医学专业词汇(消化系统)
消化系统(NXPowerLite)
1、消化酶 2、促细胞生长与分化因子 3、内环境稳定因子 4、细胞内调节因子
外分泌部 exocrine
胰 腺 pancreas
内分泌部 endocrine
胰腺外分泌部的结构特点： 为纯浆液腺，与腮腺相似，但有下列特点： 1、基膜与腺细胞间无肌上皮细胞； 2、可见泡心细胞； 3、闰管长，无纹状管；
窦周隙
• 窦周隙也称Disse间隙，即血 窦内皮细胞与肝细胞之间的小间 隙，在肝小叶内互相连通，内有 贮脂细胞（Ito 细胞）。
• 贮脂细胞是一种有突起的不 规则细胞，能储存脂肪和脂溶性 维生素并能产生胶原，与肝纤维 增生性病变的发生有关。
• 窦周隙是肝细胞与血液进行 物质交换的场所。
胆小管
混合性腺泡：浆液性腺细胞和粘液性腺细 胞共同组成。常见浆半月。
闰管：管径小，单立或单扁上皮。
纹状管：单高柱上皮，核顶部，胞质嗜酸性， 基部有垂直纵纹，吸钠排钾，吸水排水。
小叶间导管 假复层柱上皮，行于小叶间； 和总导管 近口腔开口处为复扁上皮。
腮腺 Parotid Gland
舌下腺 Sublingual Gland
4、从小叶内导管至主导管，上皮由单立渐变 为单柱和高单柱。 成人每天分泌1500~3000ml胰液，呈碱性， pH 7.8~8.4.
胰 岛（内分泌部）
•分布于腺泡之间，由内分泌细胞构成的大小不一的细胞 团，由A、B、D、PP四种细胞组成。
A 细胞
数量比例 20%
B 细胞
70%
D 细胞
5%
PP 细胞
•在每个肝小叶的中央，有 一条沿肝小叶长轴走行的静 脉，称中央静脉，收集肝血 窦来的血液，汇入下腔静脉。
内皮细胞 中央静脉 巨噬细胞
消化系统名词解释总结
消化系统名词解释：1.上消化道：临床上把从口腔到十二指肠的这段消化管称上消化道（口腔、咽、食管、胃、十二指肠）2.咽峡：腭垂、两侧的腭舌弓和舌根共同围成咽峡，是口腔与咽的分界处3.咽隐窝：咽鼓管圆枕后方与咽后壁之间有一纵行凹陷。
是鼻咽癌的好发部位4.麦氏点：阑尾根部的体表投影在脐与右骼前上棘连线的中、外1/3交点处。
5.齿状线：肛柱下端与肛瓣边缘共同连成锯齿状的环状线。
是皮肤和黏膜的分界线6.白线：肛梳下缘有一不甚明显的环形浅沟。
是肛门内、外括约肌的分界线7.肝血窦：知识点回顾一、消化管壁的结构（除口腔与咽外）自内向外分为黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜肌层（口腔、咽、食管上段和肛门处肌层为骨骼肌，其余各部的肌层为平滑肌二、腹部分区腹部分区通常采用九分法，用2条横线和2条纵线将腹部分为9个区。
两横线：通过两侧肋弓最低点的连线和通过两侧能结节的连线，两纵线：通过左、右腹股沟韧带中点的垂线。
三、舌舌乳头有四种：轮廓乳头（最大）、丝状乳头（数量最多）、菌状乳头、叶状乳头。
其中除丝状乳头具有感觉功能外，其余均含味蕾，，有味觉功能。
舌肌：分舌内肌和舌外肌。
舌内肌收缩可改变舌外形，舌外肌收缩改变舌位置。
两侧颁舌肌同时收缩使舌前伸，一侧收缩舌尖偏向对侧。
四、牙牙的形态：牙冠、牙根、牙颈牙的构成：牙质、釉质、牙骨质、牙髓牙周组织：牙龈、牙周膜和牙槽骨牙的种类：乳牙（20个）、恒牙（32个）。
乳牙用罗马数字表示，恒牙用阿拉伯数字表示★临床记录：例如五、唾液腺腮腺：是唾液腺中最大的一对，位于耳廓前下方、下颌支与胸锁乳突肌之间，开口于平对上颌第二磨牙颊黏膜上的腮腺管乳头。
下颌下腺：导管开口于舌下阜舌下腺：导管开口于舌下阜和舌下裳表面六、咽咽是呼吸道和消化道的共同开口位置：上起颅底，下至第六颈椎体下缘分部：鼻咽、口咽、喉咽（以软腭游离缘和会厌上缘为界）咽淋巴环：是舌扁桃体、咽扁桃体、腭扁桃体等共同围成的。
具有重要的防御作用梨状隐窝：是异物滞留的部位七、食管食管以颈静脉切记和食管裂孔为界，分为颈部、胸部和腹部3部分食管的三狭窄：第一狭窄位于食管的起始处，距中切牙约15CM处；第二狭窄在食管与左主支气管交叉处，距中切牙约25CM处；第三狭窄在食管穿膈处，距中切牙约45CM处。
消化系统的解剖单词 改
消化系统的解剖单词1.消化系统alimentary system2.消化管alimentary canal3.消化腺alimentary gland4.口腔oral cavity5.口腔前庭oral vestibule6.固有口腔oral cavity proper7.口唇oral lips8.人中philtrum9.鼻唇沟nasolabial sucus10.牙龈gingiva11.颊check12.硬腭hard palate13.软腭soft palate14.腭帆velum of palatinum15.腭垂uvula16.腭舌弓palatoglossal arch17.腭咽弓palatopharyngeal arch18.咽峡isthmus of fauces19.牙齿teeth20.上牙弓upper dental arch21.下牙弓lower dental arch22.牙腔dental cavity23.髓腔pulp cavity24.乳牙deciduous teeth25.恒牙permanent teeth26.智牙wisdom tooth27.舌tongue28.舌乳头papillae tongue29.腮腺parotid gland30.下颌下腺submandibular gland31.舌下腺sublingual gland32.咽pharynx33.鼻咽nasopharynx34.咽扁桃体pharyngeal tonsil35.咽鼓管咽口pharyngeal openning ofauditory tube36.