数据仓库整体词汇表

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（完整版）数据库重要术语（中英文）

（完整版）数据库重要术语（中英文）单词汇总（数据库专业一点的词汇其实主要就是每章后面review items的内容，在这里简单列一下，如果你实在没时间看书，至少这些单词要认识。

）：1.数据库系统：database system(DS),database management system(DBMS)2.数据库系统（DS），数据库管理系统（DBMS）3.关系和关系数据库table= relation，column = attribute属性，domain, atomic domain, row= tuple，relational database, relation schema, relation instance, database schema, database instance;4.表=关系，列=属性属性，域，原子域，排=元组，关系型数据库，关系模式，关系实例，数据库模式，数据库实例;1.key们: super key, candidate key, primary key, foreign key, referencing relation, referencedrelation;2.超码，候选码，主码，外码，参照关系，被参照关系5.关系代数(relational algebra)：selection, project, natural join, Cartesian product, set operations,union, intersect, set difference ( except\minus), Rename, assignment, outer join, grouping, tuple relation calculus6.（关系代数）：选择，项目，自然连接，笛卡尔积，集合运算，集，交集，集合差（除\负），重命名，分配，外连接，分组，元组关系演算7. sql组成：DDL：数据库模式定义语言，关键字：createDML：数据操纵语言，关键字：Insert、delete、updateDCL：数据库控制语言，关键字：grant、removeDQL：数据库查询语言，关键字：select8.3.SQL语言：DDL，DML，DCL，QL，sql query structure, aggregate functions, nested subqueries,exists(as an operator), unique(as an operator), scalar subquery, assertion, index(indices), catalogs, authorization, all privileges, granting, revoking, grant option, trigger, stored procedure, stored function4.SQL语言：DDL，DML，DCL，QL，SQL查询结构，聚合函数，嵌套子查询，存在（如运营商），独特的（如运营商），标量子查询，断言指数（指数），目录，授权，所有权限，授予，撤销，GRANT OPTION，触发器，存储过程，存储函数9.表结构相关：Integrity constraints, domain constraints, referential integrity constraints10.完整性约束，域名约束，参照完整性约束5.数据库设计(ER 模型)：Entity-Relationship data model, ER diagram, composite attribute,single-valued and multivalued attribute, derived attribute,binary relationship set, degree of relationship set, mapping cardinality,1-1, 1-m, m-n relationship set (one to one, one to many, many to many), participation, partial or total participation, weak entity sets, discriminator attributes, specialization and generalization6.实体关系数据模型，ER图，复合属性，单值和多值属性，派生属性，二元关系集，关系集，映射基数的程度，1-1，1-米，MN关系集合（一对一，一对多，多对多），参与部分或全部参与，弱实体集，分辨符属性，特化和概化11.函数依赖理论：functional dependence, normalization,lossless join (or lossless) decomposition,First Normal Form (1NF), the third normal form (3NF), Boyce-codd normal form (BCNF), R satisfies F, F holds on R, Dependency preservation保持依赖, Trivial, closure of a set of functional dependencies函数依赖集的闭包, closure of a set of attributes属性集闭包,Armstrong’s axioms Armstrong公理, reflexivity rule自反律, augmentation rule，增广率, transitivity传递律, restriction of F to R i ，F在Ri上的限定，canonical cover正则覆盖,extraneous attributes无关属性, decomposition algorithm分解算法.7.函数依赖，规范化，无损连接（或无损）分解，第一范式（1NF），第三范式（3NF）BC范式（BCNF），R满足F，F持有R，依赖保存，平凡，一组函数依赖封闭，一组属性，8.事务：transition, ACID properties ACID特性,并发控制系统concurrency control system,故障恢复系统recovery system,事务状态transition state, 活动的active, 部分提交的partially committed, 失败的failed, 中止的aborted, 提交的committed,已结束的terminated, 调度schedule,操作冲突conflict of operations, 冲突等价conflict equivalence,冲突可串行化conflict serializablity,可串行化顺序serializablity order,联级回滚cascading rollback,封锁协议locking protocol,共享（S）锁shared-mode lock (S-lock),排他（X）锁exclusive-mode lock (X-lock), 相容性compatibility, 两阶段封锁协议2-phase locking protocol, 意向锁intention lock, 时间戳timestamp, 恢复机制recovery scheme,日志log, 基于日志的恢复log-based recovery, 延迟的修改deferred modification, 立即的修改immediate modification, 检查点checkpoint.数据库系统DBS Database System数据库系统应用Database –system applications文件处理系统file-processing system数据不一致性data inconsistency一致性约束consistency constraint数据抽象Data Abstraction实例instance模式schema物理模式physical schema逻辑模式logical schema物理数据独立性physical data independence数据模型data model实体-联系模型entity-relationship model（E-R）关系数据模型relational data model基于对象的数据模型object-based data model半结构化数据模型semistructured data model数据库语言database language数据定义语言data-definition language数据操纵语言data-manipulation language查询语言query language元数据metadata应用程序application program规范化normalization数据字典data dictionary存储管理器storage manager查询管理器query processor事务transaction原子性atomicity故障恢复failure recovery并发控制concurrency-control两层和三层数据库体系结构two-tier/three-tier 数据挖掘datamining数据库管理员DBA database administrator表table关系relation元组tuple空值null value数据库模式database schema数据库实例database instance关系模式relation schema关系实例relation instance码keys超码super key候选码candidate key主码primary key外码foreign key参照关系referencing relation被参照关系referenced relation属性attribute域domain原子域atomic domain参照完整性约束referential integrity constraint 模式图schema diagram查询语言query language过程化语言procedural language非过程化语言nonprocedural language关系运算operations on relations选择元组selection of tuples选择属性selection of attributes自然连接natural join笛卡尔积Cartesian product集合运算set operations关系代数relational algebraSQL查询语言SQL query structureSelect 字句select clauseFrom 字句from clauseWhere 字句where clause自然连接运算natural join operationAs字句as clauseOrder by 字句order by clause相关名称(相关变量，元组变量) correlation name （correlation variable，tuple variable）集合运算set operationsUnionInterestExcept空值null values真值“unknown”truth “unknown”聚集函数aggregate functionsavg，min，max，sum，countgroup byhaving嵌套子查询nested subqueries集合比较set comparisons{《，《=，》，》=}{some，all}existsuniquelateral字句lateral clausewith字句with clause标量子查询scalar subquery数据库修改database modification删除deletion插入insertion更新updating参照完整性referential integrity参照完整性约束referential –integrity constraint 或子集依赖subset dependency可延迟的deferrable断言assertion连接类型join types内连接和外连接inner and outer join左外连接、右外连接和全外连接left 、right and full outer join Natural 连接条件、using连接条件和on连接条件natural using and so on视图定义view definition物化视图materialized views视图更新view update事务transactions提交commit work回滚roll back work原子事务atomic transaction完整性约束integrity constraints域约束domain constraints唯一性约束unique constraintCheck 字句check clause参照完整性referential integrity级联删除cascading delete级联更新cascading updates断言assertions日期和时间类型date and time types默认值default values索引index大对象large object用户定义类型user-defined types域domains目录catalogs模式schemas授权authorization权限privileges选择select插入insert更新update所有权限all privileges授予权限granting of privileges收回权限revoking of privileges授予权限的权限privileges to privileges Grant option 角色roles视图授权authorization on views执行授权execute authorization调用者权限invoker privileges行级授权row-level authorizationJDBCODBC预备语句prepared statements访问元数据accessing metadataSQL注入SQL injection嵌入式SQL embedded SQL游标cursors可更新的游标updatable cursors动态SQL dynamic SQLSQL函数SQL functions存储过程stored procedures过程化结构procedural constructs外部语言例程external language routines触发器triggerBefore 和after 触发器before and after triggers过渡变量和过渡表transition variables and tables递归查询recursive queries单调查询monotonic queries排名函数ranking functionsRankDense rankPartition by分窗windowing联机分析处理（OLAP）online analytical processing多维数据multidimensional data度量属性measure attributes维属性dimension attributes转轴pivoting数据立方体data cube切片和切块slicing and dicing上卷和下钻rollup and drill down交叉表cross-tabulation第七章实体-联系数据模型Entity-relationship data model实体和实体集entity and entity set属性attribute域domain简单和复合属性simple and composite attributes单值和多值属性single-valued and multivalued attributes 空值null value派生属性derived attribute超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key 联系和联系集relationship and relationship set二元联系集binary relationship set联系集的度degree of relationship set描述性属性descriptive attributes超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key 角色role自环联系集recursive relationship setE-R图E-R diagram映射基数mapping cardinality一对一联系one-to-one relationship一对多联系one-to-many relationship多对一联系many-to-one relationship多对多联系many-to-many relationship参与participation全部参与total participation部分参与partial participation弱实体集和强实体集weak entity sets and strong entity sets分辨符属性discriminator attributes标识联系identifying relationship特化和概化specialization and generalization超类和子类superclass and subclass属性继承a ttribute inheritance单和多继承single and multiple inheritance条件定义的和用户定义的成员资格condition-defined and userdefined membership 不相交概化和重叠概化disjoint and overlapping generalization全部概化和部分概化total and partial generalization聚集aggregationUMLUML类图UML class diagram第八章E-R模型和规范化E-R model and normalization分解decomposition函数依赖functional dependencies无损分解lossless decomposition原子域atomic domains第一范式（1NF）first normal form(1NF)合法关系legal relations超码super keyR满足F R satisfies FF在R上成立F holds on RBoyce-Codd范式BCNF Boyce-Codd normal form(BCNF)保持依赖dependency preservation第三范式（3NF）third normal form(3NF)平凡的函数依赖thivial functional dependencies函数依赖集的闭包closure of a set of functional dependencies Armstrong公理Armstrong ‘s axioms属性集闭包closure of attribute setsF在Ri上的限定restriction of F to Ri正则覆盖canonical cover无关属性extraneous attributesBCNF分解算法BCNF decomposition algorithm3NF分解算法3NF decomposition algorithm多值依赖multivalued dependencies第四范式（4NF）fourth normal form(4NF)多值依赖的限定restriction of a multivalued independency投影-连接范式（PJNF）project-join normal form(PJNF)域-码范式（DKNF）domain-key normal form(DKNF)泛关系universal relation唯一角色假设unique-role assumption 去规范化denormalization。

