微生物常考英译汉

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微生物英文名词解释

微生物英文名词解释1.Mycoplasma：The mycoplasma are a group of the smallest organisms withoutcell wall that can be free-living in nature, can pass through bacterial filter and also grow on laboratory media.2.Chlamydia：Chlamydia are small Gram-negative bacteria which are obligateintercellular parasites like virus, but differ from them in that they have both RNA and DNA, ribosome, cell wall, and divided by binary fission.3.L forms of bacteria：In osmotically protective media, removal of the bacterialwall with lysozyme or penicillin liberate protoplasts from Gram-positive cells and spheroplasts from Gram-negative cells. If such wall-defective cells are able to grow and divide, they are called L forms. L forms are difficult to cultivate. They require a special media. Some L form can revert tothe normal bacillary form. L form in the host may produce chronic infection that are relatively resistant to antibiotic treatment.4.Capsule：Many bacteria synthesize large amounts of extracellular polymer whengrowing in their natural environments. When the polymer forms a condensed, well-defined layer closely surrounding the cell, it is called the capsule. With one known exception (the polypeptide capsule), the polymer is polysaccharide.5.Pyrogen：This is a fever-producing substance synthesized by bacteria. In fact, itis the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria. For the injectable medicament, it is especially important to avoid the contamination of pyrogen in the course of pharmic production.6.Exotoxin：Exotoxins are proteins produced inside Gram-positive bacteria cellsand secreted into the environment. These toxins are some of the strongest poisons known to man and cause violent reactions in host organisms.7.Endotoxin：Endotoxins are made up of lipids and carbohydrates associated withthe outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. These toxins usually produce fever, weakness, and capillary damage.8.Disinfection: Reduce or eliminate pathogens病原体in or on inanimate无生命的objects to a safe level, which are no longer health hazard危险.9.Sterilization: A physical or chemical process that completely destroys orremoves all microbial life，including bacteria spore and viruses.10.Antisepsis: Use chemical agents to inhibit or destroy the growth ofmicroorganisms on skin or other living tissue.11.Plasmids：Plasmids are small genetic elements that replicate independently of thebacterial chromosome. Most plasmids are circular, double-stranded DNA molecules varying from 1,500 to 400,000 base pairs. Like the bacterial chromosomal DNA, they can autonomously replicate and as such are referred to as replicons.12.Transformation：It is the process by which bacteria take up fragments of nakedDNA and incorporate them into their genomes. During transformation, DNAfragments from a dead degraded bacterium bind to DNA binding proteins on the surface of a competent recipient bacterium.13.Conjugation：Conjugation is the transfer of DNA directly from a living donorbacterium to a recipient bacterium during the mating of the bacteria. A sex pilus produced by the donor bacterium (or male) binds to the recipient (or female). The sex pilus then retracts, bringing the two bacteria in contact and the transferred DNA passes through the sex pilus.14.Transduction：Transduction is mediated by a bacteriophage, which pick upfragments of DNA and package them into bacteriophage particles. The DNA is delivered to infected cells and becomes incorporated into the bacterial genomes.15.Normal flora:The various bacteria and fungi that are permanent residents ofcertain body sites, especially the skin, oropharynx, colon, and vagina.16.Dysbacteriosis：If flora disequilibrium occurs, for example, when the residentflora is disturbed, some little significant microorganisms may colonize, proliferate and produce diseases, which are called dysbacteriosis. Dysbacteriosis mainly result from long term and large bacteriosis mainly result from long term and large bacteriosis mainly result from long term and large doses antibiotics taken. Antibiotics can suppress the drug-susceptible components of fecal flora.Soon thereafter the counts of fecal flora rise again to normal or higher than normal levels, principally of organisms selected out because of relative resistance to the drugs employed. The drug susceptible microorganisms are replaced by drug-resistant ones and cause correlative disease, microbial selection and substitution.17.Toxemia：Bacteria multiply at invading location and do not enter blood stream,but the exotoxins enter blood and cause corresponding toxic symptoms.18.Endotoxemia：Gram-negative bacteria multiply at location or in blood stream,release a lot of amount endotoxin released from bacterial cell rupture.19.Protein A ：Protein A is a cell wall component of many S. aureus strains thatbinds to the Fc portion of IgG molecules except IgG3. The Fab portion of IgG bound to protein A is free to combine with a specific antigen. Protein A has become an important reagent in immunology and diagnostic laboratory technology; for example, protein A with attached IgG molecules directed againsta specific bacterial antigen will agglutinate bacteria that have that antigen(“coagglutination”). Protein A probably contributes to the virulence of S. aureus by interfering with opsonization.20.Elementary body（EB）：Elementary body（EB）are small round cells about0.2～0.4μm with an electron-dense nucleoid. They possess a cell wall. They areextracellular form and the environmentally stable infectious particle ，and metabolically inactive. The EB have a high affinity for host epithelial cells and rapidly enter them，creating a protected membrane-bound environment around the chlamydiae，and the Elementary body is reorganized into a larger one called metabolically active Reticulate body（RB）.21.Reticulate body（RB）：The intracellular large form known as the reticulate bodyMeasuring about 0.5～1μm and devoid of an electron-dense nucleoid. Itspresence will reflect the stage of replication. Within the membrane-bound vacuole，the elementary grows in size and divides into repeatedly by binary fission. Eventually，the entire vacuole becomes filled with elementary bodies derived from reticulate bodies to form a cytoplasmic inclusion. The newly formed elementary bodies may be liberated from the host cell to infect new cells. The developmental cycle takes 24-48 hours.22.nucleocapsid：The simplest of virus particles consists of a protein coat (capsid)which surrounds a strand of nucleic acid and are thus called naked viruses or nucleocapsid.23.Abortive Infections：Not all infections lead to new progeny virus. Productiveinfections occur in permissive cells and result in the production of infectious virus. Abortive infections fail to produce infectious progeny, either because the cell may be nonpermissive and unable to support the expression of all viral genes or because the infecting virus may be defective, lacking some functional viral gene.24.defective virus：A defective virus is one that lacks one or more functional genesrequired for viral replication. Defective viruses require helper activity from another virus for some step in replication or maturation. One type of defective virus lacks a portion of its genome (i.e., deletion mutant). The extent of loss by deletion may vary from a short base sequence to a large amount of the genome.Deletion mutants may arise spontaneously or may be constructed in the laboratory using biochemical techniques.25.Interferons (IFN s)：Interferons (IFN s)are proteins made and released by hostcells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites or tumor cells. They allow for communication between cells to trigger the protective defences of the immune system that eradicate pathogens or tumors. 26.Antigenic drift: Antigenic drift is constantly occurring in both influenza A andinfluenza B viruses. The HA and/or NA of the new strain are sufficiently different to evade (at least partially) the pre-existing human immunity. This leads to the seasonal epidemics.27.Antigenic shift:Antigenic shift occurs only in influenza A virus. It describes theemergence of an entirely new virus sub type. When this new sub type emerges, it causes a pandemic because there is no pre-existing immunity in humans.。

常用微生物学英语词汇（二）

辅酶 M coenzyme M微量营养 micronutrient特需营养要求型 idiotroph微[量]动[⼒]作⽤ oligodynamic action抗代谢物 antimetabolites索状因⼦ cord factor异株克⽣物质 allelopathic substances光能⽆机营养 photolithotrophy光能有机营养 photoorganotrophy化能⽆机营养 chemolithotrophy化能有机营养 chemoorganotrophy光营养 phototrophy兼性营养 amphitrophy腐⽣营养 saprophytic nutrition甲基营养 methylotrophy化能营养 chemotrophy⾃养 autotrophy光能⾃养 photoautotrophy化能⾃养 chemoautotrophy半⾃养 mesotrophy异养 heterotrophy氮平衡 nitrogen balance碳平衡 carbon balance磷平衡 phosphorus balance同化作⽤ assimilation异化作⽤ dissimilation氨化作⽤ ammonification硝化作⽤ nitrification反硝化作⽤ denitrification固氮作⽤ nitrogen fixation⾮共⽣固氮作⽤ asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 光同化作⽤ photo-assimilation巴⽒效应 Pasteur effect葡萄糖效应 glucose effect种间分⼦氢转移 interspecies H transfer发酵 fermentation发酵[能]⼒ fermentation capacity可发酵性 fermentability同型发酵 homofermentation异型发酵 heterofermentation厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸 anaerobic respiration厌氧⽣活 anaerobiosis需氧呼吸 aerobic respiration需氧⽣活 aerobiosis反馈抑制 feed back inhibition内源变量 endogenenous variable异养潜能 heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作⽤ hypholytic action溶菌作⽤ bacteriolysis费⽒[溶菌]现象 Pfeiffer's phenomenon⾃溶[现象] autolysis裂殖 schizogenesis芽殖 budding⼆分分裂 binary fission不等分裂 unequal fission断裂 fragmentation复分裂 multiple fission隐蔽期 eclipse period⽐⽣长速率 specific growth rate同步⽣长 synchronous growth双峰⽣长曲线 diauxie growth curve延滞期 lag phase⼀步⽣长[曲线] one step growth时间-存活曲线 time-survival curve倍增时间 doubling time指数⽣长 exponential growth衰亡期 decline phase稳定期 stationary phase对数期 log phase时间节律 temporal rhythm隐⽣现象 cryptobiosis休眠 dormancy衰⽼型 involution form静息细胞 resting cell光复活作⽤ photoreactivation交*复活 cross reactivation热[致]死时 thermal death time热[致]死点 thermal death point原⽣质体再⽣ protoplast regeneration[噬菌体]接合分裂 conjugate division[噬菌体]裂解阻抑 lysis inhibition[噬菌体]裂解量 burst size[噬菌体]⽣产性感染 productive infection[噬菌体]⾃愈 curing病毒复制 replication of virus复制周期 replicative cycle裂解周期 lytic cycle[病毒]侵⼊ penetration病毒⼊胞现象 viropexis[病毒]脱壳 uncoating[病毒]装配 assembly蚀斑 plaque蚀斑形成单位 plaque forming unit,PFU成斑效率 efficiency of plating强毒株 virulent strain[狂⽝病]固定毒 fixed virus[狂⽝病]街毒 street virus病毒抑制作⽤ viral inhibition病毒诱导 virus induction[流感病毒]α抑制物α-inhibitor[流感病毒]朱⽒抑制物 Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor ⼲扰素 interferon⼲扰[现象] interference溶原化 lysogenization溶原性 lysogeny溶原现象 lysogenesis抗⽣素 antibiotic阿克拉霉素 aclacinomycin放线酮 actidione, cycloheximide放线菌素 actinomycin阿霉素 adriamycin氨丁苷菌素 ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸 7-aminocephalosporinic acid6-氨基青霉烷酸 6-aminopenicillanic acid两性霉素 amphotericin安丝菌素 ansamitocin抗蠕霉素 anthelmycin抗霉素 antimycin阿泊拉霉素 apramycin除疟霉素 aplasmomycin曲霉菌素 aspergillin除⾍菌素 avermectin杆菌肽 bacitracin双环霉素 bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素 blasticidin博来霉素 bleomycin丁苷菌素 butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素 candicidin卷曲霉素 capreomycin, capromycin腐霉素 carriomycin洋红霉素 carminomycin天青菌素 celesticetin头孢菌素 cephalosporin氯霉素 chloromycetin, chloramphenicol ⾦霉素 chloroteracycline, aureomycin ⾊霉素 chromomycin创新霉素 chuangxinmycin棒酸 clavulanic acid氯林肯霉素 clindamycin粘菌素 colistin⿁伞菌素 coprinin蛹⾍草菌素 cordycepin⾹菇菌素 cortinellin环孢菌素 cyclosporin环丝氨酸 cycloserine松胞菌素 cytochalasin胞霉素 cytomycin道诺霉素 daunomycin越霉素 destomycin偏端霉素 distamycin红霉素 erythromycin抑酯酶素 esterastin扁枝⾐霉素 everninomicin间型霉素 formycin健霉素 fortimicin磷霉素 fosfomycin, phosphonomycin镰孢菌酸 fusarinic acid⾉他霉素 gentamicin胶霉毒素 gliotoxin⾕⽒菌素 gougerotin短杆菌肽 gramicidin灰霉素 grisein灰黄霉素 griseofulvin除莠菌素 herbicidin除莠霉素 herbimycin全霉素 holomycin潮霉素 hygromycin岛霉素 ilamycin天神霉素 istamycin双氢除⾍菌素 ivermectin交沙霉素 josamycin卡那霉素 kanamycin春⽇霉素 kasugamycin柱晶⽩霉素 leucomycin林可霉素 lincomycin美登素 maytenin酒霉素 methymycin光神霉素 mithramycin丝裂霉素 mitomycin莫能菌素 monensin菌霉素 mycomycin霉酚酸 mycophenolic acid麦迪霉素 mydecamycin, midecamycin 暗霉素 nebramycin新霉素 neomycin纺锤菌素 netropsin诺卡菌素 nocardin新⽣霉素 novobiocin制霉菌素 nystatin⽵桃霉素 oleandomycin蛇孢菌素 ophiobollin展青霉素 patulin青霉酸 penicillic acid青霉素 penicillin多氧菌素 polyoxin多粘菌素 polymyxin灵菌红素 prodigiosin制反转录酶素 revistin核糖霉素 ribostamycin, vistamycin利福霉素 rifamycin龟裂杀菌素 rimocidin瑞斯托菌素 ristocetin蔷薇霉素 rosamicin红⽐霉素 rubidomycin相模霉素 sagamicin盐霉素 salinomycin⾁瘤霉素 sarkomycin制唾酸酶素 siastatin紫苏霉素 sisomicin壮观霉素 spectinomycin, actinospectacin 螺旋霉素 spiramycin链霉素 streptomycin链⿊菌素 streptonigrin链丝菌素 streptothricin枯草菌素 subtilin杀鱼菌素 teleocidin⼟霉素 terramycin, oxytetracycline四环素 tetracycline噻烯霉素 thienamycin硫藤黄素 thiolutin妥布拉霉素 tobramycin⽊霉菌素 trichodermin抗滴⾍霉素 trichomycin⾐霉素 tunicamycin泰乐菌素 tylosin焦曲菌素 ustin有效霉素 validamycin缬氨霉素 valinomycin, aminomycin万古霉素 vancomycin疣孢菌素 verrucarine优胜霉素 victomycin紫霉素 viomycin巴龙霉素 paromomycin遗传转化 genetic transformation供体 donor受体 recipient转化体 transformant感受态 competence光滑型 smooth type粗糙型 rough type⽆性型 anamorph克隆 clone有性型 teleomorph异源性 heterology同源性 homology转导 transduction局限转导 restricted transduction转染 transfection溶原性转换 lysogenic conversion抗原性漂移 antigenic drift抗原性转变 antigenic shift⾼频重组 high frequency of recombination, Hfr 重组 recombination接合[作⽤] conjugation重组体 recombinant互补 complementation杂合[现象] heterozygosis重组⼦ recon接合阶段 zygophase接合 zygosis质粒 plasmid粘粒 cosmid噬粒 phasmid质粒不相容性 plasmid incompatibility相容性 compatibility致育因⼦ fertility factor性因⼦ *** factor⼤肠杆菌素⽣成因⼦ colicinogenic factor突变 mutation表型 phenotype环状染⾊体 ring chromosome基因型 genotype原养型 prototroph原养菌 prototrophic bacteria营养缺陷型 auxotroph多重营养缺陷型 polyauxotroph诱变 mutagenesis诱变剂 mutagen诱发变异 induced variation突变体 mutant渗漏突变体 leaky mutant条件突变株 conditional mutant条件致死 conditional lethal温敏突变株 temperature sensitive mutants半透明型突变噬斑 cococarde噬斑突变株 plaque mutants宿主范围突变株 host range mutant扇形突变 secter mutationH-O 变异 H-O variation弱毒株 low virulent strain减毒株 attenuated strain凝固酶因⼦ coagulase factor耐药[性决定]因⼦ resistance determining factor 耐药性转移因⼦ resistance transfer factor, RTF 抗药性 drug-resistance抗药因⼦ resistance factor抗药基因 drug resistant gene抗药性菌株 drug resistant strain基因簇 gene cluster复制 replication启动⼦ promotor操纵⼦ operon单形现象 monomorphism双态现象 dimorphism多形现象 polymorphism⼲扰缺损颗粒 defective interfering particle重分配 redistribution表型混杂 phenotypic mixing基因转移 gene transfer原⽣质体融合 protoplast fusion趋合⼦性 zygotaxis向合⼦性 zygotropism兔化毒 lapinized virus缺损病毒 defective virus[病毒]缺损突变株 defective mutant[流感病毒]O-D相变异 O-D variation病毒基因 virogene[病毒]早期基因 early genes[病毒]晚期基因 late genes微⽣物⽣态系统 microbial ecosystem趋化性 chemotaxis趋氧性 aerotaxis趋光性 phototaxis向化性 chemotropism向氧性 oxytropism向光性 phototropism内共⽣ endosymbiosis捕⾷作⽤ predation拮抗作⽤ antagonism初级合作 protocooperation共⽣ symbiosis互利共栖 mutualism偏害共栖 amensalism偏利共栖 commensalism互养共栖 syntrophism兢争[共栖] competition寄⽣ parasitism⽆关共栖 neutralism卫星现象 satellitism协同共栖 synergism异种克⽣[现象] allelopathy代谢共栖 metabiosis共⽣⽣物 symbiont聚⽣体 consortium伴⽣种 companions致坏死寄⽣物 necroparsite根际微⽣物 rhizospheric microorganism 叶际微⽣物 phyllospheric microorganism 悉⽣⽣物 gnotobiote腐⽣现象 saprophytism分解者 decomposer含菌细胞 mycetosome嗜狭⾼温⽣物 stenothermophiles⼴温微⽣物 eurythermal microorganism 狭温微⽣物 stenothermal microorganisms 暂居微⽣物 transient microbe原⽣演替 primary succession次⽣演替 secondary succession异养演替 heterotrophic succession⾃养演替 autotrophic succession顶极群落 climax community菌群 flora区系 flora微⽣物区系 microflora⼟著菌群 indigenous flora⼟著区系 indigenous flora菌群失调 dysbacteriosis⽔华 blooms⽣物量 biomass⽣物质 biomass⽣物圈 biosphere前发酵 primary fermentation后发酵 secondary fermentation浅盘发酵 shallow tray fermentation深层发酵 submerged fermentation固态发酵 solid state fermentation液态发酵 liquid state fermentation主发酵 main fermentation连续发酵 continuous fermentation半连续[型]发酵 semicontinuous fermentation [罐]批发酵 batch fermentation敞⼝发酵 open fermentation上⾯发酵 top fermentation下⾯发酵 bottom fermentation上⾯酵母 top yeast下⾯酵母 bottom yeast阿明露法 amylo process酿造 brewing酿造技术 brewing technique陈酿化 aging发酵罐 fermenter种⼦罐 seeding tank⼿动⽓锁 manual airlock⾃动⽓锁 automatic airlock超滤膜 ultrafiltration membrane超滤法 ultrafiltration消泡剂 antifoam agent醋化作⽤ acetification酸化作⽤ acidification糖化作⽤ saccharification糖化剂 sacchariferous agents曲 Qu(raw starter)⼤曲 Daqu (massive raw stater for alcholic liquor)⼩曲 Xiaoqu(raw starter complex)⽇本酒曲 koji麸曲 bran koji液体曲 liquid koji起⼦ starter, culture starter酒母 seeding yeast活性⼲酵母 active dry yeast单细胞蛋⽩ single cell protein, SCP菌丝球 mycelium pellet活性污泥 activated sludge醪液 mash固定化细胞 immobilized cell共固定化作⽤ co-immobilization酸败 spoilage平[罐]酸败 flat-sour spoilage平罐酸败菌 flat sour bacteria需氧量 oxygen requirement⽣物致劣 deterioration微⽣物传感器 microbial sensor微⽣物浸矿 microbial leaching微⽣物杀⾍剂 microbial pesticide病毒杀⾍剂 viral pesticide根瘤 root nodule菌根 mycorrhiza根瘤菌剂 nitragin植物杀菌素 phytocidin昆⾍病原微⽣物 entomopathogen[蜜蜂]幼⾍腐臭病 foulbrood固氮菌剂 azotogen亚⿇浸渍 flax retting⽣物防治 biological control沤⿇ retting青贮饲料 silage沼⽓ biogas⽆菌植物 germ-free plant侵染 infection侵染性 infectivity侵染中⼼ infectious center侵染剂量 infective dose, ID病毒尿症 viruria病毒⾎症 viremia菌⾎症 bacteremia⾷物中毒 food poisoning真菌中毒 mycetism标准⾎清 standard serum混合分型⾎清 pooled typing serum抗⾎清 antiserum抗⽩喉⾎清 antidiphtheric serum结核菌素反应 tuberculin reaction卡介苗 BCG vaccine抗毒素 antitoxin旧结核菌素 old tuberculin, OT结核菌素单位 tuberculin unit, TU致热原 pyrogen病原体 pathogen带[病]毒者 carrier带菌者 carrier感染 infection传染 infection原发性感染原 primary invader继发性感染原 secondary invader机会致病菌 opportunistic pathogen条件致病菌 conditioned pathogen正常菌群 normal flora感染性 infectivity感染中⼼ infectious center攻击⼒ aggressivity侵袭⼒ invasiveness⽪肤坏死毒素 dermatonecrotoxin毒素 toxin毒⼒ virulence感染剂量 infective dose, ID半感染剂量 infectious dose 50%, ID 50半数组织培养感染量 50% tissue culture infective dose, TCID 50致病性 pathogenicity致细胞病变[效应] cytopathic effect, CPE半数致死量 50% lethal dose, LD 50细菌毒⼒ bacterial virulence神经毒⼒ neurovirulence类毒素 toxoid神经毒性 neurotoxicity最⼩感染量 minimal infecting dose, MID最⼩抑菌浓度 minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC最⼩致死量 minimal lethal dose, MLD⽣物制品 biological products鞭⽑抗原 flagellar antigen菌体抗原 O antigen[细菌]包被抗原 envelope antigen菌苗 bacterial vaccine疫苗 vaccine活疫苗 live vaccine活菌苗 live bacterial vaccine单价疫苗 univalent vaccine单价菌苗 univalent bacterial vaccine多价菌苗 polyvalent bacterial vaccine多价疫苗 polyvalent vaccine三联疫苗 triple vaccine联合疫苗 combined vaccine亚单位菌苗 subunit bacterial vaccine亚单位疫苗 subunit vaccine兔化法 lapinization减毒作⽤ attenuation⾃⾝疫苗 autovaccine⾃⾝菌苗 autovaccine菌苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy化学疗法 chemotherapy疫苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy疫苗再接种 revaccination再接种 reinoculation⾃⾝接种 autoinoculationVi 抗原 Vi antigen⼄型肝炎核⼼抗原 HBcAg⼄型肝炎表⾯抗原 HBsAg扩散因⼦ spreading factor⼄型肝炎e抗原 HBeAg溶⾎[作⽤] haemolysis[抗菌素的]协同作⽤ synergism抑菌作⽤ bacteriostasis杀芽孢剂 sporicide杀病毒剂 virucide抗溶[菌]素 antilysin杀菌剂 germicides消毒剂 disinfectant抑菌剂 bacteriostat抗微⽣物剂 antimicrobial agent抗菌剂 antibacterial agent抗真菌剂 antifungal agent杀细菌剂 bactericide杀真菌剂 mycocide抑真菌剂 fungistat消毒 disinfection腐败 putrefaction防腐 antisepsis⽯炭酸系数 phenol coefficient药物敏感性 drug susceptibility防腐剂 antiseptic⼤肠菌类 coliform group⼤肠[杆]菌值 colititre⼤肠[杆]菌指数 coli-index指⽰菌 indicator显微肥达⽒凝集试验 microscopic Widal agglutination test 敏化细菌 sensitized bacteria⽆特定病原动物 specific pathogen free animals, SPFA⽆菌动物 germ-free animal硫磺[样]颗粒 sulfur granule显微镜 microscope双⽬显微镜 binocular microscope倒置显微镜 invert microscope明视野显微镜 bright field microscope暗视野 dark-field暗视野显微镜 dark-field microscope暗视野显微术 dark-field microscopy相差显微镜 phase contrast microscope[分辨]⼲涉差显微镜 Differential interference contrast microscope, DICM 荧光显微镜 fluorescence microscope电[⼦显微]镜 electron microscope透射电[⼦显微]镜 transmission electron microscope, TEM扫描电[⼦显微]镜 scanning electron microscope, SEM超薄切⽚术 ultramicrotomy超薄切⽚ ultrathin section⽬镜 ocular物镜 objective透镜 lens补偿⽬镜 compensative eyepiece消⾊差透镜 achromatic lens全消⾊差透镜 apochromatic lens低倍物镜 low power objective⾼倍物镜 high power objective油浸物镜 oil immersion objective显微镜集光器 microscope condenser镜台测微计 stage micrometer⽬镜测微计 ocular micrometer显微操作 micromanipulation显微操作器 micromanipulator盖玻⽚ cover glass载玻⽚ slide凹玻⽚ concave slide⾹柏油 cedar oil涂⽚ smear悬滴法 hanging drop method热固定 heat fixation镜检 microscopic examination分辨率 resolving power放⼤率 magnification染⾊法 staining染⾊反应 staining reaction负染[⾊法] negative staining鉴别染⾊法 differential staining对染[法] counterstaining两极染⾊ bipolar staining萋-尼染⾊法 Ziehl-Neelsen staining method抗酸细菌染⾊法 acid-fast staining⾰兰⽒染⾊ Gram staining赖夫松鞭⽑染⾊ Leifson's flagella staining墨汁荚膜染⾊ India-ink capsule staining阿⽒染⾊ Albert's staining麦⽒[⽴克次⽒体]染⾊ Macchiavello's staining瑞⽒染⾊ Wright's staining富尔根染⾊ Feulgen staining染⾊剂 stain鲁⼽⽒碘液 Lugol's i o d i n e s o l u t i o n。

