高分子英语课文翻译

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高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译 (2)

高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译 (2)

高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering are closely related andoften used interchangeably. Polymer Science is concerned with the chemistry and physics of polymers, while Polymer Engineering teaches students how to design and manufacture polymer products. No matter which field you choose, there is constant innovation and new developments in the field of Polymer Science and Engineering.高分子科学和高分子工程密切相关,常常互换使用。

高分子科学研究聚合物的化学和物理学,而高分子工程则教授学生如何设计和制造聚合物产品。

无论您选择哪个领域,高分子科学和工程的领域中都不断有创新和新发展。

Polymers are large molecules that are made up of repeating units called monomers. These molecules are characterized by their high molecular weight, which gives them unique properties such as strength, elasticity, and durability. There are many types of polymers, including plastics, rubbers, and fibers.聚合物是由称为单体的重复单位组成的大分子。

高分子专业英语课文翻译

高分子专业英语课文翻译

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子英语课文翻译()

高分子英语课文翻译()

unit11.Not all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kind of repeating unit. At the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. Although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an amino acid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. In this case the molecular weight itself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. When the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。

在另一个极端的情形中,蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。

尽管在这个例子中,我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度,但是没有意义,因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。

在这种情况下,一般是分子量本身而不是聚合度被用来描述这个分子。

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了教学提纲

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了教学提纲

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译

高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译

Polymer Materials Engineering Professional EnglishText TranslationIntroductionAs an interdisciplinary field incorporating elements of both chemistry and engineering, Polymer Materials Engineering seeks to synthesize, process, and analyze polymers and polymer-based materialsfor a variety of industrial applications. Materials in this field can range from thermoplastics to thermosets, from elastomers to composites, and from gels to liquid crystals. The study of Polymer Materials Engineering is crucial for industries such as manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, healthcare, and electronics.To master Polymer Materials Engineering, one must not only have a solid foundation in engineering, chemistry, and physics, but also be proficient in technical English. Therefore, reading and translating English texts related to Polymer Materials Engineering is a vital skill for students and professionals in this field.In this article, we will provide a translation of an English text related to Polymer Materials Engineering, with the m of improving readers’ understanding and usage of specialized vocabulary in this field.Text TranslationOriginal English text:Rightly or wrongly, a connection often is made between themechanical performance of a polymeric material and its degree of crystallinity. The inference, however, can be incorrect as many other factors affect the mechanical response of polymer materials. Simply stated, crystalline regions are usually stronger and stiffer than amorphous regions. Generally, the degree of crystallinity that yields optimum properties depends on the polymer type and on the application.Translated text:通常我们会认为高分子材料的力学性能与其结晶度相关联,这种推论并不总是正确的。

高分子英语unit7

高分子英语unit7

第七单元Dissolving a polymer is a slow process that occurs in two stages.溶解高分子需要一个缓慢的过程,这个过程分两步发生。

First, solvent molecules slowly diffuse into the polymer to produce a swollen gel.Diffuse,vt,扩散。

Diffusion,n,扩散溶剂分子缓慢地扩散到高分子中产生溶胀凝胶。

This may be all that happens if,for example,the polymer-polymer intermolecular forces are high because of crosslinking,crystallinity·or strong hydrogen bonding.例如, 如果因交联,结晶和很强的氢键而形成很大的分子间力,(聚合物的溶解过程)有可能就只停留在这一阶段。

But if these forces can be overcome by the introduction of strong polymer-solvent in teractions, the second stage of solution can take place. 但是如果这些力被强的高分子-溶剂之间相互作用克服,溶解的第二阶段就会发生。

Here the gel gradually disintegrates into a true solution.Disintegrate,分解,崩解,分裂,蜕变;disintegrable,能(在水中)崩解的即,凝胶逐渐变成一个真正的溶液。

Only this stage can be materially speeded by agitation.Agitation,搅拌,agitate,vt,搅拌,搅动,鼓动。