数字化领域常见的英语词汇

数字化领域常见的英语词汇以下是一些数字化领域常见的英语词汇：①Algorithm（算法）：一套解决问题的明确步骤或准则。

②Hyperlink（超链接）：允许用户导航到其他网页或资源的链接。

③Internet（互联网）：由各种计算机网络相互连接而成的网络。

④E-commerce（电子商务）：使用电子手段进行商业活动，包括在线购物、支付等。

⑤E-mail（电子邮件）：通过互联网发送的电子信息，通常以文本、图像或视频等形式存在。

⑥Web browser（网页浏览器）：用于浏览互联网上的网页的工具。

⑦World Wide Web（万维网）：由各种网页相互链接而成的网络，通常通过浏览器进行访问。

⑧URL（统一资源定位器）：标识互联网上资源的地址。

⑨FTP（文件传输协议）：用于在互联网上传输文件的协议。

⑩Network（网络）：由各种计算机、设备及数据传输线互连而成的系统，用于共享资源、通讯和信息交换。

⑪Server（服务器）：提供服务的计算机，通常用于存储数据、提供网页等。

⑫Client（客户端）：使用服务器提供的服务的计算机，通常是指用户的计算机。

⑬Database（数据库）：用于存储、管理和检索数据的系统。

⑭Software Development Kit（软件开发工具包）：包含用于开发软件应用程序的工具和库的集合。

⑮Operating System（操作系统）：管理计算机硬件和软件资源的系统。

⑯Application（应用程序）：用于完成特定任务的软件程序。

⑰Cloud computing（云计算）：使用网络从中央远程服务器提供和管理数据和应用程序的模型。

⑱Virtual reality（虚拟现实）：通过计算机技术创建的模拟现实环境，用户可以在其中进行互动。

⑲Artificial intelligence（人工智能）：模拟人类智能的技术，包括机器学习、自然语言处理等。

⑳Data science（数据科学）：结合统计学、计算机科学和领域专业知识的跨学科领域，以定量方式分析数据并提取洞见。

关于大数据你应该知道的50个专业术语

关于大数据你应该知道的50个专业术语1. 大数据（Big Data）- 指的是规模庞大、复杂多变的数据集合。

它在各个领域中不断积累和产生，涵盖了结构化、半结构化和非结构化的数据。

2. 数据挖掘（Data Mining）- 是从大数据中自动发现和提取有用信息的过程。

它使用统计学、模式识别和机器学习等技术，帮助解读数据并发现隐藏的模式和规律。

3. 云计算（Cloud Computing）- 是通过互联网提供各种计算资源和服务的模式。

大数据通常需要庞大的计算和存储能力，云计算提供了弹性和可靠的资源解决方案。

4. 数据仓库（Data Warehouse）- 是用于存储和管理结构化数据的集中式系统。

它经过数据清洗和整合，方便用户进行复杂的分析和查询。

5. 数据湖（Data Lake）- 是指将各种类型和格式的数据存储在一个集中式的存储系统中。

与数据仓库不同，数据湖不需要事先定义数据模式和结构，可以更灵活地处理复杂的数据分析需求。

6. Hadoop- 是一个开源的分布式计算框架，用于处理大规模数据集。

它基于MapReduce算法，能够有效地分布和处理数据。

7. MapReduce- 是一种并行计算编程模型，用于处理大规模数据集。

它将数据分成多个小块，分发给多个计算节点进行并行计算，最终将结果合并返回。

8. Spark- 是一个快速、通用、高级的大数据处理引擎。

它支持内存计算，能够在大数据集上进行复杂的数据处理和分析。

9. 数据可视化（Data Visualization）- 是将数据以图表、图形和其他可视化形式展示的过程。

它能够帮助用户更好地理解和分析数据，发现潜在的信息和见解。

10. 数据清洗（Data Cleaning）- 是处理和修正数据中的错误、缺失和不一致之前的过程。

清洗后的数据更加准确可靠，有助于后续的分析和应用。

11. 数据集成（Data Integration）- 是将来自不同数据源的数据合并成一个统一的数据集的过程。

数据仓库专业术语表

数据仓库专业术语表AAccess PathThe path chosen by a database management system to retrieve the requested data.Access ProviderA company which provides its customers a service whereby they can access theInternet.The user normally connects to the access provid er’s computer viaa modem using a dial up connection.Active AttackA persistent security assault by someone trying to gain restricted accessby altering data.There are multiple techniques,decryption for example,which can be used to lead the attack.Active Server Pages (ASP)Active server pages are a set of software components that run on a Web server and allow Web developers to build dynamic Web pages.Activity-Based Costing (ABC)Activity-based costing (ABC) is an information system that maintains and processes data on a firm's activities and products.It identifies the activities performed,traces cost to these activities,and then uses various cost drivers to trace the cost of activities to products.Activity-Based Management (ABM)Activity-based management(ABM) is the use of the activity-based costing tool by process owners to control and improve their operations.Because process analysis is conducted in the building of an activity-based cost model,management knows its business much better and can consequently evaluate value-added and non-value-added activities.Because a certain volume of work produces a certain outcome,"What if"analysis can be conducted to determine what resources are required of operations are scaled back or expanded.Ad ClicksAlso called clickthroughs.The number of times a user "clicks" on an online ad,often measured as a function of time("ad clicks per day").Ad Hoc QueryAny query that cannot be determined prior to the moment the query is issued.A query that consists of dynamically constructed SQL,which is usuallyconstructed by desktop-resident query tools.Ad Hoc Query ToolAn end-user tool that accepts an English-like or point-and-click request for data and constructs an ad-hoc query to retrieve the desired result.Administrative DataIn a data warehouse,the data that helps a warehouse administrator manage the warehouse.Examples of administrative data are user profiles and order history data.Aggregate DataData that is the result of applying a process to combine data elements.Data that is taken collectively or in summary form.AggregatorThis is an e-commerce business model in which the Web site sells products or services which it does not produce or warehouse.An aggregator creates an environment where multiple providers (sellers) must compete on terms determined by the use.AlertsA notification from an event that has exceeded a pre-defined threshold.AnalystSomeone who creates views for analytic interpretation of data,performs calculations and distributes the resulting information in the form of reports.Analytic ApplicationsPackaged software that meets three distinct conditions:process support,separation of function and time-oriented,integrated data.Analytic applications expand the reach of business intelligence to an extended user base,packaging these technologies in a business context.AnalyticsThe process and techniques for the exploration and analysis of business data to discover and identify new and meaningful information and trends that allow for analysis to take place.AppletA small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page.They cannot accesscertain resources on local computers such as files and serial devices and are prohibited from communication with most other computers across a network.Application Service Provider (ASP)ASPs provide the infrastructure needed to deliver reliable application access,including enterprise applications,hardware platforms,operating systems,database systems,network hardware as well as the technical expertise to make it all work for a monthly service charge.ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange.An eight-bit code for character representation,includes seven bits plus parity.ASPApplication Service Provider.A company that offers access over the Internet to application programs and related services that would otherwise have to be located in other own personal or enterprise computers.Atomic DataData elements that represent the lowest level of detail.For example,in a daily sales report,the individual items sold would be atomic data,while rollups such as invoice and summary totals from invoices are aggregate data.AttributeA field represented by a column within an object (entity).An object may bea table,view or report.An attribute is also associated with an SGML(HTML)tag used to further define the usage.Authorization RequestA request initiated by a consumer to access data for which the consumer doesnot presently have access privileges.Authorization RulesCriteria used to determine whether or not an individual,group,or application may access reference data or a process.AvailabilityUser access to applications and/or data stores that reside and execute on computing systems accessing information that resides in files and databases suppo rted by an organization’s various operating environments.BB2BBusiness-to-business commerce conducted over the Web.B2CBusiness-to-consumer commerce conducted over the Internet.It links consumers to commercial entities in one-way networks.Balanced ScorecardA comprehensive,top-down view of organizational performance with a strongfocus on vision and strategy.In 1992 the founding fathers of the Balanced Scorecard,Drs.Robert Kaplan and David Norton,debuted their methodology in the Harvard Business Review.Then,in 1996,they released The BalancedScorecard Translating Strategy into Action,the so-called bible of the Balanced Scorecard.Balanced Scorecard CollaborativeA professional services firm dedicated to the worldwideawareness,use,enhancement and integrity of the balanced scorecard as a value-added management process.Balanced Scorecard Collaborative CertificationAn industry-standard certification offered to software providers whose balanced scorecard applications meet the functional standards of Kaplan and Norton.These are applications that will enable end users to achieve the benefits of the balanced scorecard management process.Baldrige Criteria for Performance ExcellenceCriteria providing a systems perspective for understanding performance management.They reflect validated, leading management practices against which an organization can measure itself.With their acceptance nationally and internationally as the model for performance excellence,the criteria represent a common language for communication among organizations for sharing best practices.BannerA picture or graphic that stretches horizontally across a Web page.These canbe used to title the Web page,start or separate different sections,create links to other Web pages,or provide a place for advertisements.Banner AdvertisingA marketing mechanism that contains strips of advertisements that aresporadically positioned on a web page and are extremely popular on the World Wide Web.These types of ads generally take up a considerable amount of bandwidth and are sometimes disturbing to the Web user.Base TablesThe normalized data structures maintained in the target warehousing database.Also known as the detail data.Basel II New Accord (Basel 2,New Accord)This is a set of banking standards,which will regulate finance and banking for countries in the European Union.The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is tasked with the goal to complete the New Accord by mid-year 2004,with implementation to take effect in member countries by year-end 2006.To that end,work already has begun in a number of countries on draft rules that would integrate Basel capital standards with national capital regimes.Basel II is focused specifically on global banks and financial institutions and ensures liquidity of those institutions for the protection of public trust.BenchmarkingA point of reference for measurement.Benefit SegmentationThe process of grouping customers into market segments according to the benefits they seek from the product.Refers to their needs and wants only.Best PracticesA case study considered to be a good example of a business discipline.Bidirectional ExtractsThe ability to extract,cleanse and transfer data in two directions among different types of databases,including hierarchical,networked and relational databases.Braking MechanismA software mechanism that prevents users from querying the operationaldatabase once transaction loads reach a certain level.Bricks and MortarRefers to businesses that exist in the real world as opposed to just the cyber world such as bricks-and-mortar retail outlets,bricks-and-mortar warehouses,etc.BrowserThe generic term for software programs that retrieve,display and print information World Wide Web.The most popular browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer,Netscape Navigator and Mosaic.Mosaic was the first browser to introduce graphics.Previously,users were only allowed to view the text of Web pages.Currently,Microsoft Outlook is the most popular browser in the world.Bulk Data TransferA software-based mechanism designed to move large data files.It supportscompression,blocking and buffering to optimize transfer times.Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)BAM is a business solution that is supported by an advanced technical infrastructure that enables rapid insight into new business strategies,the reduction of operating cost by real-time identification of issues and improved process performance.Business ArchitectureOne of the four layers of an information systems architecture.A business architecture describes the functions a business performs and the information it uses.Business ContinuityThe degree to which an organization may achieve uninterrupted stability of systems and operational procedures.Business DataInformation about people,places,things,business rules,and events,which is used to operate the business.It is not metadata.(Metadata defines and describes business data.)Business DriversThe people,information,and tasks that support the fulfillment of a business objective.Business Intelligence (BI)Business intelligence is actually an environment in which business users receive data that is reliable,consistent,understandable,easily manipulated and timely.With this data,business users are able to conduct analyses thatyield overall understanding of where the business has been,where it is now and where it will be in the near future.Business intelligence serves two main purposes.It monitors the financial and operational health of the organization(reports,alerts,alarms,analysis tools,key performance indicators and dashboards).It also regulates the operation of the organization providing two-way integration with operational systems and information feedback analysis.Business Intelligence PlatformA foundation of enabling tools and technologies necessary for the developmentand deployment of business intelligence and business performance management applications.Business Intelligence Service Provider (BISP)A natural extension of the ASP,application of data warehousing and businessintelligence (BI) methodologies and technologies to the ASP model.BISPs tie into information systems behind a corporation's firewall,providing traditional data warehouse and analytic application capabilities for Internet-based e-businesses,especially e-commerce Web sites and are hosted off site.Business Intelligence SoftwareA category of software that enables companies to access,analyze and shareinformation to understand how the business is performing and to improve decision making.Business Intelligence ToolsThe tools and technologies used to access and analyze business information.They include online analytical processing(OLAP) technologies,data miningand advanced analytics;end-user tools for ad hoc query and analysis,enterprise class query,analysis and reporting including dashboards for performance monitoring;and production reporting against all enterprise data sources.Business ModelA view of the business at any given point in time.The view can be from aprocess,data,event or resource perspective,and can be the past,present or future state of the business.Business Performance Calibration (BPC)The continuous,near real-time forecasting and analysis of related performance metrics to achieve balanced performance,i.e.,efficient growth and the optimal management of resources.Business Performance Intelligence (BPI)A subset of the BI market and involves planning and budgeting,BalancedScorecard