高一英语必修四Unit 4 Reading讲解
2020新译林版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4 Reading重点知识点讲解课件
从基础层面上讲 旨在，目的是 能够做… 适应…，调整… 执行任务 提出 使某人能够做… 有能力做… 大量
one of+可数名词复数 …之一
1.One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence
capable of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and
in short (L31) it is clear that… (L31) be at a turning point (L32) learn from mistakes (L33) get close to (L34) work to our advantage (L37) commit crimes (L42) become dependent on (L43) urge sb. to do (L43)
不定式作目的状语
介词短语作后置定语
2.To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put
forward, including “deep learning”,[which enables a machine to improve its
译文：从自动驾驶车辆到家用机器人，从推荐系统到撰写小说的电脑，AI有着 不计其数的应用。
翻译：从弱小到强大，从穷人到富人，这对人来说是个艰难的转变过程。
From the weak to the powerful, from the poor to the rich, it is a difficult transition for people.
人教高中英语必修4Unit4 reading(共23张PPT)
4._l_o_o_k_i_n_g__a_w__ay 5.standing ___f_r_o_m__p_e_ople a little
u__p__a_n__d__d_o_w_ n or yawning distance
summary
to show _h_a_p_p_in__es_s_or
to show
Scanning for specific information
Para 4, 5, 6. Showing different feelings with action
Match the body languages with each description
agreement
shaking head side to side
nodding head up and down turn toward and look at it
Scanning for specific information
Para7. Some similarities in body language
According to the last paragraph, what can we infer? A. We can communicate successfully with others using body language. B. People from different countries will not misunderstand each other using body language. C. We should try to learn more about other countries' customs. D. All around the world, people express the same ideas using the same body language.
人教高中英语必修4Unit4 Reading(共26张PPT)
The first mistake
Mr. Garcia from Columbia
Julia Smith
from __B_r_it_a_i_n___
He approaches Ms Smith by_to_u__c_h_i_n_g h_e_r__ s_h_o__u_ld__e_r__ and _k_i_s_s_e_d her on the _c_h_e_e_k____.
奋斗的路上，时间总是过得很快，目前的困难和麻烦是很多，但是只要不忘初心，脚踏实地一步一步的朝着目标前进，最后的结局交给时间 来定夺。 天气影响身体，身体决定思想，思想左右心情。 在所阅读的书本中找出可以把自己引到深处的东西，把其他一切统统抛掉，就是抛掉使头脑负担过重和会把自己诱离要点的一切。 努力向上的开拓，才使弯曲的竹鞭化作了笔直的毛竹。 痛不痛只有自己知道，变没变只有自己才懂。不要问我过得好不好，死不了就还好。 不可压倒一切，但你也不能被一切压倒。 现实的压力压的我们喘不过气也压的我们走向成功。 我不去想是否能够成功，既然选了远方，便只顾风雨兼程。 不要因为众生的愚疑，而带来了自己的烦恼。不要因为众生的无知，而痛苦了你自己。 让珊瑚远离惊涛骇浪的侵蚀吗？那无异是将它们的美丽葬送。 经验是由痛苦中粹取出来的。 人，最大的敌人是自己。 我为你今天的表现感到骄傲。 无所求则无所获。 自然界没有风风雨雨，大地就不会春华秋实。 只要你确信自己正确就去做。做了有人说不好，不做还是有人说不好，不要逃避批判。
She __s_ta__n_d_s_ _b__a_c_k___ appearing _s_u_r_p_r_is_e_d___ and put up her hands as if __i_n__d_e_f_e_n_s_e_____.