高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译

高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译

专业英语词汇accordion 手风琴activation 活化(作用)addition polymer 加成聚合物,加聚物aggravate 加重,恶化agitation 搅拌agrochemical 农药,化肥Alfin catalyst 醇(碱金属)烯催化剂align 排列成行aliphatic 脂肪(族)的alkali metal 碱金属allyl 烯丙基aluminum alkyl 烷基铝amidation 酰胺化(作用)amino 氨基,氨基的amorphous 无定型的,非晶体的anionic 阴(负)离子的antioxidant 抗氧剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂aromatic 芳香(族)的arrangement (空间)排布,排列atactic 无规立构的attraction 引力,吸引backbone 主链,骨干behavior 性能,行为biological 生物(学)的biomedical 生物医学的bond dissociation energy 键断裂能boundary 界限,范围brittle 脆的,易碎的butadiene 丁二烯butyllithium 丁基锂calendering 压延成型calendering 压延carboxyl 羧基carrier 载体catalyst 催化剂,触媒categorization 分类(法)category 种类,类型cation 正[阳]离子cationic 阳(正)离子的centrifuge 离心chain reaction 连锁反应chain termination 链终止char 炭characterize 表征成为…的特征chilled water 冷冻水chlorine 氯(气)coating 涂覆cocatalyst 助催化剂coil 线团coiling 线团状的colligative 依数性colloid 胶体commence 开始,着手common salt 食盐complex 络合物compliance 柔量condensation polymer 缩合聚合物,缩聚物conductive material 导电材料conformation 构象consistency 稠度,粘稠度contaminant 污物contour 外形,轮廓controlled release 控制释放controversy 争论,争议conversion 转化率conversion 转化copolymer 共聚物copolymerization 共聚(合)corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂countercurrent 逆流crosslinking 交联crystal 基体,结晶crystalline 晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的crystalline 结晶的crystallinity 结晶性,结晶度crystallite 微晶decomposition 分解defect 缺陷deformability 变形性,变形能力deformation 形变deformation 变形degree of polymerization 聚合度dehydrogenate 使脱氢density 密度depolymerization 解聚deposit 堆积物,沉积depropagation 降解dewater 脱水diacid 二(元)酸diamine 二(元)胺dibasic 二元的dieforming 口模成型diffraction 衍射diffuse 扩散dimension 尺寸dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性dimer 二聚物(体)diol 二(元)醇diolefin 二烯烃disintegrate 分解,分散,分离dislocation 错位,位错dispersant 分散剂dissociate 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 使…溶解distort 使…变形,扭曲double bond 双键dough (生)面团,揉好的面drug 药品,药物elastic modulus 弹性模量elastomer 弹性体eliminate 消除,打开,除去elongation 伸长率,延伸率entanglement 缠结,纠缠entropy 熵equilibrium 平衡esterification 酯化(作用)evacuate 撤出extrusion 注射成型extrusion 挤出fiber 纤维flame retardant 阻燃剂flexible 柔软的flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论formulation 配方fractionation 分级fragment 碎屑,碎片fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论functional group 官能团functional polymer 功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物gel 凝胶glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度glassy 玻璃(态)的glassy 玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态globule 小球,液滴,颗粒growing chain 生长链,活性链gyration 旋转,回旋hardness 硬度heat transfer 热传递heterogeneous 不均匀的,非均匀的hydocy acid 羧基酸hydrogen 氢(气)hydrogen bonding 氢键hydrostatic 流体静力学hydroxyl 烃基hypothetical 假定的,理想的,有前提的ideal 理想的,概念的imagine 想象,推测imbed 嵌入,埋入,包埋imperfect 不完全的improve 增进,改善impurity 杂质indispensable 不了或缺的infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法ingredient 成分initiation (链)引发initiator 引发剂inorganic polymer 无机聚合物interaction 相互作用interchain 链间的interlink 把…相互连接起来连接intermittent 间歇式的intermolecular (作用于)分子间的intrinsic 固有的ion 离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ionic 离子的ionic polymerization 离子型聚合irradiation 照射,辐射irregularity 不规则性,不均匀的isobutylene 异丁烯isocyanate 异氰酸酯isopropylate 异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属isotactic 等规立构的isotropic 各项同性的kinetic chain length 动力学链长kinetics 动力学latent 潜在的light scattering 光散射line 衬里,贴面liquid crystal 液晶macromelecule 大分子,高分子matrix 基体,母体,基质,矩阵mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距mechanical property 力学性能,机械性能mechanism 机理medium 介质中等的,中间的minimise 最小化minimum 最小值,最小的mo(u)lding 模型mobility 流动性mobilize 运动,流动model 模型modify 改性molecular weight 分子量molecular weight distribution 分子量分布molten 熔化的monofunctional 单官能度的monomer 单体morphology 形态(学)moulding 模塑成型neutral 中性的nonelastic 非弹性的nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器number average molecular weight 数均分子量occluded 夹杂(带)的olefinic 烯烃的optimum 最佳的,最佳值[点,状态] orient 定向,取向orientation 定向oxonium 氧鎓羊packing 堆砌parameter 参数parison 型柸pattern 花纹,图样式样peculiarity 特性pendant group 侧基performance 性能,特征permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical 药品,药物,药物的,医药的phenyl sodium 苯基钠phenyllithium 苯基锂phosgene 光气,碳酰氯photosensitizer 光敏剂plastics 塑料platelet 片晶polyamide 聚酰胺polybutene 聚丁烯polycondensation 缩(合)聚(合)polydisperse 多分散的polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化(作用)polyethylene 聚乙烯polyfunctional 多官能度的polymer 聚合物【体】,高聚物polymeric 聚合(物)的polypropylene 聚苯烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯porosity 多孔性,孔隙率positive 正的,阳(性)的powdery 粉状的processing 加工,成型purity 纯度pyrolysis 热解radical 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合radius 半径random coil 无规线团random decomposition 无规降解reactent 反应物,试剂reactive 反应性的,活性的reactivity 反应性,活性reactivity ratio 竞聚率real 真是的release 解除,松开repeating unit 重复单元retract 收缩rubber 橡胶rubbery 橡胶态的rupture 断裂saturation 饱和scalp 筛子,筛分seal 密封secondary shaping operation 二次成型sedimentation 沉降(法)segment 链段segment 链段semicrystalline 半晶settle 沉淀,澄清shaping 成型side reaction 副作用simultaneously 同时,同步single bond 单键slastic parameter 弹性指数slurry 淤浆solar energy 太阳能solubility 溶解度solvent 溶剂spacer group 隔离基团sprinkle 喷洒squeeze 挤压srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】stability 稳定性stabilizer 稳定剂statistical 统计的step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合stereoregular 有规立构的,立构规整性的stoichiometric 当量的,化学计算量的strength 强度stretch 拉直,拉长stripping tower 脱单塔subdivide 细分区分substitution 取代,代替surfactant 表面活性剂swell 溶胀swollen 溶胀的synthesis 合成synthesize 合成synthetic 合成的tacky (表面)发粘的,粘连性tanker 油轮,槽车tensile strength 抗张强度terminate (链)终止tertiary 三元的,叔(特)的tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃texture 结构,组织thermoforming 热成型thermondynamically 热力学地thermoplastic 热塑性的thermoset 热固性的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛titanium trichloride 三氯化铁torsion 转矩transfer (链)转移,(热)传递triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊trimer 三聚物(体)triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾ultracentrifugation 超速离心(分离)ultrasonic 超声波uncross-linked 非交联的uniaxial 单轴的unsaturated 不饱和的unzippering 开链urethane 氨基甲酸酯variation 变化,改变vinyl 乙烯基(的)vinyl chloride 氯乙烯vinyl ether 乙烯基醚viscoelastic 黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态viscofluid state 黏流态viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量viscous 粘稠的vulcanization 硫化weight average molecular weight 重均分子量X-ray x射线x光yield 产率Young's modulus 杨氏模量课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物?什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译基本全了.doc

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译基本全了.doc

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子专业英语课文翻译

高分子专业英语课文翻译

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds. 什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子英语课文翻译

高分子英语课文翻译

unit11.Not all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kind of repeating unit. At the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. Although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an amino acid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. In this case the molecular weight itself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. When the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。

