初中英语易混词辨析

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初中英语易混词辨析.

中考常考同义词或词组

同近义词或词组的辨析题,不仅在平时测验、周考、月考

中常出,也是中考的一个重要考察点,平时我们就应该注意这些词的不同用法以及一些固定搭配,这样不仅对平时成绩有帮助,也会在中考时起一定的作用,下面我们就逐步的总结一下这些重要的常考的同近义词:1.spend, pay, cost, take

(1) spend vt. “花费”,主语只能是人;

常用结构:

sb. spend 时间/钱 on sth. “在…上花时间/金钱

sb. spend 时间/钱 (in) doing sth. “在做某事上花费时间/金钱”eg: I spend two hours on my homework every day.

=I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day.

spend 还有“度过”的意思。此外,※

常用结构:with sb.

spend…。 's friends“和朋友一起度假”eg: spend one's holiday with one (2) pay vt. & vi. “花费,付款”,主语只能是人;常用结构:“某人为某物付钱” sb. pay 钱 for sth.

“某人付钱给某人”= sb. pay钱 to sb. 钱sb, pay sb.

我们必须付他10美元。eg: We must pay him 10 dollars.

= She paid 100 dollars for her new shoes.

,主语是物,(3) cost vt.“花费”常用结构:

sth. cost sb钱“某物花费某人多少钱”- 2 -

eg: This dictionary cost me 50 yuan.

=I spent 50 yuan on this dictionary.

=I paid 50 yuan for this dictionary.

※此外,cost还有“值多少钱”的意思。

常用结构:

sth. cost 钱

eg: This book cost 20 yuan. 这本书值20元钱。

※ cost 还可作名词,“成本,费用”。。

固定搭配:at all costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何

eg: I'll do it well at all costs. 无论如何我都要把这件事做好。※※ cost 的过去式是本身,做题时一定要注意句子是什么时态,前后搭配要

一致。

常见的过去式是本身的动词:cost, put, cut, read

(4) take 当“花费”讲时,主语是物,

常用结构:

It takes sb.时间/钱 to do sth.

eg: It took me two hours to write this composition.

= I spend two hours (in) writing this composition.

2.arrive, get to, reach

(1) 这三个词都有“到达”的意思,但arrive为不及物动词,后接地点名词时

要加介词,reach和get to后面直接跟表示地点的名词,

常用结构:

arrive in + 大地方(名词)

arrive at + 小地方(名词)

get to + 地点(名词)

reach + 地点(名词)

Eg: arrive in Beijing = get to Beijing = reach Beijing

- 3 -

Arrive at the station = get to station = reach the starion

※ (2) arrive 和 get to 后接地点副词时,arrive后不加介词,get to 去掉to,

Eg: arrive home/here/there = get home/here/there

※初中常见的地点副词有home, here, there.

※※三者只有arrive可以不加地点。

如:“我们明天到”,只能用 We will arrive tommorrow.

3.wear, put on, dress, have on, be in, be dressed in

put on 和 dress 表穿动作,其他的都表示状态。

(1) put on “穿上,戴上”,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等,

※宾语为代词时,要放在put on之间,如:put them on, put it on. eg: It's very cold outside. Please put on your overcoat.

※※反义短语为take off,注意一定不是put off.

(2) wear 常指“穿着”、“戴着”的状态,宾语是衣服、鞋帽等。它还有“留(长发),蓄(胡子)”等意思,

eg: wear blue shoes/glasses/a new hat/a watch/new clothes (3) dress + sb. / oneself “给某人穿衣服”,宾语不能是“衣服”,只能是“人”,

eg: The mother dresses her baby every morning.

(4)have on 指状态,不用进行时,因为它本身就有进行时的含义:“有…在身上”,

eg: He always has his cap on, 他总是戴着帽子。

(5)be in, be dressed in 后面不仅可接“衣服”,还可接“颜色”,这是与前面几个词和短语的用法不同的。

eg: She is always (dresses) in red. 她总穿红衣服。

4.few, a few, little, a little, a bit, a bit of

这几个词分成几对来比较:

(1) a few few

- 4 -

little

a little

)

( 只能横向比较和竖向比较

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