高一英语必修四Unit 4 Reading讲解
John likes classical music better.A. In a wordB. In generalC. In timeD. In total10.When first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed a great success.A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced11.---The last one ____ pays the meal.---Agreed!A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving12.It’s too late; besides, it’s raining hard outside. He is _____ to come.A.unlikeB.unlikelyC. likeD. liking13.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _____.A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing14.I saw him coming my way, so I turned into another road in order to _____ meeting him.A .avoid B. refuse C. ignore D. show up15._____ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told16. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted _____ away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran17._______ from media reports, the result has been unclear.A. To judgeB. Having judgedC. JudgingD. Judged18.It’s no use _____ now.A. feeling worryB.to feel worryC. feeling worriedD. to feel worried19.He told us whether____ a picnic was still under discussion.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. has20.---May I open the window to let in some fresh air?---_____.e on!B. Take care!C. Go ahead!D. Hold on!Answer：I.1. defending 2. representing 3. facial 4. function 5. false6. cassette7. fist8. adults9. misunderstood 10. represented II. 1-5 BDACA 6-10 ABABB 11-15 CBAAD 16-20 BCCAC寄语按部就班地学下来就会有很扎实的基础。
人教高中英语必修4Unit4ReadingPPT课堂课件(26页)
人教高中英语必修4Unit4ReadingPPT 课堂课 件(26页 )（ -精精品品P）PT课 件
Name Description Body Language To Whom
Tony man from kiss on the Garcia Colombia cheek
everyone
Julia woman
Book 4 Unit4 Body Language Reading
Communication:
Words preview
represent association dormitory
canteen curious curiously approach
cheek defend defence
vt. 代表; 象征 n. 社团; 联系; 联想 n. 宿舍 n. 食堂 adj. 好奇的 adv. 好奇地 vt. & vi. 接近; 靠近; 走近 n. 接近; 方法; 途径 n. 面颊 vt. 保护; 保卫 n. 防御; 保卫
2. Most people around the world now greet each other by kissing . F
3, Japanese will bow to others as greeting.T
4. People from Jordan will move very close to you as you introduce yourself to T them.
The mother is trying to quiet her crying child.
Someone is thinking deeply.
Someone is feeling ill / having a stomachache.
人教高中英语必修4Unit4 reading (共16张PPT)PPT
人教高中英语必修4Unit4 reading (共16张PPT)
人教高中英语必修4Unit4 reading (共16张PPT)
According to the passage:
1、Dose smile always show happiness ?
Some times we use smile to hide other feelings.
人教高中英语必修4Unit4 reading (共16张PPT)
words and expressions:
touch, shake, smile, nod, yawn, kiss, hug ,touch
Skimming
Divide the text into three parts and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para 1)
examples of some body language.
Part 2
There are differences in body
surprise anger
fear
joy
sadness
disgust contempt 厌恶 轻视
人教高中英语必修4Unit4 reading (共16张PPT) 人教高中英语必修4Unit4 reading (共16张PPT)
人教高中英语必修4Unit4 reading (共16张PPT)
How do these teachers to communicate with their children?
GAME : Guess what I want to say!
You’re great!
高一英语必修四Unit 4 Reading讲解学习资料
4.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
C. lived; wonderedD. living; wondered
Answer：BA
2. Theywere coming tostudy at Beijing University.他们要来北大学习。
were coming to是用短暂性动词的进行时形式表示将来。
类似用法be going to do sth.
2) The last one _____ pays the meal. —— Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
Answer：C C
6. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!
【注释】：representing our university’s student是现在分词短语作状语，该分词与句子主语“another student and I”之间的逻辑关系为主谓关系。
也有把representing our university’s student association看作非限制性定语（相当于who represented our university's student association.）
注释：the first personto arrive,非谓语动词修饰序数词或修饰有序数词修饰的名词时，常能用不定式形式。
必修四unit4-Reading[思维导图知识点知识树复习资料]人教版高中英语
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◆Body language goes with
no words .
◆ Body language is actions that can communicate ideas without use of words.
Read one’s mind( 察言观色)
6. Men from all Muslin countries will not shake hands with women.F
7. From the passage we can see western cultures are better than eastern cultures. F
gesture
posture
eye contact
facial expression
What are the following facial expressihappy
surprise
angry
fear
What do people in different countries usually do when meeting?
Coulon from France twice on
knows
each cheek
What do people in different countries usually do when meeting?
countries Ways to greet each other
Columbia
Japan canada
they talk
Answer the questions.
