跨文化交际案例分析
跨文化交际案例分析
跨文化交际案例分析 LEKIBM standardization office【IBM5AB- LEKIBMK08- LEKIBM2C】Case Study 1 Age and Status两位同事的矛盾使一家数据处理公司的总经理遇到了麻烦。
一方是一位踌躇满志的法裔加拿大小伙子,另一方是一位有特许签证的年长的中国女性,而此前两人确实很好的合作伙伴…..Case description:A manager in a data-processing company was having difficulty dealing with a conflict between a young, ambitious French Canadian male and his co-worker, an older Chinese woman who was on a special visa from China. She had recently become uncooperative and had made it clear to the manager that she would not be willing to travel to the capital with her co-worker to hold discussion with legislators about a new product with great enthusiasm.When the manager asked her what the problem was, he received no clear explanation. When he asked her co-worker, the young man had no insights to offer. The young French Canadian was clearly annoyed, however, that the Chinese woman was refusing to share her data with him. That meant he couldn’t make the presentation to the legislators because she had all the key data on her computer disks.The manager repeated questions to her but her “problem” got nowhere. So he changed his approach. He began explaining his concerns, as manger and as spokesperson for the company, about the upcoming meeting with legislators. His explanation about his position was unemotional. In that climate she then felt she could explain her position. She revealed she felt that that as an older, and to her mind, more senior person, she should not be sent to the capitol with a younger employee who would do the presentation of material she had worked hard to develop. That would diminish her status, she felt. The general manger knew the root of his headache.Questions:1.What do you think caused the conflict?2. What would you do to resolve the conflict if you were the general manager?矛盾冲突这位年长的中国女士投入极大的热情和精力开发产品.却在最后的关键时刻拒绝与年轻的同事一同去向议员做推介:当经理和同事问其原因.她并未做任何明确的回答:而当经理改变策略,不再直接询问原因,而是迂回地讲起自己的困境时,她才道出自己的顾虑。
跨文化交际不成功的案例
跨文化交际不成功的案例
1. 麦当劳在印度
在20世纪90年代,麦当劳试图在印度扩展其业务。
然而,麦当劳的典型汉堡和肉类菜肴并不适合印度人的饮食习惯,因此没有受到欢迎。
此外,印度的文化和信仰禁止食用牛肉,而麦当劳的其中一种汉堡就是以牛肉作为主要成分。
在未能适应当地饮食习惯的情况下,麦当劳最终退出了印度市场。
2. 比萨宜家在中国
比萨宜家是一家意大利披萨连锁店,在中国开设了多家分店。
公司所选用的品牌名称“比萨宜家”,在中文中音近“屄死你家”的粗俗语言,因而在当地受到负面反应。
此外,比萨宜家在中国分店所提供的菜品也未能符合当地食物传统,因此未能获得中国消费者的广泛认可。
3. 成功咖啡在菲律宾
英国咖啡连锁店成功咖啡试图在菲律宾扩展业务,但没有考虑到当地消费者倾向于喝冷饮,而成功咖啡的菜单主要是以热咖啡和茶为主。
此外,店内的装饰和氛围也与当地文化和咖啡文化不太相符,未能吸引菲律宾的消费者。
4. 外企在日本
外国企业在日本也面临着许多文化差异的挑战。
例如,日本公司经常强调集体决策和团队合作,而许多西方企业则更注重个人表现和工作独立性。
此外,在日本文化中,劳动力的稳定性和长期受雇是重要的价值观,而美国和欧洲的企业往往更注重短期成果和利润。
这些文化差异可能导致沟通和协作的问题,从而妨碍了外国企业在日本的发展。
跨文化交际案例分析题及答案
跨文化交际案例分析题及答案案例描述在跨国公司A的一个国际会议上,来自不同国家的员工们需要共同讨论一个重要项目。
会议进行了几天,但是却一直没有取得明确的进展。
不同国家的员工语言文化差异导致了沟通障碍,讨论过程中出现了许多误解和纠纷。
公司高层深感困惑,希望找到解决这个问题的方法。
障碍分析1. 语言障碍跨国公司A的员工来自不同的国家,他们使用的是各自母语进行交流。
除了英语是共同的工作语言外,其他国别的员工使用的语言差异较大。
这种语言差异导致了语言表达的不准确和理解的模糊,使得员工们无法正常交流和理解对方。
2. 文化差异不同国家的员工具有不同的文化背景和价值观念,这导致了他们在讨论过程中产生了误解和冲突。
文化差异可以涉及到对时间观念、权力关系、政治正确性和个人自由等方面的不同理解,这些差异会影响到他们的决策方式和工作方式,导致合作的困难。
解决方案1. 提供语言支持和培训跨文化交际的第一个挑战是语言障碍。
为了解决这个问题,公司可以提供语言支持和培训,以帮助员工们提高英语或共同工作语言的能力。
这可通过组织语言培训课程,雇佣专业翻译人员或提供翻译工具等方式实现。
提供语言支持和培训可以降低语言障碍,提高员工之间的沟通效率。
2. 开展跨文化培训除了语言障碍外,文化差异也是讨论中的一个重要问题。
公司可以组织跨文化培训,帮助员工了解不同文化之间的差异,并教授他们如何在跨文化环境中进行有效的沟通和合作。
该培训可以包括介绍不同文化的价值观、信念和行为准则,以及跨文化冲突解决的技巧和策略。
通过开展跨文化培训,可以提高员工对文化差异的认识和理解,促进跨文化交际的顺利进行。
3. 引入跨文化中介人为了解决跨文化交际中的难题,公司可以考虑引入跨文化中介人。
跨文化中介人是具有跨文化交际经验和能力的人员,他们可以在员工之间进行翻译和解释,协助双方理解并解决可能出现的误解和冲突。
跨文化中介人的介入可以减少员工之间的摩擦,促进合作和理解。
跨文化交际相关案例分析
材料:中国学生王兰去美国留学,她到美国发现,老师的穿着比较随便,上课的时候经常坐在桌子上。
老师上课时很少自己讲授而是提出问题让同学们讨论,作报告。
她的美国同学也不像中国学生对老师那样尊重,不但直呼其名甚至会和老师争论的面红耳赤。
王兰对老师的教学方法非常不适应,轮到她作报告时她经常觉得非常不好意思,因为老师和同学总是盯着她的眼睛看她。
在讨论时她的美国同学经常要提出问题,甚至和她争论。
这让她觉得她的美国同学对她有敌意,很不友好。
答:总体来说,该材料所反映的是由于中西文化差异而产生的文化冲突,并出现跨文化交际的障碍,造成跨文化交际的失败。
一、问题1:认识上的误区。
不同文化背景的人在交际过程中最容易犯的一个毛病是误以为对方与自己没什么两样。
中国学生王兰去美国留学,她到美国发现,老师的穿着比较随便,上课的时候经常坐在桌子上。
老师上课很少自己讲授而是提出问题让学生们讨论、作报告。
分析1:王兰认为,在中国教师表现出为人师表的形阿象,庄重,严肃,言谈举止中常带有教师的尊严,从着装上也比较讲究传统,正派,师生关系相对比较融洽,但是界线比较清楚,课堂纪律严明,要求学生认真听讲,认真记,老师提问,学生回答,学生不会主动回答问题或者自由发表自己对某个问题的看法。
这是由于王兰把中国的文化规范误认为是他人也接受的文化规范。
正是因为这样,加上缺乏跨文化意识和跨文化交际的经验,所以出现认识上的误区这一障碍。
解决1:认为别人与自己大致相同的想法十分自然,但是对于跨文化交际来说是有害的。
在进行跨文化交际的过程中,必须不断提醒自己人们有着不同的文化背景,迥异的习俗。
必须学会观察异国文化,善于与自己的文化对比,才能逐步提高自己的跨文化意识。
二、问题2:民族中心主义。
她的美国同学也不像中国学生对老师那样尊重,不但直呼其名甚至会和老师争论的面红耳赤。
分析2:所谓民族中心主义就是按照本民族文化的观念和标准去理解和衡量其他民族文化中的一切。
王兰觉得中国“尊师重道”的行为规范才是正确师生关系的表现。
跨文化交际案例分析(共7个)