医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译

医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译微生物学作为医学领域中的重要学科，涉及到许多微生物学名词的英汉翻译。

准确的翻译对于医学研究和临床实践都具有重要意义。

以下是一些常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。

1. Bacteria - 细菌Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various habitats.2. Virus - 病毒Viruses are infectious agents that can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.3. Fungi - 真菌Fungi are a group of organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.4. Protozoa - 原生动物Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that can be found in water and soil.5. Parasite - 寄生虫Parasites are organisms that live in or on another organism (host) and obtain nutrients from the host.6. Antibiotic - 抗生素Antibiotics are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria.7. Antimicrobial - 抗菌剂Antimicrobials are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.8. Pathogen - 病原体Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause diseases in their hosts.9. Pathogenesis - 致病机制Pathogenesis refers to the process by which a pathogen causes disease in an organism.10. Immunization - 免疫Immunization is the process of inducing immunity against a particular disease through vaccination.11. Contagious - 传染的Contagious refers to a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact.12. Sterilization - 杀菌Sterilization is the process of completely removing or destroying all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.13. Disinfection - 消毒Disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces or objects.14. Culture - 培养Culture refers to the process of growing microorganisms in a controlled environment for research or diagnostic purposes.15. Resistance - 耐药性Resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antimicrobial drugs.以上是一些医学常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。

微生物专业英语

微生物专业英语2020.2.241、微生物：microorganism [ˌmaɪkroʊˈɔːrɡənɪzəm]释：微生物小的鲜活生物，只有使用显微镜才能看到。

A microorganism is a very small living thing which can only be seen by a microscope.2、固体废弃物：(solid waste)[ˈsɑːlɪd]释：一般所说的垃圾，是人类新陈代谢排泄物和消费品消费后的废弃物品。

Generally speaking, soild waste is the waste products of human metabolism and consumer products after consumption.3、浸出：leach [liːtʃ]释：浸出是通过溶剂从固体中提取可溶性成分的过程。

Leaching is the process of extracting a soluble constituent from a solid by means of a solvent.4、油污泥：oily sludges[slʌdʒ]5、市政污泥civil sludge/ municipal sludge释：主要指来自污水厂的污泥Mainly refers to sludge from sewage plants6、土壤改良：soil improvement释：针对土壤的不良质地和结构，采取相应的物理、生物或化学措施，改善土壤性状，提高土壤肥力，增加作物产量，以及改善人类生存土壤环境的过程。

Soil improvement is the process of taking appropriate physical, biological, or chemical measures to improve soil properties, soil fertility, crop yields, and improving the soil environment of human existence in response to the poor texture and structure of the soil.句子：一、目的研究微生物-植物联合对稠油污染土壤的修复效果，为石油污染土壤生物修复技术的应用提供依据。

微生物英语

微生物英语第一章微生物：microorganisms酶：enzyme质粒：plasmid降解：degradation降解性质粒：degradative plasmid环境微生物学：environmental microbiology第二章细菌：bacteria原生质体：protoplast聚β-羟基丁酸：poly- β-hydroxybutyric acid, PHB荚膜：capsule菌胶团：zoogloea芽孢：spore菌落：colony纯培养：pure culture放线菌：actinomycete光合细菌：photosynthetic bacteria，PSB 真菌：fungus霉菌；mould酵母菌：yeast藻类：algae病毒：virus亚病毒：subviruses噬菌体：bacteriophage鉴定：identification属：genus种：species亚种：subspecies变型：var.菌株：strain分离物：isolate第三章生长因子：growth factor固体培养基：solid medium半固体培养基：semisolid medium液体培养基：liquid medium基础培养基：minimum medium加富培养基：enrichment medium选择培养基：selective medium鉴别培养基：differential medium合成代谢：anabolism分解代谢：catabolism有氧呼吸：aerobic respiration无氧呼吸：anaerobic respiration 发酵作用：fermentation三羧酸循环：tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA世代时间：generation time纯培养：pure culture分批培养：batch culture生长曲线：growth curve迟缓期：lag phase对数期：log phase稳定期：stationary phase衰亡期：decline phase内源呼吸：endogenous respiration 连续培养：continuous culture第五、六章生物圈：biosphere生态系统：ecosystem微生物生态系统：microbial ecosystem生物地球化学循环：biogeochemical cycle分解作用：decomposition矿化作用：mineralization产甲烷作用：methanogenisis氨化作用：ammonification硝化作用：nitrification反硝化作用：denitrification第七章生物降解：biodegradation生物转化：biotransformation;bioconversion可生物降解性：biodegradability 共代谢：cometabolism多氯联苯：polychlorinated biphenyl, PCB多环芳烃：polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs第九-十二章固体废弃物：solid waste城市生活垃圾：municipal solidwaste, MSW废气：waste gas生物修复：bioremediation原位生物修复：in situ bioremediation异位生物修复：ex situ bioremediation植物修复：phytoremedying生物表面活性剂：biosurfactant单细胞蛋白：single cell protein, SCP第八章污水：waste water持久性污染物：persistent organic pollutants, POPs全需氧量：total oxygen demand, TOD化学需氧量：chemical oxygen demand, COD生物化学需氧量：biochemical oxygen demand, BOD总有机碳：total organic carbon, TOC总氮：total nitrogen, TN总磷：total phosphorus, TP深度处理：advanced treatment活性污泥：activated sludge污泥容积指数：sludge volume index, SVI 驯化：acclimation污泥膨胀：bulking of activated sludge生物膜：biological film; biofilm流化床：fluid bed沼气：methane gas升流式厌氧污泥床反应器：upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, UASB颗粒污泥：granular sludge湿地处理系统：wetland system固定化酶：immobilized enzyme固定化细胞：immobilized cell生物吸附：biological adsorption第三篇严重急性呼吸道综合症：severe acuterespiratory syndrome, SARS致突变物：mutagen致癌物：carcinogen人类免疫缺陷病毒：human immunodeficiency virus, HIV获得性免疫缺陷综合症：acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS亚硝胺类：nitrosamines腐殖质：humus水体富营养化：eutrophication赤潮：red tide水华：water bloom第四篇指示微生物：indicatormicroorganism细菌总数：total bacteria count总大肠菌群：total coliform大肠菌群：coliform group;coliform最大可能数法：most probable number, MPN空斑形成单位：plaque form unit, PFU急性毒性：acute toxicity生物毒性：biotoxicity半数有效浓度：50% effective concentration，EC50半数抑制浓度：50% inhibition concentration, IC50发光细菌：luminous bacteria探针：probe第四章遗传性：inheritance变异性：variation遗传型：genotype表型：phenotype基因工程：gene engineering遗传工程：genetic engineeringDNA重组技术：DNA recombination technology基因工程菌：genetically engineered microorganism, GEM。

大三专业英语作业(微生物翻译)

微生物的范围难以界定促使罗杰Dtanier提议，这个领域不仅要从它研究对象的
大小，而且要从它研究的方法技巧等方面来定义。
Add you title
一个微生物学家首先把一个特定的微生物
A microbiologist usually first isolates a specific microoorganism from a population and then cultures it.
不清楚地生物体的研究，也就是研究微小生物。
Add you title
Its subjects are
viruses,bacteria,many
它研究的对象有病毒，细菌，各种藻类，菌类和原生动物。
algae and fungi,and
protozoa.
Add you title
Yet other members of these groups,particularly some of the algae and fungi,are larger and quite visible.
text
text text
余的显微镜使用者----荷
兰的列文虎克
Part one
Add Your Text Leeuwenhoek earned his living as a draper and haberdasher ,but spent much of his spare time
constructing simple microscopes lamo Fracastoro 认为疾病是由看不见得生活生
disease was caused by
invisible living creatures.