performance management and activity-based costing.Business Performance Management (BPM)Applications that help direct modeling or scenario exploration activities.Rather than simply exploring what happened and why,the application can help the user consider the implications of alternative courses of action before they become operational.Performance management suggests an explicit relationship to action,and modeling is the key link to do this.Business Performance MeasurementApplications that provide support for specific KPIs(key performance indicators) enable a business to measure their performance.This is often coupled with comparative information from industry sources,so a company can compare their performance against that of others in their industry.Business performance measurement applications support the analysis phase of the business improvement cycle.Business TransactionA unit of work acted upon by a data capture system to create,modify,or deletebusiness data.Each transaction represents a single valued fact describinga single business event.CC-Commerce (Collaborative-Commerce)A business strategy that motivates value-chain partners with a commonbusiness interest to generate value through sharing information at all phases of the business cycle (from product development to distribution).C2BThe financial interaction,initiated by a consumer,between a consumer and business.CachePronounced "cash". The storage of recently visited sites and data which can be accessed from computer memory instead of linking the server each time you return to the site.This speeds the access time, but does not reflect any changes to the site while in the cache.On rapidly changing sites you may needto click the reload button in order to read the most recent changes.Call CenterThe part of an organization that handles inbound/outbound communications with customers.Campaign ManagementDetailed tracking, reporting and analysis that provides precise measurements regarding current marketing campaigns,how they are performing and the types of leads they attract.Cartesian productA Cartesian join will get you a Cartesian product.A Cartesian join is whenyou join every row of one table to every row of another table.You can also get one by joining every row of a table to every row of itself.Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)Cascading style sheets is a style sheet language that enables authors and users to attach style(fonts,spacing and aural cues) to structure that include HTML and XML applications.CASEComputer Aided Software Engineering.CASE ManagementThe management of information between multiple CASE encyclopedias," whether the same or different CASE tools.CatalogA component of a data dictionary that contains a directory of its DBMS objectsas well as attributes of each object.CellData point defined by one member of each dimension of a multidimensional structure.Often,potential cells in multidimensional structures are empty,leading to "sparse" storage.Central WarehouseA database created from operational extracts that adheres to asingle,consistent,enterprise data model to ensure consistency of decision-support data across the corporation.A style of computing where all the information systems are located and managed from a single physical location.Change Data CaptureThe process of capturing changes made to a production data source.Change data capture is typically performed by reading the source DBMS log.It consolidates units of work,ensures data is synchronized with the original source,and reduces data volume in a data warehousing environment.ChurnDescribes customer attrition.A high churn rate implies high customer disloyalty.Classic Data Warehouse DevelopmentThe process of building an enterprise business model,creating a system datamodel,defining and designing a data warehouse architecture,constructing the physical database,and lastly populating the warehouses database.Clicks and MortarA business that has successfully integrated its online existence with itsoffline,real-world existence.For example,a retail store that allows customers to order products online or purchase products at its store location.ClickthroughThe percentage of advertisements or other content a user clicks on or chooses to view.ClientA software program used to contact and obtain data from a server softwareprogram on another computer.Each client program is designed to work with one or more specific kinds of server programs, and each server requires a specific kid of client.Client/ServerA distributed technology approach where the processing is divided by function.The server performs shared functions——managing communications,providing database services,etc.The client performs individual user functions——providing customized interfaces,performing screen to screen navigation,offering help functions,etc.Client/Server ArchitectureA networked environment where a smaller system such as a PC interacts witha larger,faster system.This allows the processing to be performed on thelarger system which frees the user's PC.The larger system is able to connect and disconnect from the clients in order to more efficiently process the data.Client/Server ProcessingA form of cooperative processing in which the end-user interaction is througha programmable workstation (desktop) that must execute some part of theapplication logic over and above display formatting and terminal emulation.CollectionA set of data that resulted from a DBMS query.COM+Provides an enterprise development environment,based on the Microsoft component object model (COM),for creating component-based,distributed applications.Common Object Model (COM)Common object model is an object-based programming specification,designed to provide object interoperability through sets of predefined routines called interfaces.Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)Common object request broker architecture is the Object Management Group(OMG) vendor-independent architecture and infrastructure,which computer applications use to work together over networks.Communications IntegrityAn operational quality that ensures transmitted data has been accurately received at its destination.ConsolidationThe process that takes data from different systems and entities,and possibly desperate formats,and combines and aggregates that information to create a unified view.ConsumerAn individual,group or application that accesses data/information in a data warehouse.Consumer ProfileIdentification of an individual,group or application and a profile of the data they request and use:the kinds of warehouse data, physical relational tables needed,and the required location and frequency of the data (when,where,and in what form it is to be delivered).Content ManagementThe processes and workflows involved in organizing,categorizing,and structuring information resources so that they can be stored,published,and reused in multiple ways.A content management system(CMS) is used to collect,manage and publish content,storing the content either as components or whole documents,while maintaining the links between components.It may also provides for content revision control.Continuous AvailabilityA protocol,associated execution and ready state of functionality thatvirtually guarantees computing-system operational continuity in any downtime event.Continuous availability concerns itself with 1) the recovery of applications,data and data transactions committed up to the moment of system loss;and 2) seamless,24x7 system availability that offsets any planned or unplanned downtime event.Control DataData that guides a process. For example,indicators,flags,counters and parameters.CookiesCookies are text files that are stored at the client's hard drive.When a browser requests a document,the web server creates a fragment of data,which is sent to the browser and stored at the client's computer.Afterward,when the browser solicits another document,the cookie is sent with the request.Cookies are very similar to the caller id boxes that have become so popular in that they provide telemarketers with such relevant information as:the consumers name,address,and previous purchase payment record.Cooperative ProcessingA style of computer application processing in which thepresentation,business logic,and data management are split among two or more software services that operate on one or more computers.In cooperative processing,individual software programs (services) perform specific functions that are invoked by means of parameterized messages exchanged between them.Copy ManagementThe analysis of the business benefit realized by the cost of expenditure on some resource,tool,or application development.Corporate Performance ManagementAn umbrella term used to describe the methodologies, metrics,processes and systems used to monitor and manage the business performance of an enterprise.Cost Benefit AnalysisThe analysis of the business benefit realized by the cost of expenditure on some resource,tool,or application development.Critical Success FactorsKey areas of activity in which favorable results are necessary for a company to reach its goal.CRMCustomer Relationship Management.CrosstabA process or function that combines and/or summarizes data from one or moresources into a concise format for analysis or reporting.CubeA data cube is a multidimensional structure that contains an aggregate valueat each point,i.e.,the result of applying an aggregate function to an underlying relation.Data cubes are used to implement online analytical processing (OLAP).Currency DateThe date the data is considered effective.It is also known as the "as of"date or temporal currency.Customer Relationship ManagementThe idea of establishing relationships with customers on an individual basis,then using that information to treat different customers differently.Customer buying profiles and churn analysis are examples of decision support activities that can affect the success of customer relationships.Cyber marketingThis term refers to any type of Internet-based promotion.This includes Web sites, targeted e-mail,Internet bulletin boards, sites where customers can dial-in and download files,and sites that engage in internet commerce by offering products for sell over the Internet.The term doesn't have a strict meaning,though,and many marketing managers use it to cover any computer-based marketing tools.DDashboardAn application or custom user interface that organizes and presents information in a way that is easy to read.The information may be integrated from multiple components into a unified display.A dashboard helps monitor individual,business unit and organizational performance and processes fora greater understanding of the business.DataItems representing facts,text,graphics,bit-mapped images,sound,analog or digital live-video segments.Data is the raw material of a system supplied by data producers and is used by information consumers to create information.Data Access ToolsAn end-user oriented tool that allows users to build SQL queries by pointing and clicking on a list of tables and fields in the data warehouse.Data AcquisitionIdentification,selection and mapping of source data to target data.Detection of source data changes,data extraction techniques,timing of data extracts,data transformation techniques,frequency of database loads and levels of data summary are among the difficult data acquisition challenges.Data Analysis and Presentation ToolsSoftware that provides a logical view of data in a warehouse.Some create simple aliases for table and column names;others create data that identify the contents and location of data in the warehouse.Data ApplianceA combination of hardware,software,DBMSs and storage,all under oneumbrella.A black box that yields high performance in both speed and storage, making the BI environment simpler and more useful to the users.Data ConsumerAn individual,group,or application that receives data in the form of a collection.The data is used for query,analysis,and reporting.Data CustodianThe individual assigned the responsibility of operating systems, data centers, data warehouses, operational databases, and business operations in conformance with the policies and practices prescribed by the data owner.Data DictionaryA database about data and database structures. A catalog of all data elements,containing their names, structures, and information about their usage. A central location for metadata. Normally, data dictionaries are designed to store a limited set of available metadata, concentrating on the information relating to the data elements, databases, files and programs of implemented systems.Data DirectoryA collection of definitions, rules and advisories of data, designed to beused as a guide or reference with the data warehouse. The directory includes definitions, examples, relations, functions and equivalents in other environments.Data ElementThe most elementary unit of data that can be identified and described in a dictionary or repository which cannot be subdivided.Data Extraction SoftwareSoftware that reads one or more sources of data and creates a new image of the data.Data Flow DiagramA diagram that shows the normal flow of data between services as well as theflow of data between data stores and services.Data IntegrationPulling together and reconciling dispersed data for analytic purposes that organizations have maintained in multiple, heterogeneous systems. Data needs to be accessed and extracted, moved and loaded, validated and cleaned, and standardized and transformed.Data LoadingThe process of populating the data warehouse. Data loading is provided by DBMS-specific load processes, DBMS insert processes, and independent fastload processes.Data ManagementControlling, protecting, and facilitating access to data in order to provide information consumers with timely access to the data they need. The functions provided by a database management system.Data Management SoftwareSoftware that converts data into a unified format by taking derived data to create new fields, merging files, summarizing and filtering data; the process of reading data from operational systems. Data Management Software is also known as data extraction software.Data MappingThe process of assigning a source data element to a target data element.。