《跨文化交际学概论》第七章社会交往五、宴请招待p132Case One: Setting Rules for a Guest – American Hospitality案例:When Zhang Tao traveled in America, he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill. Once after he had traveled back, he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water. Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water. Zhang Tao felt uneasy. How could the host set such rules for his guest!Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy?分析:1) In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality. They try to take care of the guest,and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease.2) In America, people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully.3) Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him.4) Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner.Case Two:案例:Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn’t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -- Quanjude -- when he arrived in Beijing.Question: Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America.分析:1) 0n the topic of hospitality, the Chinese stress on warmth and demonstrating friendship. They take the guest to a famous or luxurious restaurant to have a very good (expensive) meal to show their hospitality. And the Chinese are used to having a big meal. The more dishes they put out,the greater the warmth and friendship they show.2) In western countries, people stress on freedom. They give the guest great freedom to choose their own foods. And westerners tend to have only one main course and some juice or dessert,which is viewed as casual in the eyes of the Chinese.3) Lin lived in American surroundings and should have adjusted himself quickly to the new world (lifestyle). He should have known the custom there first, and felt more at ease in Mike’s h ome.Case Three: Equality or Hospitality for Table Manners案例:Lin Hua has accompanied an American delegation to visit China. They have experienced the hospitality of the Chinese people. After returning to America, Linhua once visited them. They were so glad to meet again. Linhua offered to host the meal, but they refused. They ordered their own dish, and Linhua ordered her own. When footing the bill, they only paid their part,and no one wanted to pay for Linhua. Linhua found them so inhospitable, though she knew the Americans would usually pay for their own food.Question: Why did Linhua find them inhospitable?分析:1) In China, to show hospitality, people tend to host the meal. And if they cannot do this, they at least will struggle to pay for the guest.2) In America, people tend to pay for themselves to show equality and independence.3) Linhua knows this custom, but from a Chinese point of view, she still finds this hard to accept, and feels it a little inhospitable.Case Four:案例:I have an American friend. I have invited him several times, and at long last he invited me to his home one day. He told me to get there at 3 p m. I thought we could chat and have a meal together. I gave him a Chinese calendar, a woman’s scarf and a bottle of Chinese white wine. He only took out a dish of nuts, a plate of bread and a bottle of wine. After two hours’ chat, I found there was no hint of a meal and said good-bye to him. He only gave me a box of chocolate as a present for the New Year. After I got home, I found the box already been opened. I was very surprised, Question: What surprised me?分析:1) In China, a visit to home always includes a meal. And the guest always bringsa relatively expensive present to the host. And the present should be well wrapped or untouched.2) In the west, a visit to home only means a meeting, not necessarily including a meal. And the present is treated not as importantly as it is in China.3) I acted in a way that was based on Chinese customs, so I felt the American way was very interesting (unusual).Case Five: Way of Entertaining Guests in China ---- Drink more and more案例:Tom, an American, went to a Chinese home for the first time. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cup was about to finish, more tea was added. He drank the second cup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then ⋯ until he was quite full. Tom was totally confused by the way of entertaining.Question: Why was Tom totally confused?分析:1) Traditional Chinese custom requires that during the course of entertaining, the host has to always pour more wine or tea to the guest’s glass or cup, and always adds more food to the guest’s plate or bowl without asking whether it’s wanted.2) Chinese guests know how to respond to this type of hospitality. They simply leave the wine, tea, or food in the container and stop having any more. But Tom, the American guest in the case didn’t know this.3) He followed the politeness rule of his culture: it’s not good manners to leave food in one’s own plate at a dinner table. Therefore, without any knowledge of the differences between the two cultures, an American guest would very likely suffer from either