常用微生物英语词汇

active immunity （主动免疫）active transport （主动运输）Alcohol fermentation（乙醇发酵）Aerobe （好氧微生物）Aflatoxin （黄曲霉毒素）AIDS（爱滋病）Ames test （艾姆氏实验）Anabolism （合成代谢）Anaerobe （厌氧微生物）Antibiotic （抗生素）antibody （抗体）antigen （抗原）antigenic determinant（抗原决定基）Abortive infection 顿挫感染Absorption 吸附Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌Acquired immunity 获得性免疫Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征Actinomyces 放线菌属Acute infection 急性感染Adenovirus 腺病毒Adhesin 粘附素A.flavus 黄曲霉A. israelii 衣氏放线菌Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Anaerobic medium 厌氧培养基Antibody dependent enhancement,ADE 抗体依赖的促进作用Antigenic drift 抗原漂移Antigenic shift 抗原性转换Antisepsis 防腐Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验Antiviral protein,A VP 抗病毒蛋白Apoptosis 细胞凋亡Apparent infection 显性感染Arbovirus 虫媒病毒Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫Asepsis 无菌Aspergillus 曲霉Assembly and release 装备与释放Astrovirus 星状病毒Autotroph 自养菌Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗BBacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacteremia 菌血症Bacterial infection 细菌感染Bacterial L form 细菌L型Bacteriocin 细菌素Bacteriophage 噬菌体Bacterium 细菌Bartonella 巴尔通体属Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属Binary fission 二分裂B.hanselae 汉赛巴尔通体Bioproduct 生物制品Biosynthesis 生物合成Biotype 生物型Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种Blastospore 芽生胞子Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体Botulin 肉毒毒素Bovine spongiform encephalopathy,BSE 牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病)Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌Brucella 布鲁菌属Burkitt，s lymphoma,BL 伯基特淋巴瘤CCandida albicans 白假丝酵母菌Calicivirus 杯状病毒Campylobacter 弯曲菌属Capsid 衣壳Capsomere 壳粒Capsule 荚膜Carrier 带菌者Carrier state 带菌状态Cat scratch disease, CSD 猫抓病C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌C.difficile 艰难梭菌Cell membrane 细胞膜Cellular microbiology 细胞微生物学Cell wall 细胞壁Chlamydia 衣原体Chlamydospore 厚膜胞子Cholera toxin,CT 霍乱毒素Chronic infection 慢性感染C.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Classical biotype 古典生物型Clostridium 梭菌属Coagulase 凝固酶Coccus 球菌Colony 菌落Colonization 定植Complex symmetry 复合对称Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌Conjugation 接合Core polysaccharide 核心多糖Coronavirus 冠状病毒Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌C.pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌C.tetani 破伤风梭菌C.trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Culture medium 培养基Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒Cytoplasme 细胞质Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应DDarkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜Decline phase 衰亡期Defective interfering particles,DIP 缺陷干扰颗粒Defective virus 缺陷病毒Dengue virus 登革病毒Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Diplococcus 双球菌Differential medium 鉴别培养基Disinfectant 消毒剂Disinfection 消毒Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌EE.aerogenes 产气肠杆菌EB early antigen，EA EB 病毒早期抗原EB nuclear antigen，EBNA EB 病毒核抗原Eclipse period 隐蔽期Ehrlichia 埃立克体属Electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary body 原体El tor biotype Eltor 生物型Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒Endogenous infection 内源性感染Endospore 内芽胞Endotoxemia 内毒素血症Endotoxin 内毒素Enteric adenovirus 肠道腺病毒ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒EAggEC, Enteroaggregative E.coli 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli 肠出血性大肠埃希菌EIEC, Enteroinvasive E.coli 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌EPEC, Enteropathogenic E.coli 肠致病性大肠埃希菌ETEC, Enterotoxigenic E.coli 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌Enterotoxin 肠毒素Enterovirus 肠道病毒Envelope 包膜Epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒Erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Exfoliative toxin,or exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素Exogenous infection 外源性感染Exotoxin 外毒素Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌FFacultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子Filamentous fungus 丝状菌Filter 滤菌器Filtration 滤过除菌法Fimbriae 菌毛Flagellum 鞭毛Flaviviridae 黄病毒科Forest encephalitis virus 森林脑炎病毒Fractional sterilization 间歇蒸气灭菌法Fungus 真菌GGeneralized infection 全身感染Generalized transduction 普遍性转导Gene transfer 基因转移Genus 菌属Gonococcus 淋球菌Gram stain 革兰染色Growth curve 生长曲线Growth factor 生长因子HHaemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Hantaan virus 汉滩病毒Heat-labile enterotoxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat-stable enterotoxin,ST 耐热肠毒素Heat-stable nuclease 耐热核酸酶Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Helical symmetry 螺旋对称Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌β-hemolytic streptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌Hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科HA V, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒Herpesviridae 疱疹病毒科Histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌Horizontal transmission 水平传播Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Heterotroph 异养菌Human cytomegalovirus,HCMV 人巨细胞病毒Human herpes viruses, HHV 人疱疹病毒Human herpesvirus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human herpesvirus 7,HHV-7 人疱疹病毒7型Human herpesvirus 8, HHV-8 人疱疹病毒8型Human immunodeficiency viru , HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Human papillomavirus,HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人类嗜T细胞病毒Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶Hypha 菌丝IIatrogenic infection 医源性感染Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称Immortalization 永生化Immune enhancement 免疫促进作用Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗Inactivation 灭活Inapparent infection 隐性感染Inclusion bodies 包涵体Infection immunity 传染免疫Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒Initial body 始体Innate immunity 天然免疫lnsertion sequence, IS 插入序列Integration 整合Interference 干扰现象Interferon 干扰素Invasiveness 侵袭Invasin 侵袭素JJapanese encephalitis virus 日本脑炎病毒KKanagawa phenomenon,KP 神奈川现象klebsiella 克雷伯菌属K.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Kuru disease 库鲁病LLatent infection 潜伏感染Latent membrane protein，LMP 潜伏感染膜蛋白Lecithinase 卵磷脂酶Legionella 军团菌属Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Light microscope 光学显微镜L.interrogans 问号状钩端螺旋体Lipid A 脂质A Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖Lipoteichoic acid, LTA 脂磷壁酸Liver specific Protein,LSP 肝特异性脂蛋白抗原Logarithmic phase 对数期L. Pneumophila 嗜肺军团菌Lyme disease 莱姆病Lyophilization 冷冻真空干燥法Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换Lysozyme 溶菌酶MMacrocomidium 大分生孢子Malassezia furfur 秕糠马拉癣菌Matrix prote M1 基质蛋白M1Measles virus 麻疹病毒Median infective dose ID50 半数感染量Median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量Medical microbiology 医学微生物学Medical virology 医学病毒学Membrane antigen，MA 膜抗原Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌Mesosome 中介体Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Methicillin resistant S.aureus,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌Microbiology 微生物学Microcapsule 微荚膜Microconidium 小分生孢子Microecology 微生态学Microorganism 微生物Microsporum 小孢子癣菌M.leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Mold 霉菌M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体M.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌Mucor 毛霉Multiple resistance 多种耐药性Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒Mycelium 菌丝体Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌Mycolic acid 分枝菌酸Mycoplasma 支原体NNegri body 内基小体Negative staining 负染Neisseria 奈瑟菌属Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶Neurotoxin 神经毒素N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌N.meningitidis 膜炎奈瑟菌Nocardia asteroids 星形诺卡菌Nocardia brasiliensis 巴西诺卡菌Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌Nonpermissive cells 非容许性细胞Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫Nontuberculosis mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Normal flora 正常菌群Norwalk 诺瓦克病毒Nosocomial infction 医院内感染Nuclear material 核质Nucleoprotein,NP 核蛋白Nuclocapsid 核衣壳Nutrient agar 营养琼脂Nutrient broth 营养肉汤OObligate aerobe 专性需氧菌Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌Old tuberculin,OT 旧结核菌素Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性Ordinary pilus 普通菌毛Orientia 东方体属Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科Outer membrane 外膜Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白PP.aeruginasa 铜绿假单胞菌Papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科属Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Paramyxoviridae 副粘病毒科Parasite 寄生菌Parvovirus 细小病毒Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌Pathogenicity 致病性Penetration 穿入Penton 五邻体Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Permissive cells 容许性细胞Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysome 吞噬溶酶体Phagosome 吞噬体Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科Pilin 菌毛蛋白Pilus 菌毛Pinocytosis 吞饮作用Pinosome 吞饮体Plaque 噬斑Plaque forming units, pfu 噬斑形成单位Plasmid 质粒Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒Primary atypical pneumonia 原发性非典型性肺Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒Prokaryotae 原核生物界Prophage 前噬菌体Proteus 变形杆菌Protopast fusion 原生质体融合Pseudomonas &nbs, p; 假单胞菌属Pure culture 纯培养Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍生物Pyemia 脓毒血症Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌Pyogenic streptococcus 化脓性链球菌Pyrogen 热原质Pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素RRabies virus 狂犬病病毒Reassortment 重配Recombination 重组Reovirus 呼肠病毒Resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性传递因子Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Restricted transduction 局限性转导Reticulate body 网状体Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科Reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶Rhabdoviridae 弹状病毒科Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Ribonucleoprotein,RNP 核糖核蛋白Ribosome 核糖体Rickettsia 立克次体Rotavirus &am, p;nb, sp; 轮状病毒Rough colony 粗糙型菌落R.prowazekii 普氏立克次体R.tsutsugamushi 恙虫病东方体R.typhi 斑疹伤寒立克次体Rubella virus 风疹病毒SSalmonella 沙门菌属Samonellosis 沙门菌病S.boydii 鲍氏志贺菌S.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌Septicemia 败血症Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断Sex pilus 性菌毛S.flexneri 福氏志贺菌Shigella 志贺菌属Shiga-like toxin,SLT 志贺样毒素S.hirschfeldii 希氏沙门菌Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染Small round structured virus,SRSV 小园形结构化病毒Smooth colony 光滑型菌落S.paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Specific immunity 特异性免疫Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖Spike 刺突Spiral bacterium 螺形菌Spirochete 螺旋体S.pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌Spore 芽胞S.schottmuelleri 肖氏沙门菌S.sonnei 宋内氏志贺菌Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcal protein A ,SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶素Sterilization 灭菌Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵Strain 菌株Streptococcal fibrinolysin 链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶Streptococcus 链球菌属γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌Streptodornase,SD 链道酶Streptokinase,SK 链激酶StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素O StreptolysinS, SLS 链球菌溶素SS.typhi 伤寒沙门菌Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE 亚急性硬化性全脑炎Subclinical infection 亚临床感染Subvirus 亚病毒Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒Superinfection 重迭感染TTCID50 (50%tissue culture infective dose) 半数组织感染剂量Teichoic acid 磷壁酸Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Temperature sensitive mutant 温度敏感突变株Tetani 破伤风Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素Titer 效价或滴度Togaviridae 披膜病毒科Toxemia 毒血症Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1,TSST-1 毒性休克毒素综合征毒素-IToxin 毒素Toxoid 类毒素Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体Transduction 转导Transformation 转化Transposon, Tn 转座子Trichophyton 毛癣菌Tubercle bacilli 结核杆菌Type 型Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症UUncoating 脱壳Ureaplasma.Urealyticum 溶脲脲原体VVaccine 疫苗Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Verotoxin vero 毒素Vertical transmission 垂直传播Vibrio 弧菌属Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Virion 病毒体Viroid 类病毒Virology 病毒学Virulence 毒力Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体Virus 病毒V.parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌WWall teichoic acid 壁磷壁酸Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应Widal reaction 肥达反应YYeast 酵母菌Yeast-Like fungus 类酵母菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌ZZones of inhibition 抑菌圈Zoonosis 动物源性疾病微生物学microbiology病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology系统细菌学systematic bacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学general microbilogy微生物分类学microbial taxonomy微生物生理学microbial physiology微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物生态学microbial ecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology 土壤微生物学soil microbiology水生微生物学aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学marine microbiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medical microbiology兽医微生物学veterinary microbiology农业微生物学agriculturalmicrobiology工业微生物学industrial microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microbiology食品微生物学food microbiology乳品微生物学diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会InternationalUnion of Microbiological Societies,IUMS中国微生物学会Chinese Society forMicrobiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会World Federationfor Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collectionof Microorganisms, CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, A TCC自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numerical taxonomy模式目type order模式科type family模式属type genus模式种type species模式株type strain真菌fungi捕食真菌predacious fungi虫道真菌ambrosia fungi地下真菌hypogeal fungi虫生真菌entomogenous fungi菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌wood-decay fungi霉菌mold, mould半知菌imperfect fungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slime mold, slime mould壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cup fungi块菌truffles锈菌rust fungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom酵母菌yeast无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts黑粉菌smut fungi双态性真菌dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfect fungi黑粉病smut disease 锈病rust disease菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium基内菌丝体substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium结节状菌丝nodular mycelium梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondary mycelium有隔菌丝septate hypha无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha#p#分页标题#e#生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium营养菌丝体vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体sterile mycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium产囊丝ascogenous hypha产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphal body盾状体clypeus子实体fruiting body产孢体gleba子实层体hymenophore子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphal fragment菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉孢子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合孢子柄zygosporophore孢囊柄sporangiophore配囊柄suspensor孢子梗sporophore分生孢子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germ pore芽管germ tube芽缝germ slit孢丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid[孢子]外壁exosporium外生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhiza刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生孢子盘acervulus分生孢子座sporodochium精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva孢子角cirrus孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print聚簇cluster[菌丝]融合anastomosis[孢子]切落abjunction[孢子]缢断abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism缢缩[作用] constriction粉孢子oidium孢子spore掷孢子ballistospore厚壁孢子chlamydospore环痕孢子annellospore节孢子arthrospore卷旋孢子helicospore腊肠形孢子allantospore孔出孢子porospore星形孢子staurospore线形孢子scolecospore砖格孢子dictyospore侧生孢子aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子phialospore无梗孢子thallospore分生孢子conidium大分生孢子macroconidium小分生孢子microconidium节分生孢子arthroconidium芽分生孢子blastoconidium器孢子pycnidiospore无隔孢子amerospore双胞孢子didymospore多隔孢子phragmospore休眠孢子hypnospore顶生孢子acrospore顶生厚壁孢子fuseau内分生孢子endoconidium担孢子basidiospore双孢担孢子dispore同形孢子isospore柄生孢子stylospore[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore产雄器孢子androspore锈孢子aeciospore夏孢子urediniospore, aeciospore 冬孢子teliospore四分孢子tetraspore粘孢子myxospore#p#分页标题#e# 多核孢子coenospore孢囊孢子sporangiospore子囊孢子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子器pycnidium孢[子]囊sporangium柱孢子囊merosporangium四分孢子囊tetrasporangium原孢子囊prosporangium多核孢子囊coenosporangium休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium子囊ascus接合孢子zygospore 拟接合孢子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus单囊壁子囊unitunicate ascus双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp孢囊果sporangiocarp[接]合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium原配子囊progametangium小孢子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm孢原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵孢子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖parasexuality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangial copulation交配型mating type全型holomorph夏孢子期uredostage冬孢子堆teleutosorus, telium夏孢子堆uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation孢子形成sporulation细菌bacteria薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria放线菌actinomycetes螺[旋]菌spirilla粘细菌slime bacteria鞘细菌sheathed bacteria柄细菌caulobacteria弧菌vibrio根瘤细菌root nodule bacteria硫酸盐还原菌sulfate reducting bacteria硫细菌sulfur bacteria铁细菌iron bacteria紫色无硫细菌purple nonsulfur bacteria产甲烷菌methanogen硝化细菌nitrobacteria反硝化细菌denitrifying bacteria固氮细菌nitrogen fixing bacteria#p#分页标题#e#甲基营养菌methylotrophic bacteria产乙酸菌acetogen同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenic bacteria光合作用细菌photosynthetic bacteria 产氢产乙酸细菌hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentative lactic bacteria异型发酵乳酸菌heterofermentative lactic bacteria产氢菌hydrogenogens产气菌aerogen不产气菌anaerogen发光细菌luminous bacteria产色细菌chromogenic bacteria化能异养菌chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能自养菌chemoautotrophic bacteria 光能异养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria 光能自养菌photoautotrophic bacteria 化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophic bacteria化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophic bacteria光能无机营养菌photolithotrophic bacteria有机营养菌organotrophic bacteria无机营养菌lithotrophic bacteria贫[营]养细菌oligotrophic bacteria一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophic bacteria自养菌autotrophic bacteria异养菌heterotrophic bacteria光养菌phototrophic bacteria需氧菌aerobe微需氧菌microaerobe耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria厌氧菌anaerobe兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe专性厌氧菌obligate anaerobe溶原性细菌lysogenic bacteria腐生菌saprophytic bacteria苛求菌fastidious microorganism极端细菌extreme bacteria嗜压菌barophilic bacteria嗜盐菌halophilic bacteria嗜铁菌siderophilic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌osmophilic bacteria微嗜氮菌oligonitrophilic bacteria嗜冷[细]菌psychrophilic bacteria嗜酸菌acidophilic bacteria嗜硫菌thiophilic bacteria中温菌mesophilic bacteria耐热细菌thermophilric bacteria氢营养菌hydrogenotrophic bacteria肠道细菌intestinal bacteria类菌体bacteroid细菌小体bacteriosome微生子gonidium蓝细菌cyanobacteria[蓝细菌]连锁体hormogonium类囊体thylakoid藻胆蛋白体phycobilisome静息孢子akinete滑行gliding异形[囊]胞heterocyst化学型chemotype化学变型chemovar血清型serotype血清变型serovar致病型pathotype致病变型pathovar生物型biotype生物变型biovar形态型morphotype形态变型morphovar革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria球菌coccus双球菌diplococcus四联球菌tetrads八叠球菌sarcina球杆菌coccobacillus杆菌rod双杆菌diplobacillus棒状菌corynebacteria[细菌]毛状体trichome单鞭毛菌monotricha周[鞭]毛菌peritricha丛[鞭]毛菌lophotricha两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrichate单端丛[鞭]毛菌cephalotricha滑行细菌gliding bacteria细菌L-型L-form of bacterium菌落colony酵母型菌落yeast type colony类酵母型菌落yeast like colony次生菌落secondary colony粗糙型菌落rough colony光滑型菌落smooth colony丝状型菌落filamentous type colony子菌落daughter colony深层菌落deep colony粘液型菌落mucoid colony#p#分页标题#e#巨大菌落giant colony侏儒型菌落dwarf colony菌苔lawn菌胶团zoogloea菌膜pellicle[菌]醭mycoderm, pellicle群游现象swarming菌柄stipe[菌体]附器appendage鞭毛flagellum周质鞭毛periplasmic flagella轴丝axial filament菌毛pilus性丝sex pilus外生孢子exospore内生孢子endospore芽孢spore芽孢形成sporulation终端芽孢terminal spore近端芽孢subterminal spore中生芽孢central spore前芽孢forespore[芽孢]皮层cortex芽孢外膜exitine芽孢内膜intine外壁exine伴胞晶体parasporal crystal菌蜕ghost鞘sheath荚膜capsule粘液层slime layer微荚膜microcapsule壁膜间隙periplasmic space原生质体protoplast原生质球spheroplast气泡gas vacuole甲烷粒体methanochondria间体mesosome载色体chromatophore鞭毛基体flagellar basal body异染质volutin异染粒matachromatic granules致死颗粒killer particle紫膜purple membrane噬菌体bacteriophage无囊盖类inoperculatae超显微微生物ultramicroscopic organism真菌噬菌体mycophage噬藻体phycophage烈性噬菌体virulent phage温和噬菌体temperate phage前原噬菌体preprophage原噬菌体prophage隐性前噬菌体cryptic prophage营养期噬菌体vegetative phage载体噬菌体carrier phageλ噬菌体lambda particles phage [可]诱导噬菌体inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体homoimmune phage 噬菌体分型bacteriophage typing噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar噬斑plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium[噬菌体]颈须whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilot protein[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiber antigen[噬菌体]顶体apex[噬菌体]基片插孔base-plate hub[噬菌体]基片丝base-plate fibril[噬菌体]基片楔突base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体concatemer[噬菌体]颈部collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体monster[噬菌体]颈圈connector[噬菌体]髓部core[噬菌体]头部head[噬菌体]尾部tail[噬菌体]尾管tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘tail sheath类病毒viroid病毒virus真病毒euvirus亚病毒subvirus原病毒provirus拟病毒virusoid卫星病毒satellite virus假型病毒pseudotype virus慢病毒slow virus辅助病毒helper virus过客病毒passenger virus多分体病毒multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒entomopox virus, EPV 颗粒体症病毒granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒nuclear polyhedrosisvirus, NPV质型多角体病毒cytoplasmicpolyhedrosis virus,CPV多粒包埋型病毒multiple embeddedvirus单粒包埋型病毒singly embedded virus伴随病毒associated virus浓核病毒densovirus,DNV内源病毒endogenous virus潜伏病毒latent virus肠道病毒enterovirus艾柯病毒ECHO virus虫媒病毒arbovirus腺病毒adenovirus#p#分页标题#e#腺伴随病毒adeno associated virus真菌病毒mycovirus肿瘤病毒oncovirus逆[转]录病毒retro virus坏死病毒necrosis virus虹彩病毒irido virus泛嗜性病毒pantropic virus毒株strain原[生小]体elementary body包含体inclusion body顾氏小体Guarnieri's bodies内氏小体Negri's body病毒[粒]体virion裸露病毒[粒]体naked virion假病毒体pseudovirion立体对称cubical symmetry二十面体对称icosahedral symmetry螺旋对称helical symmetry[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons复合对称complex symmetry包膜突起peplomerbody包膜envelope, peplos蛋白质包膜protein envelope[病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen[病毒]壳体capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer, capsomere二十面[体]壳体icosahedron capsid核心core核壳nucleocapsid病毒原质体viroplasma病毒束virus bundle多角体polyhedron多角体蛋白polyhedrin颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin类核nucleoid内含颗粒inclusion granuleX体X-body[病毒]早期蛋白early protein[病毒]晚期蛋白late protein负链negative strand正链positive strand复制子replicon病毒发生基质virogenic stroma衣原体chlamydia[衣原体]始体initial body立克次氏体rickettsia假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖peptidoglycan磷壁酸teichoic acid胞壁酸muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinic acid, DPA脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides多糖包被glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白flagellin菌毛蛋白pilin杀白细胞素leucocidin豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻青素cyanophycin藻蓝素algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素phycobilin藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素carotenoids细菌淀粉粒granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxybutyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcal proteinA, SPA纯化蛋白衍生物purified proteinderivative, PPD[葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶permease胞内酶intracellular enzyme胞外酶extracellular enzyme果胶酶pectinase逆[转]录酶reverse transcriptase凝固酶coagulase受体破坏酶receptor destroying enzyme,RDE透明质酸酶hyaluronidase纤维素酶cellulase链道酶streptodornase,SD链激酶streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶neuraminidase青霉素酶penicillinase溶菌酶lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll 自溶素autolysin亲菌素bacteriotropin攻击素aggressin抑殖素ablastin粘附素adhesin菌红素bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素prodigiosus toxin细菌素bacteriocin麻风菌素lepromin葡萄球菌素staphylococcin伞菌氨酸agarfitine苏云金菌素thuricin#p#分页标题#e# 肠球菌素enterococcin布氏菌素brucellin大肠菌素colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素syringacin黄色粘球菌素xanthacin链球菌素streptocin流产菌素abortin绿脓[菌]素pyocyanin红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin 绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein白喉毒素diphtheria toxin杯伞素clitocybine白细胞溶素leucolysin表皮溶解毒素epidermolytic toxin产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin肠毒素enterotoxin毒蝇碱muscarine肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽phalloidin根霉蝶呤rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumolysin黑粉菌酸ustilagic acid分枝菌酸mycolic acid齿孔酸eburicoic acid根霉促进素rhizopin蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinic acid红斑毒素erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin 菌丝酰胺mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素staphylolysin真菌毒素mycotoxin曲霉毒素aspertoxin赭曲毒素ochratoxin曲酸kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素tetanospasmin溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin溶血素hemolysin鼠疫菌素pesticin神经毒素neurotoxin杀[细]菌素bactericidin外毒素exotoxin内毒素endotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotoxin血凝素hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素sterigmatocystin毒植物素phytotoxin真菌醇mykol链球菌溶血素streptolysin剥脱性毒素exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein[放线菌]土臭味素geosmins土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis生物转化bioconversion生长因子growth factor420 因子factor 420V 因子V factorX 因子X factor辅酶M coenzyme M微量营养micronutrient特需营养要求型idiotroph微[量]动[力]作用oligodynamic action抗代谢物antimetabolites索状因子cord factor异株克生物质allelopathic substances光能无机营养photolithotrophy光能有机营养photoorganotrophy化能无机营养chemolithotrophy化能有机营养chemoorganotrophy光营养phototrophy兼性营养amphitrophy腐生营养saprophytic nutrition甲基营养methylotrophy化能营养chemotrophy自养autotrophy光能自养photoautotrophy化能自养chemoautotrophy半自养mesotrophy异养heterotrophy氮平衡nitrogen balance碳平衡carbon balance磷平衡phosphorus balance同化作用assimilation异化作用dissimilation氨化作用ammonification硝化作用nitrification反硝化作用denitrification固氮作用nitrogen fixation非共生固氮作用asymbiotic nitrogenfixation光同化作用photo-assimilation巴氏效应Pasteur effect葡萄糖效应glucose effect种间分子氢转移interspecies H transfer发酵fermentation发酵[能]力fermentation capacity可发酵性fermentability同型发酵homofermentation异型发酵heterofermentation厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸anaerobic respiration厌氧生活anaerobiosis需氧呼吸aerobic respiration需氧生活aerobiosis反馈抑制feed back inhibition内源变量endogenenous variable异养潜能heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作用hypholytic action溶菌作用bacteriolysis费氏[溶菌]现象Pfeiffer's phenomenon自溶[现象] autolysis裂殖schizogenesis芽殖budding二分分裂binary fission不等分裂unequal fission断裂fragmentation复分裂multiple fission隐蔽期eclipse period比生长速率specific growth rate同步生长synchronous growth双峰生长曲线diauxie growth curve延滞期lag phase一步生长[曲线] one step growth时间-存活曲线time-survival curve倍增时间doubling time指数生长exponential growth衰亡期decline phase稳定期stationary phase。

