高中英语高考复习语法知识讲解(并列句+系动词+介词短语妙用+时态详解)

高考英语语法知识讲解

一、并列句

英语中，有一类连词，用来连接并列的句子或者成分，这些连词统一称为并列连词。

常见的单一并列连词：

and, but, or, so......

单一并列连词连接并列的成分：

1.连接并列主语

Tom and Mary are good friends.

汤姆和玛丽是好朋友。

and连接并列的主语Tom和Mary。

2.连接并列谓语

I watched TV and played basketball yesterday.

我昨天看电视，打篮球了。

and连接并列的谓语watched和played。

3.连接并列宾语

You can eat an apple or an orange.

你可以吃一个苹果或橘子。

or连接并列的宾语an apple和an orange。

4.连接并列表语

They are smart and beautiful.

她们聪明且美丽。

and连接并列表语smart和beautiful。

5.连接并列定语

The beautiful and smart girl is my sister.

这个漂亮且聪明的女孩是我妹妹。

and连接并列定语beautiful和smart。

6.连接并列状语

I walked into the classroom quickly and quietly.

我悄悄地快速走进了教室。

and连接并列状语quickly和quietly。

7.连接并列补语

He saw the thief enter the store and steal something.

他看见这个小偷进入商店，偷了一些东西。

and连接并列补语enter the store 和steal something，都是补充说明宾语thief，所以是宾语补足语。

单一并列连词连接并列的句子：

1.He didn't pass the exam and he felt disappointed.

他没有通过考试，他感到很沮丧。

and连接两个句子：He didn't pass the exam 和he felt disappointed.

2.The task was difficult, but they didn't give up.

这项任务很难，但是他们没有放弃。

but连接两个句子：the task was difficult 和 they didn't give up

常见的复合并列连词：

not only..., but also..., not..., but..., either...or..., neither...nor..., both...and...., as well as

复合并列连词连接并列的成分：

1.连接并列主语

Not only Tom but also his parents want to go to the cinema.

不仅汤姆，他父母也想去看电影。

not only..., but also...用来连接两个并列主语Tom和his parents

2.连接并列谓语

Worried about her son, she neither eats nor drinks.

担心她儿子，她不吃也不喝。

neither...， nor...连接并列谓语eats和drinks

3.连接并列宾语

I want either this doll or that doll.

我想要这个洋娃娃或者那个洋娃娃。

either...， or...连接并列宾语this doll和that doll

4.连接并列表语

He is not a writer but a scientist.

他不是作家，而是科学家。

not...but...连接并列的表语a writer和a scientist

5.连接并列定语

That not old but very new building is our school.

那所不旧反而很新的大楼是我们的学校。

not...but...连接并列定语old和very new

6.连接并列状语

I left the house not because of the dirt but because of the noise.

我离开这个房子，不是因为灰尘而是因为噪音。

not..., but...连接并列的原因状语becasue of the dirt和becasue of the noise

7.连接并列补语

I saw him not only enter the room but also steal the ring.

我看见他不仅进入了房间，还偷走了那枚戒指。

not only, but also连接并列的补语enter the room和steal the ring，补充说明him，所以是宾语补足语。

复合并列连词连接并列的句子：

I choose to study French not because it is easy but because it is hard.

我选择学习法语，不是因为它容易而是因为它难。

not...but...连接并列的原因状语从句because it is easy和becasue it is hard.

2.Not only can he speak English, but he can also speak it very fluently.

他不仅会说英语，而且他英语说的很流利。

not only...but also连接并列的句子he can speak English(原句用了倒装)和he can speak it very fluently.

二、系动词

系动词，英文名：linking verb。

所以系动词，就是起连接作用的词。

英文中有一类句式叫主系表，系动词就是用来连接主语和表语的一类特殊的词。

表语：用来表达主语的身份，性质，品质，特征或者状态。

比如：

He is patient.

他很有耐心。（表语是patient，表明主语的特征）

He is a teacher.

他是一名老师。（表语是a teacher，表明主语的身份）