drinking or eating too much in such a situation.Case SixAs a foreign student at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Keiko Ihara (Japanese) was on a strict budget. She had all her tuition and books paid for by scholarships and grants and until recently was comfortably housed in the dormitory. Wanting to live in the community rather than in the dormitory, she found a small apartment to share with a friend. Her college friends, knowing of her situation, offered to round up some of the necessary items for apartment living. Keiko politely declined, saying she could manage. Wanting to help out her friends found some old but still usable household appliances and furniture. Mary had an old desk that was in hergarage. Ed had some chairs from his uncle, and Joe and Marion had a few extra dishes. They cheerfully brought them over one day. Keiko seemed very embarrassed, but gracefully accepted them, sincerely and profusely thanked them.The following week they were each presented with a gift from Keiko. Mary got an ornate jewelry box, Ed a volume of woodcuts by a famous Japanese artist, and Joe and Marion a beautiful Japanese vase, all of which were of considerable worth and value, much more than the old things they had donated to her. They all protested that she could not afford to give such elaborate gifts; they really expected nothing as the household items were not really being used and they would rather have her use them. Keiko, however, insisted that they take the gifts. In the end, they accepted the gifts, although they all felt uncomfortable as they knew she was really sacrificing to give them.Questions:1. What do you think of Keiko insisting on giving valuable gifts to her college friends?2. Why did Keiko’s friends feel very uncomfortable when they received valuablegifts in return?分析:Keiko insists on giving valuable gifts to her college friends, because in countries like Japan, exchanging gifts is a strongly rooted social tradition. Should you receive a gift, and don’t have one to offer in return, you will probably create a crisis. If not as serious as a crisis, one who doesn’t offer a gift in return may be considered rude or impolite. Therefore, in Japan, gifts are a symbolic way to show appreciation, respect, gratitude and further relationship.Keiko obviously has taken those used items from Mary, Ed and Marion as gifts, for she probably doesn’t know that Americans frequently donate their used household items to church or to the community. Mary, Ed and Marion would never consider those used household items given to Keiko as gifts. No wonder they felt very uncomfortable when they received valuable gifts in return.Case SevenSelma, who is from the US, is in a student exchange program in Indonesia. One day, she was asked to attend a birthday party and she was delighted, for she was curious to know what an Indonesian birthday party was like. To her surprise, she was the only one that dressed in typically Western clothes. Although she had no strong reason to become uneasy, her uneasy feeling prevailed as the party was going on. To make herself feel better, she went to the food table and began to help herself. But, upon leaving the table, she tripped on the leg of a chair and spilled her drink on the floor. One of the girls stooped down to mop up the spill and everyone else laughed out loud. Selma, uncertain what to do next, quietly moved out of her way with her head lowered in shame.Questions:3. What functions does laughing serve in similar situations in China?4. What should we do to help ourselves or other people out of embarrassmentcaused by cultural differences in laughing?分析:Just like smile, laughing does not always serve the same function in different cultures. Interestingly, for us Chinese, laughing often has a special function on some tense social occasions. People may laugh to release the tension or embarrassment, to express their concern about you, their intention to put you at ease or to help you come out of the embarrassment. In this case, the people there were actually wishing to laugh with the American rather than laugh at her. Their laughing seemed to convey a number of messages: don‘t take it so seriously; laugh it off, it‘s nothing; such things can happen to any of us, etc. Unfortunately the American was unaware of this. She thought they were laughing at her, which made her feel more badly and angry, for in her culture laughing on such an occasion would be interpreted as an insulting response, humiliating and negative.。
跨文化交际不成功的案例
跨文化交际不成功的案例案例一:礼貌用语的误会1.1 背景介绍在某次跨国商务会议上,美国代表团与中国代表团进行了一场接触。
会议开始时,美国代表以一种直接、幽默的方式表达了对中国代表团的欢迎,但中国代表团却感到被冒犯了。