咽鼓管圆枕tubal torus37.咽鼓管扁桃体tubal tonsil 38.咽隐窝pharyngeal recess39.口咽oropharynx40.腭扁桃体palatine tonsil41.扁桃体隐窝tonsillar crypts42.扁桃体小窝tonsillar fossulae43.喉咽laryngopharynx44.梨状隐窝piriform recess45.食管esophagus46.胃stomach47.贲门cardia48.幽门pylorus49.胃小弯lesser curvature of stomach50.胃大弯greater curvature of stomach51.胃小凹gastric pit52.幽门括约肌pyloric sphincter53.小肠small intestine54.十二指肠duodenum55.十二指肠悬韧带suspensory ligamentof duodenum56.空肠jejunum57.回肠ilium58.孤立淋巴滤泡solitary lymphaticfollicles59.集合淋巴滤泡aggregated lymphaticfollicles60.大肠large intestine61.结肠袋haustra of colon62.结肠带colic bands63.盲肠cecum64.回盲瓣ileocecal valve65.阑尾vermiform appendix66.结肠colon67.升结肠ascending colon68.横结肠transverse colon69.降结肠descending colon70.乙状结肠sigmoid colon71.直肠rectum72.直肠骶曲sacral flexure of rectum73.直肠会阴曲perineal flexure of rectum74.直肠壶腹ampulla of rectum75.肛管anal canal76.肛柱anal columns77.肛瓣anal valves78.肛窦anal sinuses79.肛直肠线anorectal line80.齿状线dentate line81.肛梳anal pecten82.白线white line83.肛门anus84.肛门括约肌sphincter ani internus85.肛门外括约肌sphincter ani externus86.肝liver87.膈面diaphragmatic surface88.裸面bare area89.肝左叶left lobe90.肝右叶right lobe91.脏面visceral surface92.肝门porta hepatis93.肝蒂hepatic pedicle94.肝圆韧带裂fissure for ligamentum tereshepatis95.静脉韧带裂fissure for ligamentumvenosum96.胆囊窝fossa for gallbladder97.腔静脉沟sulcus for vena cava98.肝裂hepatic fissure99.右叶间裂right interlobar fissure100.左叶间裂left interlobar fissure101.肝总管common hepatic duct102.胆囊gallbladder103.胆囊管cystic duct104.胆总管common bile duct105.肝胰壶腹hepatopancreatic ampulla 106.肝胰壶腹括约肌sphicter of hepatopancreatic ampulla107.胰pancreas108.胰头head of pancreas109.胰管pancreatic duct。
消化科词汇——精选推荐
消化病学名词Digestive disease terminology［内镜］操纵部, ［endoscopic］control section［内镜］插入管, ［endoscopic］insertion tube［内镜］充气/水阀, ［endoscopic］air/water valve［内镜］导光连接部, ［endoscopic］light guide connector section［内镜］导光束, ［endoscopic］light guide bundles［内镜］导像束, ［endoscopic］image guide bundles［内镜］光导纤维, ［endoscopic］optical fibers［内镜］活检管道开口, ［endoscopic］biopsy channel opening［内镜］角度锁钮, ［endoscopic］locking knob［内镜］角度旋钮, ［endoscopic］angulation knob［内镜］冷光源, ［endoscopic］cold light source［内镜］弯曲部, ［endoscopic］bending section［内镜］吸引阀, ［endoscopic］suction valve阿米巴［性］肝脓肿, amebic liver abscessEhlers-Danlos综合征, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome嗳气, belch凹陷性病变, excavated lesion, depressed lesionOddi括约肌成形术, plastic repair of Oddi sphincterOddi括约肌切开术, sphincterotomy of OddiOddi括约肌狭窄, stenosis of Oddi