二层快收敛优化(各种fast)
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Postfast\Uplinkfast\Backbonefast
portfast特性是思科在PVST中提出的快速收敛特性。
针对连接终端的端口,由于这些端口不会形成环路,配置了PortFast特性后,此端口直接从Blocking进入Forwarding状态(跳过Listening 和Learning状态),收敛时间为0秒。
若未配置portfast特性,则这些连接终端的端口收敛时间为30秒(即2个转发延迟)
在RSTP中,借鉴思科的PortFast特性,引入边缘端口(egde-port)的概念。
在思科设备上,为了命令的一致性,因此还是沿用portfast的配置命令。
【配置】
方式1:全局启用portfast
SW(config)#spanning-tree portfast default
针对本交换机的所有Access端口都启用PortFast特性
spanning-tree portfast disable 关闭此端口的portfast特性
方式2:接口下启用portfast
SW(config)#int f0/1
SW(config-if)#switchport mode access
SW(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast
接口下启用portfast
SW(config)#int f0/1
SW(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast trunk
注:当此trunk端口连接到路由器时,可以启用portfast特性;但是交换机互连的trunk端口,若启用portfast特性可能造成交换环路。
1)使用命令show spanning-tree int f0/1
Switch#show spanning-tree int f0/1
VLAN0001 Desg FWD 19 128.1 P2p Edge
注:edge表示此端口启用了PortFast特性(在PVST中)或Edge-Port(在Rapid-PVST和MST中)
2)使用命令show spanning-tree int f0/1 detail
a)如果PortFast特性是在接口下使用spanning-tree portfast命令启用的,则显示如下:Switch#show spanning-tree int f0/1 detail
Port 1 (FastEthernet0/1) of VLAN0001 is designated forwarding
Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.1.
Designated root has priority 32769, address 000a.b71c.6c00
Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 000b.be3d.0980
Designated port id is 128.1, designated path cost 19
Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0
BPDU: sent 1085, received 1
Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.1.
Designated root has priority 32769, address 000a.b71c.6c00
Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 000b.be3d.0980
Designated port id is 128.1, designated path cost 19
Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0
BPDU: sent 1085, received 1
Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.1.
Designated root has priority 32769, address 000a.b71c.6c00
Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 000b.be3d.0980
Designated port id is 128.1, designated path cost 19
Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0
BPDU: sent 1085, received 1
Switch#show spanning-tree summary
Switch is in pvst mode
Root bridge for: none
Extended system ID is enabled
Portfast Default is disabled
PortFast BPDU Guard Default is disabled
Portfast BPDU Filter Default is disabled
Loopguard Default is disabled
EtherChannel misconfig guard is enabled
UplinkFast is disabled
BackboneFast is disabled
Configured Pathcost method used is short