1.2 问题分析美国代表使用了许多幽默的话语和俚语,他们期望通过这种方式与中国代表团建立紧密的关系。
然而,中国代表团对于这种幽默方式并不敏感,他们希望在商务会议中保持一定的正式性和尊重。
1.3 解决方案要解决这个问题,双方需要更好地理解彼此的价值观和沟通风格。
美国代表可以选择使用更正式的语言和礼貌用语,以更好地迎合中国文化的需要。
中国代表也可以在交流中表达对幽默的欣赏,以促进双方之间的友好关系。
案例二:语言和非语言表达的差异2.1 背景介绍一位日本游客在访问法国时,需要问路去博物馆,他向一位法国人询问了路线,但是得到了不友好的回答,他感到非常困惑和沮丧。
2.2 问题分析这个问题涉及到语言和非语言表达之间的差异。
在日本文化中,人们更加倾向于使用委婉、间接的方式表达自己的需求,而法国文化更加注重直接和直截了当的表达。
2.3 解决方案为了解决这个问题,日本游客可以采取更加直接的表达方式,向法国人清楚地表达自己的需求。
法国人则可以更加耐心地倾听和理解对方的意图,而不仅仅只看表面上的表达方式。
双方需要更好地适应对方的沟通风格,以实现有效的跨文化交流。
案例三:身体接触的误解3.1 背景介绍在一次澳大利亚和巴西的文化交流活动中,一位澳大利亚人在与巴西人交谈时,不小心触碰了巴西人的肩膀,结果巴西人对此感到非常不悦。
3.2 问题分析巴西文化中身体接触是常见的交流方式,人们之间常常会有轻微的身体接触,这被视为一种友好和亲密的表达方式。
然而,在澳大利亚文化中,身体接触往往被视为侵犯个人空间和隐私。
3.3 解决方案为了解决这个问题,澳大利亚人可以更加谨慎地避免身体接触,尤其是在与不同文化背景的人交流时。
巴西人也可以更加理解并尊重其他文化对于个人空间的不同理解。
跨文化交际案例及分析(精选5篇)
跨文化交际案例及分析(精选5篇)跨文化交际案例及分析范文第1篇[关键词]跨文化外语教学案例分析大同学跨文化交际本领一、跨文化英语教学现状分析就我国的外语教学现状而言,高一虹(2023:28)指出,现有的跨文化交际本领培育模式都有肯定局限。
行为中心的培育模式,只关注交际行为本身和交际结果,执着于实在目标,但在我们一般性的大学教育中,很难确定同学将来可能与之打交道的目的文化,因此也很难像对特定出国人员进行培训那样对同学实施有较强针对性的训练;学问中心模式,则集中于认知层面,重要向同学灌输有关文化学问,但难以让同学产生切身体验,而且还不适用于处理文化的多样性和动态性,传授文化学问简单变成“定型”(stereotype),反而不利于跨文化交际本领向较高层次进展。
另外,我们的教学大纲设计和教学实践往往缺乏充足的开放性,没有给同学较多面对问题和独立解决问题的机会。
因此在跨文化外语教学中,需要依据跨文化交际本领框架,提高同学使用语言的正确性的同时还要帮忙其提高言语行为的得体性。
在近年来对跨文化交际本领框架的浩繁讨论中,笔者认为杨盈、庄恩平(2023)提出的由全球意识、文化调适、文化学问和交际实践四大本领系统构成的外语教学跨文化交际本领框架,符合教学大纲和教学实践的要求,具较强可行性。
二、案例分析在跨文化英语教学中的作用目前跨文化英语教学普遍采纳的方法重要包括背景学问导入、文化内涵探究、案例分析、角色扮演及情景仿照、实例搜索等。
案例分析教学中将不同文化背景的语言特色、风土人情、历史事件和现实冲突等素材呈现于同学面前,是跨文化学问、意识、思维和交际本领的综合训练过程,能帮忙同学达到学习外语语言技能与培育跨文化交际本领有机结合的目的。
在谈到案例教学法时,陈建平(2023)强调:“案例是为适应特定的教学目的而编写的”,教学过程重要是“同学之间的讨论和辩论”,教学目的重要是“培育同学的本领”。
上述特点,使案例教学能很好适用于跨文化外语教学,它对培育本领的重视大过取得学问,成为语言文化学问向跨文化本领变化的有效途径。
跨文化交际案例分析
案例三:非语言交际行为的误解
情况描述
在一次国际晚宴中, 一位美国客人和一位 日本客人之间的社交 礼仪产生了差异。美 国客人习惯于直接、 热情的礼仪,而日本 客人则更注重谦虚和 尊重。这导致双方在 晚宴中的互动出现了 尴尬和误解
案例三:非语言交际行为的误解
问题分析
这个案例中的问题主要是由社交礼仪的差异引起的。美 国客人和日本客人的社交礼仪存在明显差异,这种差异 可能导致双方在互动中产生误解和尴尬
案例三:非语言交际行为的误解
解决方案
为了解决这个问题,首先需要认识到这种社 交礼仪的差异,并尊重彼此的礼仪习惯。美 国客人可以尝试更理解日本客人的谦虚和尊 重,而日本客人也可以尽可能适应美国客人 的直接和热情。双方可以通过了解彼此的社 交礼仪,找到一个共同的解决方案,以达到 和谐的互动
PART 4
案例五:食物与文化的关系
4
案例五:食物与文化的关系
情况描述
在一个国际家庭聚会 中,来自不同国家的 亲戚们在一起共享美 食。然而,由于食物 与文化的关系不同, 一些食物在某些国家 是受欢迎的,而在其 他国家却被视为禁忌 。这导致了一些尴尬 和误解
案例五:食物与文化的关系
问题分析
这个案例中的问题主要是由食物与文化的关系引起的。 来自不同国家的亲戚们对食物的认知和文化背景存在差 异,这种差异可能导致在共享美食时产生尴尬和误解
案例一:语言与文化差异的处理
解决方案
为了解决这个问题,首先需要认识到这种语 言与文化差异的存在,并尊重彼此的交际风 格。英国员工可以尝试更能明确表达 自己的意见。此外,双方还可以通过提高彼 此的语言能力,更好地理解和尊重对方的文 化背景
PART 2
案例二:价值观与文化冲突的解决
跨文化交际_案例_教育(2篇)
第1篇一、引言随着全球化进程的不断推进,跨文化交际能力已成为当代教育的重要组成部分。
本文将通过一个具体的案例,探讨跨文化交际在教育领域的应用,分析其在教育过程中的作用和价值。
二、案例背景某国际学校位于我国东部沿海地区,该校以培养具有国际视野、跨文化交际能力的人才为目标。
该校拥有一支多元化的师资队伍,包括来自不同国家和地区的教师。
为了提高学生的跨文化交际能力,学校开设了跨文化交际课程,并开展了一系列跨文化实践活动。
三、案例分析1. 案例一:跨文化交际课程教学(1)课程内容:该课程以跨文化交际理论为基础,结合实际案例,引导学生了解不同文化背景下的交际规则、礼仪习俗等。
课程内容包括:文化差异与交际障碍、跨文化沟通技巧、跨文化冲突与解决等。
(2)教学方式:教师采用案例分析法、角色扮演、小组讨论等多种教学方式,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的跨文化交际能力。
(3)教学效果:通过课程学习,学生能够认识到文化差异对交际的影响,掌握跨文化沟通技巧,提高在实际交际中的应对能力。
2. 案例二:跨文化实践活动(1)活动内容:学校定期组织学生参加跨文化实践活动,如国际文化节、志愿者服务等。
这些活动旨在让学生在真实环境中体验不同文化,提高跨文化交际能力。
(2)活动形式:活动形式多样,包括文化展览、文艺演出、互动游戏等。
通过这些活动,学生可以亲身体验不同文化的魅力,增进相互了解。
(3)活动效果:跨文化实践活动使学生拓宽了视野,增强了跨文化交际意识,提高了在实际交际中的应变能力。
3. 案例三:教师跨文化教学策略(1)教师培训:学校定期组织教师参加跨文化教学培训,提高教师的跨文化交际能力和教学水平。
(2)教学设计:教师在教学过程中注重文化差异,设计具有跨文化特色的教学内容和方法,使学生在学习过程中自然地接触到不同文化。
(3)教学效果:教师跨文化教学策略的实施,使学生更好地了解和适应不同文化,提高了学生的跨文化交际能力。
四、结论跨文化交际在教育领域的应用具有以下价值:1. 提高学生的跨文化交际能力,为未来的国际交流奠定基础。
幼儿园多元交流天地:跨文化交流活动案例分析
【幼儿园多元交流天地:跨文化交流活动案例分析】1.背景介绍在当今日益全球化的社会中,人们的交流与互动变得日益频繁。
跨文化交流作为其中的重要组成部分,也逐渐引起人们的广泛关注。
而在幼儿园这个特殊的教育环境中,如何构建一个多元交流的天地,促进来自不同文化背景的孩子之间的交流与融合,成为了幼儿教育中的重要课题。
2. 活动设计在某市某幼儿园,为了促进幼儿之间的跨文化交流,教师们设计了一系列丰富多彩的跨文化交流活动。
在个别班级内,通过“一日一国”活动,每天选取一个国家进行介绍,包括该国家的地理位置、民族风情、民间传统、饮食习惯等,引导幼儿们从小根植于多元文化的土壤中。
幼儿园定期举办“国际日”活动,邀请来自不同国家的家庭代表前来做客,共享自己的文化,互赠礼物,进行跨国语言交流,为孩子们呈现一场真正的文化盛宴。
还组织了“多元文化展示周”活动,利用幼儿手工制作成果展示各国特色文化,让孩子们在参与中了解、体验不同的文化,增加文化交流的广度和深度。
3. 活动效果这些跨文化交流活动的举办,收到了显著的效果。
孩子们的民族意识和国际视野得到了拓展,对不同文化的包容和接纳能力明显增强。
在语言交流上,孩子们能够在小组内自如地进行一些简单的外语对话,表达他们的想法和情感,增强了他们的语言交际能力。
而且,在情感交往上,孩子们之间的友谊更加深厚,对不同文化背景的小伙伴更加包容和尊重。
这也为孩子们未来的国际交往和合作打下了良好的基础。
4. 个人观点和总结从个人角度来看,“幼儿园多元交流天地”这个主题,着实给我留下了深刻的印象。
在活动的设计和实施中,不仅给孩子们创造了多元交流的机会,也促进了教师和家长之间的互动和交流,构建了一个全方位的文化交流评台。
在今后的工作和生活中,我会继续关注这个领域的发展,并努力为跨文化交流的促进和深化做出自己的贡献。
至此,本文通过介绍了某市某幼儿园进行的跨文化交流活动案例,从活动背景及设计、活动效果,以及个人观点和总结等多个方面分析了幼儿园多元交流天地的重要性,并强调了多元文化交流对幼儿成长的重要意义。
【精品】跨文化交际案例
【精品】跨文化交际案例【案例一】中美商务谈判在中美商务谈判中,由于两国文化背景和价值观念的差异,经常会出现一些误解和沟通障碍。
例如,中国人在谈判中比较注重关系的建立和维护,而美国人则更加注重双方的利益和目标。
在谈判中,中国人可能会采取一些间接的方式来表达自己的意见和需求,而美国人则更加直接和坦率。
此外,在决策过程中,中国人可能会采取集体协商的方式,而美国人则更加注重个人能力和权威。
这些差异可能导致双方在沟通中产生误解和冲突,因此需要尊重彼此的文化和价值观念,采取适当的沟通方式,以建立长期稳定的商业合作关系。
【案例二】中美家庭教育的差异中美家庭教育的差异也是跨文化交际中一个比较典型的案例。
中国父母普遍注重孩子的学习成绩和各种才艺的培养,强调“严师出高徒”,严格管教孩子的学习和生活,而在美国,家长更加注重培养孩子的独立性和自主性,认为孩子应该有自己的兴趣爱好和选择权。
