简明语言学教程 Chapter_7_Change ppt

Sound Change Morphological & Syntactic Change Lexical Change & Semantic Change Causes of the Language Change Exercises
Introduction
a. Old English古 代英语 (449-1066) Beowulf, an Anglo-Saxon epic poem, the most important work of Old English literature
L Change (Historical linguistics)
Historical linguistics is the a branch of linguistics, is mainly concerned with both the description and explanation of language change. Diachronic linguistics
沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王，至 鸿门，谢曰：“臣与将军戮力而攻秦， 将军战河北，臣战河南，然不自意能 先入关破秦，得复见将军于此。今者 有小人之言，令将军与臣有郤（xì） （同“隙”，隔阂。）。”项王曰： “此沛公左司马曹无伤言之；不然， 籍何以至此?”项王即日因留沛公与饮。 《史记》
Phonological changes
The Great Vowel Shift
i: ai
au
u:
əu
ei
ɔ
e a:
Mice [mi:s] [mais]
Mouse [mu:s] [maus]
b) Sound loss
Some sounds in English have simply disappeared from the general pronunciation of English.
Middle English Modern English
Five
fi:v
faiv
mouse mu:s
maUs
feet
fe:t
fi:t
mood m : d
mu:d
break br Z : ken
breik
broke br C: ken
br EU k
Name na:me
neim
Fra Baidu bibliotek
Sound Change
The key pronunciation features of the Great Vowel Shift are the following:
Vowel raising, Vowel fronting, Diphthongization
Sound/phonological change: systematic; regular pattern of pronunciation changes
a) Vowel sound change
Great Vowel Shift元音大换位, which occurred at the end of the Middle English period, approximately between 1400 and 1600 and which involved 7 long vowels, led to one of the major disagreements between the pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English. For example:
The most dramatic change that English underwent included the vowels as illustrated in the examples. (P. 94)
Sound Change
The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in the pronunciation of the English language that took place in England between 1350 and 1500.
Among all the changes in language, either subtle or obvious, changes at phonological level are particularly noticeable and varied. Some common types of sound changes can be distinguished and recognized, which makes it possible to work out patterns of pronunciation changes throughout the history of the English language.
① the identification of the changes enables us to reconstruct the linguistic history of that language, hypothesizes its earlier forms.
② it also enables us to determine how non-linguistic factors, such as social, cultural and psychological factors, interact over time to trigger linguistic change.
b. Middle English中世纪英语 (1066-1500) Chaucer, Shakespeare
c. Modern English 现代英语 (1500-present)
Introduction
It is a fact that all languages change through time, though they do so rather slowly.