西方神秘学快速指南V1.0版
神秘4.2.0.1 要素组合表
Victus生命 <水Aqua 地Terra >Bestia野兽 Limus史莱姆 Mortuus死亡 Sano治愈 Fames饥饿 Spiritus灵魂 Herba植物 Vitreus水晶 <Terra地 Ordo秩序 >Metallum金属
二阶复合要素
Bestia野兽 <Motus运动 Victus生命 >Corpus肉体 Humanus人类 Pannus布匹 Fames饥饿 <Vacuos虚空 Victus生命 >Lucrum贪婪 Herba植物 <Terra地 Victus生命 >Arbor木头 Meto收获 Iter旅行 <地Terra Motus运动 Limus史莱姆 <水Aqua Victus生命 Mortuus死亡 <混沌Perditio Victus生命 >Corpus肉体 Exanimis亡灵 Spiritus灵魂 Praecantio魔力 <Potentia能量 Vacuos虚空 >Auram灵气 Vitium谬误 Sano治愈 <Victus生命 Ordo秩序 Tenebrae黑暗 <Lux光明 Vacuos虚空 >Alienis异域 Vinculum陷阱 <Perditio混沌 Motus运动 Volatus飞行 <Aer风 Motus运动
头
头
头
头
头
头
头
头
头
<Aer风 <Aer风 <Aer风 <Aer风 <Aer风 <Aer风 <Aer风 <Aer风 <Aer风
Arbor木 Arbor木 Arbor木 Arbor木 Arbor木 Arbor木 Arbor木 Arbor木 Arbor木
PANS-OPS_OAS
Part II LANGUAGES
7
2.1 Languages menu ................................................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Aircraft data
................................................................................................................................... 13
4.2.3 Referen..c..e...d..a..t..u..m....h..e..i.g..h...t..(.R...D..H...).................................................................................................................. 11
4.3.1 Missed..a..p..p..r..o..a..c..h...c..l.i.m...b....g..r.a..d..i.e..n...t..(.M.../.A...P..P...C...G...).......................................................................................... 13 4.3.2 Aircraft..d...i.m...e..n..s..i.o..n..s...................................................................................................................................... 13
1-s2.0-S0263436814001590-main
Effect of rare earth elements on the consolidation behavior and microstructure of tungsten alloysMingyue Zhao a ,Zhangjian Zhou a ,⁎,Qingming Ding a ,Ming Zhong a ,Kameel Arshad ba School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China bSchool of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,Chinaa b s t r a c ta r t i c l e i n f o Article history:Received 11February 2014Available online 23July 2014Keywords:Rare earth element Tungsten alloyConsolidation behavior MicrostructureThe effects of rare earth elements (Y 2O 3,Y and La)on the consolidation behavior,microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten alloys were investigated in this work.The starting powders were mechanical alloyed (MA)and then consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS).It was found that Y doping was bene ficial to obtain fully dense tungsten alloys with more re fined grains as compared to any other rare earth elements.The maximum values of Vickers microhardness and bending strength obtained from W –0.5wt.%Y alloy reached up to 614.4HV 0.2and 701.0MPa,respectively.©2014Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.IntroductionTungsten is a promising candidate material for high temperature applications due to its attractive properties,such as high melting point,high conductivity,low thermal expansion coef ficients and low sputtering yield [1].However,a major limitation of its use is the inherently high ductile –brittle transition temperature (DBTT)and low recrystallization temperature.Fine grained tungsten materials have shown improved properties in terms of reduced brittleness and improved toughness and strength [1,2].However,the improved mechanical properties will be deteriorated when exposed to high temperatures for long time and when the service temperature is higher than the recrystallization temperature of pure tungsten.Recent studies suggested that the dispersion of high temperature oxide nanoparticles,such as La 2O 3and Y 2O 3,will not only inhibit the grain growth of W during the consolidation but also stabilize the microstructure when exposed to higher temperature [3,4].It is well known that,the impurities,especially for oxygen,have det-rimental in fluence on the sinterability of tungsten powders and make tungsten materials embrittlement.Thus adding rare earth elements in the metallic state instead of the oxidic state should be better for fabrica-tion of high performance tungsten alloys,due to the high af finity of rare earth elements with oxygen.A recent research conducted by L.Veleva et al.[5]found that the relative density of W –(0.3–2)wt.%Y appeared higher than that of W –(0.3–2)wt.%Y 2O 3,however,the microhardnessappeared always lower than that of W –(0.3–2)wt.%Y 2O 3.From the viewpoint of oxygen absorption,it is suggested that La will be better than Y when used as alloying element for fabrication of W [6].However there are almost no reports on W –La alloy and their comparison with W –Y alloy.It will be interesting and important to investigate the effects of different rare earth elements on the densi fication of W and their mechanical properties.This is the motivation of this work.In this study the effect of rare earth elements,including Y 2O 3,Y and La on the consolidation behavior of W under the same sintering condi-tion was investigated.The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of different rare earth tungsten materials were examined and compared.Experimental proceduresPowders of commercial pure W (with an average particle size of 2.0μm and a purity of 99.9%),rare earth element of Y or La (with an av-erage particle size of 48μm and a purity of 99.9%),and rare earth oxide of Y 2O 3(with an average particle size of 30nm and a purity of 99.9%)were used as starting materials.The mixture powders of W –0.5wt.%Y 2O 3(named as WYO),W –0.5wt.%Y (named as WY)or W –0.5wt.%La (named as WL)were mechanical alloyed (MA)in a planetary ball mill,respectively.The MA parameters can be found in our previous work [7,8].Then,the MA treated powders were placed into graphite tool in glove box and sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS)in vacuum.Fig.1shows the temperature and pressure pro file of SPS as a function of time.In order to get fully dense bulk materials by suppress-ing the pore-boundary separation,the samples were first sintered at 1373K for 2min and then sintered at 1873K according to [9].Int.Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 48(2015)19–23⁎Corresponding author at:Laboratory of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy,School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science &Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,PR China.Tel./fax:+861062334951.E-mail address:zhouzhj@ (Z.Zhou)./10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.07.0140263-4368/©2014Elsevier Ltd.All rightsreserved.Contents lists available at ScienceDirectInt.Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materialsj o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m/l o c a t e /I J R M H MThe shrinkage of the specimens was continuously monitored by the displacement of the punch rod.The density of the compacts was measured by Archimedes method.A field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM)equipped with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectros-copy (EDS)and Scanning electron microscope (SEM)were employed to investigate the microstructural features,i.e.,the element distribution,and the size and morphology of the grains and the pores of the samples.Moreover,XRD was used to determine the phase and X-ray diffraction analysis was made by the Rietveld method using the Full prof program [10].The average crystallite size as well as the internal stress of the MA treated powders were determined from the diffraction peak widths taking into account the diffractometer resolution function.Vickers mi-crohardness was measured at room temperature by applying a load of 1.96N for 15s.Three point bending tests were conducted on specimens with dimensions of 2mm ×3mm ×18mm with a span of 13.1mm and a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min.The thermal behavior of the MA treated powders in the range 373–1723K was investigated by differen-tial scanning calorimetry (DSC)at a heating rate of 10K/min in flowing pure Ar.Results and discussion Consolidation behaviorFig.2compares the consolidation behavior of all tungsten alloys as a function of temperature.It can be clearly seen that the displacement of WY alloy is similar with that of WL alloy,and shows quite different ten-dency from that of WYO alloy,especially at the sintering temperature of 1373K.For WY and WL alloys,the displacement decreased by 0.6mm between 993K and 1373K due to the thermal expansion of graphite punch rods and the matrix overweighing the contribution of pre-compaction,and continued to decrease at the sintering temperature of 1373K.For WYO alloy,the displacement experiences a slower down-ward trend between 993K and 1373K and a weak upward trend at 1373K.After that,the displacement of WY sees a similar trend with that of WYO.It was found that the WY alloy experienced a substantial decrease in the displacement while the WYO alloy experienced a slight increase at the temperature of 1373K.This result is likely to arise from the formation of a higher volume of Y 2O 3due to the oxidation of Y ele-ment in the WY system.Chemical analysis of the consolidated compacts was performed by the HORIBA EMIA-820V and LECO TCH600devices to measure the C and O contents,respectively.It shows that the C contents were about 240ppm for various tungsten materials fabricated under the same conditions.The amount of oxygen content which existed in MA treated WY powders was 0.4808wt.