在另一个极端的情形中,蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。

尽管在这个例子中,我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度,但是没有意义,因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。

在这种情况下,一般是分子量本身而不是聚合度被用来描述这个分子。

【精品】高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译(可编辑

【精品】高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译(可编辑

高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译------------------------------------------作者------------------------------------------日期专业英语词汇accordion 手风琴 activation 活化(作用)addition polymer 加成聚合物,加聚物 aggravate 加重,恶化 agitation 搅拌 agrochemical 农药,化肥 Alfin catalyst 醇(碱金属)烯催化剂 align 排列成行 aliphatic 脂肪(族)的 alkali metal 碱金属 allyl 烯丙基aluminum alkyl 烷基铝 amidation 酰胺化(作用) amino 氨基,氨基的 amorphous 无定型的,非晶体的 anionic 阴(负)离子的 antioxidant 抗氧剂 antistatic agent 抗静电剂 aromatic 芳香(族)的 arrangement (空间)排布,排列 atactic 无规立构的 attraction 引力,吸引 backbone 主链,骨干 behavior 性能,行为 biological 生物(学)的 biomedical 生物医学的bond dissociation energy 键断裂能 boundary 界限,范围 brittle 脆的,易碎的 butadiene 丁二烯 butyllithium 丁基锂 calendering 压延成型 calendering 压延 carboxyl 羧基 carrier 载体catalyst 催化剂,触媒 categorization 分类(法) category 种类,类型 cation 正[阳]离子cationic 阳(正)离子的 centrifuge 离心 chain reaction 连锁反应 chain termination 链终止 char 炭 characterize 表征成为…的特征 chilled water 冷冻水 chlorine 氯(气) coating 涂覆 cocatalyst 助催化剂 coil 线团 coiling 线团状的 colligative 依数性 colloid 胶体 commence 开始,着手 common salt 食盐 complex 络合物 compliance 柔量 condensation polymer 缩合聚合物,缩聚物conductive material 导电材料 conformation 构象 consistency 稠度,粘稠度 contaminant 污物 contour 外形,轮廓controlled release 控制释放 controversy 争论,争议 conversion 转化率 conversion 转化 copolymer 共聚物 copolymerization 共聚(合) corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂 countercurrent 逆流 crosslinking 交联 crystal 基体,结晶 crystalline 晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的crystalline 结晶的 crystallinity 结晶性,结晶度 crystallite 微晶 decomposition 分解 defect 缺陷 deformability 变形性,变形能力 deformation 形变 deformation 变形degree of polymerization 聚合度 dehydrogenate 使脱氢 density 密度depolymerization 解聚 deposit 堆积物,沉积 depropagation 降解 dewater 脱水diacid 二(元)酸 diamine 二(元)胺 dibasic 二元的 dieforming 口模成型 diffraction 衍射 diffuse 扩散 dimension 尺寸 dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性 dimer 二聚物(体) diol 二(元)醇 diolefin 二烯烃 disintegrate 分解,分散,分离 dislocation 错位,位错 dispersant 分散剂 dissociate 离解 dissolution 溶解dissolve 使…溶解distort 使…变形,扭曲 double bond 双键dough (生)面团,揉好的面 drug 药品,药物elastic modulus 弹性模量 elastomer 弹性体 eliminate 消除,打开,除去 elongation 伸长率,延伸率 entanglement 缠结,纠缠 entropy 熵 equilibrium 平衡 esterification 酯化(作用) evacuate 撤出 extrusion 注射成型 extrusion 挤出 fiber 纤维flame retardant 阻燃剂 flexible 柔软的flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论 formulation 配方 fractionation 分级 fragment 碎屑,碎片 fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论 functional group 官能团 functional polymer 功能聚合物 functionalized polymer 功能聚合物 gel 凝胶glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度 glassy 玻璃(态)的 glassy 玻璃态的 glassy state 玻璃态 globule 小球,液滴,颗粒 growing chain 生长链,活性链 gyration 旋转,回旋 hardness 硬度 heat transfer 热传递 heterogeneous 不均匀的,非均匀的 hydocy acid 羧基酸 hydrogen 氢(气) hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrostatic 流体静力学 hydroxyl 烃基 hypothetical 假定的,理想的,有前提的 ideal 理想的,概念的 imagine 想象,推测imbed 嵌入,埋入,包埋 imperfect 不完全的 improve 增进,改善 impurity 杂质 indispensable 不了或缺的 infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法 ingredient 成分 initiation (链)引发 initiator 引发剂inorganic polymer 无机聚合物 interaction 相互作用 interchain 链间的interlink 把…相互连接起来连接 intermittent 间歇式的 intermolecular (作用于)分子间的 intrinsic 固有的 ion 离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂 ionic 