IE7.4-MFA-Part1-the improved神奇的材料世界

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Chap.7 Material Flow Analysis（Part 1）The Improved Dynamic Model for SFA

Question 2

How to analysis the material flow ?

A dynamic model

The original framework

A STAF model

The improved framework

The improved framework for lead flow analysis

⏹Take Lead as the objective metal

✓Nonrenewable resource depletion, the reserve base can be

used for about 10 years

✓Toxic metal: is a poisonous metal that can damage nervous

connections (especially in young children) and cause blood and brain disorders

✓The anthropoganic flow rate is about 13 times higher than

the natural flow rate

✓Important modern industrial materials

•Wide usage in modern industrial fields: mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering

•Main usage：60 -70% of refined lead is used in

manufacturing of Lead-acid battery (LAB)

✓Position of China in the world: the second biggest

producer and consumer, main lead products exporter, and

lead ore importer

quick increase in production of refined lead and LABs

To obtain some rules, used to lead ore resource conservation and

environmental quality improvement

01

2

3

4

5

1990199219941996199820002010Lead Mt

Research object ：LAB system ，in 1999，75%of refined

lead was used in LAB manufacture

☐Methodology ——

τ

∆⋅⋅=P F The service provided by LABs ：store and transfer electric

energy ,kWh

，Annual transferred electric energy ，kWh/yr

，specific energy,kWh/kt (Pb) lead content in batteries ，kt/yr

the life span of LABs ，average weighted value ，yr

∑=i E E P E F =P τ∆τ∆⋅=E S

●Environmental impacts definition：

●Eco-efficiency：

resource efficiency：kWh/kt Pb

environmental efficiency:kWh/kt Pb

R

S

r=

Q

S

q=

R

Q

resource load：lead ore consumption，，lead content，kt/yr emission load：lead emissions，，lead content,kt/yr

Methodology——Assumption：

Ignored the time spent in various of production

The average life-span of LABs is , and keeps constant in research period

All LABs become obsolete after years of its production, and return to secondary lead production

τ∆

τ∆

☐Lead flow schematic of product life cycle

✓The lead-flow diagram for the LAB life cycle. Stage I is lead mining, concentrating , smelting, and refining. Stage II is battery manufacturing and Stage III is battery use.

、——t he annual production of LABs in year and ，t/yr ——recycling rate, the ratio of the old lead scrap reused in lead production in year τ to the total LAB production △τ years ago, t/t ——moderate recycling rate, the ratio of the lead scrap produced in LAB manufacturing that become inputs for lead production to the total production of batteries in the same year, t/t.——lead emission ratio, the ratio of the lead emissions to the lead content of batteries produced in the same year ，t/t ，

Parameters definition ：

αβγP τP ττ-∆ττ-∆τ12

γγγ=+