%,which is enough for the reactionwith added Y particles to form Y 2O 3.Fig.3shows the DSC curve of the MA treated WY powders in the range 373–1723K.A weak exothermic peak at 1500K with an onset temperature of 1400K is found.It probably corresponds to the oxidation of the metallic Y with the residual oxygen in a hermetically sealed pan,which also illustrates that the remaining Y particles are likely to start to react with oxygen around 1373K during SPS.Moreover,a sharp strong and a small exothermic peak can be clear-ly seen at 1003K and 1173K,respectively.According to [11,12],these peaks indicate that the strain relief took place during the heating of MA treated powders.Similar results on the oxygen analysis and the thermal behavior are also found for MA treated WL powders.Fig.4shows the milling and sintering effect on the XRD patterns of the investigated samples.It is obvious that the diffraction peaks are broadened after milling,which was caused by the re finement of powder particles and a high level of internal strain in the W grains fabricated by the MA process.After sintering,the diffraction peaks become narrow again due to the grain growth and strain relief.The quantitative data on such grain growth and strain relief can be obtained by the compari-son of lattice parameters after each stage of the powder processing (Table 1).It should be noted that the XRD patterns for all samples after milling exhibit a single BCC phase,suggesting that the rare earth elements were dissolved into the W lattice.This solid solutionduringFig.1.The temperature and pressure pro file as a function of time for the sintering experiments of rare earth tungstenalloys.Fig.2.The real time sintering curves of all samples without removing the contribution of the thermal expansion of the graphite tool andmatrix.Fig.3.DSC curve of the MA treated WY powder.The peak temperatures of thermally induced transformation of the powders are indicated by arrows.20M.Zhao et al./Int.Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 48(2015)19–23the MA process can be further demonstrated by the lattice parameter increase of the MA treated powders compared with that of the starting pure tungsten powder (Table 1).Microstructure observationMicrostructure of the fracture surfacesThe fracture surfaces of WY,WYO and WL samples are presented in Fig.5.It can be clearly seen that the rare earth elements in fluence the grain re finement signi ficantly.Fig.6shows the grain size distribution which was determined from the SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces.For each image,about 130grains were chosen randomly to eliminate the bias of grain counting.The grain size distributions of WL and WYO alloys are in the range from 1.6to 8.0μm and from 0.8to 4.4μm,respec-tively,and their average grain sizes are 2.46μm and 4.62μm,respective-ly;while,the average grain size of WY alloy is only 1.10μm,which is much smaller than that of WL and WYO alloys.The grain size distribu-tion of WY alloy is in the range from 0.3to 2.0μm,which is much nar-row as compared with that of WL and WYO alloys.Moreover,it is worth noting that the average grain size acquired from the SEM images of fracture surfaces has a remarkable consistency with those calculated by the Rietveld method using the Full prof program,as shown in Table 1.More careful analysis of Fig.6reveals that the WY alloy is denser than WYO and WL alloys.Many big worm-like pores (indicated by yel-low arrows)and small pores (indicated by white dot circles)can be found for WYO and WL alloys on the surface of individual tungstengrains and in the triple junctions.It is easy to learn that the tungsten grains with different additions grew up in a different speed (WL N WYO N WY)according to the average grain size of each stage of powder processing.Besides,the grain growth of pure tungsten or ODS W-based materials sintered by SPS starts between 1373K and 1773K according to literature [9,13].Under a certain pressure between 1773K and 1873K in our present work,the smaller the grain size,the easier the re-arrangement and plastic deformation,and thus higher shrinkage can be achieved.During the holding time at sintering temperature (1873K),grain growth took place simultaneously with further densi fication,which was achieved dominantly by more homogeneous interfacial atomic diffusion but with minimized involvement of surface diffusion according to [9].Meanwhile,the worm-like pores could be formed if the holding time at sintering temperature of 1873K was not enough for W –0.5La alloy having a large grain size.The microstructure of chemically etched surfacesThe microstructures of chemically etched surface are illustrated in Fig.7.EDS analysis indicated that the black phases which existed in WYO,WY and WL alloys are rare earth oxides (indicated by blue ar-rows)and the dark gray phases are pores (indicated by red arrows).For WY alloy (Fig.7b),pores can hardly be found,which is consistent with the microstructure observation of the fracture surface.Besides,fine Y 2O 3particles are distributed uniformly along grain boundaries of WY alloy;while for WYO and WL alloys (Fig.7a and c),many micro-scale pores are found in triple junctions and tungsten grain boundaries,especially for WL alloy.Moreover,the FESEM images shown in Fig.7a and c reveal that the oxide particles are irregular and not distributed uniformly.In the XRD measurements performed on the WL alloy (Fig.4and Table 1),a weak diffraction peak of La 2O 3phase and lattice parameter decrease of sintered WL alloy are observed,which also suggest that the La particles separate from tungsten grains and become micro-scale La 2O 3during sintering.The densi fication analysisTable 2shows the relative density of the rare earth tungsten alloys.The relative density of WY reaches 99.4%,which is much higherthanFig.4.Effect of milling and SPS sintering on the XRD patterns of rare earth tungsten alloys.(a)MA treated powders,and (b)sintered compacts.Table 1Lattice parameters after each stage of the powder processing and the average grain size ac-quired from the SEM images of fracture surfaces.SamplePowder Sintered compact Crystallite size (nm)lattice strain (%)a (W:nm)Grain size (nm)Lattice strain (%)Grain size (nm)—SEM WY 8050.3510.31646215220.0701100WL 4100.3010.31659956650.0414620WYO 6200.3860.31653424820.0342460W11740.0450.31604021M.Zhao et al./Int.Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 48(2015)19–23the WYO (92.1%)and WL (88.3%).This result is agreeable with the mi-crostructure observation.Owing to the grain boundary cleaning effect and sintering enhancing effect of Y particles during SPS,Y doping is ben-e ficial to achieve fully dense tungsten alloys than Y 2O 3doping.On the other hand,the well-distributed fine Y 2O 3dispersions which existed in WY alloy play a prominent role in the re finement of tungsten grains,thus dense fine grained sample can be obtained under the present sintering process.Kim et al.[14]reported that the second phases can act as obstacles in inhibiting the grain growth only in solid phase sintering.Owing to the formation of metallic La liquid phase at 1193Kaccording to the phase diagram Mo –La and then the formation of micro-scale and non-uniformly distributed La 2O 3dispersions as a result of oxidation,the grain growth speed of WL alloy is much higher than that of WYO and WY alloys.Thereby,the relative density of WL alloy is lower than that of WYO alloy and WY alloy even though La particles can exert cleaning effect on the tungsten grain boundaries.Besides,in accordance with literatures [4,15,16],the internal energy originating from the signi ficant strain of the particles could serve as a part of sintering driving force.As shown in Table 1,the lattice strain of WL alloy is 0.301%,lower than that of WYO (0.386%)and WY (0.351%),which is another reason for the lower relative density of WL alloy.The basic mechanical propertiesVickers microhardness and bending strength of the rare earth tung-sten alloys were also listed in Table 2.Of all the three kinds of tungsten materials,the hardness of WY sample is 614.4HV 0.2,much higher than that of WYO (445.2HV 0.2)and WL (303HV 0.2).The lower hardness of WYO and WL alloys originates from the lower relative density and coarse grain size,as shown in Figs.5and 6.Moreover,WY exhibits the highest bending strength (701MPa)among these tungsten alloys,which is 11%and 88%higher than that of WYO and WL alloys.As shown in Fig.5,the remaining pores,including worm-like pores and small pores,reduce the contact area of tungsten grains,thus the bending strength of WYO and WL to some extent decreases.Besides,the coarse grain size (Fig.6)and inhomogeneous dispersions of oxide particles (Fig.7)of WYO and WL alloys are also the reason for their low bending strength.ConclusionsTungsten alloys were successfully fabricated by adding different rare earth elements to W matrix.The effect of dispersing rare earthelementsFig.5.SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces for:(a)WYO,(b)WY,and (c)WL;the yellow arrows denote worm-like pores existed on the surface of individual grains,and the white dot circles denote pores located in the triplejunctions.Fig.6.Histograms of the grain size distributions for WYO,WY and WL alloys.22M.Zhao et al./Int.Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 48(2015)19–23on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the tung-sten alloys can be concluded as follows:(1).The relative density of WY,WYO and WL alloy reached 99.4%,92.1%and 88.3%,respectively.The Y doping was bene ficial toobtain fully dense tungsten alloys as compared with Y 2O 3doping and La doping because the finely distributed second phase parti-cles suppressed the tungsten grain growth and thus ensured the suf ficient grain boundary volume available for densi fication by grain boundary diffusion.The analysis of consolidation behavior and thermal behavior of MA treated WY or WL powders revealed that the added Y or La particles were likely to start to react with oxygen around 1373K during SPS.