微生物英汉对照

Lactobacillus （Lactic Acid Bacteria /LAB）乳酸菌Lactobacillus casei 干酪乳杆菌（凯氏乳杆菌）Lactobacillus plantarum 植物乳杆菌spray drying 喷雾干燥1actic acid bacterium expolysacchafides / LAB EPS 乳酸菌胞外多糖Lactobacillus rhamnosus 鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus paracasei 副干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus reuteri 罗伊氏乳杆菌Lactobacillus Fermentum 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus Acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌L.brevis 短乳杆菌L. Curvatus 弧形乳杆菌Lactobacillus bifermentans 双发酵乳杆菌L. delbrueckii bulgaricus 德式保加利亚乳杆菌Lactobacillus bulgaricus 保加利亞乳桿菌L. HelveticusL. JohnsoniiLeuconostoc mesenteroides 肠膜明串珠菌Lactobacillus vaccinostercus 牛痘乳杆菌lactobacillus sakei 沙克乳杆菌Lactobacillus sakei 米酒乳杆菌Lactococcus sp./Lc. pisciumCarnobacterium sp./Car. divergensLactobacillus.helveticu 瑞士乳杆菌Bifidobacterium sp. 双歧杆菌（或比菲德氏菌）Carnobacterium - 肉杆菌属Carnobacterium alterfunditum - 类湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium divergens - 广布肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 沉积层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 底层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium gallinarum - 鸡肉杆菌Carnobacterium gingivalis - Carnobacterium ochraceusCarnobacterium mobile - 活动肉杆菌Carnobacterium mobile - 疏松肉杆菌Clostridium perfringens 產氣莢模桿菌Clostridium difficile 梭胞桿菌Candida albicans 白色念珠菌屬Escherichia coli 病原性大腸桿菌enterocins伏尔加霉素Listeria 李士德菌屬Pediococcus pentosaceus 戊糖片球菌Pseudomonas 假單胞菌屬／帚狀菌屬Streptococcus thermophilus 嗜高溫鏈球菌Salmonella typhimurium 傷寒桿菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黃色葡萄球菌Weissella - 魏斯氏菌属Weissella confusa - 融合乳杆菌Weissella confusa - 融合魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐乳杆菌Weissella hellenica - 赫伦魏斯氏菌Weissella kandleri - 坎德勒氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏魏斯氏菌Weissella minor - 稍小乳杆菌目前普遍認為的乳酸菌已由早期的四個屬再細分及擴充為下列十一個屬：(1)乳酸桿菌屬(Lactobacillus)(2)明串球菌屬(Leuconostoc)(3)鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus)(4)足球菌屬(Pediococcus)(5)有孢子乳酸菌(Sporolactobacillus)(6)腸球菌屬(Enterococcus)(7)乳酸球菌屬(Lactococcus)(8)肉品桿菌屬(Carnobacterium)(9)徘徊球菌屬(Vagococcus)(10)四體球菌(Tetragenococcus)(11)雙歧桿菌屬(Bifidobacterium)··生物梅里埃细菌英中文对照表AAbiotrophia adjacens 毗邻贫养菌Abiotrophia defective 软弱贫养菌Achromobacter spp 无色杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter /Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter baumannii 鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 醋酸钙不动杆菌Acinetobacter haemolyticus 溶血不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii 约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii 琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii 鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter radioresistens 抗辐射不动杆菌Acinetobacter spp 不动杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 伴放线放线杆菌Actinomyces israelii 衣氏放线菌Actinomyces meyeri 麦氏放线菌Actinomyces naeslundii 内氏放线菌Actinomyces neuii anitratus 纽氏放线菌无硝亚种Actinomyces neuii neuii 纽氏放线菌纽氏亚种Actinomyces neuii radingae 纽氏放线菌罗亚种Actinomyces neuii turicensis 纽氏放线菌图列茨亚种Actinomyces odontolyticus 龋齿放线菌Actinomyces viscosus 粘放线菌Aerococcus viridans 绿浅气球菌Aeromonas caviae 豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila 嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila gr. 嗜水气单胞菌群Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes 杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种Aeromonas sobria 温和气单胞菌Agrobacterium radiobacter 放射形土壤杆菌Alcaligenes denitrificans 反硝化产碱菌Alcaligenes faecalis 粪产碱菌Alcaligenes spp 产碱菌属某些种Alcaligenes xylosoxidans 木糖氧化产碱菌Alloiococcus otitis 耳炎差异球菌Anaerobiospirllum succiniproducens 产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌Arachnia propionica 丙酸蛛菌Arcanobacterium bernardiae 伯纳德隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 溶血隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes 化脓隐秘杆菌Arcobacter cryaerohoilus 嗜低温弓形杆菌Arthrobacter spp 节杆菌属某些种BBacteroides caccae 粪拟杆菌Bacteroides capillosus 多毛拟杆菌Bacteroides eggerthii 埃氏拟杆菌Bacteroides fragilis 脆弱拟杆菌Bacteroides levii 利氏拟杆菌Bacteroides merdae 屎拟杆菌Bacteroides ovatus 卵形拟杆菌Bacteroides stercoris 粪便拟杆菌Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 多形拟杆菌Bacteroides uniformis 单形拟杆菌Bacteroides ureolyticus 解脲拟杆菌Bacteroides vulgatus 普通拟杆菌Bergeyella zoohelcum 动物溃疡伯格菌Bifidobacterium adolescentis 青春双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium bifidum 双岐双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium breve 短双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium dentium 齿双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium infantis 婴儿双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium spp 双岐杆菌属某些种Bordetella avium 鸟博德特菌Bordetella bronchiseptica 支气管炎博德特菌Bordetella spp 博德特菌属某些种Branhamella catarrhalis 粘膜炎布兰汉球菌Brevendimonas diminuta 缺陷短波单胞菌Brevendimonas vesicularis 泡囊短波单胞菌Brevibacterium casei 乳酪短杆菌Brevibacterium epidermidis 表皮短杆菌Brevibacterium spp 短杆菌属某些种Brucella spp 布鲁菌属某些种Budvicia aquatica 水生布戴约维采菌Burkholderia cepacia 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia diminuta 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia gladioli 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia pseudomallei 类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌Buttiauxella agrestis 乡间布丘菌CCampylobacter coli 大肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter fetus fetus 胚胎弯曲杆菌胚胎亚种Campylobacter fetus venerealis 胚胎弯曲杆菌性病亚种Campylobacter hyointestinalis 豚肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter jejuni doylei 空肠弯曲杆菌德莱亚种Campylobacter jejuni jejuni 空肠弯曲杆菌空肠亚种Campylobacter lari 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌Campylobacter lari UPTC 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌UPTC变种Campylobacter mucosalis 粘膜弯曲杆菌Campylobacter sputorrum bubulus 唾液弯曲杆菌牛生物变种Campylobacter sputorrum fecalis 唾液弯曲杆菌粪生物变种Campylobacter upsaliensis 乌普萨拉弯曲杆菌Candida albicans 白假丝酵母Candida boidinii 博伊丁假丝酵母Candida catenulata 链状假丝酵母Candida ciferrii 西弗假丝酵母Candida colliculosa 软假丝酵母Candida curvata 弯假丝酵母Candida dattila dattila 假丝酵母Candida drusei 克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida dubliniensis 杜氏假丝酵母Candida famata 无名假丝酵母Candida glabrata 光滑假丝酵母Candida globosa 球形假丝酵母Candida guilliermondii 高里假丝酵母Candida hellenical (=C. steatolytica) Candida holmii 霍氏假丝酵母Candida inconspicua 平常假丝酵母Candida intermedia 中间假丝酵母Candida kefyr 乳酒假丝酵母Candida krusei 克柔假丝酵母Candida lambica 郎比可假丝酵母Candida lipolytica 解脂假丝酵母Candida lusitaniae 葡萄牙假丝酵母Candida magnoliae 木兰假丝酵母Candida melibiosica 口津假丝酵母Candida membranaefaciens 璞膜假丝酵母Candida norvegensis 挪威假丝酵母Candida norvegica norvegica 假丝酵母Candida parapsilosis 近平滑假丝酵母Candida pelliculosa 菌膜假丝酵母Candida pulcherrima 铁红假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱落假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱褶假丝酵母Candida sake 清酒假丝酵母Candida silvicola 森林假丝酵母Candida sphaerica 园球形假丝酵母Candida tropicalis 热带假丝酵母Candida utilis 产朊假丝酵母Candida valida 粗状假丝酵母Candida zeylanoides 诞沫假丝酵母Capnocytophaga gingivalis 牙龈二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga ochracea 黄褐二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga spp 二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属某些种Capnocytophaga sputigena 生痰二氧化碳嗜纤维菌CDC gruop IV C-2 CDC菌群IV C-2Cedecea davisae 戴氏西地西菌Cedecea lapagei 拉氏西地西菌Cedecea neteri 奈氏西地西菌Cedecea spp 西地西菌属某些种Cellulomonas spp 纤维单胞菌属某些种Cellulomonas turbata 特氏纤维单胞菌Ceotruchum candidum 假丝地霉Ceotruchum capitatum 头状地霉Ceotruchum fermenfans 发酵地霉Ceotruchum penicillatum 潘氏地霉Ceotruchum spp 地霉菌属某些种Chromobacterium violaceum 紫色色杆菌Chryseobacterium indologenes 产吲哚金黄杆菌Chryseobacterium meningosepticum 脑膜脓毒性金黄杆菌Chryseomonas luteola 浅黄金色单胞菌Citrobacter amalonaticua 无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter braakii 布氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter farmeri 法氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii group 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌群Citrobacter koseri 柯氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri 克氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri (= C.diversus) 克氏柠檬酸杆菌（=差异柠檬酸杆菌）Citrobacter koseri/amalonaticus 克氏/无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter youngae 杨氏柠檬酸杆菌Clostridium acetobutylicum 丙酮丁醇梭杆菌Clostridium barati 巴氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii 拜氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii /butyricum 拜氏/丁酸梭菌Clostridium bifermentans 双酶梭菌Clostridium botlinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridium butyricum 丁酸梭菌Clostridium cadaveris 尸毒梭菌Clostridium clostridiiforme 梭状梭菌Clostridium difficile 艰难梭菌Clostridium fallax 谲诈梭菌Clostridium glycolicum 乙二醇梭菌Clostridium hastiforme 矛形梭菌Clostridium histolyticum 溶组织梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害芽胞梭菌Clostridium limosum 泥渣梭菌Clostridium paraputrificum 类腐败梭菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridium ramosum 多枝梭菌Clostridium septicum 败毒梭菌Clostridium sordellii 索氏梭菌Clostridium sporogenes 生孢梭菌Clostridium spp 梭菌属某些种Clostridium subterminale 近端梭菌Clostridium tertium 第三梭菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridium tyrobutyricum 酪丁酸梭菌Comamonas acidovorans 食酸丛毛单胞菌Comamonas spp 丛毛单胞菌属某些种Comonas testosteroni 睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌Corynebacterium accolens 拥挤棒杆菌Corynebacterium afermentans 非发酵棒杆菌Corynebacterium amycolatum 无枝菌酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium aquaticum 水生棒杆菌Corynebacterium argentoratense 银色棒杆菌Corynebacterium auris 耳棒杆菌Corynebacterium bovis 牛棒杆菌Corynebacterium cystitidis 膀胱炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae belfanti Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis 重白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis 缓和白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum 解葡萄糖苷Corynebacterium group F- 1 F-1群棒杆菌Corynebacterium group G G群棒杆菌Corynebacterium jeikeium 杰氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium kutscher 库氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium macginleyi 麦氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium minutissimum 极小棒杆菌Corynebacterium pilosum 多毛棒杆菌Corynebacterium propinquum 丙酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 假白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 假结核棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale group 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌群Corynebacterium seminale 生殖棒杆菌Corynebacterium striatum 纹带棒杆菌Corynebacterium ulcerans 溃疡棒杆菌Corynebacterium urealyticum 解脲棒杆菌Cryptococcus albidus 浅白隐球酵母Cryptococcus humicola 土生隐球菌Cryptococcus humicolus 土生隐球酵母Cryptococcus laurentii 罗伦隐球酵母Cryptococcus neoformans 新型隐球酵母Cryptococcus terreus 地生隐球酵母Cryptococcus uniguttulatus 指甲隐球酵母Cryytococcus neoformans 白地霉DDebaryomyces polymorphus 多形德巴利酵母菌Dermabacter hominis 人皮肤杆菌Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis 西宫皮肤球菌Dietzia spp 迪茨菌属某些种EEdwardsiella hoshinae 保科爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda 迟钝爱德华菌Eikenella corrodens 啮蚀艾肯菌Enterobacter aerogenes 产气肠杆菌Enterobacter amnigenus 河生肠杆菌Enterobacter asburiae 阿氏肠杆菌Enterobacter cancerogenus 生癌肠杆菌Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Enterobacter gergoviae 日沟维肠杆菌Enterobacter intermedius 中间肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazakii 阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter spp 肠杆菌属某些种Enterococcus avium 鸟肠球菌Enterococcus casselifavus 铅黄肠球菌Enterococcus durans 耐久肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis 粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium 屎肠球菌Enterococcus gallinarum 鹑鸡肠球菌Enterococcus hirae 海氏肠球菌Enterococcus saccharolyticus 解糖肠球菌Erwinia spp 欧文菌属某些种Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 猪红斑丹毒丝菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Escherichia fergusonii 费格森埃希菌Escherichia hermannii 赫氏埃希菌Escherichia vulneris 伤口埃希菌Eubacterium aerofaciens 产气真杆菌Eubacterium lentum 迟缓真杆菌Eubacterium limosum 粘液真杆菌Ewingella americana 美洲爱文菌FFlavimonas oryzihabitans 栖稻黄色单胞菌Fusobacterium mortiferum 死亡梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrogenes 坏疽梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrophorum 坏死梭杆菌Fusobacterium nucleatum 具核梭杆菌Fusobacterium varium 可变梭杆菌GGardnerella vaginalis 阴道加德纳氏菌Gemella haemolysans 溶血孪生球菌Gemella mobillorum 麻疹孪生球菌Geotrichum candidum 白地霉Geotrichum capitatum 头状地霉Geotrichum penicillatum 帚状地霉Gordona spp 戈登菌属某些种HHaemophilus aphrophilus 嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae I 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus influenzae II 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus influenzae III 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus influenzae IV 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus influenzae V 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus influenzae VI 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus influenzae VII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus influenzae VIII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae 副流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus parainfluenzae I 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae II 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae III 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae IV 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae V 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VI 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VIII 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus paraphrophilus 副嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus somnus 睡眠嗜血杆菌Hafinia alvei 蜂房哈夫尼亚菌Hansenula polymorpha 多形汉逊酵母Hansenula saturnus 土星汉逊酵母Helicobacter cinaedi 同性恋螺杆菌Helicobacter fennelliae 芬纳尔螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌KKlebsiella ornithinolytica 解鸟氨酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella oxytoca 产酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella planticola 植生克雷伯菌Klebsiella pneumonia ozaenae 肺炎克雷伯菌臭鼻亚种Klebsiella pneumonia rhinoscleromatis 肺炎克雷伯菌鼻硬结亚种Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种Klebsiella terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kloeckera apiculata 柠檬克勒克酵母Kloeckera apis 蜜蜂克勒克酵母Kloeckera japonica 日本克勒克酵母Kloeckera spp 克勒克酵母某些种Kluyvera ascorbata 抗坏血酸克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera cryocrescens 栖冷克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera spp 克吕沃尔菌属某些种Kluyvera terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kocuria kristinae 克氏库克菌Kocuria roseus (=Micrococcus roseus) 玫瑰色库克菌（=玫瑰色微球菌）Kocuria varians (=Micrococcus varians) 变异库克菌（=变异微球菌）Koserella trabulsii 特氏科泽菌Kytococcus sedentaruis 不动盖球菌LLactobacillus acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus fermentium 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus jensenii 詹氏乳杆菌Lactococcus garvieae 格氏乳球菌Lactococcus lactis cremoris 乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种Lactococcus lactis lactis 乳酸乳球菌乳亚种Lactococcus raffinolactis 棉子糖乳球菌Leclercia adcarboxglata 非脱羧勒克菌Leptotrichia buccalis 口腔纤毛菌Leuconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种Listeria grayi 格氏利斯特菌Listeria innocua 无害利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 伊氏利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 依氏利斯特菌Listeria monocytogenes 单核细胞增生利斯特菌Listeria seeligeri 斯氏利斯特菌Listeria spp 利斯特菌属某些种Listeria welshimeri 威氏利斯特菌Listeria welshimeri 魏氏利斯特菌Luconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种MMicrobacterium spp 微小杆菌属某些种Micrococcus luteus 滕黄微球菌Micrococcus lylae 莱拉微球菌Micrococcus lylae 里拉微球菌Micrococcus spp 微球菌属某些种Mobiluncus curtisii 克氏动弯杆菌Mobiluncus mulieris 羞怯动弯杆菌Mobiluncus spp 动弯杆菌属某些种Moellerella spp 米勒菌属某些种Moellerella wisconsensis 威斯康星米勒菌Moraxella lacunata 腔隙莫拉菌Moraxella nonliquefaciens 非液化莫拉菌Moraxella osloensis 奥斯陆莫拉菌Moraxella spp 莫拉菌属某些种Morganella morganii 摩氏摩根菌NNeisseria cinerea 灰色奈瑟球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟球菌Neisseria lactamica 乳糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟球菌Neisseria mucosa 粘液奈瑟球菌Neisseria polysaccharea 多糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria sicca 干燥奈瑟球菌Neisseria spp 奈瑟菌属某些种Neisseria subflava 微黄奈瑟球菌Nocardia spp 奴卡菌属某些种OOchrobactrum anthropi 人苍白杆菌Oerskovia spp 厄氏菌属某些种Oerskovia xanthineolytica 溶黄嘌呤厄菌Oligella ureolytica 解脲寡源杆菌Oligella urethralis 尿道寡源杆菌PPantoea spp 泛菌属某些种Pasteurella aerogenes 产气巴斯德菌Pasteurella gr.EF4 巴斯德菌群EF4Pasteurella haemolytica 溶血巴斯德菌Pasteurella multocida 多杀巴斯德菌Pasteurella pneumotropica 侵肺巴斯德菌Pasteurella spp 巴斯德菌属某些种Peptococcus niger 黑色消化球菌Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 厌氧消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus 不解糖消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 产吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus magnus 大消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus micros 微小消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus prevotii 普氏消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus spp 消化链球菌属某些种Photobacterium damsela 美人鱼发光杆菌Pichia carsonii 卡氏毕赤酵母Pichia etchellsii 埃切毕赤酵母Pichia farinosa 粉状毕赤酵母Pichia ohmeri 奥默毕赤酵母Pichia spartinae 斯巴达克毕赤酵母Plesimonas shigelloides 类志贺邻单胞菌Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 不解糖卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas endodontalis 牙髓卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas gingivalis 牙龈卟啉单胞菌Prevotella bivia 二路普雷沃尔菌Prevotella buccae 颊普雷沃菌Prevotella buccalis 口颊普雷沃菌Prevotella denticola 栖牙普雷沃菌Prevotella disiens 解糖胨普雷沃菌Prevotella intermedia 中间普雷沃菌Prevotella loescheii 洛氏普雷沃菌Prevotella melaninogenica 产黑色普雷沃菌Prevotella oralis 口腔普雷沃菌Prevotella oris(=Bacteroides oris) 口普雷沃菌(=口拟杆菌) Propionibacterium acnes 疮疱丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium avidum 贪婪丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium granulosum 颗粒丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium propionicum 丙酸丙酸杆菌Proteus mirabilis 奇异变形杆菌Proteus penneri 彭氏变形杆菌Proteus vuigaris 普通变形杆菌Prototheca wickerhamii 魏氏原壁菌Providencia alcalifaciens 产碱普罗威登斯菌Providencia rettgeri 雷氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia rustigianii 拉氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii 斯氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii/ alcalifaciens 司氏/产碱普罗威登斯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes 产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina 门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 假产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas spp 假单胞菌属某些种Pseudomonas sputita 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri 施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonsa aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonsa fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonsa pseudomallei 类鼻疽假单胞菌Pseudomonsa putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonsa spp 假单胞菌属某些种RRahnella aquatilis 水生拉恩菌Rhodococcus spp 红球菌属某些种Rhodotorula glutinis 红酵母Rhodotorula glutinis 粘红酵母Rhodotorula minuta 小红酵母Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 粘质红酵母Rothia dentocariosa 龋齿罗菌SSaccharomyces cerevisiae 酿酒酵母Saccharomyces kluyverii 克鲁费酵母Salmonella arizonae 亚利桑那沙门菌Salmonella choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙门菌Salmonella enteritidis 肠炎沙门菌Salmonella gallinarum 鸡沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi B 乙型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella pullorum 鸡白痢沙门菌Salmonella spp 沙门菌属某些种Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门菌Serratia ficaria 无花果沙雷菌Serratia fonticola 居泉沙雷菌Serratia liquefaciens 液化沙雷菌Serratia marcescens 粘质沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 气味沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 1 气味沙雷菌1型Serratia odorifera 2 气味沙雷菌2型Serratia plymuthica 普城沙雷菌Serratia proteamaculans 变形斑沙雷菌Serratia putrefaciens 腐败沙雷菌Serratia rubidaea 深红沙雷菌Shewanella putrefaciens 腐败希瓦菌Shigella bogdii 鲍氏志贺菌Shigella dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌Shigella flexneri 弗氏志贺菌Shigella sonnei 索氏志贺菌Shigella spp 志贺菌属某些种Sphingobacterium multivorum 多食鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium Spiritivovum 嗜神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium spiritovorum 食神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingomonas paucimobilis 少动鞘氨醇单胞菌Sporobolomyces salmonicolor 赭色掷孢酵母Staphylococcus arlettae 阿尔莱特葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus auricularis 耳葡萄球菌Staphylococcus capitis 头状葡萄球菌Staphylococcus caprae 山羊葡萄球菌Staphylococcus carnosus 肉葡萄球菌Staphylococcus chromogenes 产色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii 科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum 科氏葡萄球菌解脲亚种Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Staphylococcus equorum 马胃葡萄球菌Staphylococcus gallinarum 鸡葡萄球菌Staphylococcus haemolyticus 溶血葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hominis 人葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hyicus 猪葡萄球菌Staphylococcus intermedius 中间葡萄球菌Staphylococcus kloosii 克氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lentus 缓慢葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lugdunensis 路邓葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saccharolylicus 解糖葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saprophyticus 腐生葡萄球菌Staphylococcus schleiferi 施氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sciuri 松鼠葡萄球菌Staphylococcus simulans 模仿葡萄球菌Staphylococcus warneri 沃氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus xylosus 木糖葡萄球菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦寡养食单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stomatococcus mucilaginosus 粘滑口腔球菌Streptococcus acidominimus 少酸链球菌Streptococcus agalactiae 无乳链球菌Streptococcus alactolyticus 非解乳糖链球菌Streptococcus anginosus 咽峡炎链球菌Streptococcus bovis I 牛链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus bovis II 牛链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus canis 狗链球菌Streptococcus constellatus 星座链球菌Streptococcus downei 汗毛链球菌Streptococcus dysgalactiae 停乳链球菌停乳亚种Streptococcus dysgalactiae equlsimilis 停乳链球菌似马亚种Streptococcus equi equi 马链球菌马亚种Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus 马链球菌兽瘟亚种Streptococcus equinus 马肠链球菌Streptococcus gordonii 格氏链球菌Streptococcus gr L L群链球菌Streptococcus intermadius 中间链球菌Streptococcus mitis 缓症链球菌Streptococcus mutans 变异链球菌Streptococcus oralis 口腔链球菌Streptococcus parasanguis 副血链球菌Streptococcus penumoniae 肺炎链球菌Streptococcus porcinus 豕链球菌Streptococcus pyogenes 化脓链球菌Streptococcus salivarius salivarius 唾液链球菌唾液亚种Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus 唾液链球菌嗜热亚种Streptococcus sanguis 血链球菌Streptococcus sobrinus 表兄链球菌Streptococcus suis I 猪链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus suis II 猪链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus uberis 乳房链球菌Streptococcus vestibularis 前庭链球菌TTatumella ptyseos 痰塔特姆菌Trichosporon asahii 阿氏丝孢酵母Trichosporon asteroides 星状丝孢酵母Trichosporon inkin 墨汁丝孢酵母Trichosporon mucoides 粘性丝孢酵母Trichosporon ovoides 卵形丝孢酵母Trichosporon spp 丝孢酵母某些种VVeillonella parvula 小韦荣球菌Veillonella spp 韦荣氏球菌属某些种Versinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Versinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Vibrio alginolyiicus 解藻朊酸弧菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 弗氏弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 河流孤菌Vibrio hollisae 霍氏弧菌Vibrio metschnikovi 梅氏弧菌Vibrio mimicus 最小弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus 副溶血弧菌Vibrio vulnficus 创伤弧菌WWeeksella virosa 有毒威克斯菌Weeksella zoohelcum 动物溃疡威克斯菌YYersinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia frederiksenii 弗氏耶尔森菌Yersinia intermedia 中间耶尔森菌Yersinia kristensenii 克氏耶尔森菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Yersinia ruckeri 鲁氏耶尔森菌ZZygosaccharomyces spp 接合酵母属某些种。

