定语从句详解例句

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
注意：
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：
look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
Attributive Clause
一、定义
定语从句：
修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。
关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
1关系代词：
在定语从句中担任主、xx、表、定语成分
2关系副词：
在定语从句中担任状语成分
关系词3个功能：
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
四、关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still rember the day when I first came to the school.
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如„„，正像„„”的意思
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
1.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；要用whom，不用who。
2.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom,不用that，也不能省略。
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
先行词是人时，关系代词是：
who, whom, that, as
先行词是物时，关系代词是：
which, that, whose, as
关系副词有：
when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)关系副词=介词+ which / whom
定语从句分为两种：
限制性与非限制性。先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号隔开则为非限制性，且一般由which引导。
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4.当形容词被the very, the only, the last修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as引导。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
1.连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；
2.担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；
3.替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）。
关系代词在定语从句中充当
主语的是：
who, that, which, as
宾语的是：
who, whom, that, which, as
定语的是：
whose, which
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.
难点分析
（一）只能用that不用which
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
3.当先行次由such, the same修饰时，常用as
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.