(2).The average grain sizes of WY,WYO and WL alloys were 1.10μm,2.46μm and 4.62μm,respectively.The Y doping was bene ficial to obtain tungsten alloys with more re fined tungsten grains as com-pared with Y 2O 3doping and La doping.(3).Of all the three kinds of rare earth tungsten alloys,WY alloy ex-hibited the highest mechanical properties at room temperature.The maximum values of Vickers microhardness and bending strength reached up to 614.4HV 0.2and 701.0MPa,respectively.AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to express their thanks for the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.50634060.References[1]Zhang Y,Ganeev AV,Wang JT,Liu JQ,Alexandrov IV.Observations on the ductile-to-brittle transition in ultra fine-grained tungsten of commercial purity.Mater Sci Eng A 2009;503:37–40.[2]Kitsunai Y,Kurishita H,Kayano H,Hiraoka Y,Igarashi T,Takida T.Microstructure andimpact properties of ultra-fine grained tungsten alloys dispersed with TiC.J Nucl Mater 1999;271–272:423–8.[3]Kim Y,Lee KH,Kim E,Cheong D,Hong SH.Fabrication of high temperature oxidesdispersion strengthened tungsten composites by spark plasma sintering process.J Refract Met Hard Mater 2009;5:842–6.[4]Wang HT,Fang ZZ,Hwang KS,Zhang HB,Siddle D.Sinter-ability of nanocrystallinetungsten powder.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 2010;28:312–6.[5]Veleva L,Oksiuta Z,Vogt U,Baluc N.Sintering and characterization of W –Y andW –Y 2O 3materials.Fusion Eng Des 2009;84:1920–4.[6]Brown PH,Rathjen AH,Graham RD,Tribe DE.Chapter 92rare earth elements inbiological systems.Handbook on the physics and chemistry of rare earths;1990.p.423–52.[7]Zhou ZJ,Tan J,Qu DD,Pintsuk G,Rödig M,Linke J.Basic characterization of oxidedispersion strengthened fine-grained tungsten based materials fabricated by me-chanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.J Nucl Mater 2012;431:202–5.[8]Tan J,Zhou ZJ,Zhu XP,Guo SQ,Qu DD,Lei MK,et al.Evaluation of ultra-fine grainedtungsten under transient high heat flux by high-intensity pulsed ion beam.Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 2012;22:1081–5.[9]Ma J,Zhang JZ,Liu W,Shen ZJ.Suppressing pore-boundary separation during sparkplasma sintering of tungsten.J Nucl Mater 2013;438:199–203.[10]Rodríguez-Carvajal J.Recent advances in magnetic structure determination byneutron powder diffraction +FullProf.Physica B 1993;192:55–6.[11]Muñoz A,Monge MA,Savoini B,Rabanal ME,Garces G,Pareja 2O 3-reinforced Wand W –V alloys produced by hot isostatic pressing.J Nucl Mater 2011;417:508–11.[12]Maweja K,Phasha MJ,Choenyane LJ.Thermal stability and magnetic saturation ofannealed nickel –tungsten and tungsten milled powders.J Refract Met Hard Mater 2012;30:78–84.[13]Yar MA,Wahlberg S,Bergqvist H,Salem HG,Johnsson M,Muhammed M.Spark plas-ma sintering of tungsten –yttrium oxide composites from chemically synthesized nanopowders and microstructural characterization.J Nucl Mater 2011;412:227–32.[14]Kim Y,Hong MH,Lee SH,Kim EP,Lee S,Noh JW.The effect of yttrium oxide on thesintering behavior and hardness of tungsten.Met Mater Int 2006;12:245–8.[15]Han Y,Fan JL,Liu T,Cheng HC,Tian JM.The effects of ball-milling treatment on thedensi fication behavior of ultra-fine tungsten powder.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 2011;29:743–50.[16]Prabhu G,Chakraborty A,Sarma B.Microwave sintering of tungsten.Int J Refract MetHard Mater 2009;27:545–8.Fig.7.FESEM micrographs of chemically etched surface of:(a)WYO,(b)WY,and (c)WL.Table 2The relative density and basic mechanical properties of rare earth tungsten alloys.Sample Relative density (%)Microhardness (HV 0.2)Bending strength (MPa)WYO 92.1445.2631WY 99.4614.4701WL88.3303372.123M.Zhao et al./Int.Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 48(2015)19–23。
1-s2.0-S095965261300615X-main
Analysis of cleaner technologies based on waxes and surfactant additives in road constructionMiguel Pérez-Martínez a,Fernando Moreno-Navarro a,Jesús Martín-Marín a,Carolina Ríos-Losada b,M a Carmen Rubio-Gámez a,*a Laboratorio de Ingeniería de la Construcción,University of Granada(LabIC.UGR),E.T.S.Ingenieros de Caminos,Canales y Puertos,Ed.Politécnico,Avda. Severo Ochoa,s/n,C.P.18071Granada,Spainb ServiàCantó,Spaina r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received11April2013 Received in revised form4September2013Accepted10September2013 Available online7October2013Keywords:Warm mix asphaltCleaner productionTriaxial testFour point bending testControl emissionsFuel consumption a b s t r a c tThe manufacture of hot mix asphalt for road construction is associated with a high consumption of fossil fuels and a high level of emissions.The use of temperature reduction technologies in the manufacture of warm mix asphalts favors a cleaner production of such materials,and therefore its use has become a major objective in thefield of road engineering.Thus,during the last few years different types of techniques are appearing in order to achieve this objective.This article presents the comparison established in terms of mechanical performance of three processes of temperature reduction technol-ogies in order to select one of them for its manufacture in plant,where control of emissions and fuel consumption have been collected.The results showed that the use of warm mix asphalt technologies with waxes or surfactant additives may not incur in a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the pavement.The use of surfactant bitumen in plant is possible to produce warm mix asphalts,reducing the consumption of fuel in the process.Ó2013Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionRoad construction is one of the principal works in thefield of civil engineering,and in turn is a major consumer of fossil fuels for the production of asphalt mixtures.The need to adapt this type of production to cleaner processes leads to a search for reducing manufacturing temperature,trying to make it more sustainable and healthy,reducing at the same time the greenhouse gases emissions rates(Rubio et al.,2012)that are so harmful to the environment.Traditionally the asphalt mixtures used in road construction are manufactured at170 C(HMA)(D’Angelo et al.,2008),and are characterized by developing the mechanical properties that guar-antee an appropriate behavior during its life of service(General Management of Roads,2008).On the contrary,during its produc-tion process,the emissions of gases generated,and the fuel con-sumption required are important(Kristjansdottir,2006).As an alternative to HMA’s,during the last few years new processes have been appearing in order to reduce the manufacture temperature.Within these temperature reduction technologies,three types of mixtures can be distinguished by the temperature range of manufacture,warm mix asphalt WMA(100 C e140 C),half warm mix asphalt HWMA(60 C e100 C)and cold mixtures(0 C e40 C) (EAPA,2010).Discarding cold mixtures due to their lack of use out of surface patches rehabilitation,the reduction is achieved by the application of different processes and technologies,mainly dis-tinguishing between three for the WMA,the foaming process and the use of organic or chemical additives(Zaumanis,2010),and two for the production of HWMA,the use of emulsions and eventually foamed bitumens(Rubio et al.,2013).In the case of HWMA’s,not only has been proved that the reduction of emissions and fuel consumption is a fact(Rubio et al., 2013),but also that the mechanical performance achieved by this type of mixtures is not as satisfactory as it was desired(Punith et al., 2013).On the other hand,WMA’s have shown a better mechanical performance than HWMA and comparable to HMA(Reyes-Ortiz et al.,2009),reducing at the same time the consumption of fuel and greenhouse emissions in the manufacturing process(Hamzah et al.,2010).*Corresponding author.E-mail addresses:fmoreno@ugr.es(F.Moreno-Navarro),crioslo@fcc.es(C.Ríos-Losada),mcrubio@ugr.es(M a C.Rubio-Gámez).Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Cleaner Productionjournal homep age:www.elsevi/locate/jclepro0959-6526/$e see front matterÓ2013Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved./10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.012Journal of Cleaner Production65(2014)374e379Based on the number of advantages associated to WMA mix-tures(D’Angelo et al.,2008),which result in environmental(lower emissions),economical(cost savings and lower energy consump-tion)and constructional benefits(better workability and larger compaction window,greater hauling distances and less opening time to traffic)this research compare three WMA technologies for reducing the manufacture temperature of conventional hot mix asphalts.Thefirst is one of the most common additives used for this purpose,the organic waxes,which are aliphatic hydrocarbons of long-chain produced by the Fischer e Tropsch process(Wax,2005). Meanwhile as growing alternative,surfactant additives are an en-ergetic reducing agent allowing the manufacture of WMA to a reduced temperature while maintaining their mechanical proper-ties,the addition was considered in two different ways,mixing the bitumen and the surfactant in plant before adding to the mixture (dry process),and a surfactant modified bitumen(wet process) blended in refinery to compare their influence.This paper shows a laboratory level characterization of an asphalt concrete AC16S mixture for the surface course(EN13108-1,2008)under three temperature reduction technologies.Based on the results obtained,one of the mixtures was chosen to adapt a HMA plant for the production of WMA mixtures and measure the emissions and fuel consumption during the manufacturing boratory works on the mixtures was based on Marshall test,water sensitivity test,triaxial test and four point bending test established the parameters to select the most appropriate mixture for being produced at bigger scale.During the manufacturing process in plant measurement of the emis-sions and fuel consumption of a HMA and the WMA were taken. Finally,the main the conclusions obtained from the analysis of results are exposed.2.Materials and methods2.1.Materials2.1.1.AggregatesAn AC16S(EN13108-1)mixture,which is found in roads and highways all over the world,was used to carry out the study.The aggregates were porphyry for the coarse fraction(12/18and6/12),and a combination of porphyry(0/6)and limestone(0/4)for the fine fraction.Moreover,thefiller employed was calcium carbonate. Table1lists the aggregate properties.The aggregates combination by percentage is shown in Table2, where the gradation of the mixture(Fig.1)was kept constant for all the mixtures developed at lower temperature and with different additives.2.1.2.BitumensFour different binders have been used for the attainment of the objectives of the investigation.Thefirst binder used was conven-tional50/70,and besides being used alone,it was the base for the other three bitumens.50/70bitumen,modified with an organic surfactant additive was used as second binder in order to improve its workability at lower temperatures.The bitumen modification was made in labo-ratory and the percentage of additive used was chosen following the manufacturer recommendations(1%over bitumen weight).The third one was modified50/70bitumen with surfactant products to improve the wettability of the binder as an alterna-tive to the conventional for the reduction of temperature.The last binder used was50/70bitumen modified with microcrys-talline waxes produced by the Fischer e Tropsch process as addi-tive.In both cases,the bitumen was modified in refinery.Table3 describes all the mixtures designed and the additives used,as well as the temperature reduction applied on their manufacture process.2.2.MethodologyThe methodology followed is composed of two phases,labora-tory works and the manufacturing industrial process in plant,being thefirst one divided in three steps and focused on the analysis of the working formula for its adaptation to the manufacture process under different temperature reduction technologies.And the sec-ond one based on the adaptation of a hot mix asphalt plant for the production of a warm asphalt mixture.In laboratory,firstly the optimum bitumen content needs to be determined for the conventional mixture of reference without additives.Based on the values of air voids(%),deformation(mm) and stability(kN)of the Marshall test(NLT-159,2000)the optimumTable1Reference values of the aggregates and mineral dust.Test/aggregate type Coarse aggregate Fine aggregate FillerGrain size(EN933-1)/(EN933-10)Sieves(mm)12/18Porphyry6/12Porphyry0/6Porphyry0/4Limestone Carbonate(CaCO3)24.4100100100100e1684100100100e8162100100e4158792e21160681000.51129301000.251121201000.125e e e e970.0630.50.911.81187Sand equivalent(EN933-8)(>50)4554Bulk density(EN-1097-3)(0.5e0.8Mg/m3)0.7Percentage of fractured face(EN933-5)(100%)100100Flakiness index(EN933-3)(25)1625Resistance to fragmentation(EN1097-2)(20)1515Cleaning(organic impurity content)(UNE146130,Annex C)(0.5%)0.50.5Particle density andabsorption(EN1097-6)r a(Mg/m3) 2.73 2.73 2.77 2.71r SSD*(Mg/m3) 2.70 2.71 2.72 2.67r RD(Mg/m3)2.69 2.70 2.70 2.65Water absorption after immersion(%)0.600.400.910.77M.Pérez-Martínez et al./Journal of Cleaner Production65(2014)374e379375content of binder was set,using the same in all the WMA ’s mix-tures.Furthermore,several test were carried out to assess the mechanical behavior of the conventional mix:water sensitivity test (EN 12697-12,2009),cyclic triaxial compression test (EN 12697-25,2006,method B)in order to study the plastic deformations,and the four point bending fatigue cracking test (EN 12697-24,2013,annex D)to assess the long term response of the mixture.In the second stage the Marshall test,with the optimum bitumen content determined,is undertaken for the three mixtures with temperature reduction technology at 140 C to study their Marshall stability (kN),voids content (%)and deformation (mm).The mechanical performance was also evaluated in the WMA mixtures applying the same test procedures and conditions as in the first stage for the Reference Mix.Finally,a comparative analysis of the four mixtures is developed.With this purpose their stability (kN),retained strength against water (%),creep modulus (MPa)and fatigue life parameters are compared.Based on this analysis,the warm mix asphalt technology with the best overall performance will be selected for its adaptation to the plant production and to construct a road section test.In plant works are centered on the adaptation of a HMA plant for the manufacture of a WMA mixture.For this purpose a HMA and WMA mixtures are produced,measuring during the process the emission of pollutants,as well as the consumption of fuel required.In the case of the control of emissions,the methodology was similar to the one followed by Rubio et al.in (2013).In-point source emissions were measured (Fig.2);humidity,wind,and temperature data were also collected to assure the spreading in similar atmospheric conditions for HMA and WMA gases to compare the results.The parameters evaluated were the Combustion Gases (CO,NO x ,O 2,CO 2)measured by a multi-parameter analyzer (TESTO MXL),the Total Organic Carbon (TOC)through a flame ionization detector (FID,M&A PT)and the emission of Particles (collected in a 47mm filter and subsequently calculated in the laboratory by gravimetry).To complete the investigation,the consumption of fuel used is also measured.3.Analysis of results 3.1.Marshall testThe Marshall test results in regards to the optimum bitumen content is shown in Table 4.As can be seen,the values of me-chanical resistance developed by the mixtures in terms of stability and deformation are slightly lower in the case of warm mix as-phalts produced at lower temperature.Furthermore,in the case of surfactants additives (both dry and wet process)a decrease in terms of density is attained by the mixtures as well as an increased in the air voids content.This is due to this type of additives,which produce an improvement in the adhesiveness aggregate/binder and a better wetting of the aggregate,but no change in the viscosity of the bitumen,and therefore it may have certain dif ficulties associ-ated to perform the compaction of the mixture at lower tempera-ture.In the case of wax bitumen,this fact does not occur as waxes modi fied binder viscosity and consequently the values of density and air voids are not affected by reducing the temperature of manufacture and compaction.3.2.Water sensitivity testA new set of 6specimens per mixture using the optimum bitumen content were produced to perform the water sensitivityTable 3Studied mixtures and bitumens used.DenominationBitumenAdditive natureAddition processMixturemanufacture temperature ( C)Reference Mix 50/70Nonee 160Dry Surfactant Mix50/70þ1%additive Surfactant Dry 140Wet Surfactant MixSurfactantmodi fied 50/70Surfactant Wet 140Wet Wax MixWax modi fied 50/70Microcrystalline waxesWet140Fig.1.Aggregate gradation for asphalt mix type AC-16S.Table 2Aggregates combination by percentage.Aggregate fraction PercentagePorphyry 12/1815Porphyry 6/1244Porphyry 0/620Limestone 0/415Calcium carbonate filler6Fig.2.Simpli fied HMA plant distribution and in-point source.Table 4Marshall results and optimum bitumen content.ParameterReference Mix Drysurfactant Mix WetSurfactant Mix Wet Wax Mix Optimum bitumen content (%) 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8Bulk density (kg/m 3)2423236423772437Marshall stability (kN)10.7079.4788.2049.053Marshall def.(mm) 2.3 2.9 3.5 3.7Vm (%) 4.0 5.1 4.6 3.1VMA (%)15.316.115.614.5M.Pérez-Martínez et al./Journal of Cleaner Production 65(2014)374e 379376test(EN12697-12,2009).Table5resumes the values of strength obtained in the test.Once again the resistance values,in this case indirect tensile strength,shown by warm mix asphalts are slightly lower than those of the Reference Mix,perhaps indicating that may be inter-esting to increase the energy of compaction when using this type of mixtures,but higher than the ones obtained by Oliveira et al.