此外,在沟通和表达方面,中国家长往往比较含蓄和内敛,而美国家长则更加开放和直接。
在面对孩子的教育问题时,中国家长往往更加关注孩子的成绩和排名,而美国家长更加注重孩子的兴趣和天赋。
这些差异需要双方理解和尊重彼此的文化和教育观念,以达到有效的沟通和合作。
【案例三】国际会议国际会议是一种非常重要的跨文化交际形式,涉及各国代表团和与会者之间的交流和合作。
在会议中,不同国家和地区的代表团通常会带来不同的文化背景和价值观念,这可能会导致各种形式的冲突和分歧。
例如,在一些国际会议中,欧洲代表团往往强调民主和人权,而非洲代表团则更加关注经济发展和社会福利。
此外,不同国家和地区的代表团在会议中的角色和地位也可能存在差异,一些国家可能更加注重发言权和影响力,而另一些国家则可能更加注重参与和合作。
在这种情况下,跨文化交际的技巧和策略就显得尤为重要。
首先,需要尊重和理解不同国家和地区的文化背景和价值观念,避免因为文化差异而产生冲突和分歧。
其次,需要采取积极的态度和合适的方式与各国代表团进行交流和合作,寻求共识和妥协的方案。
跨文化交际案例分析
跨文化交际案例分析随着全球化的发展,跨文化交际变得越来越重要。
无论是在商务领域还是在社交领域,人们都需要与不同文化背景的人交流和合作。
然而,由于文化差异的存在,跨文化交际可能会面临一些挑战。
本文将通过分析一个真实的跨文化交际案例,探讨其中的问题和解决方案。
案例背景:John是一个美国的销售人员,他的公司决定进军中国市场。
为了开拓新业务,John前往中国与一家当地的公司进行商务谈判。
然而,由于两国文化的差异,John在交流过程中遇到了一些问题。
问题一:礼节和尊重在中国文化中,尊重和礼节非常重要。
然而,John在交谈中没有注意到这一点,只关注自己的目标和利益。
他没有在一开始表示感谢和尊重,也没有提到他是代表公司的,并且在对方发言时经常打断。
解决方案:在跨文化交际中,了解对方文化的礼节和习惯非常重要。
John应该在交谈开始时表示感谢和尊重,并明确表明自己的身份和目标。
他还应该尊重对方发言的权利,避免打断对方。
问题二:语言和沟通John并不懂中文,而对方的英文水平也有限。
在交流中,他们经常遇到理解和沟通的困难。
John使用了一些俚语和口语,对方很难理解。
另外,他们还遇到了一些语言使用上的误解和误译。
解决方案:语言是跨文化交际的重要因素之一。
在这种情况下,John可以使用简单的英语词汇和句子,避免使用俚语和口语。
另外,使用简洁明了的语言,避免使用复杂的词汇和长句子,有助于加强理解和沟通。
问题三:谈判风格和冲突处理中国和美国在谈判风格和冲突处理上存在一些差异。
John采取了直接和坦率的方式,直接表达自己的意见,并试图争取自己的利益。
然而,在中国文化中,人们通常更加注重保持面子和和谐,避免直接表达意见和产生冲突。
解决方案:了解对方的谈判风格和冲突处理方式对于跨文化交际至关重要。
John可以采取一种更加温和和委婉的方式,尊重对方的面子和和谐。
他可以提出一些建议,并鼓励对方发表意见,以达到双方都满意的结果。
总结:通过上述案例的分析,我们可以看到在跨文化交际中可能会出现的一些问题,以及解决这些问题的方法。
跨文化交际案例分析12杯茶如何帮助他走出尴尬的境地
跨文化交际案例分析12杯茶如何帮助他走出尴尬的境地在跨文化交际中,了解并尊重对方的文化习俗是非常重要的,否则可能会引起尴尬的局面。
以下是一个关于如何通过适应对方文化来解决尴尬境地的案例分析:案例背景:假设一位中国人(A)在拜访美国人(B)的家中。
A和B之间的交往已经进一步深入,但是他们之间还是存在着一些文化差异,因此在交流中还是会被一些小细节搞得尴尬。
情境一:对茶的不同理解在中国,茶是非常重要的饮料,并代表了尊重和款待。
中国人在访客到来时通常会热情地准备茶。
然而,在美国,咖啡是更受欢迎的热饮料。
当A第一次去B的家时,B没有准备茶,而是提供了咖啡。
这时,A感到有点尴尬,因为他期望得到的是茶。
解决方式:在这种情况下,A可以主动询问B是否有茶可供选择。
他可以礼貌地说“你们家有茶吗?我非常喜欢喝茶,如果方便的话我可以自己泡。
”通过这种方式,A表达了对茶的欣赏,并且也给了B另一种选择茶的机会。
情境二:用杯子的不同中国人倾向于使用瓷制茶杯,而美国人更常使用玻璃或陶瓷杯子。
A 持久地奉上了他自带的瓷茶杯,而B只有一些玻璃杯可供选择。
解决方式:在这种情况下,A可以在奉茶前表达自己的偏好,说“我喜欢用瓷杯,但是如果你有玻璃杯那也没关系。
”通过这种方式,A给了B一个选择,让他们两人都不会感到尴尬。
情境三:饮用茶的方式在中国,人们通常用右手执杯,而在美国,使用左手是常见的。
A不知道这个差异,在喝茶时使用了左手执杯。
解决方式:在这种情况下,A可以通过观察B的习惯来改变自己。
当他注意到B使用左手时,他可以轻轻地改用右手执杯。
通过这种方式,A可以尊重B的习惯,并使交流更加顺畅。
总结:这个案例展示了在跨文化交际中如何通过适应对方的文化来避免尴尬的局面。
通常,尴尬的情况是由于双方对文化差异的理解和期望不同造成的。
通过沟通、礼貌地表达自己的喜好并给予对方选择的机会,可以帮助双方建立更好的跨文化交流。
在这个过程中,尊重对方文化的习俗是非常重要的,这样可以减少尴尬的发生,并促进更好的互相理解和友谊的建立。
跨文化交际案例
案例一:文化休克与教学汉语教师志愿者小胡被分到了加拿大的一所孔子学院,每天的教学任务都是晚上的课程,而且小胡所住的公寓距离上课的地方很远,每天小胡都要在晚上自己打公共交通上下班。
小胡每天下班回家时候都很害怕,久而久之,小胡变得很焦虑,甚至有点抑郁。
她平时是一个内向的姑娘,给家人打电话时候,喜欢报喜不报忧,父母问起她在加拿大的生活时,她也不愿意倾诉她的苦恼。
小胡很长时间都睡不好觉,每天上课也不精神。
只想着早日回国。
分析:小胡作为汉语教师外派志愿者,在异国遇到这样的文化休克,是很正常的。
但是小胡没有采取积极的态度去面对和解决,只是一心想结束任期,是完全不可取的。
在小胡身上发生的这些事情。
我们通过跨文化交际的角度来看,是完全可以避免和解决的。
首先,小胡作为女生不适应每天晚上的课程,可以跟外方学校或孔子学院提出申请,将自己的教学安排在白天,或者有其他教师陪同一起回住所的时间。
其次,小胡应该对这样的事情又积极的态度,积极排解自己的不好情绪。
可以给祖国的家人朋友打电话倾诉,得到来自朋友鼓励和支持,努力适应生活。
更应该外向的与当地的同事其他志愿者好好相处。
积极融入加拿大的生活。
如果真的觉得失眠会造成生活上的问题,应该寻求心理医生的帮助,积极治疗,早日恢复平常状态。
不应该不让心理上的生活上的问题影响自己的教学,反而更加积极地投入教学中,会给自己带来更多的满足感,来自学生的积极的反馈也会使小胡更有动力。
总之,遇到文化休克不可怕,应该主动适应调整,早日度适应跨文化的环境。
案例四:斋戒月与学习老师发现法益在晚上的补习课堂上表现不佳,好几次在老师面前睡着了,交代的课业也没完成,学习效率变差,课堂测试中的表现也很不好。
老师的心里感到十分焦急,这样下去对法益的学习很不利。
可是法益之前的表现一向非常优秀,为何近日却如此反常?下课后,老师向法益了解情况,才得知近日是斋戒月,法益是虔诚的穆斯林,每日清晨4点起身膜拜吃早餐,傍晚7点才可进食,他的生活作息有了巨大变化,无法专心上课和写作业。
跨文化交际案例分析题及答案
跨文化交际案例分析题及答案案例背景在当今全球化的背景下,跨文化交际变得越来越重要。
不同国家、不同文化背景的人们在日常生活和工作中都需要进行跨文化交际。
然而,由于语言、价值观和传统等方面的差异,跨文化交际常常伴随着困难和挑战。
为了提高跨文化交际的效果,下面将给出一个跨文化交际案例,并分析该案例涉及的问题以及解决方案。
案例描述在某国际会议上,来自不同国家的代表们聚集在一起讨论合作事宜。
其中,中国代表小明(以下称为M)和美国代表John(以下称为J)在会议期间频繁接触。
然而,由于两人来自不同的文化背景,他们在交流过程中遇到了一些问题。
问题分析1.语言障碍:M和J之间最大的问题是语言障碍。
M虽然可以基本流利地使用英语,但是在沟通中还是存在一些问题,如词汇选择、语法和发音。
J则对中文几乎一无所知,只会一些简单的问候语和常用词汇。
2.非语言沟通差异:除了语言差异外,M和J在非语言沟通方面也存在差异。
例如,M习惯于以微笑和头部的稍微点头来表示同意,而J则习惯于直接说出自己的意见。
3.价值观和信仰差异:M和J在价值观和信仰方面也存在差异。
M注重集体利益和社会关系,而J更加注重个人利益和自由。
解决方案为了有效地解决以上问题,M和J可以尝试以下方案:1.语言学习:M可以加强自己的英语技巧,提高词汇量、语法和发音的准确性。
同时,J可以学习一些基本的中文问候语和常用词汇,以便更好地与M进行交流。
2.非语言沟通交流培训:M和J可以进行非语言沟通交流培训,了解对方习惯的非语言表达方式,并学会适应和理解对方的沟通方式。
通过合作解决这个问题,可以增进双方的理解和信任。
3.互相了解和尊重对方的文化差异:M和J可以进行文化差异的学习,了解彼此的价值观、习俗和信仰。
通过对彼此文化差异的理解和尊重,可以避免误解和冲突,并促进更好的跨文化交流。
结论跨文化交际是现代社会中不可避免的议题。
为了确保跨文化交际的成功,我们需要重视语言学习、非语言沟通和文化差异的理解与尊重。
跨文化交际的典型案例
跨文化交际的典型案例
哎呀呀,今天咱就来聊聊跨文化交际的那些超有意思的典型案例!
你想想啊,就像中国人用筷子吃饭,那姿势熟练得很,可外国人一开始看到筷子,那表情,就跟看见外星玩意儿似的。
有一次我在一个国际聚会上,看到一个老外用筷子夹花生米,夹半天夹不起来,急得满脸通红,嘴里还嘟囔着,那模样可逗了!
再来说说打招呼。
咱中国人见面喜欢问“吃了吗”,这多亲切呀!可外国人就不理解,他们会觉得怎么见面就问吃没吃。
我就碰到过一个外国人一脸懵地问我:“为什么你们总问我吃没吃?”哈哈哈,这种差异多有意思!
还有啊,不同国家对于颜色的理解也不同呢。
在中国红色代表喜庆,结婚呀、过节呀都用红色。
可在有些西方文化里,红色却可能有别的含义。
这就像同样是一杯水,在沙漠里和在河边,它的价值能一样吗?
就说那次我和几个外国朋友去看京剧,他们看着那花花绿绿的脸谱,眼睛都直了,一个劲儿地问这问那,我呢,就充当起了解说员,给他们讲这每个脸谱代表啥意思。
他们听完恍然大悟的样子,让我特别有成就感!
跨文化交际就是这么神奇,它让我们看到世界的多样性,也让我们学会理解和尊重不同的文化。
就像一个丰富多彩的大拼图,每一块都有着独特的魅力。
咱不能只守着自己的那一小块,得走出去,去拥抱那些不一样的精彩,这样我们的世界才会更有趣,更有活力呀!对不?。
(完整word版)跨文化交际案例分析
(完整word版)跨文化交际案例分析Age and StatusCaseStudy 1两位同事的矛盾使一家数据理公司的理碰到了麻。
