哭，想要冲出城去找赫克托尔的尸首。
妻子停止织布，忐忑不安地冲出家门，来到城墙上，昏厥痛哭。
二．萨福《永生的阿芙洛狄忒》1.阿芙洛狄忒是谁的女儿：宙斯。
2.阿芙洛狄忒降临下界时，谁为她驾车：一群金翅之雀。
欧美文学名篇选读参考答案
作者作品搭配Geoffrey Chaucer 杰佛里.乔叟1.The Canterbury Tales <坎特伯雷故事集>2.The Book of the Duchess<公爵夫人之书>3.Troilus and Criseyde <特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达>4.The Legend of Good Women <贞洁妇女的传说>5.The House of Fame <名誉之屋>6.The Parliament of Fowls 《百鸟议会》7.Romance of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚1. A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦2.The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人3.As You Like It 皆大欢喜4.Twelfth Night 第十二夜5.Hamlet 哈姆雷特6.Othello 奥赛罗7.King Lear 李尔王8.Macbeth 麦克白9.Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和阿多尼斯10.The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克丽丝受辱记Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根1.Advancement of Learning 学术的进展2.Novum Organum 新工具3.The New Atlantic 新大西洋岛4.Essays 随笔Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福1.Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记2.Caption Singleton 辛格顿船长3.Moll Flanders 莫尔.佛兰德斯4. A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年日记William Blake 威廉.布莱克1.The Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱的孩子2.Song of Innocence 天真之歌3.Song of Experience 经验之歌4.Poetical Sketches 素描诗集5.The French Revolution 法国革命6.The Marriage of Heaven Hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻7.America:A Prophecy 美国ton 弥尔顿Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯1. A Red, Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰2.Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集3.The Tree of Liberty 自由树4.Scots Wha Hae 苏格兰人5.The Two Dogs 两只狗6.Holy Willie’s Prayer 威利长老的祈祷7.My Heart’s in the highlands 我的心呀在高原8.John Anderson, My Jo 约翰.安徒生9. A Man’s a Man for All That 不管那些William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯1.She Dwelt Among the Untroddrn Ways《Lucy Poems》露茜组诗2.The Solitary Reaper 刈麦女3.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我好似一朵流云独自漫游4.Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集5.An Evening Walk 黄昏漫步6.The Excurison 远足7.The Prelude 序曲George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登.拜伦1.She Walks in Beauty2.Oriental Tales 东方叙事诗3.Don Juan 唐璜4.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德.哈罗德游记5.The Prisoner of Chillon 锡雍的囚徒6.Manfred 曼弗雷德7.Cain 该隐8.The Vision of Judgment 审判的幻境9.The Age of Bronze 青铜世纪Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.爱伦.坡1.To Helen 致海伦2.The Raven 乌鸦3.Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔.李4.The Bells 钟声5.The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古宅的倒塌Walt Whitman 瓦尔特.惠特曼1.O Caption！My Caption！A，船长！我的船长！Emily Dickinson 埃米莉.狄更生1.I Died for Beauty 为美而死2.Success 成功3.I’m Nobody 我是小人物Jane Austen 简.奥斯丁1.Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见2.Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感3.Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德公园4.Emma 爱玛5.Northanger Abbey 诺森觉寺6.Persuasion 劝导Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂.勃朗特1.Jane Eyre 简.爱2.Shirley 雪莉3.The Professor 教授4.Villette 维莱特Washington Irving 华盛顿.欧文1.Rip Van Winkle 瑞普.凡.温克尔2.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷传奇3. A History of New YorkNathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔.霍桑1.The Scarlet Letter 红字2.Mosses from an Old Manse 古宅青苔3.The House of the Seven Gables 七个尖角阁的房子4.The Marble Faun 大理石雕像5.The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇William Butler Yeats 威廉.巴特勒.叶芝1.The Second Coming 第二次圣临2.The Lake Isle of Innisfree 茵尼斯弗利岛3.When You Are Old 当你老了4.Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭5.The Winding Stair 盘旋的楼梯William Faulkner 威廉.福克纳1. A Rose For Emily 献给埃米莉的玫瑰2.The Sound and the Fury 喧嚣与骚动3.As I Lay Dying 在我弥留之际4.Light in August 八月之光5.Absalom，Absalom！押沙龙,押沙龙诗歌翻译和赏析Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.译文我怎么能够将你比作夏天?你比夏天更美丽温婉。
外国文学史课后习题
外国文学史课后习题第一章．古代文学1、古代希腊罗马文学经历了那些发展阶段？每一个阶段的主要成就和主要特点是什么？有哪些代表性的作家和作品？希腊第一时期(由氏族社会向奴隶社会过渡时期)史称“荷马时代”（BC11-BC9）主要成就：神话、史诗赫西俄德（教谕诗《工作与时日》、叙事诗《神谱》）荷马《伊利亚特》《奥德赛》等二时期(希腊奴隶制城邦国家形成和繁荣时期)史称“城邦国家形成期”(BC8-BC5)主要成就：抒情诗，寓言。
抒情诗中琴歌成就重大：独唱琴歌代表诗人：阿那克瑞翁：创造“阿那克瑞翁体”。
萨福：柏拉图称她为“第十位文艺女神”。
合唱琴歌代表诗人：品达：代表作《胜利颂》寓言：伊索《伊索寓言》(散文体)第三时期（希腊奴隶制的全盛时期）史称“古典时期”(BC6-BC4)主要成就：戏剧、散文和文艺理论全盛时期欧洲文学史上著名的三大悲剧诗人埃斯库罗斯：《俄瑞斯忒亚》三部曲（《阿伽门农》《祭酒人》《报仇神》）《被缚的普罗米修斯》索福克勒斯：《俄狄浦斯王》欧里庇得斯：《美狄亚》《特洛伊妇女》喜剧诗人：阿里斯托芬《阿卡奈人》《鸟》《蛙》文艺理论家：柏拉图《文艺对话集》“影子说”“伤风败俗说”。
亚里士多德：《诗学》第三时期(奴隶制衰亡时期)史称“希腊化时期”（BC4末-BC2中）主要成就：成就不大，只有新戏剧对后世文学有一定影响。
新喜剧：米南德(雅典人)《恨世者》《萨摩斯女子》田园诗：忒奥克里托斯“牧歌”罗马第一阶段：早期罗马文学“共和时期”（BC3-BC2）主要成就：戏剧继承古希腊“新喜剧”的传统，主要是世态喜剧。
普劳图斯《吹牛的军人》《孪生兄弟》《一罐金子》泰伦斯《婆母》《两兄弟》第二阶段：中期罗马文学“共和晚期和奥古斯都时期”“黄金时代”（BC1-AC1）主要成就;散文，诗歌，文学理论。
（共和晚期）散文家，演说家：西塞罗诗人，哲学家：卢克莱修抒情诗人：卡图卢斯（奥古都斯）维吉尔《牧歌》《农事诗》《埃涅阿斯纪》贺拉斯《诗艺》“寓教于乐”“合式”原则奥维德《恋歌》《变形记》《哀怨集》第三阶段：“帝国时期”（AC1-AC5中）主要成就：讽刺诗和小说讽刺诗：马尔提阿利斯、尤维纳利斯小说：阿普列尤斯《变形记》2．希腊神话包括哪两方面的内容？它的主要特点是什么？为什么说他是希腊艺术的“武库”和土壤？希腊神话包括：神的故事英雄传说主要特点：一、以艺术的方式反映了希腊氏族社会的本质和面貌。
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外国文学作品选课后题汇总
一．荷马《伊利亚特》（节选）
1.赫克托尔的父亲、老王普里阿摩斯看到儿子站在城外要与阿基琉斯决战时，他劝告儿子做什么？
答: “赫克托尔,儿子啊，不要独自在那里等那家伙，你这是想让他打倒寻死，因为他远比你强大，又很凶残。
如果他令神明也像令我这样讨厌，那他早就该躺在地上死于非命，被猎狗鹰鹫撕碎，消释我心头的隐痛。
他夺走了我的许多高贵的儿子，卖往遥远的海岛或把他们杀死。
在逃进城里的特洛亚人中我没有看见吕卡昂和波吕多罗斯，我的两个儿子，拉奥托埃——一个杰出的女子生了他们。
如果他们活在敌营，我们便用铜块和黄金去赎他们：家里有贮存，高贵的老人阿尔特斯给女儿丰厚的馈赠。
如果他们已被杀死前往哈得斯，便又给我和他们的母亲增添了哀楚。
特洛亚人不会为他们过分痛心，除非你也一起被阿基琉斯杀死。
我的孩子，进城来吧。
”
2.赫克托尔听到父亲和母亲的劝告以后，做出了什么样的决定？答：还是让我和他尽快地全力拼杀吧，好知道奥林波斯神究竟给谁胜利。
3.宙斯看到赫克托尔被追杀，危在旦夕，和众神商议了什么？哪位神反对宙斯的决定？
答：我们是救他的性命，还是让这个高尚的人/今天倒毙于佩琉斯之子阿基琉斯的手下？目光炯炯的女神雅典娜。
4. 赫克托尔投出长枪射中了阿基琉斯，但阿基琉斯却没有受伤，这样的情况使赫克托尔明白了什么？
答：“天哪，显然是神明命令我来受死，……命运已经降临。
我不能束手待毙，暗无光彩地死去，我还要大杀一场，给后代留下英名。
”
5.目睹赫克托尔的死，他的父亲、妻子有什么样的表现？
答：父亲悲惨的痛哭，想要冲出城去找赫克托尔的尸首。
妻子停止织布，忐忑不安地冲出家门，来到城墙上，昏厥痛哭。
二．萨福《永生的阿芙洛狄忒》
1. 阿芙洛狄忒是谁的女儿：宙斯。
2.阿芙洛狄忒降临下界时，谁为她驾车：一群金翅之雀。
3.阿芙洛狄忒飞到此地时永远年轻的脸上是什么表情：浮着笑意。
4.能帮助主人公说服别人的是哪位女神：蓓脱女神。
5.读过全诗后请猜出本诗的抒情主人公叫什么名字：萨福。