1. Why are the international students coming to China?
人教高中英语必修4Unit4reading(共20张PPT)
1
2
Tony
Julia
Akira
George
Aziz
writer
3
Tony
Coulon
4
Greeting 1
Tony Julia
approached touched kissed
stepped surprised hands in defence
Columbia & Britain misunderstanding
Summary
Columbia & Britain Japan & Canada Jordan & China
France & Colombia
Body languages differ from country
to country.
"Some body languages are good, while some are bad."
?
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
When in Rome, do as Romans do.
A. Write a short passage about your understanding of Body Language.
B. Do more detailed reading after class.
1、只要有坚强的意志力，就自然而然地会有能耐、机灵和知识。2、你们应该培养对自己，对自己的力量的信心，百这种信心是靠克服障碍，培养意志和锻炼意志而获得的。 3、坚强的信念能赢得强者的心，并使他们变得更坚强。4、天行健，君子以自强不息。5、有百折不挠的信念的所支持的人的意志，比那些似乎是无敌的物质力量有更强大 的威力。6、永远没有人力可以击退一个坚决强毅的希望。7、意大利有一句谚语：对一个歌手的要求，首先是嗓子、嗓子和嗓子……我现在按照这一公式拙劣地摹仿为：对 一个要成为不负于高尔基所声称的那种“人”的要求，首先是意志、意志和意志。8、执着追求并从中得到最大快乐的人，才是成功者。9、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 10、发现者，尤其是一个初出茅庐的年轻发现者，需要勇气才能无视他人的冷漠和怀疑，才能坚持自己发现的意志，并把研究继续下去。11、我的本质不是我的意志的结果， 相反，我的意志是我的本质的结果，因为我先有存在，后有意志，存在可以没有意志，但是没有存在就没有意志。12、公共的利益，人类的福利，可以使可憎的工作变为可 贵，只有开明人士才能知道克服困难所需要的热忱。13、立志用功如种树然，方其根芽，犹未有干；及其有干，尚未有枝；枝而后叶，叶而后花。14、意志的出现不是对愿 望的否定，而是把愿望合并和提升到一个更高的意识水平上。15、无论是美女的歌声，还是鬓狗的狂吠，无论是鳄鱼的眼泪，还是恶狼的嚎叫，都不会使我动摇。16、即使 遇到了不幸的灾难，已经开始了的事情决不放弃。17、最可怕的敌人，就是没有坚强的信念。18、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下 去。19、意志若是屈从，不论程度如何，它都帮助了暴力。20、有了坚定的意志，就等于给双脚添了一对翅膀。21、意志坚强，就会战胜恶运。22、只有刚强的人，才有神 圣的意志，凡是战斗的人，才能取得胜利。23、卓越的人的一大优点是：在不利和艰难的遭遇里百折不挠。24、疼痛的强度，同自然赋于人类的意志和刚度成正比。25、能 够岿然不动，坚持正见，度过难关的人是不多的。26、钢是在烈火和急剧冷却里锻炼出来的，所以才能坚硬和什么也不怕。我们的一代也是这样的在斗争中和可怕的考验中 锻炼出来的，学习了不在生活面前屈服。27、只要持续地努力，不懈地奋斗，就没有征服不了的东西。28、立志不坚，终不济事。29、功崇惟志，业广惟勤。30、一个崇高 的目标，只要不渝地追求，就会居为壮举；在它纯洁的目光里，一切美德必将胜利。31、书不记，熟读可记；义不精，细思可精；惟有志不立，直是无着力处。32、您得相 信，有志者事竟成。古人告诫说：“天国是努力进入的”。只有当勉为其难地一步步向它走去的时候，才必须勉为其难地一步步走下去，才必须勉为其难地去达到它。33、 告诉你使我达到目标的奥秘吧，我唯一的力量就是我的坚持精神。34、成大事不在于力量的大小，而在于能坚持多久。35、一个人所能做的就是做出好榜样，要有勇气在风 言风语的社会中坚定地高举伦理的信念。36、即使在把眼睛盯着大地的时候，那超群的目光仍然保持着凝视太阳的能力。37、你既然期望辉煌伟大的一生，那么就应该从今 天起，以毫不动摇的决心和坚定不移的信念，凭自己的智慧和毅力，去创造你和人类的快乐。38、一个有决心的人，将会找到他的道路。39、在希望与失望的决斗中，如果 你用勇气与坚决的双手紧握着，胜利必属于希望。40、富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。41、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地走到底，决不回头。42、生命里最重 要的事情是要有个远大的目标，并借助才能与坚持来完成它。43、事业常成于坚忍，毁于急躁。我在沙漠中曾亲眼看见，匆忙的旅人落在从容的后边；疾驰的骏马落在后头， 缓步的骆驼继续向前。44、有志者事竟成。45、穷且益坚，不坠青云之志。46、意志目标不在自然中存在，而在生命中蕴藏。47、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。 48、思想的形成，首先是意志的形成。49、谁有历经千辛万苦的意志，谁就能达到任何目的。50、不作什么决定的意志不是现实的意志；无性格的人从来不做出决定。我终 生的等待，换不来你刹那的凝眸。最美的不是下雨天，是曾与你躲过雨的屋檐。征服畏惧、建立自信的最快最确实的方法，就是去做你害怕的事，直到你获得成功的经验。 真正的爱，应该超越生命的长度、心灵的宽度、灵魂的深度。生活真象这杯浓酒，不经三番五次的提炼呵，就不会这样可口！人格的完善是本，财富的确立是末能力可以慢 慢锻炼，经验可以慢慢积累，热情不可以没有。不管什么东西，总是觉得，别人的比自己的好！只有经历过地狱般的折磨，才有征服天堂的力量。只有流过血的手指才能弹 出世间的绝唱。对时间的价值没有没有深切认识的人，决不会坚韧勤勉。第一个青春是上帝给的；第二个的青春是靠自己努力的。不要因为寂寞而恋爱，孤独是为了幸福而 等待。每天清晨，当我睁开眼睛，我告诉自己：我今天快乐或是不快乐，并非由我所遭遇的事情造成的，而应该取决于我自己。我可以自己选择事情的发展方向。昨日已逝，