(2013) with and without rubber.However,the retained strength(ITSR) shown by warm mix asphalts is higher,and therefore can be considered that such materials will be less affected by the action of water.This is because,in the case of surfactant additived mixtures to the improvement of adhesiveness that they generate(not only improving the coating of the aggregate,but also acting as its stimulator).Meanwhile,in the Wet Wax Mix may be related to its compaction improvement and its lower void content.3.3.Cyclic triaxial compression testPlastic deformations were evaluated by the cyclic triaxial compression test(EN12697-25,2006,method B),taking at the same time the service stresses and strains into account by means of a confining load.The conditions selected involved the com-bined application at a constant temperature of40 C of a confining load of120kPa and another cyclic sinusoidal out-of-phase axial loading of300kPa at a frequency of3Hz during12,000load cycles.The creep modulus and permanent deformation parame-ters for each mix were calculated.Table6shows the triaxial test results.The values obtained for the creep modulus indicate that the most resistant mix against plastic deformations is the Wet Wax Mix.The Wet Surfactant Mix behaves similar to the Reference Mix, even manufactured at lower temperature and the permanent deformation experienced only varies in0.03%.In the case of the Dry Surfactant Mix,results showed an increase in plastic deformation, probably due to a lack of mix compaction(as it is showed in its void content).3.4.Four point bending testTo perform the test,specimens of408Â50Â50mm with sawn faces were manufactured,and a sinusoidal waveform load was applied.The tests were carried out at20 C,in strain control mode and at a frequency of10Hz.The mixtures were tested in six different strain amplitude levels,250m m/m;200m m/m;175m m/m; 150m m/m;125m m/m and100m m/m Fig.3shows the potential fatigue laws derived from the four-point bending test performed in the4types of mixtures tested.As can be observed,independently of the warm mix technology used,the fatigue behavior of the mixtures evaluated is very similar, which coincides with thefindings of other researchers(Jones et al., 2010).On the other hand,the correlation coefficients of the fatigue laws obtained are high,indicating a uniform mechanical behavior of the warm mix asphalts.This aspect agrees with the results ob-tained by Johnston et al.(2006),which showed that additive did not affect the homogeneity of its long-term mechanical behavior.Moreover,the fatigue behavior of the Dry and Wet Surfactant Mixes is very similar,regardless of the method used to add the additive.Meanwhile,it should be noted that the fatigue behavior of the Wet Wax Mix is slightly different.At higher strain amplitudes fatigue life is smaller,while for lower strain amplitudes it increases in relation to the other mixtures evaluated.This behavior is typical of more rigid materials,aspect which is supported by the results obtained in the triaxial test,where the Wet Wax Mix showed a low rate of permanent deformation(which means that is a more rigid material).Table6Triaxial test results.Parameter ReferenceMix DrySurfactantMixWetSurfactantMixWet WaxMixCreep modulus(MPa)178.57153.45175.95202.70Permanentdeformation(%)1.68 1.96 1.71 1.48Table5Water sensitivity test results.Parameter ReferenceMix Dry SurfactantMixWet SurfactantMixWet Wax MixITSR(kPa)dry group2030.01469.01749.71464.3ITSR(kPa)wet group1741.71281.01575.71357.3ITSR(%)85.587.290.192.7Fig.3.Fatigue behavior of the studied mixtures at strain controlled test(T¼20 C,f¼10Hz).M.Pérez-Martínez et al./Journal of Cleaner Production65(2014)374e3793773.5.Control of emissionsData collection for controlling emissions took place during the process of manufacturing the conventional HMA at 176 C and the mixture Wet Surfactant Mix selected as WMA at 140 C.Table 7resumes the results obtained.Fig.4shows the emissions results obtained from the manufacturing of WMA and HMA mixtures.They have been compared with the HMA and HWMA results from Rubio et al.(2013).In terms of CO 2and NO x WMA slightly reduces the emis-sions,while in TOC and CO the values obtained have been increased,which was not expected.It can be appreciated how HMWA reduce the emissions in comparison with the hot asphalt mix while no reduction is appreciated between the WMA and the hot asphalt mix.3.6.Fuel consumptionTable 8indicates the results from the measure of the fuel needed for the manufacture of HMA and WMA mixtures.According to the values obtained in plant,the consumption of fuel for the manufacture of WMA is 35%lower.Decreasing the flame modulator by 60%would save fuel.The increase of the time of mixing by 5s is to guarantee the good cover of the aggregates;it induces to a decrease in production but the savings on fuel consumption balances it.4.ConclusionsIn this paper,mechanical performance testing on three asphalts mixtures modi fied under different temperature reduction tech-nologies was conducted.The aim of the research was to select one of the processes to adapt a HMA plant into the manufacture of WMA mixes,and measure the emissions and consumption of fuel during the process.The results obtained during the investigation led to the following conclusions:e The use of both,surfactants and waxes,as additives can reduce the manufacture temperature of asphalt mixtures to 140 C,providing materials with similar mechanical behavior than the hot mix asphalt.e In the case of surfactant additived mixtures,its incorporation into the mixture directly through the bitumen modi fied intheFig.4.Gases emissions of HMA,WMA and HWMA (Rubio et al.,2013).Table 7Emissions data collected.ParameterHMA WMA Manufacture temperature 176 C 140 C CO (ppm)616.8635.5NO x (NO 2)(ppm)55.653.2TOC (mgC/Nm 3)33.553.2Oxygen (%)16.516.5CO 2(%)2.5 2.6Speed (m/s)15.414.6Humidity (%)5.85.7Table 8Fuel consumption.ParameterHMA WMA Manufacture temperature 176 C 140 C Flame modulator 95%33%Time of mixing (s)3540Production (tn/h)200180Fuel consume (l/tn)5.83.8M.Pérez-Martínez et al./Journal of Cleaner Production 65(2014)374e 379378refinery plant(wet process),seems to offer further guarantee of success than incorporating it directly on the mixture(dry pro-cess).Although not offering an improvement in the compaction process of the mixture,the improvement of adhesiveness in the mixing offered by this additive allows manufacturing such materials at lower temperatures while maintaining their me-chanical properties.Thus,retained resistance values are pre-served against the action of water,plastic deformation,and fatigue behavior,showing how the use of this type of additived bitumens may offer bituminous mixtures with similar charac-teristics to HMA,assuming an environmentally cleaner alter-native to road construction.e In turn,wax modified bitumens let ensure acceptable compac-tion of the mixes at lower temperatures,offering a good response to the action of water and plastic deformation,as well as good fatigue life.Based on the results obtained in this research,this technology presents itself as an interesting alter-native for the environmental improvement in the production of asphalt mixtures.e Among the temperature reduction technologies studied,thebest results provided,in terms of mechanical performance is the Wet Wax Mix.Nevertheless,the Wet Surfactant Mix has also shown good overall mechanical response.So,when deciding which technology could be used for the next phase of the investigation,surfactant modified bitumen in refinery could be considered if it results economically and more competitive than using waxes.e In relation to the pollutant emissions,data collected do notshow a decrease as expected.On the other hand,other studies where a higher decrease of temperature takes places(as HWMA manufacturing process)provide a more significant reduction of emissions.In this sense,to achieve a better knowledge and significant conclusion more research needs to be develop about emissions during the manufacturing process of asphalt mixes with reduction of temperature(evaluating other asphalt plants and WMA technologies).e Fuel consumption can be decreased by35%respect to the pro-duction of HMA due to the reduction of theflame to dry the aggregates.When reducing this temperature of drying the time of mixing may be increased,but the savings in fuel can be considerable.AcknowledgmentsAuthors would like to acknowledge the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for its assistance in the project:INMBERS:Investigación de nuevas mezclas de baja energía para rehabilitación superficial.IPT-420000-2010-12.ReferencesD’Angelo,J.,Harm, E.,Bartoszek,J.,Baumgardner,G.,Corrigan,M.,Cowsert,J., Harman,T.,Jamshidi,M.,Jones,W.,Newcomb, D.,Prowell, B.,Sines,R., Yeaton,B.,2008.Warm-mix Asphalt:European Practice.Report FHWA-PL-08e 007.Office of International Programs,U.S.Department of Transportation, Washington DC,USA.EAPA,European Asphalt Pavement Association,January2010.The Use of Warm Mix Asphalt.EAPA position paper (accessed09.10.12.).EN12697e12,2009.Bituminous Mixtures.Test Methods for Hot Mix Asphalt.Part 12:Determination of Water Sensitivity of Bituminous Specimens.European Committee for Standardization,Bruxelles,Belgium.EN12697e24,2013.Bituminous Mixtures.Test Methods for Hot Mix Asphalt.Part 24:Resistance to Fatigue;Annex D,Four Point Bending Fatigue Cracking Test.European Committee for Standardization,Bruxelles,Belgium.EN12697e25,2006.Bituminous Mixtures.Test Methods for Hot Mix Asphalt.Part 25:Cyclic Compression Test;Method B,Cyclic Triaxial Compression Test.Eu-ropean Committee for Standardization,Bruxelles,Belgium.EN13108e1,2008.Bituminous Mixtures e Material Specifications.Part1:Asphalt Concrete.European Committee for Standardization,Bruxelles,Belgium. General Management of Roads,2008.General Technical Specification for Road and Bridge Works PG-3.Articles542and543(in Spanish),Madrid,Spain. Hamzah,M.O.,Jamshidi, A.,Shahadan,Z.,2010.Evaluation of the potential of SasobitÒto reduce required heat energy and CO2emission in the asphalt in-dustry.J.Clean.Prod.18,1859e1865.Johnston, A.,Yeung,K.,Bird,J.,Forflyow, B.,2006.Initial Canadian experience with warm-mix asphalt in Calgary,Alberta.In:Proc.51st Annual Conference of the CTAA,Charlotte-town,Prince Edward Island,Canada,pp.369e386. Jones,D.,Barros,C.,Harvey,J.T.,Tsai,B.W.,Wu,R.,2010.Preliminary results from California warm-mix asphalt study.In:Transportation Research Board89th Annual Meeting,Washington DC,USA.Kristjansdottir,O.,2006.Warm Mix Asphalt for Cold Weather Paving(PhD thesis).University of Washington,Seattle,WA,USA.NLT-159,2000.Marshall Test.Road Tests of the Road Study Center(in Spanish), Madrid,Spain.Oliveira,J.R.M.,Silva,H.M.R.D.,Abreu,L.P.F.,Fernandes,S.R.M.,e of a warm mix asphalt additive to reduce the production temperatures and to improve the performance of asphalt rubber mixtures.J.Clean.Prod.41,15e22.Punith,V.,Xiao, F.,Wingard, D.,2013.Performance characterization of half warm mix asphalt using foaming technology.J.Mater.Civ.Eng.25,382e 392.Reyes-Ortiz,O.,Pérez,F.,Miró,R.,Amorós,J.,Gil,S.,2009.The Phoenix Project at UPC.Warm mix asphalt mixtures.In:XV Ibero-Latin American Congress of Asphalt.Lisbon23-27November2009,Portugal(in Spanish).Rubio,M.C.,Martínez,G.,Baena,L.,Moreno,F.,2012.Warm mix asphalt:an over-view.J.Clean.Prod.24,76e84.Rubio,M.C.,Moreno,F.,Martínez-Echevarría,M.J.,Martínez,G.,Vázquez,J.M.,2013.Comparative analysis of emissions from the manufacture and use of hot and half-warm mix asphalt.J.Clean.Prod.41,1e6.Wax,Sasol,2005.Roads and Trials with / sasolwaxmedia/Downloads/Bitumen_Modification-p-409/Roads_and_trials.pdf (accessed17.09.12.).Zaumanis,M.,2010.Warm Mix Asphalt Investigation(PhD thesis).Technical Uni-versity of Denmark,Kongens Lyngby,Denmark.M.Pérez-Martínez et al./Journal of Cleaner Production65(2014)374e379379。