离子的 ionic polymerization 离子型聚合 irradiation 照射,辐射 irregularity 不规则性,不均匀的 isobutylene 异丁烯 isocyanate 异氰酸酯 isopropylate 异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属isotactic 等规立构的 isotropic 各项同性的 kinetic chain length 动力学链长 kinetics 动力学 latent 潜在的light scattering 光散射 line 衬里,贴面 liquid crystal 液晶macromelecule 大分子,高分子 matrix 基体,母体,基质,矩阵 mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距mechanical property 力学性能,机械性能mechanism 机理medium 介质中等的,中间的 minimise 最小化 minimum 最小值,最小的 mo(u)lding 模型 mobility 流动性 mobilize 运动,流动 model 模型 modify 改性molecular weight 分子量 molecular weight distribution 分子量分布molten 熔化的monofunctional 单官能度的 monomer 单体 morphology 形态(学) moulding 模塑成型 neutral 中性的 nonelastic 非弹性的nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振 nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器 number average molecular weight 数均分子量occluded 夹杂(带)的 olefinic 烯烃的optimum 最佳的,最佳值[点,状态] orient 定向,取向 orientation 定向 oxonium 氧鎓羊 packing 堆砌 parameter 参数 parison 型柸pattern 花纹,图样式样 peculiarity 特性 pendant group 侧基 performance 性能,特征 permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical 药品,药物,药物的,医药的phenyl sodium 苯基钠 phenyllithium 苯基锂 phosgene 光气,碳酰氯 photosensitizer 光敏剂 plastics 塑料 platelet 片晶 polyamide 聚酰胺 polybutene 聚丁烯polycondensation 缩(合)聚(合) polydisperse 多分散的 polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化(作用) polyethylene 聚乙烯 polyfunctional 多官能度的 polymer 聚合物【体】,高聚物 polymeric 聚合(物)的 polypropylene 聚苯烯 polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇 polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯 porosity 多孔性,孔隙率 positive 正的,阳(性)的 powdery 粉状的 processing 加工,成型 purity 纯度 pyrolysis 热解 radical 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radius 半径 random coil 无规线团 random decomposition 无规降解 reactent 反应物,试剂reactive 反应性的,活性的 reactivity 反应性,活性 reactivity ratio 竞聚率 real 真是的 release 解除,松开 repeating unit 重复单元 retract 收缩 rubber 橡胶 rubbery 橡胶态的 rupture 断裂 saturation 饱和 scalp 筛子,筛分 seal 密封secondary shaping operation 二次成型 sedimentation 沉降(法) segment 链段 segment 链段semicrystalline 半晶 settle 沉淀,澄清 shaping 成型 side reaction 副作用 simultaneously 同时,同步 single bond 单键 slastic parameter 弹性指数 slurry 淤浆 solar energy 太阳能 solubility 溶解度 solvent 溶剂 spacer group 隔离基团 sprinkle 喷洒 squeeze 挤压srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】 stability 稳定性 stabilizer 稳定剂 statistical 统计的step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合 stereoregular 有规立构的,立构规整性的stoichiometric 当量的,化学计算量的 strength 强度stretch 拉直,拉长 stripping tower 脱单塔 subdivide 细分区分 substitution 取代,代替 surfactant 表面活性剂 swell 溶胀 swollen 溶胀的 synthesis 合成 synthesize 合成 synthetic 合成的tacky (表面)发粘的 ,粘连性 tanker 油轮,槽车tensile strength 抗张强度 terminate (链)终止tertiary 三元的,叔(特)的tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃 texture 结构,组织 thermoforming 热成型 thermondynamically 热力学地 thermoplastic 热塑性的 thermoset 热固性的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛 titanium trichloride 三氯化铁 torsion 转矩transfer (链)转移,(热)传递 triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊trimer 三聚物(体)triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾 ultracentrifugation 超速离心(分离) ultrasonic 超声波 uncross-linked 非交联的 uniaxial 单轴的 unsaturated 不饱和的 unzippering 开链 urethane 氨基甲酸酯 variation 变化,改变 vinyl 乙烯基(的) vinyl chloride 氯乙烯 vinyl ether 乙烯基醚 viscoelastic 黏弹性的 viscoelastic state 黏弹态 viscofluid state 黏流态 viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量viscous 粘稠的 vulcanization 硫化weight average molecular weight 重均分子量X-ray x射线 x光 yield 产率Young's modulus 杨氏模量课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物?什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译