人教版高中英语必修四 unit 4 reading 课件
parts and match the main idea.
Part 1.
A.Examples of cultural
(para. 1)
“___b_o_d_y__la_n_g_u_a_g__e______ ”.
Part 2 (para. 2 &3 )
Part 3. (para. 4 )
Part 4. (para. 5)
B.Different people have different__b_o_d_y_l_a_n_g_u_a_g_e_s__ .
C.Summary of_b__o_d_y_l_a_n_g_u_a_g sent (went) to
_t_h_e_C__a_p_it_a_l _In_t_e_r_n_a_ti_o_n_a_l_A_i_rport
to meet this year’s international
students.
9
Task 2 Discuss and try to sum up the main idea:
This text mainly talks about that differentc_o_u_n_t_ri_e_s_/c_u__lt_u_re_s_/_p_e_ople have differentb_o_b_y____ languages.
bowing
everyone
7
Name Description
Body
To Whom
Language
George Cook
Ahmed Aziz
man from Canada
man from Jordan
shaking hands
shaking hands nodding
高一英语必修四_unit4__reading课件
Unit 4 Body language •What do you think the purpose of language?•How can you communicate with someone if you cannot speak?•How many ways can you think of to greet someone if you cannot speak?Communication: No problem?•Step1. fast reading•1) What is the main idea of the text?2) How many parts can we divide the passageinto?3) What’s the main idea for each part?•1) What is the main idea of the text?–The passage introduces some examples of cultural body language when greetingpeople.•2) How many parts can we divide the •passage into?–Part 1 (para. 1)–Part 2 (para. 2 and 3 )–Part 3 (para. 4 and 5 )3) What’s the main idea for each part?Part 1 (para. 1)We are sent to Capital International Airport to meet some international students.Part 2 (para. 2 and 3)Examples of learned or cultural “bodylanguage”.Part 3 (para. 4 and 5)Different people have different physical ways to greet others. Learning about their customs can help avoid difficulties in communication.Step 2. Scan the text and find outCountry / Area Ways to greet each otherBritain Shake hands. Do not stand very close to others or touchstrangers when they meet.Canada Shake hands.Japan Bow.Spain, Italy, SouthAmerican countriesApproach others closely and are more likely to touch them. France Shake hands and kiss each other twice on each cheek.Middle East, some Muslim countries Shake hands and stand quite close to other men. Nod to women but do not shake hands with them.Name Description Body language To whom Tony Garcia man from Colombia Kiss on the cheek everyoneJulia Smith woman from Britain no touching everyoneAkira Nagata man from Japan bowing everyone George Cook man from Canada shaking hands everyoneAhmed Aziz man from Jordan shaking handsnodding to manto womanDarlene Coulon woman from France shake hands and kisstwice on each cheekpeople she knowsStep 3. use the passage to help you answer the following questions1) Is the author of this passage male or female? How doyou know?The author is male. Ahmed Aziz will not shake hands with women, but he shakes hands with the author.2) What were the two mistakes that the author noticed?He noticed that the Colombian man kissed theBritish woman, but in her culture, a kiss from astranger is not expected. He also noticed that theJapanese man bowed just as the Canadian manstarted to shake hands, so one man’s nosetouched the other man’s hand.