卡巴拉神秘学入门
卡巴拉神秘学⼊门查看⽬录⽅式：视图-⽂档结构图风由晶整理制作简介《古代神秘学院⼊门书》是开发⼼灵与灵性成长⼀门详尽⽽密集的课程，当中附有专门指导你完整发展灵通潜⼒的练习与做法。
你会加强⾃⼰的超感应⼒，变得更为醒悟。
所有⼈多少都具备了⼀些超感应⼒。
透过此课程，你能够开发⾃⼰真正的天赋。
你可以成为眼通、⽿通、感应通，学会观察⼈体⽓场，并诠释它的⾊彩，与你的天使及指导灵接触与沟通，运⽤宇宙能量从事治疗，或成为才华洋溢的导师或谘商师。
此特殊课程赋予你强化潜在灵通⼒必要的指⽰与说明。
这些美好的天赋能供你运⽤，来帮助⾃⼰与他⼈。
我们的⽣命都有⼀个⽬的，⼀个现⾝于此地的原因。
但愿你能够洞悉贡献⼀⼰的⼈⽣⽬标。
我竭诚希望你们每位都能达到个⼈⽬标，并扶持整体⼈类。
让我们共创⼀个美好的世界。
毕竟，我们之所以来到世上是为了要服务彼此。
愿爱与光的天使与你相随。
作者简介道格拉斯．德龙（Douglas De Long）灵性⁄个⼈谘商师、前世治疗师、医疗灵通与脉轮专家。
花了⼆⼗多年的时间，修练与开发个⼈超感应⼒与灵性成长。
他创⽴了⼀门独到的课程，从事此项教学超过五年，并将个⼈学识及通灵所接收到的教义集结成册。
另着有《古代神秘学院进阶篇》（Ancient Healing Techniques：A Course in Psychic and Spiritual Development）。
道格拉斯与妻⼦凯罗，住在加拿⼤的萨斯卡通城（Saskatoon），于当地创办德龙古代神秘学院，致⼒于协助启发⼈们，发展与⽣俱来的超感应⼒与灵性潜能。
第⼀章．古代神秘学院与宗教简史⼈类最崇⾼的⼼灵运⽤，在于研究造物主的杰作，——圣者拉玛特⾥（神谕）现代的世界充斥着科技：计算机、电讯、航⾏世界的喷射飞机、陆地上的豪华座车、⾼耸在⼤型都会中⼼的建筑物，以及供应我们⽇常需求的量贩店。
这或许如同臵⾝于「奇迹时代」⼀般，但真是如此吗？现令的世界现实⽽充满压⼒，许多家庭双亲都必须⼯作以维持舒适的⽣活。
bbc视频网址
对于纪录片爱好者来说，追BBC（英国广播公司，比较权威的高知名度的媒体）题材广泛、制作精良的纪录片是人生一大乐事。
看BBC的纪录片，既可以追溯上下数千年的历史文化，也可以欣赏从宇宙到地信深处的奇妙境界，而其其超级精彩的画面即使定格，也是一幅摄影佳作。
1《恒河》高清（3集）/v_NTIxOTc4Nzg.html/v_NTIxOTc4NDQ.html/v_NTIxOTc4NTk.html2《活力星球》/v_NDUyNzMyOTY.html3《地平线：超大质量黑洞》_show/id_ca00XMTg4MzgyMTY=.html4《百慕达三角洲之谜》/v_NDgxNjQ4MTE.html5《野性加勒比》（2集）_show/id_XNzU1NTA4ODQ=.html_show/id_XNzU1NTEwMDQ=.html6《星际漫游》暂时没找到标清的（3集）/v_MzUyNTQ5Nzc.html/v_MzUyNTI1MzQ.html/v_MzUyNDQ3MzU.html7《探潜鲨鱼火山》_show/id_XNDE5MTYzMjg=.html8《太空漫游》/view/dPXYzZK4rkU/（不知道是不是BBC的）10《神秘的玛雅》_show/id_XMTU4MzgxMTgw.html11《冷血生命》/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzUzMjU2OTY.html/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzUzMjMzOTg.html/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzUzMjE3NjE.html/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzUzMjAxNjI.html/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzUzMTkxMDQ.html12《俄罗斯音乐祭》（4集）/ow1ejU5dCLDYAHEv.html/Y_cs04w0XYlyhlaC.html/3z3X549bdna3p6Fy.html/YyQeLOjhvCYtUNt2.html13《地球的力量》（5集）/v_MjkyODM2Mjk.html/v_MjkyODE5OTQ.html/v_MjkyNzk3NzI.html/v_MjkyNzczMzc.html/v_MjkyNzM4NjE.html14《透视动物》/v_MzQ5NTAyNzY.html（透视动物1-生存挣扎）/v_MzQ5NDg4Mzg.html（透视动物2-新生命）/v_MzQ5NDcwNzQ.html（透视动物3-极端生活）15《古代启示录》/n8.shtml（古代启示录：尼罗河上的灭亡）高清/n5.shtml（古代启示录：米诺安之谜）高清/v_NTA1NDQ5MjA.html（古代启示录：马雅的崩溃）/discovery/201109/2c7e9d41-d50d-41e6-8fee-9ab72696f7d8.shtml（古代启示录：所多玛与蛾摩拉）16《艺术精品全记录》/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzU0ODU.html 1/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzU0NjQ.html 2缺3/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzU0MzA.html 4/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzU0MTg.html 5/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI5MDc.html 6/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI4ODc.html 7/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI4Njc.html 8/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI4NDM.html 9/play_album-aid-5218275_vid-MzU0MzI4MTk.html 1017《地球》_page/e8.html（1-5集）18《空中特勤组》/v_NDMxNDIwODY.html/v_NDMxNDI0MjI.html/v_NDMxNDI2OTM.html19《制造新人类》/v_MzE4MzA4NTQ.html（复制新人类）/v_MzE4MzI2MjQ.html（预言者）20《消失的古文明》（3CD）/view/lEbrRahp9fU/isRenhe=1/view/VmR5ngTxjXI/isRenhe=1/view/jjntGWN_a4E/isRenhe=121《喜马拉雅壮丽之旅》/UAvLRJrT_B_75oPV.html/ce_s6ExEYcAJ1_vS.html/_CVMQR5Lz9sKN0Mf.html/fGNNkri2CufKrtAp.html/LBay-TAKLrnjeWyB.html/gWYLdYCqEwejU9PZ.html22《与野人同行》/Z2IMOUfS81hUe4kR.html/ehct9zoHgcLm4EHa.html23《艺术的力量》_show/id_cc00XMjkzNTQ5NDA=.html_show/id_cc00XMjkzNTUwODA=.html_show/id_cc00XMjkzNTQ5NzI=.html_show/id_cc00XMjkzNTUwMDQ=.html_show/id_cc00XMjkzNTUwMjA=.html_show/id_cc00XMjkzNTUxNDQ=.html_show/id_cc00XMjkzNTUwNDA=.html_show/id_cc00XMjkzNTUwNTI=.html24《极地之旅》（8集，缺1 7）_show/id_XNzUyMTgwOTY=.html BBC 极地之旅，02 穿越俄罗斯_show/id_XNzUyMjAyNjQ=.html BBC 极地之旅，03 地中海迷踪_show/id_XNzUyMjI2NjA=.html BBC 极地之旅，04 梦幻的沙_show/id_XNzUyMjU5MDQ=.html BBC 极地之旅，05 越过边境_show/id_XNzUyMjkwMjA=.html BBC 极地之旅，06 飞机、船和火车_show/id_XNzUyMzYxMTI=.html BBC 极地之旅，08 严寒的终点25《超自然力量》/view/JLxPn6xTEkE/26《八十天环游地球》/hE1mY7ZP30zhPjEr.html/qSG4-7fVRl19fCxR.html/lmwriPjumAsC3o2H.html/xwS_oil4ZFayNm1W.html/vAMzWoaRGXUFIfE7.html/iNtyYz8cLvA3LO1u.html27《揭秘裕仁天皇》_show/id_XMTkxMjQ1Njc2.html28《人类亲缘》暂无29《人类本能》/id//（专辑，4个部分）30《鬼盗船真面目》暂无31《行星地球探索记》/album-aid-9199320.html 1-1032《蓝色星球》/qmlY1j6kFFK1M8M.html蓝色星球(第01集) 标清/q2hX1T2jE1G0MsI.html蓝色星球(第02集) 标清/rGta2ECmFlS3NcU.html蓝色星球(第03集) 标清/rWpZ1ziblFVO2NMQ.html蓝色星球(第04集) 标清/rm1U0jqgEE6xL68.html蓝色星球(第05集) 标清/r2xT0TmfD02wLq4.html蓝色星球(第06集) 标清/u3hHxS2TA0GkIrI.html蓝色星球(第07集) 标清/ib6mVE3vhUYicycIA.html蓝色星球(第08集) 高清/icKqUEnrgUI7xb28.html蓝色星球(第09集) 高清/icauTEXnfT43wbm4.html蓝色星球(第10集) 高清33《世界自然奇观》.cn/v/b/-85.html.cn/v/b/-85.html34《神迹透视》/tIZ7ibWHHN3XYVqY.html神迹透视1 标清/tYd8ibmLIOHbZV6c.html神迹透视2 标清/toh591icFNXPWVKQ.html神迹透视3 标清35《埃及》_show/id_XMTk2MzQxMjY4.html36《白色星球》/view/PZYgPtj2scs/高清37《野性南美洲》/v_NDE0NDE1Mjg.html BBC：野性南美洲，01+失落的世界/v_NDE0NDE4MzI.html BBC：野性南美洲，02+威猛亚马孙河/v_NDE0NDIyNjc.html BBC：野性南美洲，03+大草原/v_NDE0NDI2MTk.html BBC：野性南美洲，04+安地斯山/v_NDE0NDMwMDM.html BBC：野性南美洲，05+亚马逊丛林/v_NDE0NDMzOTM.html BBC：野性南美洲，06+企鹅海岸38《彗星的故事》/7L3QFTjMqnmjzVB5.html39《二战大突击》/v_MzQ2MTYxNzg.html/v_MzQ2MjQzNDQ.html40《动物超感官》/album-aid-4004416.html 1-541《成吉思汗》/v_NTYxMTY5ODQ.html42《微观世界》高清/videos/2247395/video/92660/43《漂移的灾难冰山》/SWnddmz5VWzybH-9.html/Y8B1AYvkJ_yNV_jX.html44《寻找特洛依战争》/v_MzUzNzgzNzM.html/v_MzUzNzc0ODI.html/v_MzUzNzYzNTA.html/v_MzUzNzQ5NjY.html/v_MzUzNzMxMDQ.html/v_MzUzNzAzMjc.html45《北极传说》高清/cgv0ctpAsO5RzxE.html46《地平线》+%B5%D8%C6%BD%CF%DF&ct=8&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=0&fbl=80047《与恐龙同行》_show/id_1761483.html48《纳粹警示录》/show/XMzIxODg0?keyword=%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E8%AD%A6%E7%A4%BA%E5 %BD%9549《地球脉动》/show/XMzk5ODI0?keyword=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%84%89%E5%8A%A850《两性奥秘》/show/XNDM4MjY4?keyword=%E4%B8%A4%E6%80%A7%E5%A5%A5%E7%A7%98（3集）51《霍金的宇宙》_show/id_.html（6集）52《海洋奥德赛》/album-aid-5538444.html 1-653《动物战场》/album-aid-5593860.html 1-454《野生动物奇观》_show/id_XOTEyNTM5NzI=.html_show/id_XOTEyNTMxNzI=.html55《海明威冒险之旅》_show/id_XNzQ1NDcyMTY=.html_show/id_XNzQ1NDc3MjA=.html_show/id_XNzQ1NTA0MzI=.html_show/id_XNzQ1NTA0Mjg=.html56《锦绣中华》（6集）/Jncw6OlWo92mS5aa.html/eZB2ZLTdiCeky9c9.html/wEYsf6yFFcBGJXnR.html/NEhxD1O7d9KpGZED.html/A18_WPJIM0Cz5xsE.html/9iHnWa5WOiwAvVwX.html/id//（豆列，无字幕，缺第二集）57《长城》/index_3606735.html 1-458《探索不列颠的高地》/index_3402507.html 1-559《世界八十宝藏》/index_3355995.html 1-1060《超级风暴》/id/1582924/超级风暴(Superstorm)3集全61《维生素真相》/v_MjY3OTg2Mjg.html62《观星指南》/id/63《爱因斯坦的最大失误》_show/id_XMTM5NDc1OTI=.html64《时光机器》.cn/v/b/-32.html.cn/v/b/-32.html65《复活节岛上失落的众神》/SG5V0zuhEUibyML4.html66《地图上的空白》_show/id_XMzI1MDYzODQ=.html67《大地之歌》/view/ifJxyyuPUr8/_show/id_XMzI2MjI2Mjg.html68《野性印尼》/v_NTI5ODc1MTg.html/v_NTI5ODc1MTk.html/v_NTI5ODc1MjY.html69《亚马逊深渊》_show/id_XNTU4NzI5MTY=.html_show/id_XODU1MTM3ODQ=.html_show/id_XNTU4OTU1NDA=.html_show/id_XODU1MTM4MjA=.html_show/id_XODU1MTM4MjQ=.html70《尼罗河》/v_NTU4NDAzNzM.html古代启示录第一集尼罗河之死相关系列/v_NTU4NDA0NTc.html古代启示录第二集米诺安文明之谜/v_NTU4NDA0NzQ.html古代启示录第三集崩溃的马雅文明/v_NTU4NDA0NzU.html古代启示录第四集所多玛与蛾摩拉71《园丁鸟的魅力艺术》_show/id_XMzI2MjI0Njg.html72《以色列的诞生》/v_NTg4NjYzMDY.html73《旷世杰作的秘密》/p/l.html74《文明的轨迹》_show/id_2142542.html太多了，请自行搜索：75《环太平洋之旅》/view/yoYYC7iRiAQ/只找到这么短的76《玛雅地底之谜》_show/id_XMTExMTYyNDYw.htm77《人脑漫游》_show/id_2418422.html（6集，缺2 3）78《死尸的价值》/v_NDg2MjEwODA.html79《地球：气候战争》/view/eVbm56M1hzY/isRenhe=1/view/Lk-3wotiPSc/isRenhe=1/view/Wef7Jgp4_9A/isRenhe=180《上帝之子》/v_NDUyMDI3Mjg.html/v_NDUyMDM2NTI.html81《仰望夜空：大爆炸》_show/id_XMTk4NTczMzMy.html_show/id_XMTk4NTc0MzUy.html_show/id_XMTk4Njg4ODY0.html82《人体世界》_video/q_BBC%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%8F%8D%E8% 97%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%EF%BC%8D%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%96 %E7%95%8C83《自然世界：鳄鱼谣》_show/id_XNzc3MDk0OTI=.html84《1929年大崩盘》/u-uNavRYf8Gtm1HH.html85《抹香鲸：深渊归来》/a/254507.html86《动物犯罪现场》/712uhuvscmGiLjjk.html BBC 动物犯罪现场1：内陆刺客/YZn_SX0ZGemwLuGM.html BBC 动物犯罪现场2：海洋刺客/wegwY_U4I-LoLkdx.html BBC 动物犯罪现场3：极圈刺客/2qVM633hx3w3vqwu.html BBC 动物犯罪现场4：非洲刺客/VCRPAJK7wWJZHvV1.html BBC 动物犯罪现场5：亚马逊刺客87《惊世一刻》/album-aid-6681316.html 10集全88《金字塔》这个系列的很多_playlist/q_BBC%20%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%9489《宇宙行星探索记》/album-aid-7083966.html 1-890《宇宙无限》/album-aid-5259903.html 1-691《庞贝古城：最后的一天》92《罗马斗兽场》_show/id_XNDUyMDgyMTI=.html93《自然世界：驭风而归》/view/Mi7_h7o0Slk/isRenhe=194《自然世界：聪明的猴子》_show/id_XOTc0Mjk2ODA=.html95《生命之源》/v_NTYzMzA2ODY.html/v_NTYzMzE0MzA.html不确定是不是第二集/v_NTYzMzE0NTA.html/v_NTYzMzE4NzA.html/v_NTYzMzI2MDI.html96《爆破达人：前进赌场》/2ZsfynRHFWcvTZA