微生物专业术语英语

杂色曲霉素 A versicolorin A[孢子]切落 abjunction抑殖素 ablastin流产菌素 abortin[孢子]缢断 abstriction分生孢子盘 acervulus醋化作用 acetification产乙酸菌 acetogen消色差透镜achromatic lens抗酸细菌染色法 acid-fast staining酸化作用 acidification 嗜酸菌acidophilic bacteria拉霉素 aclacinomycin顶生孢子 acrospore放线酮actidione, cycloheximide放线菌 actinomycetes放线菌素 actinomycin活性污泥 activated sludge活性干酵母active dry yeast腺伴随病毒adeno associated virus腺病毒 adenovirus粘附素 adhesin阿霉素 adriamycin锈孢子 aeciospore锈子器 aecium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium需氧菌 aerobe需氧培养aerobic cultivation需氧呼吸aerobic respiration需氧生活 aerobiosis 产气菌 aerogen趋氧性 aerotaxis耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria粘菌体 aethalium黄曲霉毒素 aflatoxin琼脂 agar琼脂平板 agar plate琼脂斜面 agar slant伞菌氨酸 agarfitine蘑菇素 agaricin蘑菇酸 agaricinic acid攻击素 aggressin攻击力 aggressivity陈酿化 aging农业微生物学 agricultural microbiology土壤杆菌素 agrobacteriocin静息孢子 akinete阿氏染色Albert‘s staining侧生孢子 aleuriospore藻蓝素algocyan, leucocyan 腊肠形孢子 allantospore异株克生物质 allelopathic substances异种克生[现象] allelopathy别藻蓝素 allophycocyanin 虫道真菌 ambrosia fungi氨丁苷菌素 ambutyrosin 偏害共栖 amensalism美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, ATCC无隔孢子 amerospore埃姆斯试验 Ames test氨化作用 ammonification两端单[鞭]毛菌 amphitrichate兼性营养 amphitrophy两性霉素 amphotericin阿明露法 amylo process 厌氧菌 anaerobe厌氧培养室anaerobic chamber厌氧培养anaerobic cultivation厌氧消化anaerobic digestion 厌氧呼吸anaerobic respiration厌氧生活 anaerobiosis不产气菌 anaerogen无性型 anamorph[菌丝]融合 anastomosis雄配子 androgamete雄核发育 androgenesis雄器柄 androphore产雄器孢子 androspore环痕孢子 annellospore菌环 annulus无氧光细菌 anoxyphotobacteria安丝菌素 ansamitocin拮抗作用 antagonism抗蠕霉素 anthelmycin雄器 antheridium抗菌剂antibacterial agent抗生素 antibiotic抗生谱antibiotic spectrum抗白喉血清 antidiphtheric serum 消泡剂 antifoam agent抗真菌剂 antifungal agent抗原性漂移antigenic drift抗原性转变antigenic shift抗溶[菌]素 antilysin抗代谢物 antimetabolites抗微生物剂 antimicrobial agent抗霉素 antimycin防腐 antisepsis防腐剂 antiseptic抗血清 antiserum抗毒素 antitoxin[噬菌体]顶体 apex[噬菌体]顶部壳粒 apical capsomere顶体 apicle除疟霉素 aplasmomycin全消色差透镜 apochromatic lens无配生殖 apogamy无融合生殖 apomixis 囊托 apophysis子囊盘 apothecium[菌体]附器 appendage阿泊拉霉素 apramycin水生微生物学 aquatic microbiology虫媒病毒 arbovirus古细菌 archaebacteria古始生物界 archetista流通蒸汽灭菌器 Arnold steam sterilizor节分生孢子 arthroconidium节孢子 arthrospore子囊果 ascocarp产囊丝 ascogenous hypha产囊体 ascogonium子囊菌 ascomycetes子囊孢子 ascospore子囊孢子形成 ascosporulation子囊座 ascostroma子囊 ascus无菌操作aseptic technique曲霉菌素 aspergillin 曲霉毒素 aspertoxin无孢子酵母菌 asporogenous yeasts[病毒]装配 assembly同化作用 assimilation伴随病毒 associated virus非共生固氮作用 asymbiotic nitrogen fixation减毒株 attenuated strain减毒作用 attenuation高压灭菌器 autoclave高压灭菌 autoclaving自身接种 autoinoculation自溶素 autolysin自溶[现象] autolysis自动气锁 automaticairlock自养菌 autotrophic bacteria自养演替 autotrophic succession自养 autotrophy自身疫苗 autovaccine自身菌苗 autovaccine 生长谱 auxanogram生长谱测定[法] auxanography营养缺陷型 auxotroph除虫菌素 avermectin纯性培养 axeniccultivation纯性培养物 axenic culture 轴丝 axial filament固氮菌剂 azotogen拟接合孢子 azygospore单性合子 azygote葡萄球菌 A蛋白staphylococcal protein A, SPA 杆菌肽 bacitracin菌血症 bacteremia细菌 bacteria菌落计数器bacterial colony counter菌苗 bacterial vaccine细菌毒力bacterial virulence杀细菌剂 bactericide杀[细]菌素 bactericidin[细]菌[叶]绿素 bacteriochlorophyll 细菌素 bacteriocin菌红素 bacterioerythrin细菌荧光素 bacteriofluorescein细菌学 bacteriology溶菌作用 bacteriolysis溶[细]菌反应 bacteriolytic reaction 噬菌体 bacteriophage噬菌体分型 bacteriophage typing噬菌体学 bacteriophagology菌紫素 bacteriopurpurin[细菌]紫膜质 bacteriorhodopsin细菌小体 bacteriosome 抑菌作用 bacteriostasis 抑菌剂 bacteriostat细菌毒素 bacteriotoxin 亲菌素 bacteriotropin 类菌体 bacteroid掷孢子 ballistospore嗜压菌 barophilic bacteria [噬菌体]基片丝 base-plate fibril[噬菌体]基片插孔 base-plate hub[噬菌体]基片楔突 base-plate wedge基础培养基 basic medium担子果 basidiocarp担子菌 basidiomycetes担子体 basidiophore担孢子 basidiospore担子 basidium分批培养 batchcultivation[罐]批发酵 batch fermentation卡介苗 BCG vaccine豆芽汁培养基 bean sprouts medium牛肉汁 beef broth牛肉膏 beef extract双环霉素 bicyclomycin二分分裂 binary fission双目显微镜binocular microscope生物测定 bioassay 生化培养基biochemical medium生物转化 bioconversion沼气 biogas生物防治biological control生物制品biological products生物质 biomass生物量 biomass生物圈 biosphere生物型 biotype生物变型 biovar双相培养 biphasic cultivation两极染色 bipolar staining双囊壁子囊 bitunicate ascus杀稻瘟素 blasticidin芽分生孢子 blastoconidium芽生孢子 blastospore博来霉素 bleomycin盲传 blind passage水华 blooms 下面发酵 bottom fermentation下面酵母 bottom yeast麸曲 bran koji酿造 brewing酿造技术 brewing technique明视野显微镜 bright field microscope肉汤培养 brothcultivation肉汤培养物 broth culture布氏菌素 brucellin芽殖 budding[噬菌体]裂解量 burst size丁苷菌素 butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素 candicidin烛罐 candle jar孢丝 capillitium卷曲霉素capreomycin, capromycin[病毒]壳体 capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer, capsomere荚膜 capsule 石炭酸品红 carbol fuchsin碳平衡 carbon balance一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophic bacteria洋红霉素 carminomycin类葫萝卜素 carotenoids带菌者 carrier带[病]毒者 carrier载体噬菌体 carrier phage腐霉素 carriomycin[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸 casamino acids柄细菌 caulobacteria香柏油 cedar oil天青菌素 celesticetin 细胞系 cell line细胞株 cell strain纤维素酶 cellulase中生芽孢 central spore 壳心 centrum头孢菌素 cephalosporin单端丛[鞭]毛菌 cephalotricha化能自养菌chemoautotrophic bacteria化能自养 chemoautotrophy化能异养菌chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria化能无机营养 chemolithotrophy化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophic bacteria化能有机营养 chemoorganotrophy恒化器 chemostat趋化性 chemotaxis化学疗法 chemotherapy化能营养 chemotrophy向化性 chemotropism化学型 chemotype化学变型 chemovar中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM 衣原体 chlamydia厚壁孢子 chlamydospore氯霉素chloromycetin, chloramphenicol金霉素 chloroteracycline, aureomycin载色体 chromatophore产色细菌chromogenic bacteria色霉素 chromomycin创新霉素 chuangxinmycin[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor壶菌 chytrid孢子角 cirrus锁状细胞 clamp cell锁状联合 clamp connection 棒酸 clavulanic acid闭囊果 cleistocarp闭囊壳 cleistothecium顶极群落 climax community 氯林肯霉素 clindamycin杯伞素 clitocybine克隆 clone 封闭生长系统 closed growth system聚簇 cluster盾状体 clypeus凝固酶 coagulase凝固酶因子 coagulase factor球杆菌 coccobacillus球菌 coccus半透明型突变噬斑 cococarde协同培养 co-cultivation多核细胞 coenocyte多核配子 coenogamete多核孢子囊 coenosporangium多核孢子 coenospore多核合子 coenozygote共固定化作用 co-immobilization大肠菌素 colicin, colicine大肠杆菌素生成因子 colicinogenic factor大肠菌类 coliform group 大肠[杆]菌指数 coli-index粘菌素 colistin大肠[杆]菌值 colititre噬菌体]颈部 collar囊领 collarette菌落 colony菌落形成单位colony forming units, CFU囊轴 columella联合疫苗 combined vaccine偏利共栖 commensalism伴生种 companions相容性 compatibility补偿目镜compensative eyepiece感受态 competence兢争[共栖] competition互补 complementation完全培养基complete medium复合对称 complex symmetry[噬菌体]串联体 concatemer凹玻片 concave slide条件致死conditional lethal 条件突变株conditional mutant条件致病菌conditioned pathogen分生孢子果 conidiocarp分生孢子梗 conidiophore分生孢子 conidium[噬菌体]接合分裂 conjugate division接合[作用] conjugation[噬菌体]颈圈 connector聚生体 consortium缢缩[作用] constriction污染物 contaminant污染 contamination连续培养continuous cultivation连续发酵continuous fermentation连续灭菌continuous sterilization庖肉培养基cooked meat medium鬼伞菌素 coprinin索状因子 cord factor 蛹虫草菌素 cordycepin [噬菌体]髓部 core核心 core菌丝束 coremium[芽孢]皮层 cortex香菇菌素 cortinellin棒状菌 corynebacteria粘粒 cosmid对染[法] counterstaining 盖玻片 cover glass临界杀菌浓度critical killing dilution交叉复活crossreactivation深低温保藏[法] cryopreservation隐性前噬菌体cryptic prophage隐生现象 cryptobiosis立体对称 cubical symmetry培养 cultivation培养物 culture培养瓶 culture flask移种 culture transfering 盘菌 cup fungi[噬菌体]自愈 curing蓝细菌 cyanobacteria藻青素 cyanophycin藻青素颗粒 cyanophycin granule环丝氨酸 cycloserine环孢菌素 cyclosporin杯碟法 cylinder plate method囊状体 cystidium松胞菌素 cytochalasin胞霉素 cytomycin致细胞病变[效应] cytopathic effect, CPE质型多角体病毒 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV大曲Daqu (massive raw stater for alcholic liquor)暗视野 dark-field暗视野显微镜dark-field microscope暗视野显微术dark-field microscopy子菌落 daughter colony 道诺霉素 daunomycin衰亡期 decline phase分解者 decomposer深层菌落 deep colony干扰缺损颗粒defective interfering particle[病毒]缺损突变株 defective mutant缺损病毒 defective virus确定成分培养基 defined medium干燥培养基 dehydratedmedium反硝化作用 denitrification反硝化细菌 denitrifying bacteria浓核病毒 densovirus,DNV皮肤坏死毒素 dermatonecrotoxin越霉素 destomycin生物致劣 deterioration鉴定细菌学 determinative bacteriology诊断微生物学 diagnostic microbiology 透析培养 dialysis cultivation乳品微生物学 diary microbiology双峰生长曲线 diauxie growth curve砖格孢子 dictyospore双胞孢子 didymospore[分辨]干涉差显微镜 Differential interference contrast microscope, DICM鉴别培养基 differential medium鉴别染色法 differential staining稀释法 dilution method稀释平板分离法 dilution-plate method双态性真菌 dimorphicfungi双态现象 dimorphism白喉毒素 diphtheria toxin2,6-吡啶二羧酸 dipicolinic acid, DPA双杆菌 diplobacillus双球菌 diplococcus 盘状子囊果 discocarp消毒剂 disinfectant消毒 disinfection双孢担孢子 dispore异化作用 dissimilation 偏端霉素 distamycin供体 donor休眠 dormancy倍增时间 doubling time抗药基因 drug resistant gene抗药性菌株 drug resistant strain药物敏感性 drug susceptibility抗药性 drug-resistance干热灭菌 dry heat sterilization杜氏发酵管Durham‘s fermentation tube侏儒型菌落 dwarf colony菌群失调 dysbacteriosis [病毒]早期基因early genes[病毒]早期蛋白early protein 齿孔酸 eburicoic acid艾柯病毒 ECHO virus隐蔽期 eclipse period内外生菌根 ectendomycorrhiza外生菌根 ectomycorrhiza毛外癣菌 ectothrix成斑效率efficiency of plating弹丝 elater电[子显微]镜electron microscope原[生小]体elementarybody伊红甲烯蓝琼脂 EMB agar远藤培养基Endo‘s medium 内生担子 endobasidium内分生孢子 endoconidium内源变量 endogenenous variable内源病毒 endogenous virus 内生菌根 endomycorrhiza 内生孢子 endospore内共生 endosymbiosis毛内癣菌 endothrix 内毒素 endotoxin滋养培养基 enriched medium富集培养基 enrichment medium肠球菌素 enterococcin肠毒素 enterotoxin肠道病毒 enterovirus虫生真菌 entomogenous fungi昆虫病原微生物 entomopathogen昆虫痘病毒 entomopoxvirus, EPV[病毒]包膜抗原 envelope antigen[细菌]包被抗原 envelope antigen包膜 envelope, peplos上担子 epibasidium表皮溶解毒素 epidermolytic toxin囊层被 epithecium红斑毒素 erythrogenic toxin红霉素 erythromycin 抑酯酶素 esterastin病原学 etiology真细菌 eubacteria真核生物 eukaryote广温微生物eurythermal microorganism真病毒 euvirus扁枝衣霉素 everninomicin剥脱性毒素exfoliative toxin外壁 exine芽孢外膜 exitine外生孢子 exospore[孢子]外壁 exosporium外毒素 exotoxin指数生长exponential growth胞外酶extracellular enzyme极端细菌 extreme bacteria乙型肝炎 e抗原 HBeAg420 因子 factor 420兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe苛求菌fastidious