高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译

专业英语词汇accordion 手风琴 activation 活化(作用)addition polymer 加成聚合物,加聚物 aggravate 加重,恶化 agitation 搅拌 agrochemical 农药,化肥 Alfin catalyst 醇(碱金属)烯催化剂 align 排列成行 aliphatic 脂肪(族)的 alkali metal 碱金属 allyl 烯丙基aluminum alkyl 烷基铝 amidation 酰胺化(作用) amino 氨基,氨基的 amorphous 无定型的,非晶体的 anionic 阴(负)离子的 antioxidant 抗氧剂 antistatic agent 抗静电剂 aromatic 芳香(族)的 arrangement (空间)排布,排列 atactic 无规立构的 attraction 引力,吸引 backbone 主链,骨干 behavior 性能,行为 biological 生物(学)的 biomedical 生物医学的bond dissociation energy 键断裂能 boundary 界限,范围 brittle 脆的,易碎的 butadiene 丁二烯 butyllithium 丁基锂 calendering 压延成型 calendering 压延 carboxyl 羧基 carrier 载体catalyst 催化剂,触媒 categorization 分类(法) category 种类,类型 cation 正[阳]离子cationic 阳(正)离子的 centrifuge 离心 chain reaction 连锁反应 chain termination 链终止 char 炭 characterize 表征成为…的特征 chilled water 冷冻水 chlorine 氯(气) coating 涂覆 cocatalyst 助催化剂 coil 线团 coiling 线团状的 colligative 依数性 colloid 胶体 commence 开始,着手 common salt 食盐 complex 络合物 compliance 柔量 condensation polymer 缩合聚合物,缩聚物conductive material 导电材料 conformation 构象 consistency 稠度,粘稠度 contaminant 污物 contour 外形,轮廓controlled release 控制释放 controversy 争论,争议 conversion 转化率 conversion 转化 copolymer 共聚物 copolymerization 共聚(合) corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂 countercurrent 逆流 crosslinking 交联 crystal 基体,结晶 crystalline 晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的crystalline 结晶的 crystallinity 结晶性,结晶度 crystallite 微晶 decomposition 分解 defect 缺陷 deformability 变形性,变形能力 deformation 形变 deformation 变形degree of polymerization 聚合度 dehydrogenate 使脱氢 density 密度depolymerization 解聚 deposit 堆积物,沉积 depropagation 降解 dewater 脱水diacid 二(元)酸 diamine 二(元)胺 dibasic 二元的 dieforming 口模成型 diffraction 衍射 diffuse 扩散 dimension 尺寸 dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性 dimer 二聚物(体) diol 二(元)醇 diolefin 二烯烃 disintegrate 分解,分散,分离 dislocation 错位,位错 dispersant 分散剂 dissociate 离解 dissolution 溶解dissolve 使…溶解distort 使…变形,扭曲 double bond 双键dough (生)面团,揉好的面 drug 药品,药物elastic modulus 弹性模量 elastomer 弹性体 eliminate 消除,打开,除去 elongation 伸长率,延伸率 entanglement 缠结,纠缠 entropy 熵 equilibrium 平衡 esterification 酯化(作用) evacuate 撤出 extrusion 注射成型 extrusion 挤出 fiber 纤维flame retardant 阻燃剂 flexible 柔软的flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论 formulation 配方 fractionation 分级 fragment 碎屑,碎片 fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论 functional group 官能团 functional polymer 功能聚合物 functionalized polymer 功能聚合物 gel 凝胶glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度 glassy 玻璃(态)的 glassy 玻璃态的 glassy state 玻璃态 globule 小球,液滴,颗粒 growing chain 生长链,活性链 gyration 旋转,回旋 hardness 硬度 heat transfer 热传递 heterogeneous 不均匀的,非均匀的 hydocy acid 羧基酸 hydrogen 氢(气) hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrostatic 流体静力学 hydroxyl 烃基 hypothetical 假定的,理想的,有前提的 ideal 理想的,概念的 imagine 想象,推测imbed 嵌入,埋入,包埋 imperfect 不完全的 improve 增进,改善 impurity 杂质 indispensable 不了或缺的 infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法 ingredient 成分 initiation (链)引发 initiator 引发剂inorganic polymer 无机聚合物 interaction 相互作用 interchain 链间的interlink 把…相互连接起来连接 intermittent 间歇式的 intermolecular (作用于)分子间的 intrinsic 固有的 ion 离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂 ionic 离子的 ionic polymerization 离子型聚合 irradiation 照射,辐射 irregularity 不规则性,不均匀的 isobutylene 异丁烯 isocyanate 异氰酸酯 isopropylate 异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属isotactic 等规立构的 isotropic 各项同性的 kinetic chain length 动力学链长 kinetics 动力学 latent 潜在的light scattering 光散射 line 衬里,贴面 liquid crystal 液晶macromelecule 大分子,高分子 matrix 基体,母体,基质,矩阵 mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距mechanical property 力学性能,机械性能mechanism 机理medium 介质中等的,中间的 minimise 最小化 minimum 最小值,最小的 mo(u)lding 模型 mobility 流动性 mobilize 运动,流动 model 模型 modify 改性molecular weight 分子量 molecular weight distribution 分子量分布molten 熔化的monofunctional 单官能度的 monomer 单体 morphology 形态(学) moulding 模塑成型 neutral 中性的 nonelastic 非弹性的nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振 nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器 number average molecular weight 数均分子量occluded 夹杂(带)的 olefinic 烯烃的optimum 最佳的,最佳值[点,状态] orient 定向,取向 orientation 定向 oxonium 氧鎓羊 packing 堆砌 parameter 参数 parison 型柸pattern 花纹,图样式样 peculiarity 特性 pendant group 侧基 performance 性能,特征 permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical 药品,药物,药物的,医药的phenyl sodium 苯基钠 phenyllithium 苯基锂 phosgene 光气,碳酰氯 photosensitizer 光敏剂 plastics 塑料 platelet 片晶 polyamide 聚酰胺 polybutene 聚丁烯polycondensation 缩(合)聚(合) polydisperse 多分散的 polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化(作用) polyethylene 聚乙烯 polyfunctional 多官能度的 polymer 聚合物【体】,高聚物 polymeric 聚合(物)的 polypropylene 聚苯烯 polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇 polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯 porosity 多孔性,孔隙率 positive 正的,阳(性)的 powdery 粉状的 processing 加工,成型 purity 纯度 pyrolysis 热解 radical 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radius 半径 random coil 无规线团 random decomposition 无规降解 reactent 反应物,试剂reactive 反应性的,活性的 reactivity 反应性,活性 reactivity ratio 竞聚率 real 真是的 release 解除,松开 repeating unit 重复单元 retract 收缩 rubber 橡胶 rubbery 橡胶态的 rupture 断裂 saturation 饱和 scalp 筛子,筛分 seal 密封secondary shaping operation 二次成型 sedimentation 沉降(法) segment 链段 segment 链段semicrystalline 半晶 settle 沉淀,澄清 shaping 成型 side reaction 副作用 simultaneously 同时,同步 single bond 单键 slastic parameter 弹性指数 slurry 淤浆 solar energy 太阳能 solubility 溶解度 solvent 溶剂 spacer group 隔离基团 sprinkle 喷洒 squeeze 挤压srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】 stability 稳定性 stabilizer 稳定剂 statistical 统计的step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合 stereoregular 有规立构的,立构规整性的stoichiometric 当量的,化学计算量的 strength 强度stretch 拉直,拉长 stripping tower 脱单塔 subdivide 细分区分 substitution 取代,代替 surfactant 表面活性剂 swell 溶胀 swollen 溶胀的 synthesis 合成 synthesize 合成 synthetic 合成的tacky (表面)发粘的 ,粘连性 tanker 油轮,槽车tensile strength 抗张强度 terminate (链)终止tertiary 三元的,叔(特)的tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃 texture 结构,组织 thermoforming 热成型 thermondynamically 热力学地 thermoplastic 热塑性的 thermoset 热固性的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛 titanium trichloride 三氯化铁 torsion 转矩transfer (链)转移,(热)传递 triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊trimer 三聚物(体)triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾 ultracentrifugation 超速离心(分离) ultrasonic 超声波 uncross-linked 非交联的 uniaxial 单轴的 unsaturated 不饱和的 unzippering 开链 urethane 氨基甲酸酯 variation 变化,改变 vinyl 乙烯基(的) vinyl chloride 氯乙烯 vinyl ether 乙烯基醚 viscoelastic 黏弹性的 viscoelastic state 黏弹态 viscofluid state 黏流态 viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量viscous 粘稠的 vulcanization 硫化weight average molecular weight 重均分子量X-ray x射线 x光 yield 产率Young's modulus 杨氏模量课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物?什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译