•3)Who seemed to prefer to keep more physical diastance from others? Who seemed to prefer closer physical distance ?•The British woman, Julia and probably the Canadian man, George, seemed to prefer to keep more physicaldistance from others. The Colombian man, Tony, and the Jordanian man Ahmed, seemed to prefer closer physical distance.•4) Did any students have similar greeting customs? If so, which one?•Yes. Tony from Colombia and Darlene from France had a similar greeting custom —a kiss. George from Canada and Ahmed from Jordan also had a similar greeting custom —a handshake, but Ahmed shakes hands only with men.•5) “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”What do you think this famous saying means?•This saying means that when we are in a certain place, we should follow the customs of the people who live in that place, not our own customs.•6) Do you agree with the author’s statement that body language is not good or bad? Why or why not?Step 4. summaryStep 5. translation1.The first person to arrive was TonyGarcia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.2. Not all cultures greet each other thesame way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.3. However, people from places like Spain,Italy or South American countriesapproach others closely and are morelikely to touch them.Step 5. homework •Complete p.27 Exercise 3。
高一英语必修四Unit 4 Reading讲解说课讲解
也有把representing our university’s student association看作非限制性定语（相当于who represented our university's student association.）
Answer：D
7. She stepped backappearing surprisedand put up her hands,as ifin defense.
她向后退了一下，（脸上）显露出很吃惊，举起双手，似乎是在防卫。
as if conj.（连接词）似乎，仿佛：
练习：
1. (09申-31) A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, ____ all four people on board.
A. killedB. killing C. kills D. to kill
Tom came herefirstthis morning.
4.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
2) The last one _____ pays the meal. —— Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
人教高中英语必修4Unit4readingPPT课堂课件(28页)
人教高中英语必修4Unit4readingPPT 课堂课 件(28页 )（ -精精品品P）PT课 件
Fill in the table according to Para4:
Read it together.
People in the country/area
English people
People from Spain, Italy and South
Tony approached Julia, _t_o_u_c_h_e_dher shoulder and __k_is_s_e_d_ her on the cheek . Julia stepped back
appearing surprised. Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling at the same time with George Cook from Canada. As they were
Part 1 (Para. 1)
People from different countries
A
have different body language.
Part 2 (Para. 2-4 )
B Summary of body language.
