弗洛伊德理论

Pleasure Principle
↓
Reality Principle
→ Pleasure Principle
Reality Principle
In infancy and early childhood, the id rules behavior by obeying only the pleasure principle. People at that age only seek immediate gratification, aiming to satisfy cravings such as hunger, thirst and sex.
《自我与本我》
Some Ideas of Sigmund Freud
人格结构理论: Id, Ego, Superego (自我、本我、
超我)
精神层次理论 : Conscious, Preconscious , Unconscious (意识、前意识、潜意识)
心理治疗法: Free Association, Dream Interpretation, Transference(自由联想、释梦、
The reality principle is more focused on the long-term and is more goal-oriented while the pleasure principle disregards everything except for the immediate fulfillment of its desires.
移情)
Pleasure Principle
and
Reality Principle
Pleasure Principle
In Freudian psychology, the pleasure principle is the instinctual seeking of pleasure and avoiding of pain in order to satisfy biological and psychological needs. Specifically, the pleasure principle is the driving force guiding the id.
Reality Principle
In Freudian psychology, the reality principle is the ability of the mind to assess the reality of the external world, and to act upon it accordingly, as opposed to acting on the pleasure principle.
《梦的解析》
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuaห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ity (1905)
《性学三论》
On Narcissism (1914) 《论自恋》
Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920)
《超越快乐原则》
The Ego and the Id (1923)
The pleasure principle is the psychoanalytic concept based on the pleasure drive of the id in which people seek pleasure and avoid suffering in order to satisfy their biological and psychological needs. As people mature, the id's pleasure-seeking is modified by the reality principle.
Maturity is learning to endure the pain of
deferred gratification when reality requires it. Freud argued that “an ego thus educated has become ‘reasonable’; it
Because they tend to be more concerned with things such as social appropriateness and responsibility. Most adults have developed the capacity for the reality principle in their ego. They have learned to override the constant and immediate gratification demands of the id.
As it succeeds in establishing its dominance as a regulatory principle over the id, the search for satisfaction does not take the most direct routes, but instead postpones attainment of its goal in accordance with conditions imposed by the outside world, or in other words, deferred gratification.
快乐原则与现实原则
婴儿的初级心理系统的特点是顺从心理冲 动、追求快乐，这就是快乐原则；
同时，人生活在社会中，道德、法律等都 要求人们克制本能冲动，适应现实生活， 否则不但得不到快乐，反而会痛苦，这就 是现实原则。
快乐原则和现实原则是弗洛伊德早期精神 分析理论主要观点之一。
Throughout childhood, children learn how to control their urges and behave in ways that are socially appropriate. Researchers have found that children who are better at delaying gratification may have better defined egos.
These two concepts can be viewed in psychological terms or processes, with the pleasure principle being considered the primary process that is moderated by the secondary process（ the reality principle）.
no longer lets itself be governed by the
pleasure principle, but obeys the reality
principle, which also, at bottom, seeks to
obtain pleasure, but pleasure which is
In human development, the transition in dominance from the pleasure principle to the reality principle is one of the most important advances in the development of the ego.
Sigmund Freud
( 6 May 1856 – 23 Sept. 1939)
was an Austrian neurologist who became known
as the founding father of psychoanalysis.
Major works by Freud
The Interpretation of Dreams (1899 [1900])
Pleasure Principle
vs.
Reality Principle
Comparison
Similarity:
Both the reality principle and pleasure principle pursue personal gratification.
Difference:
assured through taking account of reality,
even though it is pleasure postponed and diminished”.
The reality principle and pleasure principle are two competing concepts established by Freud.