一方是一位迟疑志的法裔加拿大小伙子,另一方是一位有特的年的中国女性,而此前两人确很好的合作伙伴⋯..Case description:A manager in a data-processing company was having difficulty dealing with a conflict between ayoung, ambitious French Canadian male and his co-worker, an older Chinese woman who was on a specialvisa from China. She had recently become uncooperative and had made it clear to the manager that shewould not be willing to travel to the capital with her co-worker to hold discussion with legislators about anew product with great enthusiasm.When the manager asked her what the problem was, he received no clear explanation. When he askedher co-worker, the young man had no insights to offer. The young French Canadian was clearly annoyed,however, that the Chinese woman was refusing to share her data with him. That meant he couldn’ t make t presentation to the legislators because she had all the key data on her computer disks.The manager repeated questions to her but her“tnowhereproblem. So” hego changed his approach.He began explaining his concerns, as manger and as spokesperson for the company, about the upcomingmeeting with legislators. His explanation about his position was unemotional. In that climate she then felt shecould explain her position. She revealed she felt that that as an older, and to her mind, more senior person,she should not be sent to the capitol with a younger employee who would do the presentation of materialshe had worked hard to develop. That would diminish her status, she felt. The general manger knew the rootof his headache.1.What do you think caused the conflict?2.What would you do to resolve the conflict if you were the general manager?矛盾矛盾这位年长的中国女士投入极大的热忱和精力开发产品.却在最后的重点时辰拒绝与年青的同事一起去处议员做推介:当经理和同事问其原由.她并未做任何明确的回答:而当经理改变策略,不再直接咨询原由,而是迂回地讲起自己的窘境时,她才道出自己的顾忌。
跨文化交际案例分析
158跨文化交际案例分析■卢欣琳/哈尔滨师范大学摘 要:随着中国日益强大的发展,越来越多的外国友人赴中国职教。
中国教师也被邀请去国外进行汉语传授。
在这样的情况下,教师和当地学生的交流会存在一些交际上的文化冲突。
这也就需要我们结合具体的案例进行分析跨文化交际应该注意的问题。
关键词:跨文化交际 案例分析 文化一、案例一美国人大卫去年从华盛顿来中国教英语。
他觉得中国的人际关系很复杂,中国学生也让他捉摸不透。
他在给中国学生上课的时候,觉得自己不管怎么努力也不能让课堂气氛更活泼一点。
中国学生更愿意记笔记,很少说话,尤其在讨论课上,学生很少发表自己的意见,可是下课后,却有几个学生总是找他问问题。
让他常常在上另外一个班的课的时候常常迟到。
最近发生的一件事情让他非常生气:他两周以前告诉他的学生要在这个周末请他们到自己的家里一起吃饭,可是他所在的系领导昨天却突然通知他,让他这个周末必须参加一个由大学校长组织的晚宴,他说他已经有安排了,可是系领导却一再强调要专门请他们这些外教的,他必须要去。
分析:大卫作为一名来中国教英语的美国人,在中国从事教育工作的过程中,因为对于中国学生的学习风格的不习惯和不理解,对于学校活动安排的不适应,从而感到在中国的教学生活不愉快,自己没有得到尊重。
这是因为大卫在跨文化交际过程中所遇到的因为文化差异而产生的的矛盾冲突。
首先是教学活动上的问题。
其次是中西方文化对于时间观念的差异。
最后,美国是单时制文化的典型代表,所以,大卫习惯于通过计划和预约来控制时间,在一段时间里只做一件事,强调准时、预约和最后期限。
中国则是一个多时制文化国家,更倾向于灵活和人性化,学校的领导也会临时通知他要参加明天的晚宴,都是因为中国人的时间观念更倾向于“以人为本”,注重人际关系,经常改变计划。
大卫因为对于自己所处的跨文化交际环境不了解,对中国的文化和生活不习惯而产生了很多困扰,产生了文化休克的现象。
他应该做到以下几点:首先是要调整心态,学会接受中国文化和西方文化的不同,以更开放包容的心态来面对文化差异,尽力适应。
跨文化交际教育案例分析(2篇)
第1篇一、背景介绍随着全球化进程的不断加快,跨文化交际能力已成为当代社会人才必备的基本素质之一。
跨文化交际教育作为培养跨文化交际能力的重要途径,越来越受到教育部门的重视。
本文以某高校跨文化交际课程为例,分析跨文化交际教育在实践中的应用与效果。
二、案例描述1. 课程背景某高校外语学院开设了一门名为“跨文化交际”的课程,旨在帮助学生了解不同文化背景下的交际规则,提高跨文化交际能力。
该课程面向全校学生,共32名学生参加。
2. 课程内容(1)文化差异分析:通过对比中西方文化差异,使学生了解不同文化背景下的价值观、思维方式、交际方式等。
(2)跨文化交际技巧:教授学生在不同文化背景下如何进行有效沟通,包括肢体语言、面部表情、语气语调等方面的运用。
(3)案例分析:通过分析真实的跨文化交际案例,让学生了解在实际交际中可能遇到的问题及解决方法。
(4)角色扮演:让学生分组进行角色扮演,模拟真实跨文化交际场景,提高学生的实际操作能力。
3. 教学方法(1)讲授法:教师通过讲解跨文化交际的基本理论,使学生掌握跨文化交际的基本知识。
(2)案例分析法:通过分析真实的跨文化交际案例,让学生了解实际交际中可能遇到的问题及解决方法。
(3)角色扮演法:通过角色扮演,让学生在实际交际场景中锻炼跨文化交际能力。
(4)小组讨论法:鼓励学生在小组内进行讨论,共同探讨跨文化交际中的问题及解决方案。
三、案例分析1. 文化差异分析在课程进行过程中,学生通过对比中西方文化差异,发现中西方在价值观、思维方式、交际方式等方面存在较大差异。
例如,西方文化强调个人主义,注重个人隐私,而中国文化强调集体主义,注重人际关系。
这些差异使得学生在跨文化交际中容易产生误解。
2. 跨文化交际技巧通过学习跨文化交际技巧,学生了解到在不同文化背景下如何进行有效沟通。
例如,在西方文化中,直接表达自己的观点被视为一种能力,而在中国文化中,委婉含蓄被视为一种美德。
学生通过学习这些技巧,能够在实际交际中避免误解,提高交际效果。
留学生跨文化交际案例分析
留学生跨文化交际案例分析跨文化交际是指在不同文化背景下进行交流和交际的过程。
留学生由于身处异国他乡,需要不断与不同文化背景的人进行交流和交际,因此面临着跨文化交际的挑战。
本文将通过一个留学生跨文化交际案例来分析这一挑战,并探讨如何有效进行跨文化交际。
案例:小明是一名中国留学生,在美国求学。
他在学校里结识了几位美国朋友,并打算邀请他们来中国做客。
小明精心准备了一顿中餐,并计划在晚餐时邀请他的美国朋友们来家里作客。
在晚餐当天,小明热情地迎接了他的美国朋友,并自豪地介绍了中餐的特点和中国餐桌礼仪。
然而,小明发现他的美国朋友们对中餐并不是那么感兴趣。
除了一个人尝试了几口,其他人只是用礼貌地品尝了一小部分,并表达了对饭量太大的担忧。
他们之间的对话变得有些尴尬,大家不知道该如何继续交流。
为了有效进行跨文化交际,小明可以采取以下措施:1.了解对方文化:在邀请他的美国朋友来中国之前,小明可以了解一些他们对中国文化和饮食的了解程度。
这有助于小明更好地与他们进行交流,并根据他们的兴趣选择适合的活动和食物。
2.尊重对方文化:小明可以通过尊重对方的饮食习惯和文化背景来展示自己对他们的重视。
在此案例中,小明可以为他的美国朋友准备一些他们熟悉和喜欢的食物,以满足他们的口味。
3.共享文化:除了介绍中餐,小明还可以主动询问他的美国朋友们对于西餐的了解和喜好,并主动分享一些关于中国文化和饮食的有趣故事和知识。
这有助于增进彼此之间的了解和交流。
4.引导对话:当对话变得尴尬时,小明可以主动引导话题转向其他感兴趣的主题,如音乐、电影、运动等。
这可以帮助缓解尴尬氛围,促进交流和互动。
通过以上措施,小明可以更好地进行跨文化交际,与他的美国朋友建立起良好的关系。
在跨文化交际中,理解和尊重他人的文化背景至关重要,同时也要积极展示自己的文化,以促进双方之间的理解和交流。
