高考名词词义辨析的主要形式

高考英语名词词义辨析考点

1．形似词的词义辨析

(1)symptom症状

similarity 类似，相似

sample 样本，标本

shadow 影子

(湖北高考) It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom.

定期检查你的眼睛对核查是否有眼部疾病的迹象很重要，这些眼部疾病可能没有任何症状。

(2)pattern模式，模板

procedure 程序，手续，步骤

program 节目

perspective 态度，观点

(湖北高考) The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct procedure in applying for a visa.

那位官员坚持认为迈克尔在申请签证时没有遵循正确的程序。

2．相似词缀的名词辨析

expression表达，表示，表情

attention 注意，留心

satisfaction 满意，满足

impression 印象

(山东高考) My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.

我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。

3.意义相近词的辨析

(1)strength 长处

talent 才华，天赋

ability 能力

skill 技能

(福建高考) Well, you know, English is my strength. So it is my best choice.

噢，你知道，英语是我的强项。因此这是我最好的选择。

(2)anger 生气，愤怒

rudeness 粗鲁

regret 遗憾，后悔

panic 恐慌，惊恐

(湖北高考) “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted, with panic clearly in her voice.

“汤米，跑！快跑！房子着火了！”妈妈大喊道，声音里明显带着恐慌。

4．无一定关联性的名词词义辨析

operation 操作，手术

growth 增长

performance 表现，表演

character 性格，特色，角色，人物

(浙江高考)Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.

如果你养成思考怎样学习的习惯，作为一名学生，你的表现将会是非常优秀的。

二、名词的固定搭配

1．动词have, take, make, pay, play, put, give等加名词构成的短

语

have a good reputation 有个好的名声

have an idea of 了解

have a sense of 有……意识

have a feeling of 有……感觉

have access to 可以获得

take advantage of 利用，趁……之机

make fun of 取笑，嘲弄

make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理

get relief 得到缓解

give solution 给出解决方案

(江苏高考)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.

那个医生善于治疗心脏病，并且从来不接受病人的礼物，所以他有非常好的名声。

2．介词后加名词构成的短语

in great demand 需求量很大

in quantity 大量，大批

in progress 在进行中

in production 在产量方面

out of one's reach 手不能及

out of touch 与……无联系

out of sight 看不见

beyond recognition 辨认不出来

(全国卷Ⅱ) The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great demand in this city.