数据仓库的技术词汇

■数据仓库的技术词汇access (访问或存取)—在存储单元上查找、读或写数据的操作。

access method (访问方法或存取方法)—用于将物理记录从大容量存储设备传入或传出的技术。

access pattern (访问模式或存取模式)—访问数据结构的一般序列(例如，从元组到元组，从记录到记录，从段到段等等)。

accuracy (精确度)—一种对避免误差的定性估计，或对误差大小的定量度量，表示为一个相对误差的函数。

ad hoc processing (特别处理)—仅执行一次，偶尔访问，并且用从未用过的参数操纵数据，通常以启发式的迭代的方式进行。

after image (后映像)—当完成一个事务后，放入日志的数据快照。

agent of change (变化动因)—大得不能抗拒的驱动力，通常是系统的老化、技术的变化、需求的根本改变等等。

algorithm (算法)—组织好用以在有限步骤内解决问题的一系列语句。

analytical processing (分析型处理)—使用计算机为管理决策提供分析，通常包括趋势分析、向下探查分析、统计分析及概要分析等等。

application (应用)—支持一个组织或企业需求的一组相互联系的算法和数据。

application database (应用数据库)—组织好用以支持一种特定应用的数据集合。

archival database (存档数据库)—包含具有历史特性的数据的数据集合。

一般来说，存档数据是不被更新的。

每个存档数据单元都和一个过去的时间点有关。

artifact (人工关系)—在D S S环境中用于表示参照完整性的一种设计技术。

atomic (原子)—(1)存储在数据仓库中的数据；( 2)处理分析的最低层次。

atomic database (原子数据库)—由原始的原子数据组成的数据库；一个数据仓库；一个D S S基础数据库。

atomic-level data (原子层数据)—具有最低粒度级的数据。

数据仓库-术语

1.ESB全称为Enterprise Service Bus，即企业服务总线。

它是传统中间件技术与XML、Web服务等技术结合的产物。

ESB提供了网络中最基本的连接中枢，是构筑企业神经系统的必要元素。

ESB的出现改变了传统的软件架构，可以提供比传统中间件产品更为廉价的解决方案，同时它还可以消除不同应用之间的技术差异，让不同的应用服务器协调运作，实现了不同服务之间的通信与整合。

从功能上看，ESB提供了事件驱动和文档导向的处理模式，以及分布式的运行管理机制，它支持基于内容的路由和过滤，具备了复杂数据的传输能力，并可以提供一系列的标准接口。

2.ETL：Extract-Transform-Load的缩写，数据抽取（Extract）、转换（Transform）、装载（Load）的过程。

3.DW：Data Warehousing，根据Bill.Inmon的定义，“数据仓库是面向主题的、集成的、稳定的、随时间变化的，主要用于决策支持的数据库系统”。

4.Metadata：元数据。

描述数据的数据，指在数据仓库建设过程中所产生的有关数据源定义，目标定义，转换规则等相关的关键数据。

5.ETL是数据仓库建立的核心过程数据仓库系统先天不足，是在业务系统的基础上发展而来的，其内部存储的数据来自于事务处理的业务系统和外部数据源。

而企业内各源数据缺少统一的标准，因企业的业务系统是在不同时期、不同背景、面对不同应用、不同开发商等各种客观前提下建立的，其数据结构、存储平台、系统平台均存在很大的异构性。

因而其数据难以转化为有用的信息，原始数据的不一致性导致决策时其可信度的降低。

6.ETL是BI/DW的核心和灵魂，按照统一的规则集成并提高数据的价值，是负责完成数据从数据源向目标数据仓库转化的过程，是实施数据仓库的重要步骤。

如果说数据仓库的模型设计是一座大厦的设计蓝图，数据是砖瓦的话，那么ETL就是建设大厦的过程。

在整个项目中最难部分是用户需求分析和模型设计，而ETL规则设计和实施则是工作量最大的，其工作量要占整个项目的60%-80%，这是国内外从众多实践中得到的普遍共识。

数据仓库名词解释

数据仓库名词解释数据仓库是一个面向主题的、集成的、稳定的、直接面向最终用户的数据集合，用于支持企业决策制定、分析和决策支持系统。

数据仓库是一个独立的数据存储和管理系统，其目标是针对企业中各个部门的数据进行整合、清洗、加工和建模，从而提供一套一致、可信、易于访问和理解的数据，帮助用户进行数据分析和企业决策。