V.html?loc=youce_tuijian /3XuWyvsIUfgCQGjo.html?loc=youce_tuijian /SHY_ojbyBYu68M7F.html97《印度的故事》/id/7932983/（6集，缺2 3）98《自然生态精选》/WLibFA2vRQXiciaYHA.html/Wb6GBGzSQoDjYXE.html/WsGicPaULe7kcmlo.html/W8DAPqYMfLodm1s.html99《消逝的生物》高清/BIdicicWXLO3ncWqU.html/FJdv7VW7K2nMSpU.html/FZZw7la8LGrNS5Q.html100《神话与英雄大观》/shyyx/（4集）101《群体大自然》_show/id_XNTc4NTA1MDg=.html_show/id_XNTc4NTA1Mjg=.html_show/id_XNTc4NTA1NzI=.html_show/id_XNTc4NTA2MzI=.html102《战栗东方》/v_NDc3NTkwNDA.html战栗东方A/v_MzM2MDUyMTQ.html战栗东方B106《雌雄争霸战》_show/id_XNjE0MjMwNTY=.html雌雄争霸战第一集弱者与强者_show/id_XNjE0MzMwODg=.html雌雄争霸战第二集挑剔的雌性_show/id_XNjE0MTcwMjg=.html雌雄争霸战第三集卵子争夺战_show/id_XNjE0MzM0NjQ=.html雌雄争霸战第四集父母的进退两难_show/id_XNjE0MzM3MTI=.html雌雄争霸战第五集家有要事104《挪亚方舟》_show/id_XNzM5MzIwODA=.html105《诺曼底大登陆》/NIHkjIdZ0vJnDmNz.html/view/u9UmSPbBft4106《广岛核爆》.cn/v/b/-72.html107《敦刻尔克大撤退》/v_NDc3MzYxODQ.html/v_NDc3Mzc1OTM.html/v_NDc3Mzg4NDM.html108《地球水之旅》/v_NDUyNjYyOTk.html/v_Mjc1OTM5OTI.html国语配音109《从诺曼底到柏林》/view/-0BvZV9L2Mw//view/PB1KQun9ymo//view/J4Rt2Ik7P5s/110《大西洋之战》/view/cnRQMdLLMOk/view/ZKaG5ylOy_o//view/g-149cAg5Jo/111《战争之路》/v_MzM2MTYwNzk.html/v_MzM2MjAyMjY.html/v_MzM2MjQxNTM.html/v_MzM2Mjc1Mzk.html112《地球形成的故事》/n8.shtml113《丘吉尔的保镖》/RvWvLZX7a6kMialU.html 1/TPulI4vxYZ8CgE8.html 2/TfqmJIzyYqADgU4.html 3/Tv2nJY3zY6EEgk0.html 4/TicyoJo70ZKIFg0w.html 5/UNicJR68VhcMmpCs.html 6/Ud7KSLAWhsQnpSo.html 7/UuG7OaEHd7UYllk.html 8/UibC8OqIIeL YZl1g.html 9/VOO9O6MJebcamGc.html 10/VeKibPKQKergbmWY.html 11 /VuWicPaULe7kcmmQ.html 12 /VibTAPqYMfLodm2c.html 13114《BBC 海底世界揭秘》/v_Mjc0MjgzMzc.html/v_Mjc0MjQzODA.html/v_Mjc0MjAxMzQ.html/v_Mjc0MTY1MDM.html/v_Mjc0MzIwMzc.html/v_Mjc0MzQyNTY.html115《光的故事》/zOEiFfM_KEOLJ-0f.html/tc6fpvnX-nlPsEFF.html/Hi8CZ7kfMWZ0IVtl.html/F6EwUyZOfTScnEp4.html116《宇宙间的各种洞》_show/id_XNjcxNzE4MDA=.html117《野性非洲》_show/id_1232842.html118《未来景象》/id//119《血战奥马哈海滩》/view/kY-ScA0CBJw/120《最初的伊甸园》/view/FB00tX8XjUI/121《昆虫帝国》_show/id_XMTA3MTAyMzY4.html_show/id_XMTA3MTAyMzgw.html_show/id_XMTA3MTAyMzky.html_show/id_XMTA3MTAyNDI4.html_show/id_XMTA3MTAyNDQ4.html_show/id_XMTA3MTAyNDcy.html122《深蓝》.cn/v/b/-45.html目录引自《BBC经典纪录片一览》----------------------------------------- 以下是补充内容-----------------------------------------失落的文明之被咒诅的金字塔文明：土库美/videos/2247395/video/99164/迁徙的鸟Le peuple migrateur (2001)/videos/2247395/video/66279/一路平安Latcho Drom (1993)/videos/2247395/video/48956/更多请移步到小站放映室：/videos/2247395/（越宁提供）文明的轨迹（13集+花絮）_show/id_2904225.html（2、6、7、8、10、11、12）/view/Kf0mqfEvf-w/（4）/index_3581528.html（2~13）BBC 加来道雄谈时间01探讨我们如何经历时间/v_NjEzNDAwMjM.html02人一生的时间局限性暨长生不老是否可能/v_NjEzNDAzMDQ.html03讨探地球的年龄/v_NjEzNDA0NjA.html04时间本身有开始与结束吗？/v_NjEzNDI2MDA.html科普系列一根绳子有多长_show/id_XMTg5ODQxMTk2.html（物理）神秘的混沌理论_show/id_XMTcyNjE2MzMy.html（系统论）神秘的你/v_NjEzNTQzNjY.html（心理）天才是怎样炼成的./v_NjEzNTU2MDc.html（生物心理）幽灵捕捉计划—寻找中微子/view/G7-eiISzEQQ/（物理）奇妙的人类旅程_show/id_5289569.html（2——5集，人类学）（神弦歌提供）《英国广播公司：英国古代史》(BBC:A History of Acient Britain)全四集/2889505/《生命博物馆》/2810506/第一季《BBC：中世纪思潮》更新完毕全四集(BBC: Inside the Medieval Mind) /3//2866467《人體世界》(The Human Body)《地平线系列》暂无《音乐的世界系列》(Music Collection)/269823/《BBC 英国历代王朝系列》(Kings & Queens of England)[DVDRip]/127180/《BBC 仰望夜空系列》(BBC The Sky At Night)[TVRip]/134897/《人人影视纪录片特辑：PBS电视台》/55817.html（兀自自提供）《生命》系列纪录片/play_album-aid-9234724_vid-NTMxMjY5ODA_o-2.html/4135259/（sirén 提供）印象派画家1850-1900：/2729665/后期印象派画家-爱德华-蒙克：/2749913/后期印象派画家-保罗-高更：/2749278/BBC 维也纳艺术瑰宝：/234079/亨利八世: 暴君之心：/2741145/BBC 基督教历史：/2801172/神话的诞生：/82693/BBC 英国的七个纪元：/520101/BBC维京人的血统：/84088/（右肩の蝶提供）BBC拍的世界名著小短剧：/diary_v1263454.html（Eremita 提供）与布鲁斯.帕里游亚马逊"Amazon"/3734932//fn568xCUI6CX80zB（梦旅人提供）BBC纪录片七大海洋（高清版）地中海：/FgMFg2hKtPJwDXU.html红海：/IDHzcVo8ouCCib2M.html科特斯大洋：/ibWkrqZKEibjgqU7s.html北冰洋：/ChcZl3xWyAZcIYk.html大西洋：/FQQIhm1HufdrEno.html印度洋：/EAEDgWpMsvByC3M.html南部海洋：/5XU3tZ545iaQibP6c.html（犭苗提供）《英国广播公司：冰冻星球》(BBC: Frozen Planet) /2907925/（鱼丸提供）Seven Ages of Rock （摇滚的七个时代），无字幕。
奥秘 全攻略
奥秘全攻略这是一部脱胎于《辐射Ⅱ》的佳作，继承了其开放式进程结构、多元化通关途径、复杂的设定体系等特点。
围绕科技与魔法的冲突，在设定体系、作战机制等方面作了较大的改善。
由于游戏内容非常庞大，且玩法选择千变万化，因此限于版面，这里仅提供一份主要流程，主角的能力是往科技的方向发展，谨供大家参考，诸位完全可以按自己个性化的方式进行游戏（比如向魔法方面发展）。
故事发生在19世纪后期的一个虚构大陆，中世纪的魔法与以蒸汽机为代表的工业化革命并存着。
你扮演一名随团游客，所乘机械飞艇在山区上空遭奇异飞行物（即飞机）的袭击而坠毁。
你是事故的唯一幸存者，在废墟里发现一位垂死的地精（Gnome）。
应他的请求将一枚奇特的、刻有图案的戒指送给一个男孩，还说他本来逃出来了，但未及说明戒指主人的名字和从哪儿逃出来的，便咽了气。
刚站起身，僧侣Vigil迎上来，坚信你是Panarli教神的化身Living One，自愿跟随你闯荡，并告知可去隐丘镇找长者Joachim询问戒指的来历。
在坠毁点四处转转，击倒小狼、野猪，随处捡拾各种物品。
如果选择发展科技技能，就需要多收集物品以便进行合成，比如healing Salve就是将Ginka根与Kadura茎合成为疗伤药的；如果准备发展魔法技能，则大部分东西都没必要捡。
区域南面的小巫师比较难打，旁边的箱子里藏着好盔甲。
在西北角发现一架袭击飞艇的飞机残骸，机身上刻着“Maxim Machinery，Caladon”。
北面有一小洞穴，尽头床边Charles Brehgo的魂魄告知生前曾遭牧师Arbalah的诅咒，令他无法安息。
区域出口在东南，经过一座奇怪的石碑，遇上一个奇怪的人，由Vigil将他吓跑。
沿小峡谷走一段，屏幕左上地图按钮变为蓝色，点它切换到大地图，从这儿前往别的区域，这种操作方法很类似《辐射Ⅱ》吧。
先去Arbalah的家（点右边的绿色大圆按钮），他的说法与Charles Brehgo相反：是Brehgo及其同伴Fahricus恩将仇报，趁他不在时杀害了他的家人，偷走了一件宝物，也正是贪婪导致了他们的相互暗算。
秘籍
术士 T6 凶星 .additemset 670
盗贼 T6 刺杀者 .additemset 668
德鲁伊 T6 雷霆之心（野性） .additemset 676
T6 雷霆之心（平衡） .additemset 677
.npc add 15688 泰瑞斯提安,疫蹄
.npc add 16524 艾兰之影
.npc add 15689 尼德斯
.npc add 15690 玛克萨王子
地狱火壁垒（Hellfire Ramparts）
.npc add 17537 维斯路登
.npc add 17308 无疤者欧玛尔
走到大门前，然后用
.gobject near
然后会看到门的ID号
这里是.gobject delete 20625
格式 .gobject delete XXXX
.learn 39811 伤害免疫:火焰、冰霜、暗影、自然、秘法
.learn 39804 伤害免疫:魔法
.npc add 23418 苦难之源
.npc add 22947 沙赫拉祖母
.npc add 22952 薇尔莱丝,深影
.npc add 22950 高等虚空术士札瑞佛
.npc add 22083 伊利丹王暴风狂怒者
.npc add 22917 伊利丹.怒风
风暴要塞
.npc add 21212 瓦丝其
海加尔山
.npc add 17767 瑞奇.寒冬
.npc add 17808 安纳斯隆
.npc add 17888 卡兹洛加
.npc add 17842 埃加洛尔
当神秘学来敲门
第一章神秘学的四大源头一般认为，西方神秘学有四大源头：古埃及，希伯来，希腊——罗马及基督宗教，但这四部分的传统有其不同的特点，以下简单说明这四个主要源头的重要内容。
一，古埃及文明在欧洲的文化传统中，北非的古埃及一直被视为一个遥远而古老的神秘文明，在法国学者商博良（Jean Francois Champollion, 1790-1832)重新解读古埃及文字之前，大部分的资料都来自于希腊旅行者的记述。
古埃及神话当中最著名的就是太阳神“拉（Ra）”的家族：拉神生下了风神“舒（Shu）”与雨神“泰芙内特（Tehnut）”，他们结为夫妻，生下了大地之神“盖布（Geb)”和苍天之神“努特（Nut）”，盖布与努特的婚姻虽然为拉神所反对，但他们在智慧之神托特“（Thoth）”的帮助下终于得以结合，并生下“欧西里斯（Osiris）”，“伊希斯（Isis）”，“塞特（Seth）”和“纳芙提斯（Nephthys）”四个孩子。
其中欧西里斯曾多次死亡再生，之后成为盟界之王，伊希斯被认为智取了拉神的法力，而成为伟大的魔法师，并创建了古埃及的祭司系统。
欧西里斯与伊希斯的儿子“荷鲁斯（Horus）”被认为具有伟大的魔力，“荷鲁斯之眼”也常被用在埃及的魔法仪式当中。
圆特神发明了象形文字，在后来也被认为是占卜与医药之神。
除了代表抽象理念的天神之外，埃及大部分的神诋都是以动物形象出现，或是使用人身加上动物头的象徽，例如灵魂的护送者“阿努比斯（Anubis）”就是以狼头人身的形象出现；古埃及另一个很重要的特色是非常重视来生，包括〈〈死者之书〉〉和木乃伊的制作等等，都是为了在死后的世界可以过得更好。
传说中的拉神，舒神，盖布神，欧西里斯及荷鲁斯都曾为古埃及的统治者，后来的“法老王（Pharaohs）”则为他们的后代，具有半神半人的特性；传说中祭司系统由伊希斯所创建，是法老王统治最主要的助手，具有强大的法力，史官系统则是承继托特神的法力，负责记录历史也精通占卜之术。
rohs1.0标准
rohs1.0标准ROHS（Restriction of Hazardous Substances）是欧盟制定的一项环保指令，旨在限制电子电气设备中使用的有害物质。
ROHS1.0标准是指ROHS指令的第一版，于2003年发布并在2006年7月1日正式生效。
ROHS 1.0标准限制了电子电气设备中六种有害物质的含量，包括铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）、镉（Cd）、六价铬（Cr6+）、多溴联苯（PBB）和多溴二苯醚（PBDE）。
根据ROHS 1.0标准，这些物质的含量不能超过特定限制值。
ROHS 1.0标准的实施对电子电气设备制造商、供应商和进口商有一定的影响。
他们需要确保其产品符合ROHS 1.0标准的要求，并提供符合要求的技术文件和声明。
此外，ROHS 1.0标准还要求设备上应标明符合ROHS指令的标志。
ROHS 1.0标准的制定是为了保护环境和人类健康，减少有害物质对环境的污染和对人体健康的潜在风险。
通过限制有害物质的使用，ROHS 1.0标准促进了电子电气设备的可持续发展和环境友好性。
然而，需要注意的是，ROHS 1.0标准只是ROHS指令的第一版，后续还有ROHS 2.0和ROHS 3.0标准相继发布。
这些后续标准对有害物质的限制更为严格，并对更多种类的电子电气设备适用。
因此，制造商和供应商需要及时了解和遵守最新的ROHS标准，以确保其产品的合规性。
总结而言，ROHS 1.0标准是欧盟制定的限制电子电气设备中有害物质的含量的环保指令的第一版。
它对制造商和供应商有一定的要求，以保护环境和人类健康。
然而，随着时间的推移，后续的ROHS标准也发布，要求更为严格，因此需要密切关注最新的标准要求。
Noulds EthoVision 8.0软件快速入门中文版
创建新实验或打开已有实验 ................................................. 8 指定实验设置 ....................................................................... 9 定义独立变量 ..................................................................... 10 定义要手动记录的行为 （可选） ........................................ 11 定义观察区和区块 .............................................................. 11
8 使数据可视化 ............................................................ 25
9 计算统计结果 ............................................................ 27
10 导出数据和结果 ........................................................ 28
在 EthoVision XT 中，从 Help （帮助）菜单中选择 Video Tutorial （视频教程）。观看此教程，以了解如何在 EthoVision XT 8 中建立视频 跟踪研究项目。 在该程序的多个部分中还有一些简短视频教程可供观看。 可单击工具栏上的图标来观看这些教程。
外国神秘学
外国神秘学我认为是世界上最大的一个组织。
有人称之为：“塔罗牌、魔术、占星、心灵感应等组成的复杂迷宫。
”在这些未知面前，我们要像鸵鸟那样将自己隐藏起来。
对于其他国家的文化历史并不了解就无法判断事物的真假性！神秘学研究领域广泛，古老的民间传说包含着丰富多彩的内容。
各种各样稀奇古怪的预言和决定令许多人深信不疑。
据悉，爱尔兰“魔法协会”就是根据欧洲中世纪流行的占卜术创立的。
从几百年到几千年前的书籍中都能发现有关占卜术的描述。
比如，从7世纪到12世纪中期，很多以动植物名称命名的运动都被当做禁忌，因为那段时间恰好是这类运动风靡全球的日子。
而且还规定，除非皇室同意，否则不准使用任何会给战争带来厄运的字眼。
另外，为防止其泄露出去，人们必须按照特殊方式饮食，甚至睡觉的时候也得蒙头盖脸，有关方面强调，只有孩童才能获准穿戴绣有骷髅图案的服饰或佩戴魔鬼面具。
所谓面具，实际上就是将木炭放进一个封闭的陶罐里燃烧，制作者通过观察火焰变幻的颜色来判断敌情。
虽然早在古希腊时代就已经产生占卜术，但随后逐渐演变为一门专业学问——魔术，目前仍有一部分人把它视为真正的科学，近百年来更发展成为表演艺术形式，盛极一时。
英格兰萨福克郡著名舞蹈家迈克尔·杰克逊在舞台上一跃而下，引发了数十万美元的诈骗案，罪犯利用此招声称迈克尔·杰克逊不久于人世，诱骗人们高价购买假冒迈克尔·杰克逊的遗物，涉及总额达10亿美元。
尽管巫师不承认，但这并没影响公众和舆论。
巫师事件和相关媒体报道愈演愈烈，人们开始怀疑所有谈论死亡的行为，尤其是对活人施加的巫术行为，很快便陷入恐慌状态。
曾多次在教堂表演过自杀咒语，造成很多伤害的一位神父离奇身亡。
迈克尔·杰克逊死亡阴谋论越炒越热，全球很多地区的媒体纷纷跟踪报道，整个社会气氛由原先的轻松愉悦转向焦虑紧张，担忧与不安充斥了整个网络。
导致一些人患上了抑郁症和自杀倾向，该事件背后的各种势力再次浮出水面。
霍格沃茨教科书
A Beginners’ Guide to Transfiguration 《初学变形指南》埃默瑞斯威奇著Curses and Countercurse 《诅咒与反诅咒》温迪克教授著Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them 《怪兽及其产地》纽特斯卡曼著Magical Drafts and Potions 《魔法药剂与药水》阿森尼斯波尔著Magical Theory 《魔法理论》阿德贝沃夫林著One Thousand Magical Herbs and Fungi 《一千种神奇药草与菌类》The Dark Forces :A Guide to Self-Protection 《黑暗力量：自卫指南》昆丁特林布著The History of Magic 《魔法史》巴希达巴沙特著The Standard Book of Spells（Grade1.2.3.4）《标准咒语，初.二.三.四级》米兰达戈沙克著Encyclopedia of Toadstools 《毒菌大全》The Dark Forced—A Guide to Protection 《黑暗力量：自卫指南》昆丁特林布著Monster Book of Monsters 《妖怪们的妖怪书》有关龙的：Dragon-Breeding for Pleasure and Profit 《养龙指南》Dragon Species of Great Britain and Ireland 《大不列颠和爱尔兰的龙的种类》From Egg to Inferno ，A Dragon Keeper’s Guide 《从孵蛋到涅磐》魁地奇：Quidditch Through the Ages 《魁地奇溯源》Flying with the Cannons 《和火炮队一起飞翔》Handbook of Do-it Yourself Broomcare 《飞天扫帚护理手册》洛哈特的书：Gadding with Ghouls 《与食尸鬼同游》Holidays with Hags 《与母夜叉一起度假》Magical me 《会魔法的我》Travels with Troll 《与山怪共游》V oyages With Vampires 《与吸血鬼同船旅行》Wanderings With Werewolves 《与狼人一起流浪》Year With The Yeti 《与西藏雪人在一起的一年》Break with a banshee 《与食尸鬼同游》烹饪：Charm Your Own Cheese 《给你的奶酪施上魔法》Enchantment in Baking 《烤面包的魔法》One Minute Feasts——It's Magic 《变出一桌成盛宴！》占卜：Unfogging the Future 《拨开迷雾看未来》卡桑德拉瓦布拉斯基著其他：Great Wizarding Events of the Twentieth Century 《二十世纪重要魔法事件》Great Wizards of the Twentieth Century 《二十世纪的大巫师》Hogwarts ，A History 《霍格沃茨一段校史》Important Modern Magical Discoveries 《现代魔法的重大发现》Modern Magical History 《现代魔法史》Notable Magical Names of Our Time 《当代著名魔法家名录》Study of Recent Developments in Wizardry 《近代巫术发展研究》The Rise and Fall of the Dark Arts 《黑魔法的兴衰》Adventures of Martin Miggs，the Mad Muggle 《疯麻瓜马丁@米格历险记》Gilderoy Lockhart's Guide to household Pets 《家禽还是怪兽？》Moste Potente Potions 《强力药剂》Prefects Who Gained Power 《级长怎样获得权力》Invisible Book of Invisibility 《隐形术的隐形书》Old and Forgotten Bewitchment and Charms 《被遗忘的古老魔法和咒语》Death Omens: What to Do When You Know the Worst is coming 《死亡预兆：当你知道最坏的事即将到来时你该怎办》Sites of Historical Sorcery 《中世纪巫术指南》。