高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译

专业英语词汇accordion手风琴activation活化(作用)additionpolymer加成聚合物,加聚物aggravate加重,恶化agitation搅拌agrochemical农药,化肥Alfincatalyst醇(碱金属)烯催化剂align排列成行aliphatic脂肪(族)的alkalimetal碱金属allyl烯丙基aluminumalkyl烷基铝amidation酰胺化(作用)amino氨基,氨基的amorphous无定型的,非晶体的anionic阴(负)离子的antioxidant抗氧剂antistaticagent抗静电剂aromatic芳香(族)的arrangement(空间)排布,排列atactic无规立构的attraction引力,吸引backbone 主链,骨干behavior性能,行为biological生物(学)的biomedical生物医学的bonddissociationenergy键断裂能boundary界限,范围brittle脆的,易碎的butadiene丁二烯butyllithium丁基锂calendering压延成型calendering压延carboxyl羧基carrier载体catalyst催化剂,触媒categorization分类(法)category种类,类型cation正[阳]离子cationic阳(正)离子的centrifuge离心chainreaction连锁反应chaintermination链终止char 炭characterize表征成为…的特征chilledwater冷冻水chlorine氯(气)coating涂覆cocatalyst 助催化剂coil线团coiling线团状的colligative依数性colloid胶体commence开始,着手commonsalt食盐complex络合物compliance柔量condensationpolymer缩合聚合物,缩聚物conductivematerial导电材料conformation构象consistency稠度,粘稠度contaminant污物contour外形,轮廓controlledrelease控制释放controversy争论,争议conversion转化率conversion转化copolymer 共聚物copolymerization共聚(合)corrosioninhibitor缓释剂countercurrent逆流crosslinking 交联crystal基体,结晶crystalline晶体,晶态,结晶的,晶态的crystalline结晶的crystallinity结晶性,结晶度crystallite微晶decomposition分解defect缺陷deformability变形性,变形能力deformation形变deformation变形degreeofpolymerization聚合度dehydrogenate使脱氢density密度depolymerization解聚deposit堆积物,沉积depropagation降解dewater脱水diacid二(元)酸diamine二(元)胺dibasic二元的dieforming口模成型diffraction衍射diffuse 扩散dimension尺寸dimensionalstability尺寸稳定性dimer二聚物(体)diol二(元)醇diolefin 二烯烃disintegrate分解,分散,分离dislocation错位,位错dispersant分散剂dissociate离解dissolution溶解dissolve使…溶解distort使…变形,扭曲doublebond双键dough(生)面团,揉好的面drug药品,药物elasticmodulus弹性模量elastomer弹性体eliminate消除,打开,除去elongation伸长率,延伸率entanglement缠结,纠缠entropy熵equilibrium平衡esterification酯化(作用)evacuate 撤出extrusion注射成型extrusion挤出fiber纤维flameretardant阻燃剂flexible柔软的flocculatingagent絮凝剂folded-chainlamellatheory折叠链片晶理论formulation配方fractionation分级fragment碎屑,碎片fringed-micelletheory缨状微束理论functionalgroup官能团functionalpolymer功能聚合物functionalizedpolymer功能聚合物gel凝胶glasstransitiontemperature玻璃化温度glassy玻璃(态)的glassy玻璃态的glassystate玻璃态globule小球,液滴,颗粒growingchain生长链,活性链gyration旋转,回旋hardness硬度heattransfer热传递heterogeneous不均匀的,非均匀的hydocyacid羧基酸hydrogen氢(气)hydrogenbonding氢键hydrostatic流体静力学hydroxyl烃基hypothetical假定的,理想的,有前提的ideal理想的,概念的imagine想象,推测imbed嵌入,埋入,包埋imperfect不完全的improve增进,改善impurity杂质indispensable 不了或缺的infraredspectroscopy红外光谱法ingredient成分initiation(链)引发initiator引发剂inorganicpolymer无机聚合物interaction相互作用interchain链间的interlink把…相互连接起来连接intermittent间歇式的intermolecular(作用于)分子间的intrinsic固有的ion离子ionexchangeresin离子交换树脂ionic离子的ionicpolymerization离子型聚合irradiation照射,辐射irregularity不规则性,不均匀的isobutylene异丁烯isocyanate异氰酸酯isopropylate异丙醇金属,异丙氧化金属isotactic等规立构的isotropic各项同性的kineticchainlength动力学链长kinetics动力学latent 潜在的lightscattering光散射line衬里,贴面liquidcrystal液晶macromelecule大分子,高分子matrix基体,母体,基质,矩阵mean-aquareend-to-enddistance 均方末端距mechanicalproperty力学性能,机械性能mechanism机理medium介质中等的,中间的minimise最小化minimum最小值,最小的mo(u)lding模型mobility流动性mobilize运动,流动model模型modify改性molecularweight分子量molecularweightdistribution分子量分布molten熔化的monofunctional单官能度的monomer单体morphology形态(学)moulding模塑成型neutral 中性的nonelastic非弹性的nuclearmagneticresonance核磁共振nucleartrackdetector核径迹探测器numberaveragemolecularweight数均分子量occluded夹杂(带)的olefinic烯烃的optimum最佳的,最佳值[点,状态]orient定向,取向orientation定向oxonium氧鎓羊packing 堆砌parameter参数parison型柸pattern花纹,图样式样peculiarity特性pendantgroup侧基performance性能,特征permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical药品,药物,药物的,医药的phenylsodium苯基钠phenyllithium苯基锂phosgene光气,碳酰氯photosensitizer光敏剂plastics塑料platelet片晶polyamide聚酰胺polybutene聚丁烯polycondensation缩(合)聚(合)polydisperse多分散的polydispersity多分散性polyesterification聚酯化(作用)polyethylene聚乙烯polyfunctional多官能度的polymer聚合物【体】,高聚物polymeric聚合(物)的polypropylene聚苯烯polystyrene聚苯乙烯polyvinylalcohol聚乙烯醇polyvinylchloride聚氯乙烯porosity多孔性,孔隙率positive正的,阳(性)的powdery粉状的processing加工,成型purity纯度pyrolysis热解radical自由基radicalpolymerization自由基聚合radius半径randomcoil无规线团randomdecomposition无规降解reactent反应物,试剂reactive反应性的,活性的reactivity反应性,活性reactivityratio竞聚率real真是的release 解除,松开repeatingunit重复单元retract收缩rubber橡胶rubbery橡胶态的rupture断裂saturation饱和scalp筛子,筛分seal密封secondaryshapingoperation二次成型sedimentation沉降(法)segment链段segment链段semicrystalline半晶settle沉淀,澄清shaping成型sidereaction副作用simultaneously同时,同步singlebond单键slasticparameter弹性指数slurry淤浆solarenergy太阳能solubility溶解度solvent溶剂spacergroup隔离基团sprinkle喷洒squeeze挤压srereoregularity立构规整性【度】stability稳定性stabilizer稳定剂statistical统计的step-growthpolymerization逐步聚合stereoregular有规立构的,立构规整性的stoichiometric当量的,化学计算量的strength强度stretch拉直,拉长strippingtower脱单塔subdivide细分区分substitution取代,代替surfactant 表面活性剂swell溶胀swollen溶胀的synthesis合成synthesize合成synthetic合成的tacky(表面)发粘的,粘连性tanker油轮,槽车tensilestrength抗张强度terminate(链)终止tertiary三元的,叔(特)的tetrahydrofuran四氢呋喃texture结构,组织thermoforming热成型thermondynamically热力学地thermoplastic热塑性的thermoset热固性的three-dimensionallyordered三维有序的titaniumtetrachloride四氯化钛titaniumtrichloride三氯化铁torsion转矩transfer(链)转移,(热)传递triethyloxonium-borofluoride三乙基硼氟酸羊trimer三聚物(体)triphenylenthylpotassium三苯甲基钾ultracentrifugation超速离心(分离)ultrasonic超声波uncross-linked非交联的uniaxial单轴的unsaturated不饱和的unzippering开链urethane氨基甲酸酯variation变化,改变vinyl乙烯基(的)vinylchloride氯乙烯vinylether乙烯基醚viscoelastic黏弹性的viscoelasticstate黏弹态viscofluidstate黏流态viscosity黏度viscosityaveragemolecularweight黏均分子量viscous粘稠的vulcanization硫化weightaveragemolecularweight重均分子量X-rayx射线x光yield产率Young'smodulus杨氏模量课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物什么是高聚物首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