microorganism黄癣菌丝 favic chandelier mycelium反馈抑制feed back inhibition可发酵性 fermentability发酵 fermentation发酵[能]力fermentation capacity发酵罐 fermenter硬壁[细]菌类 fermicutes冯巴赫瓶 Fernbach flask致育因子 fertility factor富尔根染色 Feulgen staining[噬菌体]尾丝抗原 fiber antigen溶纤维蛋白溶酶 fibrinolysin丝状型菌落 filamentous type colony过滤除菌 filtration sterilization[噬菌体]伞毛 fimbrium[狂犬病]固定毒 fixed virus鞭毛抗原 flagellar antigen鞭毛基体 flagellar basal body鞭毛蛋白 flagellin鞭毛 flagellum平罐酸败菌 flat sour bacteria平[罐]酸败 flat-sour spoilage亚麻浸渍 flax retting菌群 flora区系 flora荧光显微镜 fluorescence microscope食品微生物学 foodmicrobiology食物中毒 food poisoning足细胞 foot cell脚胞 foot cell前芽孢 forespore间型霉素 formycin健霉素 fortimicin磷霉素 fosfomycin, phosphonomycin[蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病 foulbrood分部培养[法] fractional cultivation 断裂 fragmentation弗氏[细胞]压碎器 French cell press子实体 fruiting body真菌 fungi抑真菌剂 fungistat菌丝索 funiculus镰孢菌酸 fusarinic acid顶生厚壁孢子 fuseau配囊交配gametangial copulation配子囊 gametangium配子 gamete配子母细胞 gametocyte气泡 gas vacuoleGC值 GC values明胶液化gelatine liquefication基因簇 gene cluster基因转移 gene transfer普通微生物学general microbilogy遗传转化genetic transformation基因型 genotype 艮他霉素 gentamicin[放线菌]土臭味素 geosmins 芽孔 germ pore芽缝 germ slit芽管 germ tube无菌动物 germ-free animal 无菌植物 germ-free plant 杀菌剂 germicides菌蜕 ghost巨大菌落 giant colony产孢体 gleba滑行 gliding滑行细菌 gliding bacteria 胶霉毒素 gliotoxin葡萄糖效应 glucose effect 多糖包被 glycocalyx悉生生物学 gnotobiology 悉生生物 gnotobiote微生子 gonidium谷氏菌素 gougerotin薄壁[细]菌类 gracilicutes 梯度平板 gradient plate 革兰氏染色 Gram staining短杆菌肽 gramicidin革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria 颗粒体 granule颗粒体蛋白 granulin细菌淀粉粒 granulose颗粒体症病毒 granulosis virus, GV灰霉素 grisein灰黄霉素 griseofulvin生长因子 growth factor顾氏小体Guarnieri‘s bodies溶血[作用] haemolysis嗜盐菌halophilic bacteria囊间丝 hamathecium悬滴法 hanging drop method乙型肝炎核心抗原 HBcAg乙型肝炎表面抗原 HBsAg[噬菌体]头部 head热固定 heat fixation 螺旋对称 helical symmetry卷旋孢子 helicospore辅助病毒 helper virus血细胞吸附 hemadsorption, HD血凝抑制 hemagglutination inhibition血细胞凝集 hemagglutination, HA血凝素 hemagglutinin半担子 hemibasidium溶血素 hemolysin溶血试验 hemolytic test除莠菌素 herbicidin除莠霉素 herbimycin 隔担子 heterobasidium 异形[囊]胞 heterocyst异型发酵 heterofermentation异型发酵乳酸菌 heterofermentative lactic bacteria异形配子 heterogamete 异配生殖 heterogamy 异源性 heterology 异宗配合 heterothallism异养菌 heterotrophic bacteria异养潜能 heterotrophic potential异养演替 heterotrophic succession异养 heterotrophy杂合[现象] heterozygosis 异形合子 heterozygote[病毒]六邻体 hexonmer,hexons高频重组 high frequency of recombination, Hfr高倍物镜 high power objective变异 H-O variation H-O固着器 holdfast无隔担子 holobasidium全型 holomorph全霉素 holomycin同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenic bacteria同担子 homobasidium同型发酵 homofermentation同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentative lactic bacteria同源免疫噬菌体 homoimmune phage同源性 homology同宗配合 homothallism[蓝细菌]连锁体 hormogonium宿主范围突变株 host range mutant透明质酸酶 hyaluronidase硫化氢试验hydrogen sulfide production test产氢菌 hydrogenogens氢营养菌 hydrogenotrophic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌 hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria潮霉素 hygromycin子实层 hymenium子实层体 hymenophore菌丝 hypha虫菌体 hyphal body菌丝段 hyphal fragment溶菌丝作用 hypholytic action 附着枝 hyphopodium休眠孢子囊 hypnosporangium休眠孢子 hypnospore下担子 hypobasidium地下真菌 hypogeal fungi 下子座 hypostroma囊基膜 hypothallus囊层基 hypothecium缝裂壳 hyste二十面体对称 icosahedral symmetry 二十面[体]壳体 icosahedron capsid鉴定 identification特需营养要求型 idiotroph岛霉素 ilamycin固定化细胞 immobilized cell免疫粘连血凝测定 immune adherence hemagglutination assay, IAHA半知菌 imperfect fungi原位培养 in situ cultivation体外 in vitro 体内 in vivo烧灼灭菌 incineration rothecium包含体 inclusion body内含颗粒 inclusiongranule培养箱 incubator墨汁荚膜染色 India-ink capsule staining指示菌 indicator土著区系 indigenous flora 土著菌群 indigenous flora 吲哚试验 indole test诱发变异 induced variation[可]诱导噬菌体 inducible phage菌裙 indusium工业微生物学 industrial microbiology传染 infection感染 infection侵染 infection感染中心 infectious center侵染中心 infectious center半感染剂量 infectiousdose 50%, ID 50侵染剂量 infective dose, ID感染剂量 infective dose, ID侵染性 infectivity感染性 infectivity[衣原体]始体 initial body接种环 inoculating loop接种针 inoculating needle接种箱 inoculation hood接种 inoculation, inoculating, inoculate接种物 inoculum无囊盖类 inoperculatae干扰[现象] interference干扰素 interferon国际微生物学会联合会 International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS种间分子氢转移 interspecies H transfer肠道细菌 intestinal bacteria芽孢内膜 intine 胞内酶 intracellular enzyme侵袭力 invasiveness倒置显微镜 invert microscope衰老型 involution form虹彩病毒 irido virus铁细菌 iron bacteria同形配子囊 isogametangium 同形配子 isogamete同配生殖 isogamy分离 isolation分离培养基 isolation medium同形孢子 isospore天神霉素 istamycin双氢除虫菌素 ivermectin 交沙霉素 josamycin卡那霉素 kanamycin春日霉素 kasugamycin致死颗粒 killer particle柯斯特染料Koester‘s stain日本酒曲 koji 曲酸 kojic acid克氏瓶 Kolle flask科氏试验 Kolmer test柯氏氧化酶试剂Kovac‘s oxidase reagent柯氏试剂Kovac‘s reagent 延滞期 lag phaseλ噬菌体 lambda particles phage蓝氏链球菌分群试验Lancefield‘s streptococcal grouping test兔化法 lapinization兔化毒 lapinized virus[病毒]晚期基因 late genes[病毒]晚期蛋白 lateprotein潜伏病毒 latent virus菌苔 lawn渗漏突变体 leaky mutant 豆血红蛋白 leghaemoglobin赖夫松鞭毛染色Leifson‘s flagella staining透镜 lens麻风菌素 lepromin杀白细胞素 leucocidin 白细胞溶素 leucolysin柱晶白霉素 leucomycin林可霉素 lincomycin脂多糖类 lipopolysaccharides 液体曲 liquid koji液体培养基 liquid medium液氮保藏[法] liquid nitrogen cryopreservation液态发酵 liquid state fermentation无机营养菌 lithotrophic bacteria石蕊牛奶 litmus milk活菌苗 live bacterial vaccine活疫苗 live vaccine子囊腔 locule吕氏甲烯蓝 Loeff ler‘s methylene blue吕氏血清培养基Loeffler‘s serum medium对数期 log phase丛[鞭]毛菌 lophotricha 低倍物镜 low power objective弱毒株 low virulent strain鲁戈氏碘液Lugol‘siodine solution发光细菌 luminousbacteria冻干[保藏]法 lyophilization[噬菌体]裂解阻抑 lysis inhibition溶原现象 lysogenesis溶原性细菌 lysogenic bacteria溶原性转换 lysogenicconversion溶原化 lysogenization溶原性 lysogeny溶葡萄球菌素 lysostaphin溶菌酶 lysozyme裂解周期 lytic cycle细菌 L-型 L-form of bacterium辅酶 M coenzyme M麦氏[立克次氏体]染色Macchiavello‘s staining麦氏培养基 MacConkey medium 大分生孢子 macroconidium放大率 magnification主发酵 main fermentation孔雀石绿溶液 malachite green solution[马]鼻疽菌素试验 mallein test麦芽汁 malt wort曼德勒尔滤器 Mandlerfilter手动气锁 manual airlock海洋微生物学 marine microbiology醪液 mash异染粒 matachromatic granules交配型 mating type美登素 maytenin肉膏 meat extract医学微生物学 medical microbiology培养基 medium薄膜滤器 membrane filter疵壁[细]菌类 mendosicutes柱孢子囊 merosporangium 中温菌 mesophilicbacteria间体 mesosome半自养 mesotrophy代谢共栖 metabiosis甲烷粒体 methanochondria 产甲烷菌 methanogen产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis甲基红试验 methyl red test甲烯蓝还原试验 methylene blue reduction test甲基营养菌 methylotrophicbacteria甲基营养 methylotrophy酒霉素 methymycin梗基 metulae微需氧菌 microaerobe微生物生物化学 microbial biochemistry微生物生态学 microbial ecology微生物生态系统 microbial ecosystem微生物遗传学 microbial genetics 微生物浸矿 microbial leaching微生物杀虫剂 microbial pesticide微生物生理学 microbial physiology微生物传感器 microbial sensor微生物分类学 microbial taxonomy微体 microbody微荚膜 microcapsule小分生孢子 microconidium微包囊 microcyst微生物区系 microflora显微操作 micromanipulation显微操作器 micromanipulator微量营养 micronutrient微生物 microorganism显微镜 microscope显微镜集光器microscope condenser镜检microscopic examination显微肥达氏凝集试验microscopic Widal agglutination test微孔滤器 millipore filter最小感染量minimal infecting dose, MID最小抑菌浓度minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC最小致死量 minimal lethal dose, MLD光神霉素 mithramycin丝裂霉素 mitomycin混合培养mixed cultivation混合培养物 mixed culture霉菌 mold, mould柔膜细菌 mollicutes莫能菌素 monensin单形现象 monomorphism单鞭毛菌 monotricha[噬菌体]畸形体 monster形态型 morphotype形态变型 morphovar最大机率法 most probable number method, MPNM最大机率数 most probable number, MPN 粘液型菌落 mucoid colony多分体病毒 multicomponent virus多粒包埋型病毒multiple embedded virus复分裂 multiple fission 胞壁酸 muramic acid毒蝇碱 muscarine蘑菇 mushrooms诱变剂 mutagen诱变 mutagenesis突变体 mutant突变 mutation互利共栖 mutualism菌丝酰胺 mycelianamide菌丝体 mycelium菌丝球 mycelium pellet真菌中毒 mycetism含菌细胞 mycetosome杀真菌剂 mycocide[菌]醭 mycoderm, pellicle 分枝菌酸 mycolic acid真菌学 mycology 菌霉素 mycomycin真菌噬菌体 mycophage霉酚酸 mycophenolic acid菌根 mycorrhiza菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi真菌毒素 mycotoxin真菌病毒 mycovirus麦迪霉素mydecamycin, midecamycin真菌醇 mykol粘孢子 myxospore裸露病毒[粒]体 nakedvirion天然培养基 natural medium 暗霉素 nebramycin致坏死寄生物 necroparsite 坏死病毒 necrosis virus负染[色法] negative staining负链 negative strand内氏小体Negri‘s body新霉素 neomycin纺锤菌素 netropsin 神经氨酸酶 neuraminidase神经毒性 neurotoxicity神经毒素 neurotoxin神经毒力 neurovirulence无关共栖 neutralism中和试验 neutralization test根瘤菌剂 nitragin硝酸盐还原试验 nitrate reduction test硝化作用 nitrification硝化细菌 nitrobacteria氮平衡 nitrogen balance固氮作用 nitrogenfixation固氮细菌 nitrogen fixing bacteria诺卡菌素 nocardin结节状菌丝 nodular mycelium无隔菌丝 nonseptate hypha 正常菌群 normal flora新生霉素 novobiocin核型多角体病毒 nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV 核壳 nucleocapsid类核 nucleoid数值分类法 numerical taxonomy营养琼脂 nutrient agar营养肉汤 nutrient broth制霉菌素 nystatin菌体抗原 O antigen物镜 objective专性厌氧菌 obligate anaerobe赭曲毒素 ochratoxin目镜 ocular目镜测微计 ocular micrometer[流感病毒] O-D相变异 O-D variation粉孢子梗 oidiophore粉孢子 oidium油浸物镜 oil immersion objective老培养物 old culture旧结核菌素 old tuberculin, OT竹桃霉素 oleandomycin微[量]动[力]作用 oligodynamic action 微嗜氮菌 oligonitrophilic bacteria贫[营]养细菌 oligotrophic bacteria肿瘤病毒 oncovirus一步生长[曲线] one step growth卵配子 oogamete藏卵器 oogonium卵菌 oomycetes卵质 ooplasm卵球 oosphere。

上海交通大学微生物中译英

培养物：culture纯培养物：pure culture无菌技术：aseptic technique平皿：culture dish培养基：culture medium菌落：colony菌苔：lawn稀释倒平板法:pour plate method涂布平板法：spread plate method平板划线法：streak plate method稀释摇管法：dilution shake culture method原核生物：prokaryote细菌:bacteria古生菌:archaea真核生物:eukarya酵母菌：yeast霉菌：mold真细菌:Eubacteria古细菌:Archaebacteria脂蛋白(lipoprotein)周质空间(periplasmic space, periplasm)原生质体（protoplast）枝原体(Mycoplasma)细胞质膜（cytoplasmic membrane）间体（mesosome，或中体）细胞质（cytoplasm）贮藏物(reserve materials)磁小体(megnetosome)羧酶体(carboxysome)质粒（plasmid）芽孢endospore伴孢晶体（parasporal crystal）荚膜capsule糖被（glycocalyx）鞭毛flagellum代谢（metabolism）分解代谢(catabolism)合成代谢(anabolism)底物水平磷酸化（substrate level phosphorylation）氧化磷酸化（oxidative phosphorylation）光合磷酸化（photophosphorylation）生物量（Biomass）吞噬细胞(phagocytes)球菌coccus杆菌bacillus螺菌spiral bacterium。