以下是一些与数据仓库相关的重要概念和名词的解释：1. 数据集成：将来自不同数据源的数据整合到数据仓库中，包括内部和外部数据源。

2. 数据清洗：数据清洗是指通过一系列的操作，消除数据中的错误、重复、缺失和不一致的部分，提高数据的质量。

3. 数据加工：对数据进行转换、聚合、计算和抽取，以满足用户的特定需求和分析目的。

4. 主题：数据仓库的主题是指根据企业的业务需求而组织起来的数据类别或领域，例如销售、人力资源、供应链等。

5. 元数据：元数据是描述数据的数据，包括数据的源头、结构、定义、关系等。

元数据对于数据仓库的管理和使用非常重要。

6. 维度：维度是数据仓库中描述主题的属性，如时间、地理位置、产品、客户等，用于分析和查询。

7. 度量：度量是数据仓库中可以计量和比较的数据，如销售额、利润、客户数量等。

8. 星型模式：星型模式是一种常见的数据仓库建模技术，其中一个中心表（事实表）围绕着多个维度表进行关联。

9. 粒度：粒度是指数据仓库中所记录的事实的详细程度，如日销售额、月销售额、年销售额等。

10. OLAP（联机分析处理）：OLAP是一种针对多维数据进行快速查询和分析的技术，通过透视表、图表和报表等方式展现数据。

11. ETL（抽取、转换和加载）：ETL是数据仓库中的核心过程，用于从源系统中抽取数据，通过转换和加工后加载到数据仓库中。

12. 决策支持系统：决策支持系统是通过利用数据仓库中的数据和分析工具，辅助管理层做出决策的信息系统。

数据仓库在企业中扮演着重要的角色，它能够提供一致、准确的数据，帮助企业决策者进行数据分析和制定决策。

数仓词根汇总

数仓词根汇总以下是一些常见的数仓相关词根和术语：1. 数据（Data）：指代事实、观察结果或资讯，是数仓的基本组成单位。

2. 仓库（Warehouse）：表示数据存储的地方，数仓就是指数据仓库。

3. 模型（Model）：用来表示数据之间的关系和规律，可以是逻辑模型、物理模型等。

4. 维度（Dimension）：描述数据的特征属性，例如时间、地点、产品等。

5. 度量（Measure）：衡量业务指标的数值，例如销售额、利润等。

6. 聚合（Aggregation）：将细粒度的数据按照某个维度进行汇总，以便于分析和报表展示。

7. 抽取（Extraction）：从源系统中提取数据到数仓的过程。

8. 转换（Transformation）：对抽取的数据进行清洗、整理和加工，使其符合数仓的要求。

9. 装载（Loading）：将经过转换的数据加载到数仓中。

10. 星型模型（Star Schema）：一种常见的数据模型，通过一个中心事实表和多个维度表来描述数据的关系。

11. 雪花模型（Snowflake Schema）：在星型模型的基础上，进一步规范化维度表，以减少冗余和数据存储空间。

12. ETL（Extract, Transform, Load）：表示从源系统抽取数据、进行转换和加载到数仓的全过程。

13. OLAP（Online Analytical Processing）：在线分析处理，用于对数仓中的数据进行多维度分析和查询。

14. 数据挖掘（Data Mining）：通过算法和技术，从大量数据中发现隐藏的模式和规律。

15. 数据质量（Data Quality）：指数据的准确性、完整性、一致性等方面的特征。

这些词根和术语在数仓领域非常常见，了解它们可以帮助更好地理解和应用数仓相关的知识和技术。

(完整版)信息管理与信息系统专业英语词汇总结

Lesson1distributed applications 分布式应用程序competitive advantage 竞争优势data warehouses 数据仓库incompatible databases 不兼容数据库decision support systems 决策支持系统executive information systems 执行信息系统DBMS——database management systems 数据库管理系统entry 款目metadata 元数据mainframe computer大型计算机desktop computer台式计算机laptop computer膝上型计算机spreadsheet 电子表格LAN ------local area network 局域网database server 数据库服务器user views 用户视图data security 数据安全性data integrity 数据完整性concurrent user 并发用户data updating 数据更新data redundancy 数据冗余consistency of data and metadata 数据和元数据的一致性distributed database 分布式数据库telecommunications network 远程通讯网Lesson2automatic indexing自动标引human indexing 人工标引extraction indexing 抽词标引assignment indexing赋词标引controlled vocabulary 受控词表non-substantive words 非实意词index terms 标引词automatic stemming 自动抽取词干weight 权值clue words 提示词inverted file 倒排文档absolute frequency 绝对词频relative frequency 相对词频information retrieval 信息检索syntactic criteria 句法规则word string 词串NLDB——Natural Language DataBase 自然语言数据库MAI——machine-aided indexing 机器辅助标引recall ratio 查全率precision ratio 查准率descriptor 叙词thesaurus 叙词表semantic vocabulary 语义词表concept headings 概念标题consistency of indexing 标引的一致性underassignment 欠量赋词overassignment 过量赋词back file 备份文件main heading 主标题subheading 副标题access point 检索点Lesson3machine-readable form 机读形式source document 源文献subject indexing 主题标引back-of-the-book indexing书后标引indexing scheme 标引方案NFAIS——National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services（美国）国家文摘与信息服务联合会scope notes 范围注释permuted list 轮排词表CAS——Chemical Abstracts Service 化学文摘社character set 字符集statistical correlation 统计关联ISI——Institute for Scientific Information （美国）科学情报社co-citation indexing 共引文标引SCI——Science Citation Indexes 科学引文索引SSCI——Social Science Citation Indexes 社会科学引文标引bibliometric analysis 书目计量分析Lesson4performance enhancement 性能改善scarce resources 稀缺资源proxy servers 代理服务器JAVA executables JAV可执行程序source code 源代码streaming media 流媒体outsourcing 业务外包wild card characters 通配符real-time traffic analysis 实时流量分析static web pages 静态网页ISDN——Integrated Services Digital Network 综合服务数据网URL——Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位符HTML——Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标识语言CGI——Common Gateway Interface 公共网关接口XML——Extension Markup Language 扩展标识语言OR——Operation Record 操作记录IIS——Internet Information Services 网络信息服务Lesson5IR——information retrieval 信息检索search engine spam 搜索引擎垃圾soft computing 软计算data mining 数据挖掘information fusion 信息融合classification 分类clustering 聚类thesaurus construction 词表构建Web page categorization 网页分类JPG——Joint Photographic Experts Group 图像文件格式GIF——Graphics Interchange Format 可交换的图像文件格式PNG——Portable Network Graphic 可移植的网络图像文件格式the WWW Consortium 万维网联盟HTTP——Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议TCP——Transfer Control Protocol 传输控制协议ASCII——American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息互换标准代码CPUCentral Processing Unit 中央处理器Lesson6black－box services 黑箱服务delivering information 传递信息videoconferencing 视频会议cross reference互见，相互参照timeliness 及时性cross check 交叉检查，核对knowledge framework 知识结构Lesson7IP——intellectual property 知识产权electronic holdings of libraries 电子馆藏information infrastructure 信息基础设施copyright 版权patent 专利exclusive right 专有权subsequent editions 后续版本Lesson8encryption technologies 加密技术decrypted digital version 解密数字版本fair use doctrine 公平利用原则authenticity and integrity of the information 信息的可靠性和完整性DMCA——the Digital Millennium Copyright Act 数字千年版权法DVD——digital video diskencyclopedias 百科全书Lesson9CKO——chief knowledge officer 知识主管knowledge sharing 知识共享manual 手册competitive intelligence 竞争情报search engine 搜索引擎artificial intelligence 人工智能drill-down access 深度查询accessibility 可获得性knowledge discovery 知识发现quantitative data 定量数据qualitative data 定性数据virtual warehouses 虚拟(数据)仓库virtual library 虚拟图书馆relational database 关系数据库research and development 研发（研究与开发）directory 指南newsletter 简讯intelligent search agents 智能检索代理information resources 信息资源performance evaluation 性能评价Lesson10CIO——chief information officer信息主管ERP——Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划CRM——Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理Collaborative Applications Environment 协同应用环境workflow package 工作流软件包Lesson11rights of information users 信息用户的权利obligations of information users 信息用户的义务terms and conditions 条款。

数仓中的全量表、增量表、快照表、切片表和拉链表区别和使用场景

数仓中的全量表、增量表、快照表、切⽚表和拉链表区别和使⽤场景⼀、全量表：df表，有⽆变化都要上报，只有⼀个分区或者没有分区，每次往全量表⾥⾯写数据都会覆盖之前的数据，不能记录数据的历史变化，只能截⽌到当前最新、全量的数据⼆、增量表：每天新增的数据和改变的数据都会存储在当⽇的分区中；增量表记录每次增加的量，只报变化量，⽆变化的不⽤报；增量表设计过程，假设以18号与19号数据为例-- 1、找出19号未修改的数据,写⼊当前分区INSERT OVERWARITE er_info_di PARTITION(p_dymd='2021-12-19')WITH t1 AS (SELECT*FROM er_info_diWHERE p_dymd ='2021-12-18'), t2 AS (SELECT*FROM er_infoWHERE p_dymd ='2021-12-19')SELECT*FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2ON er_id= er_idWHERE er_id is null-- 2、将19号新增和变化的数据写⼊当前分区INSERT INTO TABLE er_info_di PARTITION(p_dymd='2021-12-19')SELECT*FROM er_infoWHERW p_dymd ='2021-12-19'-- 3、⼀般增量表只保存7天的数量ALTER TABLE er_info_di DROP IF EXIST PARTITION(p_dymd='2021-12-19') 特殊增量表：da表，⼀般是埋点⽇志等，每天的数据存储在当天的分区⾥⾯，数据产⽣之后就不会再发⽣变化了。

三、快照表：因为全量表⽆法反映历史的变化，这时快照表就可以使⽤了，快照表记录截⽌数据⽇期的全量数据（每个分区都是记录截⽌当前分区⽇期的全量数据），但是在数据量⼤的情况下，每个分区存储的都是全量数据，数据冗余和浪费存储空间；四、切⽚表：根据基础表，往往只反映某⼀个维度的相应数据，数据只有⼀个维度或者某⼀事实条件数据；五、拉链表：能够解决快照表数据冗余问题，还能维护数据历史状态和最新状态，记录截⽌数据⽇期的全量数据，⼀个事物从开始，⼀直到当前状态的所有变化信息；缓慢变化维（SCD）：拉链表不是SCD，它只是⽤来处理缓慢变化维的⼀种⼿段⽽已。

数据仓库整体词汇表

Abbreviation Abbr简称Abnormal Abnm异常Account Acct账户Accountant Accnt会计Accrued Acr应计利息Accumulate Accu累计Accumulation Accum公积金X Action Actn行动Activity Actvt行动Actural Actl实际的Address Addr地址Adjusted Adj调整ADRatio ADRatio涨跌幅Aggregate Aggr汇总Allocation Alloc分配Allotment Allot中签Amount Amt金额AmountPerTransaction APT单笔金额Analysis Analys分析And n和Announce Anno宣布Application App申请Apply Aply申购Approval Aprv批准Arbitrage Arb套利Area Area地区AShare A A股X AssetManagement AssetMan资产管理Attribute Attr属性Auction Auc拍卖Authorized Auth授权的Average Avg平均X Balance Bal余额Bandwidth BW带宽X Bid Bid申报BigDeal BgDl大宗交易Birthday Bir生日Bond Bond债券BondRepurchase BondR债券回购Bonds Bond债券Branch Branch营业部BShare B B股X Business Biz业务Buy Buy买Buyout BO买断X Calculation Calc计算Calendar Cldr日历Capital Cap资本X X X CapitalValue CapVal总市值XCash Cash现金Catalog Ctlg分类XCategory Ctgr种类XCertified Cert认证Change Chg更改XCheck Chk检查XChecking Chk检查Child Cld孩子XClearing Clg清算Close Cls收ClosePrice ClosePrice收盘Code Code代码Company Com公司Constituent Cnst成份XContactor Contactor联系人XContinue C连续Continuous Cont连续的XConversion Convs转换Convert Cvt转换ConvertableBond CvtBd转债Convertible Cvt可转换Cooresponding Corspd相关的CorporateBond CBond企业债Count Count计数Counterparty Ctpy对手方Country Cntry国家XCoupon Cpn票面Create Crt创建XCSRC CSRC证监会Cumulative Cmltv累计XCurrency Curr货币Current Currt当前Cycle Cyc周期XDaily Dly每日Date Date日期Dealer Dler一级交易商XDegree Degr学历XDelete Del删除Deleted Del删除Deletion Del删除Delist Delist摘牌Denomination Dnom名义Department Dept部门Derivative Derv衍生品XDescription Desc描述Designated Dsgnt指定Destination Dest目标/对象X Detail Dtl详细Developer Devp发展商Difference Diff差异Dimension DMN维度Direction Dir方向Discount Dscnt折价Distribution Distrb分布District District地市Dividend Div分红Document Doc文档Domain Domn辖区X Duration Dur久期Dynamic Dynm动态Effective Eff有效Efficiency Effcy效率Employee Emp雇员English Eng英语Entry Ent进入Equities Equ股权ETF ETF ETFExchange Exch交换Executed Exe执行Expense Exps费用Experience Expr经验Expiration Expr到期Expire Expire到期Expiry Expr到期External Ext外部FIFO FIFO先进先出Final Final期末Finance Fin金融Financial Fin金融First Fst第一FirstLevelMarket FLM一级市场Flag Flg标志Foreign Fori外国Forward Fwd向前复权X Frequency Freq频率Frozen Frzn冻结X Fund Fund基金FundCompany FundCompany基金公司Funds Fund基金Gender Sex性别Group Group组Guarantor Gutr担保人HighPrice High最高价Hold Hld持有Holding Hld持有Identifier ID唯一标识Income Incm收入Increase Incr增长Index Indx指数Indicator Ind标志Industry Indstr行业Information Info信息Initial Init初始的Institute Inst机构Instrument Instr工具Interest Intrst利息Internal Inter内部Interval Intv区间Investor Invst投资者Issue Iss发行Last Lst最后LastClose LstCls昨收盘Legal Leg法律的Legal Person LP法人X LegalPersonRep LPR法人代表X Letter Lett信函License Lic许可证LIFO LIFO后进先出LimitDown LD涨停限制LimitUp LU跌停限制Listing Lst上市Location Loc地点LowPrice Low最低价Maintenance Mtn维护Major Major主要，大Management Mgmt管理X Manager Mngr经理Margin Magn保证金Market Mkt证券市场X MarketValue MktVal市值Master Master主要Match Mtch配对Mature Mature到期Maturity Matur到期Maximum Max最大Member Mem会员Membership Mem会员资格Method Meth方法Middle Mid中Minimum Min最少Minor Minor小Minute Minu分钟Mnemonic Nmnc缩写Mobile Mob移动电话Multiplier Multp乘数Name Name名称Negotiable Nego流通NetAssetValue NAV净值Network Net通行网络X Nontrade Nontrd非交易Number Num个数Online Olin在线Open Open开户OpenPrice Open开盘价Operation Oper操作，主营业务Order Ord申报Orgnization Org组织Paid-in Paid实收PartialFilled PrtFil部分成交Participant Prtp参与人Password Pswd密码Payment Pay支付Percentage Percn占比Period Peri时期Person Prsn人Physical Assets PA实物资产X Placement Plcmt定向配售X PN PN市净率X Portfolio Portfo投资组合Position Pos职位Prefix Pfx前缀Premium Prm溢价Pressure Psure压力Previous Prev上一Price Prc价格Principal Prcpl主Process Proc处理Product Prodt产品Profit Profit利润ProfitAndLoss PnL损益Proprietary Prop自营Province Prov省/直辖市Public Pub公布Publish Pub刊登Qualification Quaf合格Quantity Qty数量Quarter Quarter季度Quotation Quot行情Raised Rsd筹措Ratio Ratio比例Recommendatory Recom推荐人Recover Rcov复权X Redemption Redp赎回Region Rgn地区Register Reg登记Registration Regst登记Re-Issuance ReIss扩募Remaining Rem剩余Replace Rplc替代Report Rept报表Representative Rep代表Repurchase Repur回购Restriction Restr限制Result Result结果ReturnOnAssets ROA资产报酬率ReturnOnEquity ROE净资产收益率Right Rgt权利Scoring Score评分Seat Seat席位Second Sec秒SecondLevelMarket SLM二级市场Sector Sector板块X Securities Sec金融工具Security Sec证券Segment Sgmt段Sell Sell卖Senior Seni高级Sequence Seq序号X Service Svs服务Settlement Stl清算Share Share股份ShHld Conce持股集中度X ShareHold ConcentrationShareHolder ShareHlder股东Short Sht简略Special Specl特殊的Specification Spec说明Sponsor Spon发起人Start Strt开始State Owned SO国有X Statistic Stat统计StatisticSeat StSeat统计席位Status Stat状态Stock Stock股票Structure Strut结构Submitter Sbmt提交Subscribe Subscr签约Subscription Subscr申购Success Suc成功Suffix Sfx前缀Summary Sum汇总X SurrogateKey SurKey代理键Surveillance Srvl监管Suspend Suspd暂停Suspension Suspen停牌Swing Swing振幅X Tbond Tbond国债TechnicalPost TechPost职称Telephone Tel电话TimeConsume TC耗时TopN TopN前N排名X Total Tot总和Tradable Trd可交易的Trade Trd交易Trading Trd交易Traffic Trfc网络交通X Transaction Tran交易Transactions Trans笔数Transfer Trfr转让X Trustee Trst托管X Turnover Turnover流通量/换手Type Type类型Underlying Udly基础Underwriter Underwriter承销商X Uneffective Uneff无效Unit Unit单位Unmature UMature未到期Update Upd更新Volume Vol数量VolumePerTransaction VPT单笔数量Warrant WT权证X Warrants WT权证Week Week周Weight Wgt权重Weighted Wgt加权的Withdraw Withdraw撤销Year Year年Yearly Yly每年Zipcode Zip邮政编码X。