高分子材料与工程专业英语课文翻译(精品文档)

高分子材料与工程专业英语课文翻译(精品文档)

UNIT 1 What are Polymer?什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

与低分子化合物不同的是,普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5,而高聚物的分子量高于105,甚至大于106。

这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。

小分子相互结合形成大分子,大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。

举例说明,想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。

当这些环相互连接起来,可以把形成的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高聚物。

另一方面,独特的环可以大小不同、材料不同,相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合物组成的聚合物。

许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称,poly意味着“多、聚、重复”,mer意味着“链节、基体”(希腊语中)。

例如:称为丁二烯的气态化合物,分子量为54,化合将近4000次,得到分子量大约为200000被称作聚丁二烯(合成橡胶)的高聚物。

形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。

下面简单地描述一下形成过程:因而能够看到分子量仅为54的小分子物质(单体)如何逐渐形成分子量为200000的大分子(高聚物)。

实质上,正是由于聚合物的巨大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于象苯这样的一般化合物。

例如,固态苯,在5.5℃熔融成液态苯,进一步加热,煮沸成气态苯。

与这类简单化合物明确的行为相比,像聚乙烯这样的聚合物不能在某一特定的温度快速地熔融成纯净的液体。

而聚合物变得越来越软,最终,变成十分粘稠的聚合物熔融体。

将这种热而粘稠的聚合物熔融体进一步加热,不会转变成各种气体,但它不再是聚乙烯(如图1.1)。

发现另一种不同的聚合物行为和低分子量化合物行为是关于溶解过程。

例如,让我们研究一下,将氯化钠慢慢地添加到固定量的水中。

盐,代表一种低分子量化合物,在水中达到点(叫饱和点)溶解,但,此后,进一步添加盐不进入溶液中却沉到底部而保持原有的固体状态。

饱和盐溶液的粘度与水的粘度不是十分不同,但是,如果我们用聚合物替代,譬如说,将聚乙烯醇添加到固定量的水中,聚合物不是马上进入到溶液中。

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版课文翻译(基本全了

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物?What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds. 什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

最全高分子英语课文翻译

最全高分子英语课文翻译

课文翻译第一单元什么是高聚物?什么是高聚物?首先,他们是合成物和大分子,而且不同于低分子化合物,譬如说普通的盐。

与低分子化合物不同的是,普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5,而高聚物的分子量高于105 ,甚至大于106 。

这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。

小分子相互结合形成大分子,大分子能够是一种或多种化合物。

举例说明,想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。

当这些环相互连接起来,可以把形成的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高聚物。

另一方面,独特的环可以大小不同、材料不同,相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合物组成的聚合物。

许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称,poly意味着“多、聚、重复”,mer意味着“链节、基体”(希腊语中)。

例如:称为丁二烯的气态化合物,分子量为54,化合将近4000次,得到分子量大约为200000被称作聚丁二烯(合成橡胶)的高聚物。

形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。

下面简单地描述一下形成过程:丁二烯+丁二烯+…+丁二烯——→聚丁二烯(4000次)因而能够看到分子量仅为54的小分子物质(单体)如何逐渐形成分子量为200000的大分子(高聚物)。

实质上,正是由于聚合物的巨大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于象苯这样的一般化合物。

例如,固态苯,在5.5℃熔融成液态苯,进一步加热,煮沸成气态苯。

与这类简单化合物明确的行为相比,像聚乙烯这样的聚合物不能在某一特定的温度快速地熔融成纯净的液体。

而聚合物变得越来越软,最终,变成十分粘稠的聚合物熔融体。

将这种热而粘稠的聚合物熔融体进一步加热,不会转变成各种气体,但它不再是聚乙烯(如图1.1)。

固态苯——→液态苯——→气态苯加热,5.5℃加热,80℃固体聚乙烯——→熔化的聚乙烯——→各种分解产物-但不是聚乙烯加热加热图1.1 低分子量化合物(苯)和聚合物(聚乙烯)受热后的不同行为发现另一种不同的聚合物行为和低分子量化合物行为是关于溶解过程。