微生物英译汉

A.abortive infection顿挫感染acquired resistance获得耐药性acid-fast bacilli抗酸杆菌acid-fast stain抗酸染色adenovirus腺病毒adsorption吸附AIDS获得性免疫缺陷综合症anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌antiseptics防腐剂antisepsis防腐antibiotic抗生素antiseptic technique无菌操作apparent infection显性感arbovirus虫媒病毒asepsis无菌attenuated live vaccine减毒活疫苗B. bacterium细菌bacillus杆菌bacteriocin细菌素bacteremia菌血症bacteriophage噬菌体bacteriostasis抑菌bacillus芽孢杆菌属bacilli calmette-guerin（BCG）卡介苗B.anthracis炭疽芽胞杆菌biosynthesis生物合成biomembrane生物膜borrelia疏螺旋体属B.recurrentis回归热疏螺旋体brucella布氏菌属 B.burgdorferi伯氏疏螺旋体C.Candida albicans白假丝酵母菌candidiasis白假丝酵母菌病capsule荚膜capsomere壳粒capsid衣壳C.diphtheriae白喉棒状杆菌chlamydia衣原体clostridium厌氧芽孢梭菌属coagulase凝固酶coccus球菌colony菌落conjugation结合conditional pathogen条件致病菌conditioned infection条件致病性感染chronic infection慢性感染corynebacterium棒状杆菌属coxsackievirus柯萨奇病毒cryptococcosis隐球菌病Cryptococcus neoformans新生隐球菌culture medium培养基cytopathic effect（CPE）细胞病变效应D.defective virus缺陷病毒dermatophytes皮肤癣菌dengue virus登革病毒diphtheria白喉disinfection消毒disinfectan消毒剂diphtherotoxin白喉毒素drug resistance耐药性dysbacteriosis菌群失调dysbiosis生态失调E.ecology生态学ecological adjustment生态调整endotoxin内毒素endotoxemia内毒素血症enterotoxin肠毒素enterobacteriaceae肠杆菌科enterovirus肠道病毒envelope包膜epidemic type B encephalitis virus流行性乙型脑炎病毒escherichia埃希菌属escherichia coli大肠埃希菌eubiosis生态平衡exotoxin外毒素Epstein-Barr virus，EB病毒F.filter滤过器filamentous type colony丝状菌落filtration滤过除菌法flagellum鞭毛forest encephalitis virus森林脑炎病毒fungus真菌G.gonococcus淋球菌gram stain革兰染色H.hantavirus汉坦病毒helper virus辅助病毒hepatitis B virus（HBV）乙型肝炎病毒herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒hospital infection医院感染hospital acquired infection医院内获得性感染horizontal transmission水平传播horizontal infection水平感染human cytomegalovirus，HCMV人巨细胞病毒human papillomavirus，HPV人乳头瘤毒病human rotavirus人轮状病毒hypha菌丝I.inapparent infection隐性感染inactivated vaccine灭活疫苗Inclusion body包涵体interference干扰现象interferon干扰素intrinsic resistance固有耐药性invasiveness侵袭力K.koch phenomenon科赫现象L. latent infection潜伏感染leptospira钩端螺旋体属lysogenic conversion溶原性转换lyme diserase莱姆病M.major outer membrane protein 主要外膜蛋白maturation成熟measeles virus麻疹病毒median lethal dose（LD50）半数致死量median infective dose（ID50）半数感染量meningococcus脑膜炎球菌metachromatic granules异染颗粒methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌microbiology微生物学microdysbiosis微生态失调microeubiosis微生态平衡microorganism微生物microwave微波modified enzyme钝化酶M.tuberculosis结核分枝杆菌M.leprae麻风分枝杆菌multiple resistance多重耐药性mumps virus腮腺炎病毒mutation突变mycelium菌丝体mycobacterium分枝杆菌数mycoses真菌病mycoplasma支原体N. negri body内基小体neisseria奈瑟菌属nonpathogenic bacterium非病原菌nonpathogen非致病菌nontuberculosis mycobacteria非结核分枝杆菌nongonococcal urithritis非淋球菌性尿道炎normal flor正常菌落normal microbiota正常微生物群nosocomial infection医院内感染nucleocapsid核衣壳O. old tuberculin旧结核菌素oppotunistic pathogen机会致病菌opportunistic infection机会性感染P. pasteurization巴氏消毒法pathogen致病菌pathogenic bacterium病原菌pathogenicity致病性penetration穿入persistent infection持续感染pilus菌毛plasmid质粒pneumococcus肺炎球菌poliovirus脊髓灰质炎病毒prion阮粒pseudohypha假菌丝purified protein derivative（ppd）纯蛋白衍生物pyemia脓毒血症pyogenic coccus化脓性球菌pyrogen热原质R. rabies virus狂犬病病毒release释放replication复制resistance plasmid耐药质粒respiratory syncytial virus呼吸道合胞病毒rickerrsia立克次体rubelle virus风疹病毒rhinovirus鼻病毒S.salmonella typhi伤寒沙门菌salmonella沙门菌属Satellites卫星病毒Schick test锡克试验septicemia败血症shigella志贺菌属slow virus infection慢发病毒感染spiral bacterium螺形菌spirochete螺旋体spore芽胞specimens标本Staphylococcus葡萄球菌staphylococcal protein A（SPA）葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylococcus aureus金黄色葡萄球菌sterilization灭菌Streptococcus链球菌subvirus亚病毒subclinical infection亚临床感染suiface infection表面感染superinfection二重感染T. tinea癣toxin毒素toxemia血毒症transposon转座子transformation转化transduction转导treponema密螺旋体属treponema pallidum梅毒螺旋体U. ultraviolet Ray（UV）紫外线uncoating脱壳ureaplasma脲原体V.vaccine疫苗varicella-zoster virus，VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒vertical transmission垂直传播vertical infection垂直感染vibrio弧菌属Vibrio cholera霍乱弧菌viremia病毒血症virion病毒体virology病毒学virulence毒力virus病毒W. Well-Felix reaction外斐反应widal test肥达试验Y.yeast type colony酵母型菌落yeastlike type colony类酵母型菌落yersinia耶尔森菌属Y.pestis鼠疫杆菌Z.zoonosis人兽共患病β.β-lactamaseβ-内酰胺酶β-hemolytic streptococcus乙型溶血性链球菌。

食品微生物专业词汇1

Aa Helminth Cycle 一个寄生虫循环a scale of 一个规模a strew of 撒满的abbreviate 缩写abiogenesis 无生源说abnormal fatigue 异常疲劳abscesses 脓肿Absidia 犁头霉属Acanthamoeba 棘阿米巴属accelerated 加速accentuate 强调accessory 附件accommodate 适应accompanied 陪同accumulate 积累Achlya 绵霉属acid-fast 抗酸的acidic dyes 酸性染料acidic 酸性Acinetobacter 不动杆菌；不动杆菌属acridine orange stain 吖啶橙染色Acridine 吖啶Actin cytoskeleton 肌动蛋白细胞骨架Actin filaments 肌动蛋白丝actin 肌动蛋白Actinobacteria 放线菌Actinomyces 放线菌，放线菌类Actinomycetaceae 放线菌科additional ingredient 额外的成分Adeno virus 腺病毒adhere 坚持adherence 依从性，粘着，紧贴adherent 附着adhesion 附着力adhesive 胶粘剂adjacent相邻adverse 不良的，相反的，不利的aerial 空气的，空中的，空想的aerobic 有氧aerobic metabolism 有氧代谢aerobic respiration 有氧呼吸Aeromonas 气单胞菌属affixed 粘贴，附着afflict 折磨agar琼脂Agencies 机构aggregated 聚合aggregation 聚合Agricultural Microbiology 农业微生物学Agrobacterium 农杆菌属air inlet 进气口air-drying 晾干的，完全风干的akin 类似的，同类的alanine 丙氨酸albicans 白色的alcohol-based 含酒精的alcoholic 含酒精的alga gelidium 海藻石花菜Alga , algae 藻类；海藻alginate藻朊酸盐alginic acid 海藻酸aligned 对齐allay 减轻allergy attacks 过敏袭击allergy 过敏allied 盟军的，联合的，同盟的all-inclusive 广泛的，详尽的Alphaproteobacteria 甲型变形菌纲，α-变形菌纲alter 改变alteration变更Alternaria 链格孢属alternate 备用，替换物alternating 交替alternative 替代的，供选择的，选择性的alter 改变Alzheimerdisease 阿尔茨海默病amebic dysentery 阿米巴痢疾amino acid 氨基酸Amoeba 变形虫Amoebas 阿米巴原虫amoeboid motion 变形运动Amoeboid Protozoa 变形原生动物amphitrichous 双鞭毛的，两端鞭毛的Ample 充足的amplified 放大anaerobes 厌氧生物Anaerobic cocci厌氧球菌anaerobic growth 厌氧生长analogous 类似的anaphase 后期anatomical 解剖anatomy 解剖学Ancestral 祖先的anchored 锚定anemia 贫血Angiosperms 被子植物Angstrom 埃animalcules 微生物，微动物animalia 动物类animation 活泼，生气。

微生物专业英语

Animalcule microbe microorganism 微生物Bound end horizon limit 限度Back-check check-up examine inspect jerque look-over red-pencil 检查Endotoxin 内毒素reduced endotoxin还原内毒素Limulusn. [动]鲎Amebocyten.[医]阿米巴样细胞,变形细胞Lysaten.[生化]溶解产物(尤指溶菌液)Reagentn.反应力, 反应物, 试剂Characterizevt.表现...的特色, 刻画的...性格Portionn.一部分, 一分Chapter (书籍)章Harmonizev.协调Correspondingadj.相应的, 通讯的Pharmacopeian.处方汇编；药典Symboln.符号, 记号, 象征Testn.测试, 试验, 检验v.测试, 试验, 检验Bacterialadj.细菌的Bacterian.细菌aqueous extract 水提(出)物circulating adj.循环, 流通horseshoe crabn.[动] 鲎Formationn.公式, 规则, 客套语Photometricadj.光度计的, 光度测定的Turbidimetric(混)浊度的, 浊度计的Turbidityn.混浊, 混乱Cleavagen.劈开, 分裂Endogenousadj.[生]内长的, 内生的Substraten.(=substratum)底层,下层,[地]底土层,基础,本源,[生]培养基,[生化]酶作用物,[摄](胶片)感光底层Chromogenicadj.发色的, 发色体的Syntheticadj.合成的, 人造的, 综合的Peptiden.缩氨酸Chromogenn.色原体, 媒染染料的一种Chromogenicadj.发色的, 发色体的chromogenic reaction显色反应chromogenic reagent显色试剂Proceedvi.进行, 继续下去, 发生Indicatevt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明Monographn.专论Monographern.专题论文作者Disputev.争论, 辩论, 怀疑, 抗拒, 阻止, 争夺(土地,胜利等)n.争论, 辩论, 争吵Endpoint端点, 终点Dilutionn.稀释, 稀释法,冲淡物Materialn.材料, 原料, 物资, 素材, 布料adj.物质的, 肉体的, 具体的, 重要的, 实质性的Directadj.径直的, 直接的, 直系的, 直率的, [天]由西向东运行的, 顺行的adv.直接地vt.指引, 指示, 指挥, 命令, 导演vi.指导, 指挥Comparisonn.比较, 对照, 比喻, 比较关系adj.平行的, 相同的, 类似的, 并联的n.平行线, 平行面, 类似, 相似物v.相应, 平行Referencen.提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目, 证明书(人), 介绍信(人) Endotoxinn.内毒素Quantityn.量, 数量Expressadj.急速的, 特殊的, 明确的n.快车, 快递, 专使vt.表达, 表示adv.乘快车, 以快递方式Units 单位IU=Interference Unit 干扰器Colorimetricadj.色度的比色的colorimetric analysis比色[色度]分析formulated medium合成培养基Formulatevt.用公式表示, 明确地表达, 作简洁陈述v.阐明Establishmentn.确立, 制定, 设施, 公司, 军事组织regression curveContentn.内容, 容量, 目录, 满足adj.满足的, 满意的, 愿意vt.使满足Interpolationn.篡改, 添写, 插补Curven.曲线, 弯曲, [棒球]曲线球, [统]曲线图表vt.弯, 使弯曲vi.成曲形Potencyn.力量Vialn.小瓶vt.装入小瓶Constitutevt.制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命Contentn.内容, 容量, 目录, 满足adj.满足的, 满意的, 愿意vt.使满足Entireadj.全部的, 完整的, 整个Intermittentlyadv.间歇地intermittentadj.间断的; 暂歇的; 断续的intermittent current断续电流intermittent fever间歇热intermittent spring间歇泉V ortexn.旋涡, 旋风, 涡流, (动乱, 争论等的)中心Concentratev.集中, 浓缩Serialadj.连续的Dilutionn.稀释, 稀释法,冲淡物Preservevt.保护, 保持, 保存, 保藏vi.做蜜饯, 禁猎n.蜜饯, 果酱, 禁猎地, 禁区, 防护物Refrigeratorn.电冰箱, 冷藏库Subsequentadj.后来的, 并发的Vigorouslyadv.精神旺盛地proceed to向...进发进入(下一个议程项目)改读[获取]学位Proceedingn.行动, 进行,会议录, 学报proceed from出于, 来自, 发生于Proceedvi.进行, 继续下去, 发生Storevt.贮藏, 贮备, 存储n.商店, 店铺, 贮藏, 贮备Activityn.活跃, 活动性, 行动, 行为, [核]放射性Lossn.损失, 遗失, 失败, 输, 浪费, 错过, [军]伤亡, 降低Adsorptionn.吸附Absencen.不在, 缺席, 缺乏, 没有Supporting支持的, 支撑的Contraryadj.相反的, 逆的, <口语>执拗n.反面adv.相反Proceduren.程序, 手续Incubationn.孵蛋, 抱蛋, 熟虑incubation period孵化期(接种后的微生物)保温培养期发酵周期incubation time孵化期(接种后的微生物)保温培养期发酵周期Preselectvt.( 通常指根据特定标准) 预先选择, 预先挑选Solutionn.解答, 解决办法, 溶解, 溶液解决方案spectrophotometric analysis分光光度分析spectrophotometric determination分光光度测定spectrophotometric evaluation分光光度推定法spectrophotometrictitration分光光度滴定Spectrophotometry分光谱测量, 分光光度测定法, 分光光度技术, 分光光度学Absorbancen.[植、化]吸光率Colorimetricadj.色度的比色的Kineticadj.(运)动的, 动力(学)的Assayn.化验v.化验arrested decay[地质]抑制分解阶段arrested development发育不良arrested evolution滞留演化Throughoutprep.遍及, 贯穿adv.到处, 始终, 全部Apparatusn.器械, 设备, 仪器Glasswaren.玻璃器具类Stableadj.稳定的Validatevt.[律]使有效, 使生效, 确认, 证实, 验证Processn.过程, 作用, 方法, 程序, 步骤, 进行, 推移vt.加工, 处理。

医学常用微生物及寄生虫中英文名称翻译

医学常用微生物及寄生虫中英文名称翻译微生物和寄生虫在医学领域中发挥着重要的作用，对于医疗和研究具有重要意义。

以下是一些常见的微生物和寄生虫的中英文翻译名称：细菌（Bacteria） - 细菌是一类单细胞微生物，具有细胞壁，可以在多种环境中存活和繁殖。

常见的细菌包括：大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli），金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus），链球菌（Streptococcus）等。

病毒（Virus） - 病毒是一种非细胞性微生物，必须寄生于宿主细胞中才能繁殖。

常见的病毒包括：流感病毒（Influenza virus），艾滋病病毒（HIV），乙肝病毒（Hepatitis B virus）等。

真菌（Fungi） - 真菌是一种多细胞或单细胞微生物，可以通过孢子进行繁殖。

常见的真菌包括：白色念珠菌（Candida albicans），鹅膏菌（Aspergillus）等。

原生动物（Protozoa） - 原生动物是一类单细胞寄生虫，可以寄生于人类或动物的体内。

常见的原生动物包括：疟原虫（Plasmodium），贾第鞭毛虫（Giardia lamblia），阿米巴原虫（Entamoeba histolytica）等。

蠕虫（Helminths） - 蠕虫是一类多细胞寄生虫，分为线虫和扁虫两种，常寄生于人体的消化道或其他组织中。

常见的蠕虫包括：蛔虫（Ascaris lumbricoides），银屑病蠕虫（Schistosoma），肠吸虫（Taenia）等。

疟原虫（Plasmodium）- 疟原虫是一种原生动物，寄生于蚊子体内并通过蚊子叮咬传播给人类。

它是引起疟疾的主要病因之一。

流感病毒（Influenza virus）- 流感病毒属于病毒家族，分为甲、乙、丙三型，是引起流感的主要病原体之一。

艾滋病病毒（HIV） - 艾滋病病毒是一种病毒，感染者会患上艾滋病，该病毒攻击人体免疫系统并逐渐损坏。

微生物翻译

Tracking the Elusive Viroid跟踪难以捉摸的类病毒According to accepted scientific dogma, the discovery of the viroid was not supposed to happen.根据人们已知的科学定义，类病毒是不可能存在的Finding out what causes potato spindle tuber disease brought about a small revolution in the study, diagnosis, and treatment of viral plant diseases. It also helped change approaches and attitudes in the study of livestock and human diseases.人们在寻找导致马铃薯纺锤块茎病原因的过程中，引发了一场植物病毒疾病的诊断和治疗的小革命。

它还改变了在牲畜和人类疾病的研究中的方法和态度。

But as crop diseases go, it wasn't very important. It didn't cost potato farmers millions of dollars in losses or control measures. Of course, if it got into a potato crop, it led to a second-year harvest of spindly, twisted tubers, but that didn't happen often.但随着作物疾病的离去，他变得并不重要。

因为它没有造成种植马铃薯的农民过多的损失。

当然一旦病毒进入了土豆，就会导致导致第二年收获细长,扭曲的块茎,但这并不经常发生。

微生物第二章翻译checkpoint

温和噬菌体进行吸附和渗透到细菌宿主但不复制或立即释放。相反，病毒DNA进入一个无效的原噬菌体状态，在其中插入细菌染色体。这种病毒的DNA将由细菌细胞保留和复制其在正常细胞分裂，细胞的后代也会有温和噬菌体DNA。
3.The formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things is taxonomy. Classification is the orderly arrangement of organisms into groups, preferably in a format that shows evolutionary relationships. Identification is the process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms so that they may be placed in an overall taxonomic scheme. Nomenclature is the process of assigning names to the various taxonomic rankings of each microbial species.
A fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell is often called a virion.
In general, the capsid of any virus is constructed from a number of identical protein subunits called capsomers.

