材料科学与基础英文词汇

材料科学基础名称与术语

第一章绪论

材料科学基础常用英语词汇

材料的类型Typesofmaterials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer

部分材料性质复习Reviewofselectedpropertiesofmaterials,电导率和电阻率conductivityandresistivity,热导率thermalconductivity,应力和应变stressandstrain,弹性应变elasticstrain,塑性应变plasticstrain,屈服强度yieldstrength,最大抗拉强度ultimatetensilestrength,最大强度ultimatestrength, 延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,

断面收缩率reductionofarea,颈缩necking,断裂强度breakingstrength,韧性toughness,

硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatiguestrength,蜂窝honeycomb,热脆性heatshortness,

晶胞中的原子数atomspercell,点阵参数latticeparameter,密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,体心立方body-centeredcubic,面心立方face-centeredcubic,弥勒指数Millerindices,晶面crystalplane,晶系crystalsystem,

晶向crystaldirection,相变机理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growthtransition,斯宾那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition, 马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,

成核机理nucleationmechanism,成核势垒nucleationbarrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleusofcrystal,（金属组织的）基体quay,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,子晶，雏晶mattedcrystal,耔晶，晶种seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation, 籽晶生长seededgrowth,均质核化homogeneousnucleation,异质核化heterogeneousnucleation,

均匀化热处理homogenizationheattreatment,熟料grog,

自恰场self-consistentfield固溶体Solidsolution:

有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution,无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution,有序合金orderedalloy,无序合金disorderedalloy.无序点阵disorderedlattice,分散，扩散，弥散dispersal,分散剂dispersant, 分散剂，添加剂dispersantadditive,分散剂，弥散剂dispersantagent缺陷defect,imperfection,点缺陷pointdefect,

线缺陷linedefect,dislocation,面缺陷interfacedefect,surfacedefect,体缺陷volumedefect,

位错排列dislocationarrangement,位错阵列dislocationarray,位错气团dislocationatmosphere, 位错胞dislocationcell,位错爬移dislocationclimb,

位错滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,位错聚结dislocationcoalescence,位错核心能量dislocationcoreenergy,位错裂纹dislocationcrack,位错阻尼dislocationdamping,位错密度dislocationdensity,体积膨胀volumedilation,体积收缩volumeshrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,

退火的，软化的softened, 软化退火，软化（处理）softening,淬火quenching,

淬火硬化quenchinghardening,正火normalizing,normalization,退火织构annealingtexture,人工时效artificialaging,细长比aspectratio,形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体martensite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maragingsteel,渗碳体cementite,

固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening,钢屑混凝土steelchipsconcrete,水玻璃，硅酸钠sodiumsilicate,水玻璃粘结剂sodiumsilicatebinder,

硅酸钠类防水剂sodiumsilicatewaterproofingagent,扩散diffusion,扩散系数diffusivity,相变phasetransition,烧结sintering,

固相反应solid-phasereaction,

相图与相结构phasediagramsandphasestructures,相phase,组分component,自由度freedom,

相平衡phaseequilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule,吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy, 吉布斯混合能Gibbsenergyofmixing,吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy,吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction,相平衡