常用数据库词汇英汉对照

常用数据库词汇英汉对照abort 中断，中止access 访问account 账户action 操作active process 活动进程active statement 活动语句active voice 主动语态ActiveX Data Objects(ADO) ActiveX 数据对象ad hoc connector name 特殊连接器名称add-in 加载项adjective phrasing 形容词句式adverb 副词aggregate function 聚合函数aggregate query 聚合查询aggregation 聚合aggregation prefix 聚合前缀aggregation wrapper 聚合包装alert 警报alert log file 告警日志文件alias 别名aliasing 命名别名American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 美国国家标准学会 (ANSI) analysis server 分析服务器ancestor 祖先annotational property 批注属性anonymous subscription 匿名订阅ANSI:American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会ANSIAPI:Application Program Interface【电脑】应用程序界面, 应用程序接口API server cursor API 服务器游标application role 应用程序角色archive 把……存档archive file 存档文件argument 参数article 项目atomic 原子的attribute 特性authentication 身份验证authorization 授权automatic recovery 自动恢复autonomy 独立axis 轴background process 后台处理，后台进程background trace file 后台跟踪文件backup 备份backup device 备份设备backup file 备份文件backup media 备份媒体backup set 备份集balanced hierarchy 均衡层次结构base data type 基本数据类型base table 基表batch 批处理batch process 批次处理BCP files BCP文件BCP utility BCP实用工具bigint data type bigint数据类型binary data type binary 数据类型binary large object 二进制大对象binding 绑定bit data type bit 数据类型bitwise operation 按位运算BLOB: binary large object二进制大对象，是一个可以存储二进制文件的容器block 块、区块、语句块Boolean 布尔型browse mode 浏览模式buffer cache 缓冲区built-in functions 内置函数business rules 业务规则cache aging 高速缓存老化数据清除calculated column 计算列calculated field 计算字段calculated member 计算所得成员calculation condition 计算条件calculation formula 计算公式calculation pass 计算传递calculation subcube 计算子多维数据集call-level interface (CLI)调用级接口(CLI)candidate key 候选键capacity plan容量图cascading delete 级联删除cascading update 级联更新case 事例case key 事例键case set 事例集cell 单元cellset 单元集certificate 证书change script 更改脚本changing dimension 可更改维度char data type char 数据类型character format 字符格式character set 字符集CHECK constraints CHECK约束checkpoint 检查点child 子代classification 分类clause 子句CLI: call-level interface 调用级接口client客户端client application 客户端应用程序client cursor 客户端游标clustered index 聚集索引clustering 聚集code page 代码页collation 排序规则column 列column filter 列筛选column-level collation 列级排序规则column-level constraint 列级约束command relationship 命令关系commit 提交comparative form 比较级component-based基于构件的component object model (COM)组件对象模型 (COM)composite index 组合索引composite key 组合键computed column 计算列COM-structured storage file COM结构化存储文件concatenation 串联concurrency 并发configuration options 配置选项conjunction 连词connection 连接connection pooling 连接池constant 常量constraint 约束continuation media 延续媒体control-break report 控制中断报表control-of-flow language 控制流语言correlated subquery 相关子查询CPU: Central Processing Unit中央处理器crosstab query 交叉表查询cube 多维数据集cube file 多维数据集文件cube role 多维数据集角色cursor 游标cursor data type cursor 数据类型cursor library 游标库custom rollup 自定义汇总custom rule 自定义规则data block 数据块data connection 数据连接data control language (DCL)数据控制语言 (DCL)data courier 数据快递data definition 数据定义data definition language (DDL)数据定义语言 (DDL)data dictionary 数据字典data dictionary view 数据字典视图data explosion 数据爆炸data file 数据文件data integrity 数据完整性data lineage 数据沿袭data manipulation language (DML)数据操作语言 (DML)data mart 数据集市data member 数据成员data modification 数据修改data pump 数据抽取data scrubbing 数据清理data source 数据源data source name (DSN) 数据源名称 (DSN) data type 数据类型data warehouse 数据仓库database 数据库database catalog 数据库目录database console 数据库控制台database credential 数据库证书database diagram 数据关系图database file 数据库文件database language 数据库语言database object 数据库对象database owner 数据库所有者database performance数据库性能database project 数据库工程database role 数据库角色database schema 数据库架构database script 数据库脚本data-definition query 数据定义查询dataset 数据集DateTime data type DateTime 数据类型DBA:database administrator 数据库管理员DBCS:double-byte character set(DBCS)双字节字符集(DBCS)deadlock 死锁decimal data type decimal 数据类型decision support 决策支持decision tree 决策树declarative referential integrity (DRI) 声明引用完整性 (DRI)dedicated server 专属服务器default 系统默认值，系统缺省值,默认值default constraint 默认约束default database 默认数据库default instance 默认实例default language 默认语言default member 默认成员default result set 默认结果集delete query 删除查询delimiter 分隔符demonstration示范denormalize 使非规范化density 密度deny 拒绝dependencies 相关性descendant 后代destination object 目的对象device 设备diagnostic file 诊断文件dictionary entry 字典条目differential database backup差异数据库备份dimension 维度dimension hierarchy 维度层次结构dimension table 维度表direct connect 直接连接direct object 直接对象direct response mode 直接响应模式dirty pages 脏页dirty read 脏读disable 使无效dispatcher progress 调度程序distribute 分发distributed query 分布式查询distribution CD 发行CDdistribution database 分发数据库distribution retention period分发保持期distributor 分发服务器domain 域domain integrity 域完整性drill down/drill up 深化/浅化drill through 钻取DSN-less connection 无DSN连接DTS package DTS包DTS package template DTS包模板dump 转储dump file 转储文件dynamic 动态的dynamic cursor 动态游标dynamic filter 动态筛选dynamic locking 动态锁定dynamic recovery 动态恢复dynamic snapshot 动态快照dynamic SQL statements 动态SQL语句enable 使有效encrypted trigger 加密触发器encryption 加密entity 实体entity integrity 实体完整性enroll 登记enumeration 枚举environment variable 环境变量equijoin 同等联接error log 错误日志error state number 错误状态号escape character 转义符exclusive lock 排它锁execute 执行explicit transaction 显式事务expression 表达式extended stored procedure 扩展存储过程extent 扩展failover 失效备援fact 事实fact table 事实数据表Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 联邦信息处理标准 (FIPS)fetch 提取field 字段field length 字段长度field terminator 字段终止符file 文件file storage type 文件存储类型filegroup 文件组fill factor 填充因子filter 筛选filtering 筛选firehose cursor 流水游标fixed database role 固定数据库角色fixed server role 固定服务器角色flash recovery area 快速恢复区flattened interface 平展界面flattened rowset 平展行集float data type float 数据类型foreign key (FK) 外键 (FK)foreign table 外表forward-only cursor 只进游标fragmentation 碎片full outer join 完整外部联接full-text catalog 全文目录full-text enabling 全文启用full-text index 全文索引full-text query 全文查询full-text service 全文服务function 函数global default 全局默认值global properties 全局属性global rule 全局规则global subscriptions 全局订阅global variable 全局变量grant 授权granularity 粒度heterogeneous data 异类数据hierarchy 层次结构homogeneous data 同类数据hop 跃点horizontal partitioning 水平分区huge dimension 巨型维度hybrid OLAP (HOLAP) 混合OLAP (HOLAP) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)超文本标记语言 (HTML)identifier 标识符identity column 标识列identity property 标识属性idle time 空闲时间image data type image 数据类型immediate updating 即时更新immediate updating subscribers即时更新订阅服务器immediate updating subscriptions即时更新订阅implement 实现implicit transaction 隐性事务implied permission 暗示性权限income 接收incremental update 增量更新index 索引index ORing 索引或运算index page 索引页indirect object 间接宾语information model 信息模型initial media 初始化媒体initialization parameters 初始化参数initial snapshot 初始化快照inner join 内联接input member 输入成员input set 输入集input source 输入源insensitive cursor 不感知游标insert query 插入查询insert values query 插入值查询instance 实例int (integer) data typeint (integer) 数据类型integer 整型integrated environment 集成环境integrated security 集成安全性integrity constraint 完整性约束intent lock 意向锁interactive 交互的interactive structured query language (ISQL) 交互式结构化查询语言 (ISQL) interface 接口interface implication 接口含义internal identifier 内部标识符International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 国际电子技术委员会International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 国际标准化组织interprocess communication (IPC)进程间通讯 (IPC)invoke 调用irregular form 不规则形式irregular form type 不规则形式类型irregular noun 不规则名词irregular verb 不规则动词isolation level 隔离级别JDBC：Java database connectivity Java数据库连接job 作业join 联接join column 联接列join condition 联接条件join field 联接字段join filter 联接筛选join operator 联接运算符join path 联接路径join table 联接表junction table 连接表kernel 核心key 键key column 键列key range lock 键范围锁keyset-driven cursor 键集驱动游标keyword 关键字large level 大级别latency 滞后时间leaf 叶leaf level 叶级leaf member 叶成员left outer join 左向外联接level 级别level hierarchy 级别层次结构library 库linked cube 链接多维数据集linked server 链接服务器linked table 链接表linking table 链接表listener：监听程序livelock 活锁local cube 本地多维数据集local distributor 本地分发服务器local group 本地组local login identification本地登录标识local server 本地服务器local subscription 本地订阅local variable 局部变量locale 区域设置locale identifier (LCID)区域设置标识符 (LCID)lock 锁lock escalation 锁升级log file 日志文件logical name 逻辑名称logical operators 逻辑运算符logical_join 逻辑联接login (account) 登录（帐户）login security mode 登录安全模式lookup table 查找表LRU algorithm:least recently used algorithm 最近最少使用算法Maintain 维护make table query 生成表查询mandatory强制的，必选的many-to-many relationship 多对多关系many-to-one relationship 多对一关系master database master 数据库master definition site 主定义位置master file 主文件master site 主位置measure 度量值measurement 度量media description 媒体描述media family 媒体家族media header 媒体首部media name 媒体名称media set 媒体集member 成员member delegation 成员委派member group 成员组member key column 成员键列member name column 成员名列member property 成员属性member variable 成员变量memo 备注merge 合并merge replication 合并复制message number 消息编号messaging application programming interface (MAPI) 消息应用程序接口meta data 元数据method 方法middle tier：中介层，中间层migrate移植mining model 挖掘模型mining model training 挖掘模型培训mirroring 镜像mixed mode 混合模式model 模型model database model 数据库model dependency 模型相关性module 模块modulo 以...