微生物英文词汇

微生物英文词汇active immunity（主动免疫）；active transport（主动运输）；Alcohol fermentation（乙醇发酵）；aerobe（好氧微生物）；aflatoxin（黄曲霉毒素）；AIDS（爱滋病）；Ames test（艾姆氏实验）；anabolism（合成代谢）；anaerobe（厌氧微生物）；antibiotic（抗生素）；antibody（抗体）；antigen（抗原）；antigenic determinant（抗原决定基）；antimetabolite（抗代谢物）；antiseptic（防腐剂）；antiserum（抗血清）；antitoxin（抗毒素）；arthrospore（节孢子）；ascospore（子囊）；asepsis（无菌）；autoantibody（自身抗体）；autoantigen（自身抗原）；autoimmune disease（自身免疫疾病）；bacteriophage（噬菌体）；bacteriostatic（抑菌）；binary fission（二分裂）；broad spectrum（广谱）；Capsid（衣壳）；capsomer（衣壳粒）：capsule（荚膜）：Catabolism（分解代谢）：cell-mediated immune（细胞介导免疫）：chemoautotroph（化能自养菌）：chemotaxis（趋化性）：Chemotherapy（化学治疗剂）：chitin（几丁质）：complement（补体）：Conldia（分生孢子）：Conjugation（接合）：Colony(菌落)：Contaminant（污染物）：Culture（培养物）：differential medium（鉴别培养基）：differential stain（鉴别染色）：Disinfection（消毒）：ELISA（酶联免疫）：endospore（芽孢）：endotoxin（内毒素）：enriched medium（加富培养基）：enveloped virus（包膜病毒）：essential nutrient（必须营养）：eucaryotic cell（真核细胞）：Exotoxin（外毒素）：Facultative（兼性的）：Fermentation（发酵）：Flagellum（鞭毛）Genotype（表型）：Glycolysis（糖酵解）：Gram stain（革兰氏染色）：Granulocyte（粒细胞）：growth factor（生长因子）Halophlle（嗜盐菌）：H antigen（H-抗原）：helper T cell（辅助T-细胞）：Heterotroph（异养菌）：Immunity（免疫）：immunogen（免疫原）：immune system（免疫系统）：immunoglobulin（免疫球蛋白）：Inclusion（内含物）：Infection（感染）：infectious disease（感染性疾病）：Inflammation（发炎）：Inoculation（接种）：Interferon（干扰素）：Isolation（分离）：Latency（潜伏）：L form（L-型菌）：Lipopolysaccharide（脂多糖，LPS）：Lysis（溶解）：lysosome （溶酶体）：病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology系统细菌学systematic bacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学general microbilogy微生物分类学microbial taxonomy微生物生理学microbial physiology微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物生态学microbial ecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学soil microbiology水生微生物学aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学marine microbiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medical microbiology兽医微生物学veterinary microbiology农业微生物学agricultural microbiology工业微生物学industrial microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microbiology食品微生物学food microbiology乳品微生物学diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms,CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, A TCC自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numerical taxonomy模式目type order模式科type family模式属type genus模式种type species模式株type strain真菌fungi捕食真菌predacious fungi虫道真菌ambrosia fungi地下真菌hypogeal fungi虫生真菌entomogenous fungi菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌wood-decay fungi霉菌mold, mould半知菌imperfect fungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slime mold, slime mould壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cup fungi块菌truffles锈菌rust fungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom酵母菌yeast无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts 黑粉菌smut fungi双态性真菌dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfect fungi黑粉病smut disease锈病rust disease菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium基内菌丝体substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium 结节状菌丝nodular mycelium梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondary mycelium有隔菌丝septate hypha无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体sterile mycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium 产囊丝ascogenous hypha产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphal body盾状体clypeus子实体fruiting body产孢体gleba子实层体hymenophore子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphal fragment菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉孢子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合孢子柄zygosporophore孢囊柄sporangiophore配囊柄suspensor孢子梗sporophore分生孢子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germ pore芽管germ tube芽缝germ slit孢丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid[孢子]外壁exosporium外生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza 刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生孢子盘acervulus分生孢子座sporodochium精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva孢子角cirrus孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print聚簇cluster[菌丝]融合anastomosis[孢子]切落abjunction[孢子]缢断abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism缢缩[作用] constriction粉孢子oidium孢子spore掷孢子ballistospore厚壁孢子chlamydospore环痕孢子annellospore节孢子arthrospore卷旋孢子helicospore腊肠形孢子allantospore孔出孢子porospore星形孢子staurospore线形孢子scolecospore砖格孢子dictyospore侧生孢子aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子phialospore无梗孢子thallospore分生孢子conidium大分生孢子macroconidium小分生孢子microconidium节分生孢子arthroconidium芽分生孢子blastoconidium器孢子pycnidiospore无隔孢子amerospore双胞孢子didymospore多隔孢子phragmospore休眠孢子hypnospore顶生孢子acrospore顶生厚壁孢子fuseau内分生孢子endoconidium担孢子basidiospore双孢担孢子dispore同形孢子isospore柄生孢子stylospore[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore产雄器孢子androspore锈孢子aeciospore夏孢子urediniospore, aeciospore 冬孢子teliospore四分孢子tetraspore粘孢子myxospore多核孢子coenospore孢囊孢子sporangiospore子囊孢子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子器pycnidium孢[子]囊sporangium柱孢子囊merosporangium四分孢子囊tetrasporangium原孢子囊prosporangium多核孢子囊coenosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium 子囊ascus接合孢子zygospore拟接合孢子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus 单囊壁子囊unitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp孢囊果sporangiocarp[接]合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium原配子囊progametangium小孢子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm孢原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵孢子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖parasexuality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangial copulation 交配型mating type全型holomorph夏孢子期uredostage冬孢子堆teleutosorus, telium夏孢子堆uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation孢子形成sporulation细菌bacteria薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria放线菌actinomycetes螺[旋]菌spirilla粘细菌slime bacteria鞘细菌sheathed bacteria柄细菌caulobacteria弧菌vibrio根瘤细菌root nodule bacteria硫酸盐还原菌sulfate reducting bacteria硫细菌sulfur bacteria铁细菌iron bacteria紫色无硫细菌purple nonsulfur bacteria产甲烷菌methanogen硝化细菌nitrobacteria反硝化细菌denitrifying bacteria固氮细菌nitrogen fixing bacteria甲基营养菌methylotrophic bacteria产乙酸菌acetogen同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenic bacteria光合作用细菌photosynthetic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentative lactic bacteria异型发酵乳酸菌heterofermentative lactic bacteria产氢菌hydrogenogens产气菌aerogen不产气菌anaerogen发光细菌luminous bacteria产色细菌chromogenic bacteria化能异养菌chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能自养菌chemoautotrophic bacteria光能异养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria光能自养菌photoautotrophic bacteria化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photolithotrophic bacteria有机营养菌organotrophic bacteria无机营养菌lithotrophic bacteria贫[营]养细菌oligotrophic bacteria一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophic bacteria自养菌autotrophic bacteria异养菌heterotrophic bacteria光养菌phototrophic bacteria需氧菌aerobe微需氧菌microaerobe耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria厌氧菌anaerobe兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe专性厌氧菌obligate anaerobe溶原性细菌lysogenic bacteria腐生菌saprophytic bacteria苛求菌fastidious microorganism极端细菌extreme bacteria嗜压菌barophilic bacteria嗜盐菌halophilic bacteria嗜铁菌siderophilic bacteria嗜高渗细菌osmophilic bacteria微嗜氮菌oligonitrophilic bacteria嗜冷[细]菌psychrophilic bacteria嗜酸菌acidophilic bacteria嗜硫菌thiophilic bacteria中温菌mesophilic bacteria耐热细菌thermophilric bacteria氢营养菌hydrogenotrophic bacteria肠道细菌intestinal bacteria类菌体bacteroid细菌小体bacteriosome微生子gonidium蓝细菌cyanobacteria[蓝细菌]连锁体hormogonium类囊体thylakoid藻胆蛋白体phycobilisome静息孢子akinete滑行gliding异形[囊]胞heterocyst化学型chemotype化学变型chemovar血清型serotype血清变型serovar致病型pathotype致病变型pathovar生物型biotype生物变型biovar形态型morphotype形态变型morphovar革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria 球菌coccus双球菌diplococcus四联球菌tetrads八叠球菌sarcina球杆菌coccobacillus杆菌rod双杆菌diplobacillus棒状菌corynebacteria[细菌]毛状体trichome单鞭毛菌monotricha周[鞭]毛菌peritricha丛[鞭]毛菌lophotricha两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrichate单端丛[鞭]毛菌cephalotricha滑行细菌gliding bacteria细菌L-型L-form of bacterium菌落colony酵母型菌落yeast type colony类酵母型菌落yeast like colony次生菌落secondary colony粗糙型菌落rough colony光滑型菌落smooth colony丝状型菌落filamentous type colony 子菌落daughter colony深层菌落deep colony粘液型菌落mucoid colony巨大菌落giant colony侏儒型菌落dwarf colony菌苔lawn菌胶团zoogloea菌膜pellicle[菌]醭mycoderm, pellicle群游现象swarming菌柄stipe[菌体]附器appendage鞭毛flagellum周质鞭毛periplasmic flagella轴丝axial filament菌毛pilus性丝sex pilus外生孢子exospore内生孢子endospore芽孢spore芽孢形成sporulation终端芽孢terminal spore近端芽孢subterminal spore中生芽孢central spore前芽孢forespore[芽孢]皮层cortex芽孢外膜exitine芽孢内膜intine外壁exine伴胞晶体parasporal crystal菌蜕ghost鞘sheath荚膜capsule粘液层slime layer微荚膜microcapsule壁膜间隙periplasmic space原生质体protoplast原生质球spheroplast气泡gas vacuole甲烷粒体methanochondria间体mesosome载色体chromatophore鞭毛基体flagellar basal body异染质volutin异染粒matachromatic granules致死颗粒killer particle紫膜purple membrane噬菌体bacteriophage无囊盖类inoperculatae超显微微生物ultramicroscopic organism 真菌噬菌体mycophage噬藻体phycophage烈性噬菌体virulent phage温和噬菌体temperate phage前原噬菌体preprophage原噬菌体prophage隐性前噬菌体cryptic prophage营养期噬菌体vegetative phage载体噬菌体carrier phageλ噬菌体lambda particles phage [可]诱导噬菌体inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体homoimmune phage 噬菌体分型bacteriophage typing噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar噬斑plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium[噬菌体]颈须whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilot protein[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiber antigen[噬菌体]顶体apex[噬菌体]基片插孔base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片丝base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片楔突base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体concatemer[噬菌体]颈部collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体monster[噬菌体]颈圈connector[噬菌体]髓部core[噬菌体]头部head[噬菌体]尾部tail[噬菌体]尾管tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘tail sheath类病毒viroid病毒virus真病毒euvirus亚病毒subvirus原病毒provirus拟病毒virusoid卫星病毒satellite virus假型病毒pseudotype virus慢病毒slow virus辅助病毒helper virus过客病毒passenger virus多分体病毒multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒entomopox virus, EPV颗粒体症病毒granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV质型多角体病毒cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV 多粒包埋型病毒multiple embedded virus单粒包埋型病毒singly embedded virus伴随病毒associated virus浓核病毒densovirus,DNV内源病毒endogenous virus潜伏病毒latent virus肠道病毒enterovirus艾柯病毒ECHO virus虫媒病毒arbovirus腺病毒adenovirus腺伴随病毒adeno associated virus真菌病毒mycovirus肿瘤病毒oncovirus逆[转]录病毒retro virus坏死病毒necrosis virus虹彩病毒irido virus泛嗜性病毒pantropic virus毒株strain原[生小]体elementary body包含体inclusion body顾氏小体Guarnieri's bodies内氏小体Negri's body病毒[粒]体virion裸露病毒[粒]体naked virion假病毒体pseudovirion立体对称cubical symmetry二十面体对称icosahedral symmetry螺旋对称helical symmetry[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons复合对称complex symmetry包膜突起peplomerbody包膜envelope, peplos蛋白质包膜protein envelope[病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen[病毒]壳体capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer, capsomere二十面[体]壳体icosahedron capsid 核心core核壳nucleocapsid病毒原质体viroplasma病毒束virus bundle多角体polyhedron多角体蛋白polyhedrin颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin类核nucleoid内含颗粒inclusion granuleX体X-body[病毒]早期蛋白early protein[病毒]晚期蛋白late protein负链negative strand正链positive strand复制子replicon病毒发生基质virogenic stroma衣原体chlamydia[衣原体]始体initial body立克次氏体rickettsia假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖peptidoglycan磷壁酸teichoic acid胞壁酸muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinic acid, DPA 脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides多糖包被glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白flagellin菌毛蛋白pilin杀白细胞素leucocidin豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻青素cyanophycin藻蓝素algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素phycobilin藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素carotenoids细菌淀粉粒granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxy butyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcal protein A, SPA 纯化蛋白衍生物purified protein derivative, PPD [葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶permease胞内酶intracellular enzyme胞外酶extracellular enzyme果胶酶pectinase逆[转]录酶reverse transcriptase凝固酶coagulase受体破坏酶receptor destroying enzyme, RDE透明质酸酶hyaluronidase纤维素酶cellulase链道酶streptodornase,SD链激酶streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶neuraminidase青霉素酶penicillinase溶菌酶lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll自溶素autolysin亲菌素bacteriotropin攻击素aggressin抑殖素ablastin粘附素adhesin菌红素bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素prodigiosus toxin细菌素bacteriocin麻风菌素lepromin葡萄球菌素staphylococcin伞菌氨酸agarfitine苏云金菌素thuricin肠球菌素enterococcin布氏菌素brucellin大肠菌素colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素syringacin黄色粘球菌素xanthacin链球菌素streptocin流产菌素abortin绿脓[菌]素pyocyanin红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin 绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein白喉毒素diphtheria toxin杯伞素clitocybine白细胞溶素leucolysin表皮溶解毒素epidermolytic toxin 产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin肠毒素enterotoxin毒蝇碱muscarine肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽phalloidin根霉蝶呤rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumolysin 黑粉菌酸ustilagic acid分枝菌酸mycolic acid齿孔酸eburicoic acid根霉促进素rhizopin蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinic acid红斑毒素erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin菌丝酰胺mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素staphylolysin真菌毒素mycotoxin曲霉毒素aspertoxin赭曲毒素ochratoxin曲酸kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素tetanospasmin 溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin溶血素hemolysin鼠疫菌素pesticin神经毒素neurotoxin杀[细]菌素bactericidin外毒素exotoxin内毒素endotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotoxin血凝素hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素sterigmatocystin毒植物素phytotoxin真菌醇mykol链球菌溶血素streptolysin剥脱性毒素exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein[放线菌]土臭味素geosmins土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis生物转化bioconversion生长因子growth factor420 因子factor 420V 因子V factorX 因子X factormixed culture（混合培养）：monoclonal antibody（单克隆抗体）：Monocyte（单核细胞）：Mutagen（诱变剂）：Mutation（突变）Mycelium（菌丝体）：narrow spectrum（窄谱）：negative stain（负染色）：nitrogen fixation（固氮）：Nucleocapsid（核衣壳）：Nucleoid（拟核）：Nutrient（营养物质）：Obligate（专性的）：Parasite（寄生）：Pasteurization（巴斯德消毒）：Pathogen（病原体）：Saprophytes(腐生型)Pathogenidty（致病性）：Pathology（病原学）：passive transport（被动扩散）;Penicillins（青霉素）：Peptidoglycan(肽聚糖)：Plasmids（质粒）periplasmic space（周质空间）：Phage（噬菌体）：Phenotype（表型）：Photoautotroph（光能自养菌）：Pilus（性丝）;prophage（前噬菌体）：Protoplast（原生质体）：Pseudohypha（假菌丝）：Psychrophile（嗜冷菌）：respiratory chain（呼吸链）：reverse transcriptase（逆转录酶）：SCP（单细胞蛋白）：selective media（选择培养基）：Serotyping（血清型）：sexual reproduction（有性繁殖）Spheroplast（球形体）：spike（刺突）：Spirillum（螺菌）：Spirochete（螺旋体）：Sporangium（孢囊）：Sterilization（灭菌）：A Strain（菌株）：subcellular vaccine（亚单位疫苗）：superoxide ion（超氧离子）：suppressor T cell（抑制T细胞）：temperate phage（温和噬菌体）：thermal death point（致死温度）：thermal death time( 热致死时间)：Therrnophlle（嗜热菌）：Toxoid（类毒素）：Transduction（转导）：Transformation（转化）：Transposon（转座）：V accine（免疫法）：V irold（类病毒）：Zygospore（接合孢子）。

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abortive infection顿挫感染acid-fast bacilli抗酸杆菌acid-fast stain抗酸染色adenovirus腺病毒adsorption吸附apparent infection显性感染antisepsis防腐asepsis无菌antiseptic无菌操作antibiotic抗生素autoclave高压蒸汽灭菌法anaerobic bacteria厌氧性细菌arbovirus虫媒病毒bacteriophage噬菌体bacteriocin细菌素bacteriostasis抑菌bacterium细菌bacillus杆菌biosynthesis生物合成β-hemolytic streptococcus乙型溶血性链球菌Bacilli Calmette-Guerin，BCG卡介苗Borrelia疏螺旋体属B.burgdorferi伯氏疏螺旋体B.recurrentis回归热疏螺旋体capsomere壳粒capsid衣壳capsule荚膜Candida albicans白假丝酵母菌candidiasia白假丝酵母菌病chronic infection慢性感染coagulase凝固酶coccus球菌conjugation接合Clostridium 厌氧芽胞梭菌属culture medium培养基coxsackievirus柯萨奇病毒colony菌落conditional pathogen条件致病菌Cryptococcus neoformans新生隐球菌cryptococcosis隐球菌病cytopathic effect(CPE)细胞病变效应Chlamydia衣原体defective virus缺陷病毒dermatophytes皮肤廯菌disinfection消毒disinfectant消毒剂dysbacteriosis菌群失调dengue virus登革热病毒endotoxin 内毒素enterovirus肠道病毒exotoxin外毒素endotoxemia内毒素血症envelope包膜enterotoxin 肠毒素Enterobacteriaceae肠杆菌科Escherichia埃希菌属Escherichia coli大肠埃希菌epidemic type B encephalitis virus流行性乙型脑炎病毒EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)EB病毒flagellum鞭毛fungus真菌filamentous type colony丝状菌落fractional sterilization间歇蒸汽灭菌法filtration 滤过除菌法filter虑菌器forest encephalitis virus森林脑炎病毒gram stain革兰染色gonococcus 淋球菌helper virus辅助病毒horizontal infection水平感染horizontal transmission水平传播hypha菌丝human rotavirus人轮状病毒hantavirus汉坦病毒herpes simplex virus，HSV单单纯疱疹病毒human cytomegalovirus，HCMV人巨细胞病毒Hepadnaviridae嗜肝DNA病毒科HepatitisB virus(HBV)乙型肝炎病毒HepatitisA virus(HA V)甲型肝炎病毒HepatitisC virus(HCV)丙型肝炎病毒HepatitisE virus(HEV)戊型肝炎病毒HBsAg(hepatitis B surfaceantigen)乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原HBcAg(hepatitis B core antigen)乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原HBeAg(hepatitis B e antigen)乙型肝炎病毒e抗原inclusion body包涵体interference干扰现象interferon(IFN)干扰素invasiveness侵袭力inapparent infection隐性感染Inclusion body包涵体Koch phenomenon科赫现象latent infection潜伏感染lysogenic conversion溶原性转换lyophilization冷冻真空干燥发lyme disease莱姆病Leptospira钩端螺旋体属maturation成熟major outer membrane protein，MOMP主要外膜蛋白measeles virus麻疹病毒mumps virus腮腺炎病毒median lethal dose(LD50)半数致死量median infective dose(ID50)半数感染量meningococcus脑膜炎球菌microorganism微生物microbiology微生物学mutation突变mycelium菌丝体mycoses真菌病microwave微波Mycobacterium分支杆菌属M.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌M.leprae麻风分支杆菌Mycoplasma支原体normal flora 正常菌群nonpathogenic非病原菌nonpathogen非致病菌nucleocapsid核衣壳Neisseria奈瑟菌属nontuberculosis mycobacteria非结核分枝杆菌nongonococcal urithritis，NGU非淋球菌性尿道炎Negri body内基小体opportunistic pathogen机会致病菌Old tuberculin，OT旧结核菌素pathogenic bacterium病原菌pathogen致病菌pathogenicity致病性pasteurization巴氏消毒法penetration穿入persistent infection持续感染plasmid质粒prion朊粒pilus菌毛pneumococcus 肺炎球菌purified protein derivative，PPD纯蛋白衍生物pyrogen 热原质pyemia脓毒血症pseudohyphy假菌丝pyogenic coccus化脓性球菌poliovirus脊髓灰质炎病毒release释放replication复制Rickettsia立克次体respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)呼吸道合胞病毒rubelle virus风疹病毒rhinovirus鼻病毒Rabies virus狂犬病病毒Salmonella沙门菌属Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌satellites卫星病毒septicemia败血症spiral bacterium螺形菌Shigella志贺菌属slow virus infection慢发病毒感染spore芽胞/孢子subvirus亚病毒subclinical infection亚临床感染surface infection表面感染sterilization灭菌Staphylococcus葡萄球菌staphyclcoccal proteinA(SPA)葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Streptococcus链球菌Spirochete螺旋体transposon转座子transformation转化transduction转导toxemia毒血症tinea 廯toxin毒素uncoating脱壳ultraviolet ray(UV)紫外线Treponema密螺旋体属Treponema pallidum梅毒螺旋体Ureaplasma脲原体vertical transmission垂直传播vertical infection垂直感染virulence毒力virus病毒virion病毒体virology病毒学viremia病毒血症varicella-zoster virus，VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒Widal test肥达实验Well-Felix reaction 外斐反应yeast type colony 酵母形菌落yeastlike type colony类酵母形菌落。