第二章 国际结算中的票据

Uniform law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes of Geneva of 1930
United

Nations 1988
Convention Providing a Uniform Law for International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes and Convention Providing a Uniform law for International Checks
举例： 甲交给乙一张经付款银行承兑的期票，作为向乙订货的 预付款，乙在票据上背书后转让给丙以偿还原欠丙的借款， 丙于到期日向承兑银行提示取款，恰遇当地法院公告该行 于当天起进行破产清理，因而被退票。丙随即向甲追索， 甲以乙所交货物质次为由予以拒绝，并称已于10天前通知 银行止付，止付通知及止付理由也已通知了乙。在此情况 下丙再向乙追索。乙以票据系甲开立为由推诿不理。丙遂 向法院起诉，被告为甲、乙与银行三方。 你认为法院将如何判决？ 甲、乙的拒付理由不成立，银行已破产清理，只需向 甲、乙追索即可。
Chapter two Negotiable instruments

§1 General introduction
§2 Bill of Exchange/Draft
§3 Promissory Note
§4 Check
§1

General introduction
1.1 What is a negotiable instrument? 1.2 Forms of circulation 1.3 Characteristics of negotiable instruments 1.4 Functions of negotiable instruments 1.5 Parties to a negotiable instrument 1.6 Title to a negotiable instrument 1.7 Negotiable instrument laws
Negotiable
Instrument Law of People’s Republic of China
§2 Bill of exchange

2.1 Concept
2.2 Essential items required in a bill of exchange 2.3 Acts relating to a bill of exchange 2.4 Classification of bills of exchange
汇票是由一个人（drawer）
向另一个人签发的(drawee)/受票人
无条件的 unconditonal 书面命令order in writing 要求其在见票时或在未来某一规定的或可以 确定的时间(tenor) 将一定金额的款项支付给某一特定的人或指 定的人，或持票人(payee)

出票人 drawer
付款人 payer/drawee
收款人 payee
背书人 endorser
承兑人 acceptor 持票人 holder
§1
General introduction
1.6 Titles related
Claim for payment Recourse
Involved parties：transferor、 transferee、 original obligor Including :share certificate, life policies, etc

交付转让(transfer) 准流通或半流通
Negotiating by delivery or endorsement and delivery; No need to give notice Affected by the defects of the title of the transferor


Requisite in form
Literally determined content Presenting for payment
案例 1997年8月，某市A公司与新加坡B商签订了一份进口胶 合板的合同。合同总金额为700万美元，支付方式为付款交 单，允许分批装运。第一批价值为60万美元的胶合板准时 到货。就在第二批交货期来临之际，B商向A公司提出：鉴 于贵公司资金周转困难，为了帮助贵方，我方允许贵公司 采取远期付款。 贵公司作为买方，可以给我方开出一张见 票后一年付款700万美元的汇票，请中国人民建设银行某市 分行承兑。承兑后，我方保证将700万美元的胶合板在一年 内交货。贵方全部收货后，再付给我方700万美元的货款。 A公司以为现在不付款，只开张远期票据就可得到货物在国 内市场销售，于是欣然接受了B商的建议，给B商签发了一 张见票后一年付款700万美元的汇票。

对于这张远期票据，A公司为出票人，B商为收款人， 建行某市分行为付款人。A公司与B商之间的胶合板买 卖合同是该票据的原因关系，使得A公司愿意向B商开 立这张汇票。A公司曾经向建行某市分行提供了资金， 它们之间的这种资金关系使得建行某市分行愿意向A公 司提供信用，承兑了这张远期汇票。美国银行与B商之 间有对价关系，美国银行善意地付了600万美元的对价 而受让，从而成为这张汇票的善意持票人。
Here the bill of exchange is an unconditional
order in writing addressed by __1__to
__2___signed by _____ giving it requiring _____ to whom it is addressed to pay _____ the sum of _____to _____.
Involved parties：transferor、 transferee 流通转让(negotiation) 完全流通 transferabl by delivery and /or endorsement --holder in due course is unaffected by any defects of the title of the transferor or any other prior parties.

§1
General introduction
1.1 The meaning of negotiable instrument
in a broad sense, a negotiable instrument refers to any commercial title ownership. in a restricted sense, a negotiable instrument is a written document that contains an unconditional promise by the drawer to pay the payee or an unconditional order by the drawer to the drawee to pay the payee a fixed amount of money at a definite time.
§1
General introduction
1.4 functions
payment instrument transferable instrument
credit instrument
financing instrument
§1
General introduction
1.5 parties involved
但A公司始料不及的是，B商将这张承兑了的远期票据在新加 坡的美国银行贴现600万美元。从此却一张胶合板都不交给A 公司。 一年后，新加坡的美国银行持这张承兑了的远期票据 请建行某市分行付款。尽管B商没有交货，某市分行却不得 以此为理由拒绝向善意持票人美国银行支付票据金额。最后， 由于本案金额巨大，报请国务院批准，由建行某市分行付给 美国银行600万美元而结案。
§1
General introduction
protect the holder for value who has good faith 1.3 characteristics
transferable by delivery and/or endorsement;


Negotiability
Non-causative


2.5 Practice of bills of exchange
§2 Bill of exchange
2.1 definition

section 3, bill of exchange act, 1882,UK
A Bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed (drawee) to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or the order of a specified person or to bearer.
Only when the claim of holder for
payment can’t be satisfied, can
recourse right be effected.
1.7 Legal system concerning negotiable instruments
British

§1
General introduction
1.2 forms of circulation 过户转让（assignment）
-In written form -Give notice of transfer to original obligor -Affected by the defects of the title of the transferor

The holder of this bill is _____ who firstly
present it to _____ for acceptance. At
举例说明： 甲欠乙 100 元而出具以乙为债权人的字据给 乙，让其凭字据找丙去取，同时乙原来曾欠丙 30 元未还，随后乙将此字据又转让给丁。问丁 能否从丙处获得全额款项？ 如是字据，按民法原则，丙可采取将其对乙 的 30 元债权转让给丁的办法来冲抵而只需付 70 。 如是票据，按票据法原则，必须全额付款， 而不能用乙的权利缺陷来对抗丁的正当票据权 利。

and USA legal system
UK Bills of Exchange Act of 1882
British law
US Uniform Commercial Code of 1962, Article 3
Fra Baidu bibliotek
Continental


legal system
French and German law

但票据的最大特点就是，票据法律关系一经形成，即与 基础关系相分离。票据基础关系的存在和有效与否并不 对善意持票人的票据权利而产生影响。所以，B商实际 上没有交货，或者A公司并没有足够的美元存在建行， 都不影响美国银行对承兑人的付款请求权。对美国银行 来说，这张票据上并没有写胶合板，只有一句话：“见 票后一年付700万美元”。票据法律关系应依票据法的 规定加以解决，票据基础关系则应以民法规定加以解决。 B商正是利用了票据的特性才行骗得逞的。