例如,让我们研究一下,将氯化钠慢慢地添加到固定量的水中。

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高分子英语课文翻译公司标准化编码 [QQX96QT-XQQB89Q8-NQQJ6Q8-MQM9N]unit1all polymers are built up from bonding together a single kind of repeating unit. At the other extreme ,protein molecules are polyamides in which n amino acide repeat units are bonded together. Although we might still call n the degree of polymerization in this case, it is less usefull,since an amino acid unit might be any one of some 20-odd molecules that are found in proteins. In this case the molecular weight itself,rather than the degree of the polymerization ,is generally used to describe the molecule. When the actual content of individual amino acids is known,it is their sequence that is of special interest to biochemists and molecular biologists.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。

在另一个极端的情形中,蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。

尽管在这个例子中,我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度,但是没有意义,因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。

在这种情况下,一般是分子量本身而不是聚合度被用来描述这个分子。

当知道了特定的氨基酸分子的实际含量,它们的序列正是生物化学家和分子生物学家特别感兴趣的地方。

1,题目:Another striking ...答案:.that quantity low saturation bottom much absorb2. 乙烯分子带有一个双键,为一种烯烃,它可以通过连锁聚合大量地制造聚乙烯,目前,聚乙烯已经广泛应用于许多技术领域和人们的日常生活中,成为一种不可缺少的材料。

Ethylene molecule with a double bond, as a kind of olefins, it can make chain polymerization polyethylene, at present, polyethylene has been widely used in many fields of technology and People's Daily life, become a kind of indispensable materials.Unit31 The polymerization rate may be experimentally followed by measuring the changes in any of several properties of the system such as density,refractive index,viscosity, or light absorption. Density measurements are among the most accurate and sensitive of the techniques. The density increases by 20-25 percent on polymerization for many monomers. In actual practice the volume of the polymerizing system is measured by carrying out the reaction in a dilatometer. This is specially constructed vessel with a capillary tube which allows a highly accurate measurement of small volume changes. It is not uncommon to be able to detect a few hundredths of a percent polymerization by the dilatometer technique. 聚合速率在实验上可以通过测定体系的任一性质的变化而确定,如密度、折射率、黏度、或者吸光性能。

密度的测量是这些技术中最准确最敏感的。

对许多单体的聚合来说,密度增加了20%-25%。

在实际操作中,聚合体系的体积是通过在膨胀计中进行反应测定的。

它被专门设计构造了毛细导管,在里面可以对微小体积变化进行高精确度测量。

通过膨胀计技术探测聚合过程中万分之几的变化是很常见的。

Unti42 合成聚合物在各个领域中起着与日俱增的重要作用,聚合物通常是由单体通过加成聚合与缩合聚合制成的。

就世界上的消耗量而论,聚烯烃和乙烯基聚合物居领先地位,聚乙烯、聚丙烯等属聚烯烃,而聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯等则为乙烯基聚合物。

聚合物可广泛地用作塑料、橡胶、纤维、涂料、粘合剂等The synthetic polymers play an increasingly important role on a range of domains, which are synthesized by monomers through addition polymerization or condensation polymerization. Polyolefin and vinyl polymer have taken the lead in terms of the world consumption. PE, PP, etc. belong to the polyolefin, while PS, PVC etc. belong to the vinyl polymer. Polymers can be widely applied in plastics, rubbers, fibers, coatings, glues and so on.Unit7Ring-opening polymerizations proceed only by ionic mechanisms, the polymerization of cyclic ethers mainly by cationic mechanisms, and the polymerization of lactones and lactones by either a cationic or anionic mechanism. Important initiators for cyclic ethers and lactone polymerization are those derived from aluminum alkyl and zinc alkyl/water systems. It should be pointed out that substitution near the reactive group of the monomer is essential for the individual mechanism that operates effectively in specific cases; for example, epoxides polymerize readily with cationic and anionic initiators, while fluorocarbon epoxides polymerize exclusively by anionic mechanisms.开环聚合反应只能通过离子机理进行,环醚(的开环)聚合主要通过阳离子机理,而内酯和内酰胺的聚合物是通过阳离子或阴离子机理。

对于环醚和内酯型聚合物很重要的引发剂是那些来自于烷基铝和烷基锌/水的体系。

应该指出的是(对于)在活性基团附近有取代的单体,只能由单一机理,(这一机理)是在特定条件下的有效操作,例如环氧聚合能用阳离子和阴离子引发剂,然而碳氟环氧化物的聚合只能是阴离子机理。

Unti81 Polymers can be classified into two main groups, addition polymers and___condensation__ polymers. This classification is based on whether or not the repeating unit of the polymer contains the same atoms __as____ the monomer. The repeating unit of an addition polymer is identical _with/to____ the monomer, while condensation polymers contain __different/less___ because of formation of __compound/byproduct___ during the polymerization process. The corresponding polymerization processed would then be called addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. As was mentioned earlier, this classification can result ___in__ confusion, since it has been shown in later years that many important types of polymers can be _prepared by both addition and condensation processes. For example, polyesters, polyamides and polyurethanes are usually considered to be _condensation____ polymers, but they can be prepared by addition as well as by condensation reaction. Similarly, polyethylene normally considered an _addition_ polymer, can also be prepared by _condensation_ reaction.2. Answer the following questions in English(1) What is chain polymerization Manyolefinicandvinylunsaturatedcompoundsareabletoformchain-likemacromoleculesthrougheliminationofdoublebond.(2) Which kinds of monomers can carry out step-growth polymerization process There are two kinds of monomers could carry out step-growth polymerization process. One ispolyfunctionalmonomers and the other isasinglemonomercontainingbothtypesoffunctional groups.(3) What properties of polymers can be based on for measuring the molecular weightThe molecular weight of polymer could be measured based on colligativeproperties, lightscattering, viscosity, ultracentrifugation sedimentation.3. Please write out at least 10 kinds of polymers both in English and in Chinese(1) Please write out at least 10 kinds of monomers both in English and in Chinese and the corresponging chemical structure5 In general,head-to-tail addition is considered to be the predominant mode of propagation in all polymerizations。

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