英语单项知识的讲解与练习(121)

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（121）601. effect的用法effect效果、作用。

例句：①The aspirins soon took effect.服下的阿司匹林药片很快见效了。

②The advertising campaign didn't have much effect on sales.这些广告攻势对销售额并没有起到多大作用。

③Doctors cannot effect a cure if the disease has spread too far.假如这种疾病已扩散得厉害，医生也无法妙手回春。

④The temperature often effects a change of the state of matter.温度常常引起物态的变化。

短语：in effect 实际上、事实上；be of no effect/ without effect 无效；be in/ come/ go into effect生效、实行、实施；have an effect on=have an influence on=have an impact on 对……有影响; put/bring/carry ...into effect 付诸实施; take effect生效；奏效; come into effect 开始实施;开始生效; effect a settlement of a dispute解决争端；effect an insurance policy取得保险单；effect reforms 实行改革；effect the greatest economy力求节约；effect of time for news新闻时效性；effect on对…有效果；用法：①effect作“结果,影响”“感受,印象”等解时,既可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词; 作“个人财产,财物”解时常用复数形式。

②effect一般用作及物动词,表示“引起”“实现”“使生效”,接名词或代词作宾语。

可用于被动结构。

练习：①When the first radio messages from the astronaut in the spaceship have been received, the ___ of the trip to outer space will be announced immediately.A. causesB. effectsC. resultsD. conclusion②It is thought that oversleep has a bad ___ on one’s health.A. effortB. effectC. benefitD. disadvantage③Punishment had very little ___ on him.A. an effectB. effectC. effectsD. effort④The new rule was ___ at once the moment it was made.A. put into effectB. brought into effectC. carried into effectD. all the above⑤Punishment had very little ___ on him.A. affectB. effortC. effectD. effects⑥The conference had been held to discuss the effects of tourism ___ the wildlife in the area.A. inB. onC. atD. with⑦The new law will come into ___ on the day it is passed.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence602. effort的用法effort努力、艰难的尝试。

例句：①They are making every effort to decrease the production cost.他们正尽力减少生产成本。

②All my efforts were fruitless.我所有的努力都白费了。

③It doesn't need much effort. 那不需要太多的精力。

④His effort to reform her at length succeeded. 他要改造她的努力最终成功了。

⑤This is his effort at depicting the peasants. 这是他描写农民的作品。

短语：make an effort/ make efforts (不用：the) to do something/ on something努力；spare no efforts 不遗余力；without effort 毫不费力地；put effort into something/ doing something致力于、在某事上下功夫；after one's effort 经过努力后；by one's efforts 靠努力；with effort 费力地；用法：①effort的基本意思是“力气”“努力”,指做某事所使用的力气和努力,作此解时只用作单数形式,引申表示“努力”“奋斗”,指费力做某事或艰苦的尝试,作此解时是可数名词。

②effort还可表示“努力的事例”“努力的成果”,即“作品”“成就”,为可数名词。

③effort表示“努力”时,其后可接动词不定式作其定语,偶尔也可接介词短语作定语。

④effort指“努力”时，后面跟不定式。

如：His effort to reform her at length succeeded.他为改变她作出努力最后取得了成功。

⑤effort指“作品”时，后面跟at和动名词或名词。

如：This is his effort at depicting the peasants.这是他描绘农民的一幅作品。

⑥effort指“努力”时，是抽象名词，不可直接用于make后。

只能以an effort，efforts，every efforts等形式出现；练习：①I’ll ___ to make up for the lost time.A. make a good effortB. make every effortC. make effortsD. all the above②The boy has much strength. He can lift the rock without ___.A. effectB. effortC. affordD. affect③To the joy of his parents, the boy was ___ to achieve his goal.A. making every effortsB. making all effortC. made an effortD. sparing no effort④Please go on trying. I’m sure the efforts you are ___ will pay off.A. doingB. givingC. makingD. sparing603. end的用法end末尾、终点、结束。

例句：①The battle finally brought the war to an end.这一仗使这场战争终告结束。

②At the end of the film, the hero wept bitterly.在影片的结尾，主人公伤心地哭了。

③The debate ended in uproar.那场争辩以大吵大闹收场。

④They ended the party off with a song.他们唱支歌结束了晚会。

短语：end up with something以……结束；the ends of the earth天涯海角；to that end为了那个目的；to the end到底；about to end即将告终；make ends meet = make both/ two ends meet使收支相抵、量入为出；at an end完毕了、结束了(作表语)；come to an end 结束；save money to this end为这个目的存钱；an end to war战争的结束；end of one's work工作结束；end of the world天涯海角,天南地北；end of the year年底；end to end两头相接,衔接,不断地；用法：①end既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,在用作不及物动词时,常常与介词或副词构成短语; 用作及物动词时,通常接名词或代词作宾语。

可用于被动结构。

②end后常可接副词以加强语气。

end up后可接“as+名词”、形容词、现在分词、过去分词和介词短语。

③end还可作“目的”解,是可数名词,说“达到目的”时常可与accomplish, achieve, attain, compass, gain, obtain, reach, secure, win等动词连用。

end作“结局”“结果”解时可加不定冠词。

④end up (in a job) 最后(做某事)、终于(成为），含有最终结局不好之意；up可省，后接with，强调用工具结束；后接in，强调用某种状态结束。

如：If you drive your car like that, you’ll end up in hospital. 后接as，指用怎样的身份结束。

如：He ended up as manager of the firm. 比较：at the end of 在……的最后（结尾）、在……尽头（末端），表示具体或抽象时间、地点的端点，常与过去式或将来式连用，后可接时间的点或段。

如：At the end of the term we shall have another exam.at the end 可作表语，意为“完毕了、结束了”。

如：The war is at the end.by the end of 截止到……、到……末为止，常与完成时连用。

如：By the end of last term we had learned a thousand new words.in the end 最后、终于，表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况后某事才发生。