为模money data type money 数据类型multidimensional expressions (MDX) 多维表达式 (MDX)multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP)多维 OLAP (MOLAP)multidimensional structure 多维结构multiple inheritance 多重继承multiple instances 多实例multithreaded server application多线程服务器应用程序multiuser 多用户name phrasing 名称句式named instance 命名实例named pipe 命名管道named set 命名集naming relationship 命名关系native format 本机格式navigate导航NLS:natural language support自然语言支持系统nchar data type nchar数据类型nested query 嵌套查询nested table 嵌套表nickname 别名noise word 干扰词nonclustered index 非聚集索引nonleaf 非叶nonleaf member 非叶成员nonrepeatable read 不可重复读取normalization rules 规范化规则ntext data type ntext 数据类型NULL 不知道nullability 为空性numeric expression 数值表达式nvarchar data type nvarchar 数据类型object 对象object dependencies 对象相关性object identifier 对象标识符object owner 对象所有者object permission 对象权限object variable 对象变量ODBC:open database connectivity开放数据库互连ODBC data source ODBC数据源ODBC driver ODBC驱动程序OEM:Oracle enterprise manager Oracle企业管理器OFA:optimal flexible architecture优化自由结构OLAP:online transaction processing 联机事务处理OLE Automation controller OLE 自动化控制器OLE Automation objects OLE 自动化对象OLE Automation server OLE 自动化服务器OLE DB consumer OLE DB使用者OMF:Oracle managed files Oracle管理文件one-to-many relationship 一对多关系one-to-one relationship 一对一关系online analytical processing (OLAP) 联机分析处理 (OLAP)online redo log 联机重做日志online transaction processing (OLTP) 联机事务处理 (OLTP)open data services (ODS) 开放式数据服务 (ODS)open database connectivity (ODBC)开放式数据库连接 (ODBC)open information model (OIM)开放信息模型 (OIM)optimize synchronization 优化同步optimizer 优化程序optional：可选的Oracle世界领先的信息管理软件开发商，因其复杂的关系数据库产品而闻名Oracle homes：Oracle主目录ORACLE_SID Oracle System Identifier 的缩写ordered set 有序集origin object 起始对象OUI:Oracle universal installer Oracle 通用安装程序outer join 外联接overfitting 过适page 页page split 页拆分parent 父代partition 分区partitioning 分区parts of speech 词性pass order 传递顺序passive voice 被动语态pass-through query 直接传递查询pass-through statement 直接传递语句persistence 持续性PGA：program global area 程序全局区phantom 幻像phrase 短语phrasing 句式physical name 物理名称physical reads 物理读取pivot 数据透视platform平台port 端口position 位置positioned update 定位更新possessive case 所有格precision 精度preconfigured 预配置的predicate 谓词prediction 预测prefix characters 前缀字符prefix length 前缀长度prefix search 前缀搜索preposition 介词preposition phrasing 介词句式prerequisite先决条件primary dimension table 主维度表primary key (PK) 主键 (PK) primary table 主表prioritized approach优先方法private dimension 专用维度privilege特权procedure cache 过程缓存process 处理producer 发生器project 工程pronoun 代词proper noun 专有名词property 属性property pages 属性页provider 提供程序proximity search 近似搜索publication 发布publication database 发布数据库publication retention period 发布保持期published data 已发布数据publisher 发布服务器publishing table 发布表pubs database pubs 数据库pull subscription 请求订阅push subscription 强制订阅query optimizer 查询优化器question Builder 问题生成器question file 问题文件question template 问题模板queue 队列ragged hierarchy 不齐整层次结构range query 范围查询rank 级raw device 裸设备real data type real 数据类型record 记录record set 记录集recovery 恢复recovery interval 恢复间歇recursive partitioning 递归分区redo log file 恢复日志文件referenced key 引用键referencing key 参照键referential integrity (RI) 引用完整性reflexive relationship 反身关系refresh data 刷新数据regular cube 常规多维数据集regular dimension 常规维度relational database 关系数据库relational database management system (RDBMS) 关系数据库管理系统 (RDBMS) relational OLAP (ROLAP) 关系OLAP relationship 关系relationship object 关系对象relationship type 关系类型remote data 远程数据remote Distributor 远程分发服务器remote login identification 远程登录标识remote partition 远程分区remote server 远程服务器remote stored procedure 远程存储过程remote table 远程表replicated data 已复制数据replication 复制replication conflict Viewer 复制冲突查看器replication monitor 复制监视器replication scripting 编写复制脚本replication topology 复制拓扑repository 知识库,数据贮存器repository engine 知识库引擎repository object 知识库对象repository SQL schema 知识库SQL架构repository type information model (RTIM) 知识库类型信息模型 (RTIM)resolution strategy 冲突解决策略response file响应文件restatement 复述result 结果result set 结果集return parameters 返回参数reusable bookmark 可再次使用的书签revoke 废除right outer join 右向外联接role 角色roll back 回滚roll forward 前滚root form 原形root user：根用户，超级用户row 行row aggregate function 行聚合函数row filter 行筛选row lock 行锁rowset 行集rule 规则sample data 示例数据save point 保存点scalar aggregate 标量聚合scheduled backup 已调度备份schedule：安排schema 架构schema rowset 架构行集Scott 演示用户，普通用户script 脚本scroll 滚动search condition 搜索条件security identifier 安全标识号security strategy安全策略seed database种子数据库segment段segmentation 分段select list 选择列表select query 选择查询self-join 自联接semantic object 语义对象semiadditive measure 半加法度量sensitive cursor 感知游标sequence 序列sequenced collection 顺序集合sequenced relationship 顺序关系serializable 可串行server cursor 服务器游标server name 服务器名称session 会话setup initialization file 安装程序初始化文件severity level 严重级别SGA:system global area 系统全局区shared dimension 共享维度shared lock 共享锁showplan 显示计划sibling 兄弟SID：System Identifier的缩写系统标识符single-user mode 单用户模式slice 切片smalldatetime data type smalldatetime 数据类型smallint data type smallint 数据类型smallmoney data type smallmoney 数据类型snapshot agent 快照代理程序snapshot agent utility 快照代理程序实用工具snapshot cursor 快照游标snapshot replication 快照复制solve order 求解次序sort order 排序次序source and target 源和目标source cube 源多维数据集source database 源数据库source object 源对象source partition 源分区sparsity 稀疏度specify inventory directory：指定存盘目录SQL:structured query language 结构化查询语言SQL collation SQL 排序规则SQL database SQL 数据库SQL expression SQL 表达式SQL Mail SQL 邮件SQL query SQL 查询SQL Server AuthenticationSQL Server 身份验证SQL Server Event Forwarding Server SQL Server 事件转发服务器SQL Server login SQL Server 登录SQL Server role SQL Server 角色SQL Server user SQL Server 用户SQL statement SQL 语句sql_variant data type sql_variant 数据类型stand-alone 独立，单机standard security 标准安全机制standby database备用数据库star join 星型联接star schema 星型架构statement permission 语句权限static cursor 静态游标static SQL statements 静态 SQL 语句step object 步骤对象storage structure存储结构store-and-forward database 保存与转发数据库stored procedure 存储过程string 字符串string functions 字符串函数structured query language (SQL)结构化查询语言 (SQL)structured storage file 结构化存储文件subject 主语subquery 子查询subscribe 订阅subscriber 订阅服务器subscribing server 订阅服务器subscription 订阅subscription database 订阅数据库subset 子集subset phrasing 子集句式subtask：子任务suite：一套superlative form 最高级synchronization 同步synonym 同义词syntax语法SYS 超级管理员SYSDBA 超级权限SYSTEM 普通管理员system administrator 系统管理员system catalog 系统目录system databases 系统数据库system functions 系统函数system stored procedures 系统存储过程system tables 系统表table 表table data type table 数据类型table lock 表锁table scan 表扫描tablespace 表空间table-level constraint 表级约束tabular data stream (TDS) 表格格式数据流 (TDS)tape backup 磁带备份target object 目标对象target partition 目标分区task 任务task object 任务对象tempdb database tempdb 数据库template模板temporary stored procedure 临时存储过程temporary table 临时表temporary tablespace 临时表空间text data type text 数据类型theta join theta 联接third-party service 第三方服务thread 线程time dimension 时间维度timestamp data type timestamp数据类型tinyint data type tinyint数据类型tool 工具trace file 跟踪文件training data set 培训数据集trait 特征trait phrasing 特征句式transaction 事务transaction log 事务日志transaction processing 事务处理transaction rollback 事务回滚transactional replication 事务复制Transact-SQL cursor Transact-SQL游标transformable subscription 可转换订阅transformation 转换trigger 触发器trusted connection 信任连接tuple 元组two-phase commit 两相提交unbalanced hierarchy 不均衡层次结构underlying table 基础表unenforced relationship 未强制关系Unicode collation Unicode 排序规则Unicode format Unicode 格式Union query 联合查询UNIQUE constraints UNIQUE 约束unique index 唯一索引uniqueidentifier data type uniqueidentifier 数据类型update 更新update lock 更新锁update query 更新查询update statistics 更新统计UPI:user program interface 用户程序接口user (account) 用户（帐户）user database 用户数据库user-defined data type 用户定义数据类型user-defined event 用户定义事件user-defined function 用户定义函数utility 实用工具value expression 值表达式varbinary data type varbinary 数据类型varchar data type varchar 数据类型variables 变量verb phrasing 动词句式verify 检查，校验vertical filtering 垂直筛选vertical partitioning 垂直分区very large dimension 超大型维度view 视图view generation 视图生成virtual cube 虚拟多维数据集virtual dimension 虚拟维度WHERE clause WHERE 子句wildcard characters 通配符字符wildcard search 通配符搜索word generation 字生成write back 写回write enable 写启用write-ahead log 预写日志XTerm：命令行终端。