sphincterOsler-Weber-Rendu病, Osler-Weber-Rendu diseaseBudd-Chiari综合征, Budd-Chiari syndromeBarrett's食管, Barrett's esophagus板状强直, board-like rigidity半成形便, semiformed stool半乳糖耐量, galactose tolerance伴有先天性综合征的毛细管扩张, telangiectasia associated with congenital syndrome 贝尔西食管裂孔疝修补术, Belsey hiatal hernia repair背驮式肝移植, piggyback liver transplantation贲门成形术, cardioplasty贲门肌切开术, cardiomyotomy鼻胆管引流［术］, nasobiliary drainageBillroth II式吻合［术］, Billroth II anastomosisBillroth I式吻合［术］, Billroth I anastomosis闭袢性肠梗阻, closed loop intestinal obstruction闭塞性肝静脉内膜炎, endophlebitis hepatica obliterans壁外性压迫, extrinsic compression of wall壁细胞迷走神经切断术, parietal cell vagotomy便血, hematochezia变应性直肠炎, allergic proctitis丙型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type C病毒性腹泻, viral diarrhea病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis病毒性胃肠炎, viral gastroenteritisPeutz-Jegher's综合征, Peutz-Jegher's syndrome剥脱活检, strip biopsy博尔德莫尔食管吻合术, Beordmore anastomosis of esophagus Braun’s吻合［术］, Braun anastomosis部分肠梗阻, partial intestinal obstruction擦拭法细胞学检查［术］, abrasive cytologic examination残留结石, residual stone, retained stone残胃, gastric remnant藏毛病, pilonidal disease侧侧吻合［术］, side-to-side anastomosis侧视内镜, side-viewing endoscope产毒性腹泻, toxigenic diarrhea肠闭锁, intestinal atresia肠壁囊样积气, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis肠壁囊样积气［症］, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis肠侧侧吻合［术］, side-to-side intestinal anastomosis肠穿孔, perforation of intestine肠道细菌内毒素移位, endotoxin translocation from intestine肠道细菌移位, bacterial translocation from intestine肠道营养, enteral nutrition肠动静脉畸形, arteriovenous malformation of bowel肠端侧吻合［术］, end-to-side intestinal anastomosis肠端端吻合［术］, end-to-end intestinal anastomosis肠放射性损伤, radiation injury of intestine肠梗阻, intestinal obstruction, ileus肠结核, tuberculosis of intestine肠淋巴管扩张, intestinal lymphangiectasia肠内引流式胰腺移植, enteric drainage pancreas transplantation 肠囊肿, enteric cyst肠扭转, volvulus肠袢淤滞综合征, stagnant loop syndrome肠旁路术, intestinal bypass肠切除术, intestinal resection肠切开术, enterotomy肠缺血, ischemia of intestine肠缺血综合征, intestinal ischemic syndrome肠套叠, intussusception肠外瘘, enterocutaneous fistula肠外营养, parenteral nutrition肠外置术, intestinal exteriorization肠吻合［术］, intestinal anastomosis肠紊乱, bowel disturbance肠系膜动脉闭塞, mesenteric arterial occlusion肠系膜动脉栓塞术, mesenteric artery embolization肠系膜动脉血栓形成, mesenteric artery thrombosis肠系膜静脉血栓形成, mesenteric venous thrombosis肠系膜囊肿, mesenteric