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Case One: Setting Rules for a Guest – American Hospitality案例:When Zhang Tao traveled in America, he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill. Once after he had traveled back, he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water. Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water. Zhang Tao felt uneasy. How could the host set such rules for his guest!Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy?分析:1) In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality. They try to take care of the guest,and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease.2) In America, people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully.3) Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him.4) Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner.Case Two:案例:Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn’t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing-- Quanjude -- when he arrived in Beijing.Question: Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America.分析:1) 0n the topic of hospitality, the Chinese stress on warmth and demonstrating friendship. They take the guest to a famous or luxurious restaurant to have a very good (expensive) meal to show their hospitality. And the Chinese are used to having a big meal. The more dishes they put out,the greater the warmth and friendship they show.2) In western countries, people stress on freedom. They give the guest great freedom to choose their own foods. And westerners tend to have only one main course and some juice or dessert,which is viewed as casual in the eyes of the Chinese.3) Lin lived in American surroundings and should have adjusted himself quickly to the new world (lifestyle). He should have known the custom there first, and felt more at ease in Mike’s home.Case Three: Equality or Hospitality for Table Manners案例:Lin Hua has accompanied an American delegation to visit China. They have experienced the hospitality of the Chinese people. After returning to America, Linhua once visited them. They were so glad to meet again. Linhua offered to host the meal, but they refused. They ordered their own dish, and Linhua ordered her own. When footing the bill, they only paid their part,and no one wanted to pay for Linhua. Linhua found them so inhospitable, though she knew the Americans would usually pay for their own food.Question: Why did Linhua find them inhospitable?分析:1) In China, to show hospitality, people tend to host the meal. And if they cannot do this, they at least will struggle to pay for the guest.2) In America, people tend to pay for themselves to show equality andindependence.3) Linhua knows this custom, but from a Chinese point of view, she still finds this hard to accept, and feels it a little inhospitable.Case Four:案例:I have an American friend. I have invited him several times, and at long last he invited me to his home one day. He told me to get there at 3 p m. I thought we could chat and have a meal together. I gave him a Chinese calendar, a woman’s scarf and a bottle of Chinese white wine. He only took out a dish of nuts, a plate of bread and a bottle of wine. After two hours’ chat, I found there was no hint of a meal and said good-bye to him. He only gave me a box of chocolate as a present for the New Year. After I got home, I found the box already been opened. I was very surprised, Question: What surprised me?分析:1) In China, a visit to home always includes a meal. And the guest always brings a relatively expensive present to the host. And the present should be well wrapped or untouched.2) In the west, a visit to home only means a meeting, not necessarily including a meal. And the present is treated not as importantly as it is in China.3) I acted in a way that was based on Chinese customs, so I felt the American way was very interesting (unusual).Case Five: Way of Entertaining Guests in China ---- Drink more and more 案例:Tom, an American, went to a Chinese home for the first time. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cup was about to finish, more tea was added. He drank the second cup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then ⋯until he was quite full. Tom was totally confused by the way of entertaining.Question: Why was Tom totally confused?