中世纪欧洲的魔法和神秘学研究
中世纪欧洲的魔法和神秘学研究中世纪欧洲是一个充满魔法和神秘学的时代。
在那个时代，人们相信许多神秘的力量可以解决生活中的种种问题。
他们相信魔法可以治愈疾病、预测未来、改变命运。
这些信仰和实践成为中世纪欧洲文化的重要组成部分，对欧洲文明的发展产生了深远的影响。
魔法和神秘学包括许多方面，其中包括占卜、魔法、星相学、神秘主义和神秘符号等等。
这些领域的研究在中世纪欧洲达到了巅峰。
在这个时代，人们通过祷告、草药、魔法和仪式来控制自然界的力量，例如天气、疾病和动物。
这些实践与许多宗教信仰和教义深深地融合在一起。
中世纪欧洲的魔法和神秘学研究的开始可以追溯到古希腊和古罗马时代。
在当时，占卜、星相学和神秘学的研究已经很流行了。
然而，在9世纪和10世纪的欧洲，基督教教士们开始以自己的方式研究这些领域，这同时也是他们抗击异教徒的手段之一。
教士们认为，通过自己的宗教背景来评价和理解这些领域，是非常重要且合理的。
然而，这种方法也导致了一些不恰当的实践，例如通过烧掉占卜书来洗罪或以占卜预测将会犯下的罪行。
在中世纪晚期，魔法和神秘学的实践和研究开始划分为两类：白魔法和黑魔法。
白魔法是基于道德原则的实践，例如通过祷告治愈疾病、预测未来或通过慈善行为改变命运。
黑魔法则是负面的实践，例如诅咒、降妖除魔、与鬼搭档等等。
到了15世纪，随着十字军东征的结束，更多的人开始对黑魔法保持怀疑和负面评价，而白魔法的实践在欧洲文化中变得越来越普遍。
当然，魔法和神秘学的研究也存在其局限性和缺陷。
在当时，缺乏现代科学和理性思维，很难对许多现象进行合理的解释。
一些魔法实践也容易被用来欺骗和利用信仰薄弱的人们。
有些人会诈骗他人的钱财，称可以使用魔法改变他们的命运。
此外，缺乏科学解释也意味着魔法和神秘学的研究往往受到质疑和批评。
这种批评导致了在中世纪晚期逐渐衰落的趋势。
然而，魔法和神秘学研究的魅力始终在欧洲文化中存在并影响着人们的思想和行为。
在现代，某些神秘学的实践已经被证实具有科学根据；例如草药疗法、冥想和瑜伽都可以改善健康和促进身心平衡。
COC 7th 快速开始规则 (DB无插图修正版)
COC 7th 快速开始规则“人类最古老而强大的情绪就是恐惧”By H. P. Lovecraft (1890-1937)7th Edition AuthorsSandy Petersen, Mike Mason, Paul Pricker, Lynn WillisInteriro IllustrationsAlberto Bontempi, Rachel KahnEditingScott DorwardLayoutZachary T. Irwin, Charlie KrankCristoforo fonts created by Thomas Phinney翻译DB感谢Kcirtap凉凉。
SO介绍欢迎来到COC ，这个充满神秘、神话和恐怖的游戏世界。
你将会扮演坚定的调查员，前往陌生而危险的地方，揭露隐晦的阴谋并对抗难以名状的恐怖。
你将会遭遇无数能够毁灭正常人的理智的存在、妖魔或是邪教。
你也会从早该被遗忘的恐怖典籍中了解到可怕的秘密，你和你的同伴将会决定这个世界的命运。
COC 是以恐怖为主题的TRPG 游戏，根据已故伟大作家Howard Phillips Lovecraft （又称H. P . Lovecraft ，以下简称为爱手艺大人）的著作改编。
爱手艺大人所写的从1920s 到1930s 年代的著作中蕴含了从人类世界内与到远超所能感知到的彼端中的恐怖。
爱手艺大人的作品在后世被整理为“克苏鲁神话”体系，包含了各个作家所著的一系列具有相似元素的作品，例如：引用了被创造出的可怕的神秘学典籍（譬如《死灵之书》）和自外而来神祗般的存在。
如果你还没读过爱手艺大人的作品，我们强烈建议你在游戏前进行阅读。
你现在所持（阅读）的小册子中包含了所有你需要的信息，来创造一个COC 游戏中的调查员，并简单介绍了游戏的大体规则。
更多详细的规则都包含在Call ofCthulhu Keeper Rulebook 中。
游戏概述COC TRPG 的目的是与朋友们在爱手艺式的故事中获得乐趣。
神秘学：预测功能和解盘基本要素
神秘学：预测功能和解盘基本要素神秘学是一门旨在通过研究各种神秘现象和超自然力量来预测未来和解读现象的学科。
预测功能和解盘是神秘学中的两个基本要素。
本文将探讨神秘学中的预测功能和解盘的基本概念和方法。
预测功能预测功能是神秘学的核心之一。
它涉及使用各种工具和技术来预测未来事件的可能发生和结果。
以下是几种常用的预测工具和技术：1. 占卜：占卜是一种通过解读符号和象征物来预测未来的方法。
常见的占卜方式包括塔罗牌、符石和水晶球等。
2. 星象学：星象学是通过研究星体的位置和运动来预测人类生活和事件的发展。
通过读取星座和星图，星象学家可以预测个人的性格特点、命运和未来的转折点。
3. 数字学：数字学认为数字有其特定的含义和能量。
通过对数字的解读，数字学家可以预测个人的运势和未来的趋势。
4. 气象学：气象学是一门研究天气和气象现象的科学。
通过观察天气模式和气象数据，气象学家可以预测未来的天气情况。
这些预测工具和技术在神秘学中一直被广泛运用，并为人们提供了预测未来和了解潜在可能性的手段。
解盘基本要素解盘是神秘学中用于解读符号和预测事件意义的方法。
以下是解盘的基本要素：1. 符号解读：解盘的核心在于对符号和象征物的解读。
通过了解符号的含义和象征的意思，可以理解事件和现象背后的含义和影响。
2. 上下文分析：解盘需要考虑事件或现象发生的背景和环境。
了解事件发生时的情境和周围的条件，可以更好地解读事件的意义和可能的发展。
3. 相关知识：解盘还需要基于相关的知识和理论进行分析。
神秘学家需要了解历史、文化、宗教和科学等领域的知识，以便更全面地解读符号和事件的意义。
通过应用这些解盘的基本要素，神秘学家可以对事件或现象进行深入的解读和预测。
结论神秘学中的预测功能和解盘基本要素是探索未知和预测未来的重要工具。
通过使用各种预测工具和技术，结合符号解读和上下文分析，神秘学家能够预测未来的趋势和解读事件的意义。
然而，神秘学仍然是一门具有争议的学科，其预测结果不能被科学方法证实。
神秘学术语：预测功能和解盘基本要素
神秘学术语：预测功能和解盘基本要素概述神秘学术语是一种用于预测未来事件或情况的术语。
预测功能是神秘学的核心要素之一，通过使用一些基本要素，解盘者可以揭示出事件的可能结果。
预测功能预测功能是神秘学的首要目标。
通过研究和应用神秘学术语，解盘者可以试图预测未来的事件、情况或结果。
这样的预测可以包括个人的命运、经济趋势、市场走势等。
解盘基本要素解盘的基本要素是解读神秘学术语以实现预测功能所必需的。
以下是其中的一些要素：1. 符号和象征：神秘学术语中的符号和象征往往承载着特定的意义和象征。
解盘者必须了解这些符号的含义，以便正确解读预测。
2. 意义和解释：神秘学术语中的意义和解释是理解预测的关键。
解盘者需要深入研究这些术语的含义和背后的哲学观点，以便进行准确的解读和预测。
3. 数据和模式：解盘者必须收集和分析大量的数据和模式，以便进行准确的预测。
这些数据可以包括历史事件、趋势分析和统计数据等。
4. 直觉和灵感：解盘者常常依赖于直觉和灵感来做出预测。
这种直觉和灵感可能来自于观察、经验和个人感知，对于准确的预测非常重要。
注意事项进行神秘学预测时，需要注意以下事项：1. 没有绝对准确性：神秘学预测不能保证绝对的准确性，它们只是一种可能性的探求。
解盘者应该谨慎对待预测结果，避免过分依赖于其准确性。
2. 多因素综合考虑：解盘者应该综合考虑多个因素进行预测，而不是仅仅依赖于某一个神秘学术语或要素。
这样可以增加预测的准确性和可信度。
总结神秘学术语的预测功能和解盘基本要素是解读未来事件的重要工具。
然而，预测并非是确定性的，解盘者需要进行深入研究和分析，综合考虑多个因素，以实现更准确和可信的预测。
企业信用报告_儋州市建本积信息技术有限公司
儋州市建本积信息技术有限公司
基础版企业信用报告
目录
一、企业背景 .........................................................................................................................................................5 1.1 工商信息 ......................................................................................................................................................5 1.2 分支机构 ......................................................................................................................................................5 1.3 变更记录 ......................................................................................................................................................5 1.4 主要人员 ......................................................................................................................................................5 1.5 联系方式 ......................................................................................................................................................6
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
西方神秘学快速指南V1.0版文/云汉前言背景每年都有新人撞入西方神秘学的领域，这一领域在最近几年在国内也在稳定缓慢的发展，逐渐形成了属于自己的亚文化圈和固定的受众。
虽然这一学科的某些部分已经作为流行文化的一部分被很多人熟知（例如星座、塔罗），但深入了解它的人仍然少之又少。
加上网络上充满了碎片化和误导性的知识，和它天然存在的语言壁垒，使得很多感兴趣的人并没有在需要的时候，得到正确的神秘学认知，这是很遗憾的。
目的这本手册旨在为西方神秘学新人提供最快速简明的入门指导，受限于这一目标和篇幅，并且受到我本人所学有限的影响，必然是不全面的，仅供参考使用。
考虑到入门的因素，所以将以较为大众和广受承认的系统为主，当然，这并不是一个客观的标准，并且也是随着时间不断变化的。
使用方法神秘学分为很多学科，不同的学科可以带来的东西是不同的，因此一个较好的方式是根据自己的需求选择。
也就是问一问：“你希望在神秘学中获得什么”？或者：“你希望神秘学给你提供什么样的帮助”？本手册将主要按照这种方式进行编排，读者可以按照这一引导选择适合自己入手的神秘学系统。
——你希望学习神秘学吗？——我希望，我感觉对这东西似乎有点兴趣.请跳到5页——不希望，我对此毫无兴趣。
请点击右上角关闭此文件——你想要实践神秘学吗？——不想，我觉得神秘学很有意思，我的创作也可以从此取材，或把它当成谈资，但我并不想真的亲身尝试它。
请跳到6页——不想，我是一个研究者，我更想用历史学、社会学等学科的角度来对其进行研究，而不是成为一个神秘学家。
请跳到7页——我想，我希望亲身尝试神秘学的各种方法，看它能不能带来一些帮到我的神奇效果。
请跳到8页——我不想学习神秘学，只是出于兴趣想了解一些资讯若是不想深入学习，只是出于兴趣想要简单了解神秘学，推荐阅读丹尼尔所著的《当神秘学来敲门》和周宇的《秘苑玫瑰》。
这两本书比较浅白的介绍了西方神秘学的常见内容。
另外，台湾奇幻基地出版过很多从日本翻译而来的，名称包括事典、图解等字样的图书，比如《图解魔法知识》、《图解魔导书》、《恶魔事典》、《魔导具事典》、《西洋神名事典》等这些书都是与西方神秘学有关的入门读物。
不过这些书因为比较冷门，所以可能很难买到全部的实体书，部分书籍在网络上存在电子版，请善用搜索引擎。
此外这些书都是偏向通俗读物的，虽然大体可以相信，但也并不绝对权威且严谨。
——我是一个研究者，希望以学术的角度研究神秘学西方神秘学近些年来，在一众杰出学者如Frances Yates、Antoine Faivre和Wouter J. Hanegraaff等人的贡献下，已经成为了一个独立的、受承认的学术领域，并且在一些大学中也设立了专论这一领域的学科。
不过这是以历史学、社会学等学科的视角着眼于神秘学这一现象，学者们并不会参与到神秘学的实践中（虽然偶尔也有学者会尝试体验）。
在国内，这一学术领域一方面还没有太多有用的资讯，另一方面许多相关的著作，例如《金枝》等，从学术的角度来看已经过时。
张卜天翻译的《西方神秘学指津》是一个不错的入门选择，这本书书后附加的详尽的参考书目更是足以支持更进一步的研究。
若想接触更加前沿的学术讨论，不可避免要去接触外语的成果。
可以参考西方神秘学欧洲研究学会（）和神秘学研究协会（）获得更多的信息。
——我想实践神秘学，试试它的效果。
——那么，你希望神秘学能给你带来什么帮助呢？——我想学习一些测算类的技术，使我能够预测未来，得到问题的答案，或者分析自己与他人，对性格、命运等有更加深入的了解。
请跳到9页——我想得到一些神秘的力量，使我能够掌控自己的遭遇，可以让我能改变自己的生活，能够为我带来我想要的东西。
请跳到14页——我想追求一些不那么世俗的东西，想要提升自己，改变自己，让自己变得更加灵性或者有智慧。
请跳到17页——我想学习一些测算类的技术。
——那么，你对测算什么感兴趣呢？——我对研究人的一生，人的命运有兴趣，我想知道一个人本质是什么样的人，一生中的什么时候会发生什么事情。
请跳到10页——我对解决生活中时不时冒出来的各种小问题更感兴趣，无论是丢东西、找工作还是做选择，希望能够应付这些繁多而具体的问题。
请跳到11页——我对研究人的命运更感兴趣。
——那么你想要更了解一个人的什么呢？——我想更了解一个人的性格、心理、人格，以及一生的起伏，但并不相信宿命论，只希望了解一个人的本质，潜能、课题和大体趋势。
请跳到12页——我想更了解一个人的具体命运，预测他何时走运，何时倒霉，一辈子里什么时候会发生什么可以预测的事件。
请跳到13页——我对解决生活中具体的问题有兴趣根据你的选择，你应该学习一些西方的占卜方式，在这里推荐塔罗或卜卦占星。
这些占卜是针对具体问题的。
当你在生活中碰到了任何不解的情况，或者两难的选择，都可以针对你遇到的问题进行占卜，纸牌或星盘会为你揭露当前的状况，未来的趋势，帮助你做出更好的应对方案。
塔罗的中文资源已经非常丰富，起码新人在学习时，并不需要在一开始就去啃英文资料，由于塔罗我了解不多，所以就不进行我自己的推荐，建议读者参考Hono Yoku（翅膀）的一篇书评文章，文章地址为：https:///s/e6iX7WRjdRiJTji2yZei3g卜卦占星是西方占星的主要分支之一，主要用来解决具体的问题，国内与之相关的资源不算很多，但也有一些。
推荐真乾坤翻译的The Horary Textbook，目前应该已经到了3.0版本，这是一本优秀的卜卦占星教科书。
另外也可参考希斯莉所著的《卜卦全占星》和冯少龙翻译的《基督教占星学》，这本书翻译的是原作的第一册，但最精华的部分在第二册，因此如果想要完整吸收这部经典，还是需要一些外语阅读的能力。
——我想了解一个人的人格、潜能与人生课题根据你的选择，最适合你的学科是现代占星。
西方占星在现代结合心理学和一些灵性运动的影响，逐渐变得不着重于命运的预测，而偏向于性格、心理等方面的解读，并且更加关切人的成长和灵魂觉醒，而非是一些宿命的事件。
这一类的占星国内有很多相关的资源，推荐“天空三部曲”，也即是《内在的天空》、《昨日的天空》和《变换的天空》来入门。
伦敦占星学院的《当代占星研究》、《人生的十二个面向》（台版书名为《占星十二宫位研究》）和《顺逆皆宜的人生》（台版书名为《占星相位研究》）也是质量不错的入门书。
国内其他从国外翻译而来的作品也可以阅读，另外近些年也有很多国外占星师如大卫·瑞雷，诺·泰尔，斯蒂芬·福里斯特，苏·汤普金斯等人来中国授课，讲授一些现代占星的知识，这些课程也是一个入门现代占星可以参考的选择。
——我想预测命运中具体的事件。
根据你的选择，古典占星是最适合你的。
古典占星是一种专门用于论断人生福祸和预测各种事件的占星技术，在国内也有相当一部分资源是可以利用的。
入门书推荐秦瑞生的《占星学》上下册，以及希斯莉翻译的《当代古典占星研究》，不过对于完全的初学者来说，这些书可能有些难读，可以实现在网络上了解一些占星的基础。
更多的书籍资源实际上还是国外居多，国内没有太多可供深入研究的文本资源。
不过在古典占星方面，与已出版书籍的稀缺状态不同，国内的各种课程是非常繁多的，这些都是可以参考学习的。
——我想拥有力量切实改变自己的生活。
——那么你想以什么样的力量，以什么方式去做出这种改变呢？——我想主要依靠一些外在的力量为我带来帮助，比如天使、恶魔等等，通过召唤他们来帮我达成某些要求。
请跳到15页——我想依靠自己本身的能量或意志力，通过自身的一些技术来完成某些要求，而非求助于某些外在的力量。
请跳到16页——我想召唤天使或恶魔来等外在的力量来帮助我。
根据你的选择，适合你的是古典魔法。
古典魔法是一种以召唤灵体为核心的魔法体系，魔法师通过召唤魔法书上的天使和恶魔来完成自己的各种要求。
对于这一魔法体系，国内尚无一本好的入门书可以参考，只能阅读外语作品来学习。
我在这里推荐Aaron Leitch的作品Secrets of Magickal Grimoires作为古典魔法的入门书。
另外，国内也有少部分人有开设古典魔法的入门课程。
读者们也可以参考我曾写过的一篇文章来阅读书籍：https:///s/-HVCIMoaylckhdpUHd3BHw——我想更多依靠自己的力量来执行魔法根据你的选择，更加适合你的体系是现代魔法，在这个魔法体系中非常强调魔法师意志力和想象力的作用，并很大程度上依靠对这些力量的使用来执行魔法。
不过需要注意，现代魔法中也有为数不少和天使、恶魔、众神等外在的力量频繁打交道的时候，不管是祈求帮助还是互相合作，因此选择现代魔法不代表和各种灵体绝缘，只不过在很多时候这种魔法确实更加强调魔法师本身意志力和想象力的基本地位。
对于这一魔法，国内确实有一些中文书，比如《卡巴拉生命之树》、《占星魔法学》、《威卡魔法》等书，虽然它们都是现代魔法书，但实际上也分属不同的分支，前两本偏向金色黎明体系，后一本属于新异教体系，读者可以根据自己的喜好选择。
另外国内神秘学研究者维尔也有编译一本以金色黎明为主要体系的魔法入门书，可以参考以下链接：https:///s/joaMUINlv86VdeKiOrDmgA——我想更多提升自己的灵性，让自己变得更好。
大多数的魔法体系都可以满足你的要求，不管是古典魔法、金色黎明、新异教还是其他。
因此你可以查看第15页和第16页的内容来学习。
另外，现代的一些炼金术的操作可能也满足你的要求，对此国内没有什么太好的入门读物，推荐The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Alchemy 这本书，不过这一现代炼金体系尚在发展，存在一定的问题，更加建议从魔法的途径着手。
附录：找书方式对于很多中文的电子书，正常使用搜索引擎可以查找一些资源，不过出于支持正版的态度，更加建议在书籍未绝版的情况下购买实体书。
对于英文书籍，国内想要购买是存在困难的，推荐使用鸠摩搜书来检索，许多英文书籍都可以用这个网站找到免费的下载链接。
当然，若有条件，还是建议尽量支持正版。