Part 3 (Para. 5 )
I went to the Airport to meet the
country
Columbia Britain Japan Canada Jordan France
人教高中英语必修4Unit4readingPPT 课堂课 件(28页 )（ -精精品品P）PT课 件
Find out the two cultural mistakes in Para2
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2014级高一导·学·练一体化练习：1. (09申-31) A small plane crashed into ahillside five miles east of the city, ____ all four people on board.A. killedB. killingC. killsD. to kill2. (09湘-25) At the age of 29, Dave was aworker, ____ in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.A. living; wonderingB. lived; wonderingC. lived; wonderedD. living; wonderedAnswer： BA2. They were coming to study at Beijing University.他们要来北大学习。
were coming to是用短暂性动词的进行时形式表示将来。
类似用法be going to do sth.I am coming to find out the truth. 我要去找到真相。
3. We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen.我们首先把他们带到宿舍，然后带他们去小卖部。
注释：当序数词作状语修饰谓语动词时，在序数词前面不可用the。
Tom came here first this morning.4. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.等了半个小时之后，我看到几个年轻人走进候机区，在好奇地张望。
looking around curiously是现在分词作伴随状语。
5. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是来the approach of … …的来临/临近；make approaches to sb.想接近某人；想与某人打交道；approach sb. about/ for sth.向某人要求某物；approach to sth.做某事的方式/方法；1) Snow announced the approach of winter.雪宣告冬季的来临。
2) I like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。
3) They made approaches to the team to buy one of their players.他们与那支球队洽谈要买他们的一个球员。
练习：With winter _____, many animals are busy storing food.A. leavingB. disappearingC. appearingD. approachingAnswer：D7. She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defense.她向后退了一下，（脸上）显露出很吃惊，举起双手，似乎是在防卫。
as if conj.（连接词）似乎，仿佛：She looked as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的.练习：Translate into Chinese：It seemed as if the meeting would never end. ________________________________________ _________Answer: 看起来会议没完没了了。
8. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.我想这主要可能是一个误会。
注释：major adj.较大的；主要的 n.专业；vi.主修；专政major in主修Alice majors in economics.爱丽丝主修经济学。
a/the majority of大多数的；大半的The majority of lone parents are divorced or separated women.单身父母中大多数是离婚或分居的妇女。
Young people were in the majority at themeeting.这次会议年轻人占了很多。
练习: What is your _______ when you were at college?A. majorityB. minorityC. majorD. juniorAnswer: C9. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.随后，来自日本的永田明，和来自加拿大的佐治亚库克都笑着进来。
smiling是现在分词作伴随状语。
10. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. 在介绍他们的时候，佐治亚向日本学生伸出手去。
introduce vt. 引领；引进；介绍；提出；introduce sb. to sb.把某人介绍给某人；introduce sth. to sb.向某人宣布并介绍；introduce sth. in/ into把某物引进；introduce sb. to sth.引导某人接触某物；stayed close together.紧紧地靠在一块。
closely指抽象的“关系密切”。
The two things are closely interconnected.这两个事物是相互紧密地联系在一起的。
类似用法像deep与deeply, deep指具体的空间概念“深”，而deeply指抽象的感情概念“深深地”练习：1. Mary’s heart is _______related to her mother’s.2. This store that I like very much is _______ to my home.12.They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know.他们握手并在脸颊上相互吻了两下，因为那是法国人的习俗：当成年人遇到相识的人时，要相互吻两下脸颊。
1) they know是定语从句，修饰限制先行词people.2) since, 用作连词，“从…以来；由于；既然”He has been ill since I saw him last time. (自从)Since you have finished the work， let’s go to the park. (既然)练习：1. On Friday, we were packing to leave fora weekend away _____ my daughter heard cries for help.A. oftenB. whileC. sinceD. when2. jhon thinks it won’t be long ______ heis ready for his new job.A. whenB. afterC. beforeD. sinceAnswer: D C13. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.来自中东和其他穆斯林国家的男子通常与别人站得很近来讲话，但通常不碰女子。
touch vt./vi./ n. 触摸；接触；get in/into touch with与…取得联系keep in touch with与…保持联系be in touch with与…有联系；lose touch with = be out of touch with与…失去联系；1) Let’s stay in touch 让我们保持联系。
2) I was touched/moved by her gentleness.我被他的温柔打动了。
自毕业以后我们一直相互保持联系。
练习：1. It is so sad that we have ____ ____ _____ that plane.(失去联系)2. We have _____ _____ _____ _____ each other since graduation.Answer: 1. lost touch with 2. kept in touch with14. Not all cultures greet each other (in) the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.不是所有的文化以相同的方式相互问候/寒暄，以同样的方式或同样的距离与人接触都会使他们不舒服。
(1) not all意为‘并非所有的…都’，是部分否定，与not构成部分否定意义的表示整体意义或表示绝对概念的词还有：both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, altogether wholly, .Not every student passed the exam.并非所有的学生都通过了考试。