cyst肠系膜疝, mesenteric hernia肠系膜上动脉综合征, superior mesenteric artery syndrome肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征, superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome 肠狭窄, intestinal stenosis肠旋转不良, malrotation of intestine肠血管病, vascular disease of bowel肠血管发育异常, angiodysplasia of bowel肠血管异常, vascular abnormality of intestine肠易激综合征, irritable bowel syndrome肠源性感染, enterogenic infection肠造口术, enterostomy肠胀气, intestinal tympanites肠重复畸形, duplication of intestine肠子宫内膜异位, endometriosis in bowel超声腹腔镜, ultrasonic laparoscope超声内镜, ultrasonic endoscope成形便, formed stool冲洗法细胞学检查［术］, lavage cytologic examination虫蚀样边缘, eroded edge出血性胃炎, hemorrhagic gastritis出血性胰腺炎, hemorrhagic pancreatitis穿孔, perforation穿孔性阑尾炎, perforating appendicitis穿透, penetration穿透性溃疡, penetrating ulcer大便失禁, fecal incontinence大肠梗阻, large bowel obstruction, colonic obstruction大网膜及肠系膜囊肿, omental cyst and mesenteric cyst单纯性集群性憩室病, simple massed diverticulosis单极电凝［术］, monopolar electrocoagulation胆［结］石, gallstone胆道闭锁, biliary atresia胆道测压［术］, manometry of biliary tract胆道出血, hemobilia胆道感染, infection of biliary tract胆道梗阻, obstruction of biliary tract胆道蛔虫病, biliary ascariasis胆道贾第虫病, giardiasis of biliary tract胆道减压术, decompression of biliary tract胆道闪烁显像［术］, cholescintigraphy胆道运动障碍, biliary dyskinesia胆固醇结石, cholesterol calculus胆管癌, carcinoma of bile duct胆管测压造影［术］, manometric cholangiography胆管肝炎, cholangiohepatitis胆管空肠吻合术, cholangiojejunostomy胆管扩张, cholangiectasis胆管内置管扩张［术］, biliary stent dilatation胆管腺瘤, cholangioadenoma胆管炎, cholangitis胆管造影［术］, cholangiography胆管周围炎, pericholangitis胆红素脑病, bilirubin encephalopathy, kernicterus 胆红素尿, bilirubinuria胆绞痛, biliary colic胆瘘, biliary fistula胆囊癌, carcinoma of gallbladder胆囊肠瘘, cholecystoenteric fistula胆囊超声显像［术］, cholecystosonography胆囊穿孔, perforation of gallbladder胆囊钙化, calcification of gallbladder胆囊积脓, empyema of gallbladder胆囊积气, pneu-gallbladder胆囊积水, hydrops of gallbladder胆囊积血, hemocholecyst胆囊镜检查［术］, cholecystoscopy胆囊空肠吻合术, cholecystojejunostomy胆囊扭转, torsion of gallbladder胆囊切除术, cholecystectomy胆囊切除术后综合征, postcholecystectomy syndrome 胆囊十二指肠吻合术, cholecystoduodenostomy胆囊收缩素, cholecystokinin胆囊炎, cholecystitis胆囊造口术, cholecystostomy胆囊造影术, cholecystography胆囊周围脓肿, pericholecystic abscess胆石性肠梗阻, gallstone ileus胆石症, cholelithiasis胆小管炎, cholangiolitis胆血症, cholemia胆胰管汇合异常, choledochopancreatic junction anomaly胆汁反流性胃炎, bile reflux gastritis胆汁尿, choleuria, choluria胆汁浓缩综合征, inspissated