中山大学语言学考研真题及参考答案(2011,2013)【圣才出品】

11．中山大学语言学考研真题及参考答案（2011，2013）

中山大学2013年语言学考研真题

考试科目：语言学概论C（用英文考试）

I. Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary. (10 points)

Example: find —/faind/, beneath —/bi'ni: θ/

1. empirical

2. plagiarize

3. compound

4. finite

5. clause

6. phonemics

7. threatened

8. epiphenomenon

9. beta

10. generic

【答案】

1. empirical — / /

2. plagiarize —/ /

3. compound —//

4. finite — //

5. clause — //

6. phonemics — //

7. threatened — //

8. epiphenomenon — //

9. beta — //

10. generic — //

II. Fill in the following blanks. (15 points)

1. ______ means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.

【答案】Displacement

2. ______ are produced “by a closure in the vocal tract, or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction”.

【答案】Consonants

3. The systematic study of morpheme is a branch of linguistics called ______, which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.

【答案】morphology

4. Cohesiveness can be realized by employing various cohesive devices: conjunction, ellipsis, lexical collocation, lexical repetition, ______, substitution, etc. 【答案】reference

5. American Structuralism is a branch of ______ linguistics that emerged in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.

【答案】synchronic

6. The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as ______.

【答案】interlanguage

7. ______ found that Q-based implicatures can be readily cancelled by metalinguistic negation, which does not affect what is said, but R-based implicatures cannot. 【答案】Horn

8. The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of ______.

【答案】compositionality

9. During the whole 20th century, a great deal of efforts has been taken to treat the inquiry of linguistics as a ______ or autonomous pursuit of an independent science.

【答案】monistic

10. In cognitive terms, ______ is the use of elements of subject’s situatedness to

designate something in the scene.

【答案】deixis

11. According to ______ (1996), the speech presentation continuum may have the

following possibilities: direct speech, indirect speech, narrator’s representation of speech acts and narrator’s representation of speech.

【答案】Short

12. With the help of ______ linguistics, recently research has moved into the area of

example-based machine translation. The method uses correct translation as a principal source of information for the creation of new ones.

【答案】computational

13. In the IPA chart, the sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.

The consonants are then divided into pulmonic and ______ consonants.