分析:1) Traditional Chinese custom requires that during the course of entertaining, the host has to always pour more wine or tea to the guest’s glass or cup, and always adds more food to the guest’s plate or bowl without asking whether it’s wanted.2) Chinese guests know how to respond to this type of hospitality. They simply leave the wine, tea, or food in the container and stop having any more. But Tom, the American guest in the case didn’t know this.3) He followed the politeness rule of his culture: it’s not good manners to leave food in one’s own plate at a dinner table. Therefore, without any knowledge of the differences between the two cultures, an American guest would very likely suffer from either drinking or eating too much in such a situation.Case SixAs a foreign student at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Keiko Ihara (Japanese) was on a strict budget. She had all her tuition and books paid for by scholarships and grants and until recently was comfortably housed in the dormitory. Wanting to live in the community rather than in the dormitory, she found a small apartment to share with a friend. Her college friends, knowing of her situation, offered to round up some of the necessary items for apartment living. Keiko politely declined, saying she could manage. Wanting to help out her friends found some old but still usable household appliances and furniture. Mary had an old desk that was in her garage. Ed had some chairs from his uncle, and Joe and Marion had a few extra dishes. They cheerfully brought them over one day. Keiko seemed very embarrassed, but gracefully accepted them, sincerely and profusely thanked them.The following week they were each presented with a gift from Keiko. Mary got an ornate jewelry box, Ed a volume of woodcuts by a famous Japanese artist, and Joe and Marion a beautiful Japanese vase, all of which were of considerable worth and value, much more than the old things they had donated to her. They all protested that she could not afford to give suchelaborate gifts; they really expected nothing as the household items were not really being used and they would rather have her use them. Keiko, however, insisted that they take the gifts. In the end, they accepted the gifts, although they all felt uncomfortable as they knew she was really sacrificing to give them.Questions:1. What do you think of Keiko insisting on giving valuable gifts to her college friends?2. Why did K eiko’s friends feel very uncomfortable when they receivedvaluable gifts in return?分析:Keiko insists on giving valuable gifts to her college friends, because in countries like Japan, exchanging gifts is a strongly rooted social tradition. Should you receive a gift, and don’t have one to offer in return, you will probably create a crisis. If not as serious as a crisis, one who doesn’t offer a gift in return may be considered rude or impolite. Therefore, in Japan, gifts are a symbolic way to show appreciation, respect, gratitude and further relationship.Keiko obviously has taken those used items from Mary, Ed and Marion as gifts, for she probably doesn’t know that Americans frequently donate their used household items to church or to the community. Mary, Ed and Marion would never consider those used household items given to Keiko as gifts. No wonder they felt very uncomfortable when they received valuable gifts in return.Case SevenSelma, who is from the US, is in a student exchange program in Indonesia. One day, she was asked to attend a birthday party and she was delighted, for she was curious to know what an Indonesian birthday party was like. To her surprise, she was the only one that dressed in typically Western clothes. Although she had no strong reason to become uneasy, heruneasy feeling prevailed as the party was going on. To make herself feel better, she went to the food table and began to help herself. But, upon leaving the table, she tripped on the leg of a chair and spilled her drink on the floor. One of the girls stooped down to mop up the spill and everyone else laughed out loud. Selma, uncertain what to do next, quietly moved out of her way with her head lowered in shame.Questions:3. What functions does laughing serve in similar situations in China?4. What should we do to help ourselves or other people out ofembarrassment caused by cultural differences in laughing?分析:Just like smile, laughing does not always serve the same function in different cultures. Interestingly, for us Chinese, laughing often has a special function on some tense social occasions. People may laugh to release the tension or embarrassment, to express their concern about you, their intention to put you at ease or to help you come out of the embarrassment. In this case, the people there were actually wishing to laugh with the American rather than laugh at her. Their laughing seemed to convey a number of messages: don‘t take it so seriously; laugh it off, it‘s nothing; such things can happen to any of us, etc. Unfortunately the American was unaware of this. She thought they were laughing at her, which made her feel more badly and angry, for in her culture laughing on such an occasion would be interpreted as an insulting response, humiliating and negative.。