数据库系统的一些专用词汇表(专业)

数据库系统的一些专用词汇表数据库系统的一些专用词汇表（（专业专业））· 数据（Data ）：反映客观世界的事实，并可以区分其特征的符号：字符、数字、文本、声音、图形、图像、图表、图片等，它们是现实世界中客观存在的，可以输入到计算机中进行存储和管理的。

· 信息（Information ）：由原始数据经加工提炼而成的、用于决定行为、计划或具有一定语义的数据称为信息。

· 数据库DB （Data Base ）：是现实世界中相互关联的大量数据及数据间关系的集合。

· 数据库管理系统DBMS （Data Base Management System ）：是对数据库中的数据进行存储和管理的软件系统。

包括存储、管理、检索和控制数据库中数据的各种语言和工具，是一套系统软件。

· 数据库系统DBS （Data Base System ）：是对数据库和数据库管理系统的总称。

是指相互关联的数据集合与操纵数据的软件工具集合。

DBS = DB+DBMS· 数据库应用程序接口API （Application Programming Interface ）：是由DBMS 为开发应用程序提供的操纵和访问数据库中数据的接口函数、过程或语言。

· 数据库应用程序AP （Application Program ）：满足某类用户要求的操纵和访问数据库的程序。

· 数据仓库（Data Warehouse ）一个数据仓库就是一个自带数据库的商业应用系统。

利用现有的数据资源，把数据转换为信息，从中挖掘出知识，提炼成智慧，创造出效益。

· 数据发掘（Data Mining ）数据发掘可帮助商业用户处理大量存在的数据，以期发现一些"意外的关系"，以便增加市场份额和利润。

·信息发掘（Information Mining）：信息发掘是指在文档、地图、照片、声音和影像之汪洋大海中发现相关信息，即面向内容的检索。

数据库常用英语词汇

数据库常用英语词汇1. 数据库(Database)A structured collection of data that is organized and accessible in various ways.2. 表(Table)A collection of related data organized in a grid format of rows and columns.3. 列(Column)A vertical section of a table, also known as a field, which represents a specific attribute or characteristic.4. 行(Row)A horizontal record in a table that contains data related to the attributes defined by the columns.5. 记录(Record)A collection of related data values that pertain to a specific entity or item.6. 主键(Primary Key)A unique identifier for each record in a table, used to ensure data integrity and facilitate data retrieval.7. 外键(Foreign Key)A field in one table that references the primary key in another table, establishing a relationship between the two tables.8. 数据类型(Data Type)A classification that determines the type of data that can be stored in a column, such as text, number, or date.9. 索引(Index)A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval by creating a reference to the specific location of data.10. 查询(Query)A request for specific information from a database, using a structured query language (SQL) or other methods.11. 更新(Update)The process of modifying or changing existing data in a database.12. 插入(Insert)The process of adding new data into a database.13. 删除(Delete)The process of removing data from a database.14. 连接(Join)15. 视图(View)16. 备份(Backup)A copy of the database or specific data created to ensure data availability and integrity in case of data loss or failure.17. 恢复(Restore)The process of restoring a backup copy of a database to recover lost or damaged data.18. 安全性(Security)The measures taken to protect a database from unauthorized access, data breaches, or other security risks.19. 触发器(Trigger)A database object that automatically executes a set of actions in response to specific events or changes in data.20. 事务(Transaction)A sequence of database operations that are treated as a single unitof work, ensuring consistency and integrity of data.以上是数据库常用英语词汇的简要介绍，希望能对您有所帮助！。

数据库词汇表

词汇表AActiveX 数据对象(ActiveX Data Objects)一种易于使用的应用程序接口(API)，该接口将OLE DB 封装以用于Visual Basic、用于应用程序的Visual Basic、Active Server Pages 和Microsoft Internet Explorer Visual Basic 脚本等语言中。

ActiveX 数据对象（多维）(ADO MD) (ActiveX Data Objects (Multidimensional) (ADO MD))一种高级的、不依赖语言的基于对象的数据访问接口的集合，该集合为多维数据应用程序进行了优化。

Visual Basic 及其它一些自动化语言将ADO MD 用作多维数据存储的数据访问接口。

ADO MD 是ADO 2.0 及更高版本的一部分。

ADO (ADO)参见定义：ActiveX 数据对象ADO MD (ADO MD)参见定义：ActiveX 数据对象（多维）(ADO MD)安全标识号(SID) (Security Identifier (SID))标识登录到安全系统上的用户的唯一值。

SID 可以标识一个或一组用户。

暗示性权限(implied permission)执行针对角色的活动的权限。

暗示性权限不能授权、废除或拒绝。

按位运算(bitwise operation)操作单个位或测试某一位是开还是关的运算。

安装程序初始化文件(Setup initialization file)使用Windows .ini 文件格式的一种文本文件，存储允许在不必有用户响应安装程序提示的情况下安装SQL Server 的配置信息。

ANSI (ANSI)参见定义：美国国家标准学会(ANSI)ANSI 到OEM 转换(ANSI to OEM conversion)当数据从使用特定代码页存储字符数据的数据库传输到使用不同代码页的计算机上的客户端应用程序时必定发生的字符转换。

数据库词汇

数据库设计词汇对照表:1. Access method（访问方法）：此步骤包括从文件中存储和检索记录。

2. Alias（别名）：某属性的另一个名字。

在SQL中，可以用别名替换表名。

3. Alternate keys（备用键，ER/关系模型）：在实体/表中没有被选为主健的候选键。

4. Anomalies（异常）参见更新异常（update anomalies）5. Application design（应用程序设计）：数据库应用程序生命周期的一个阶段，包括设计用户界面以及使用和处理数据库的应用程序。

6. Attribute（属性）（关系模型）：属性是关系中命名的列。

7. Attribute（属性）（ER模型）：实体或关系中的一个性质。

8. Attribute inheritance（属性继承）：子类成员可以拥有其特有的属性，并且继承那些与超类有关的属性的过程。

9. Base table（基本表）：一个命名的表，其记录物理的存储在数据库中。

10. Binary relationship（二元关系）：一个ER术语，用于描述两个实体间的关系。

例如，panch Has Staff。

11. Bottom-up approach（自底向上方法）：用于数据库设计，一种设计方法学，他从标识每个设计组建开始，然后将这些组件聚合成一个大的单元。

在数据库设计中，可以从表示属性开始底层设计，然后将这些属性组合在一起构成代表实体和关系的表。

12. Business rules（业务规则）：由用户或数据库的管理者指定的附加规则。

13. Candidate key（候选键，ER关系模型）：仅包含唯一标识实体所必须得最小数量的属性/列的超键。

14. Cardinality（基数）：描述每个参与实体的可能的关系数目。

15. Centralized approach（集中化方法,用于数据库设计）：将每个用户试图的需求合并成新数据库应用程序的一个需求集合16. Chasm trap（深坑陷阱）：假设实体间存在一根，但某些实体间不存在通路。

数仓中指标-标签，维度-度量，自然键-代理键等各名词术语深度解析

数仓中指标-标签，维度-度量，⾃然键-代理键等各名词术语深度解析作为⼀个数据⼈，是不是经常被各种名词围绕，是不是对其中很多概念认知模糊。

有些词虽然只有⼀字之差，但是它们意思完全不同，今天我们就来了解下数仓建设及数据分析时常见的⼀些概念含义及它们之间的关系。

本⽂结构如下图所⽰：⼀、数仓中常见概念解析1.实体实体是指依附的主体，就是我们分析的⼀个对象，⽐如我们分析商品的销售情况，如华为⼿机近半年的销售量是多少，那华为⼿机就是⼀个实体；我们分析⽤户的活跃度，⽤户就是⼀个实体。

当然实体也可以现实中不存在的，⽐如虚拟的业务对象，活动，会员等都可看做⼀个实体。

实体的存在是为了业务分析，作为分析的⼀个筛选的维度，拥有描述⾃⼰的属性，本⾝具有可分析的价值。

2.维度维度就是看待问题的⾓度，分析业务数据，从什么⾓度分析，就建⽴什么样的维度。

所以维度就是要对数据进⾏分析时所⽤的⼀个量，⽐如你要分析产品销售情况，你可以选择按商品类别来进⾏分析，这就构成⼀个维度，把所有商品类别集合在⼀起，就构成了维度表。

3.度量度量是业务流程节点上的⼀个数值。

⽐如销量，价格，成本等等。

事实表中的度量可分为三类：完全可加，半可加，不可加。

1.完全可加的度量是最灵活，最有⽤的，⽐如说销量，销售额等，可进⾏任意维度汇总；2.半可加的度量可以对某些维度汇总，但不能对所有维度汇总，差额是常见的半可加度量，它除了时间维度外，可以跨所有维度进⾏加法操作；3.还有⼀种是完全不可加的，例如：⽐率。

对于这类⾮可加度量，⼀种好的⽅法是，尽可能存储⾮可加度量的完全可加分量，并在计算出最终的⾮可加事实前，将这些分量汇总到最终的结果集中。

4.粒度粒度就是业务流程中对度量的单位，⽐如商品是按件记录度量，还是按批记录度量。

在数仓建设中，我们说这是⽤户粒度的事实表，那么表中每⾏数据都是⼀个⽤户，⽆重复⽤户；例如还有销售粒度的表，那么表中每⾏都是⼀条销售记录。

选择合适的粒度级别是数据仓库建设好坏的重要关键内容，在设计数据粒度时，通常需重点考虑以下因素：1.要接受的分析类型、可接受的数据最低粒度和能存储的数据量；2.粒度的层次定义越⾼，就越不能在该仓库中进⾏更细致的分析；3.如果存储资源有⼀定的限制，就只能采⽤较⾼的数据粒度划分；4.数据粒度划分策略⼀定要保证：数据的粒度确实能够满⾜⽤户的决策分析需要，这是数据粒度划分策略中最重要的⼀个准则。