bile syndrome胆汁性腹膜炎, biliary peritonitis, choleperitoneum胆汁性肝硬化, biliary cirrhosis胆汁胸, cholothorax胆汁引流, biliary drainage胆汁淤积, cholestasis胆汁粘稠综合征, biliary hyperviscosity syndrome胆总管端端吻合术, choledochocholedochostomy胆总管梗阻, obstruction of common bile duct胆总管结石, calculus of common bile duct, choledocholith胆总管结石病, choledocholithiasis胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y形吻合术, choledochojejunostomy Roux-en-Y 胆总管扩张, choledochectasia胆总管囊肿, choledochal cyst胆总管囊肿切除术, choledochocystectomy胆总管切开术, choledochotomy胆总管十二指肠吻合术, choledochoduodenostomy胆总管狭窄, stricture of common bile duct胆总管炎, choledochitis胆总管造口术, choledochostomy弹性假黄色瘤, pseudoxanthoma elasticum蛋白丢失性肠病, protein-losing enteropathyDevine结肠造口术, Devine colostomy电子内镜检查［术］, electronic endoscopy, videoendoscopy淀粉酶-肌酸酐清除率之比, amylase-creatinine clearance ratio 淀粉酶清除率, clearance of amylase丁型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type D，delta hepatitis动脉胆道瘘, arteriobiliary fistula痘疮样胃炎, gastritis varioliformisDubin-Johnson综合征, Dubin-Johnson syndrome端侧吻合［术］, end-to-side anastomosis端端吻合［术］, end-to-end anastomosis端式结肠造口术, terminal colostomy短肠, short gut短肠综合征, short-bowel syndrone多发性静脉扩张, multiple phlebectasia,多极电凝［术］, multipolar electrocoagulation多囊肝, polycystic liver二期小肠移植, two-stage intestine transplantation翻出型肛门外吻合巨结肠根治术, Swenson procedure翻转法内镜检查［术］, reverse method of endoscopy反流性食管炎, reflux esophagitis反跳痛, rebound tenderness反胃, regurgitation放大腹腔镜检查［术］, magnifying laparoscopy放大内镜检查［术］, magnifying endoscopy放射性结肠炎, radiation colitis放射性小肠炎, radiation enteritis非闭塞性肠梗死, nonocclusive intestinal infarction肥厚性胃炎, hypertrophic gastritis肥厚性幽门狭窄, hypertrophic pylorostenosis肥皂性结肠炎, soap colitis粪便嵌塞, fecal impaction粪瘘, fecal fistula蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎, phlegmonous appendicitis蜂窝织炎性胃炎, phlegmonous gastritis缝线肉芽肿, suture granuloma弗纳-莫里森综合征, Verner-Morrison syndrome辅助性肝移植, auxiliary liver transplantation腐蚀性食管狭窄, caustic stricture of esophagus腐蚀性胃炎, corrosivegastritis复发性胆总管结石病, recurrent choledocholithiasis复发性溃疡, recurrent ulcer复发性阑尾炎, recurrent appendicitis复合性胃和十二指肠溃疡, combined gastric and duodenal ulcers腹部结腹鸣, borborygmus腹膜刺激征, peritoneal irritation sign腹膜炎, peritonitis腹膜粘连, peritoneal adhesion腹腔穿刺［术］, peritoneocentesis, abdominal paracentesis腹腔动脉压迫综合征, celiac artery compression syndrome腹腔灌洗, peritoneal lavage腹腔积血, hemoperitoneum腹腔镜胆囊切除［术］, laparoscopic cholecystectomy腹腔镜检查［术］, laparoscopy腹腔镜治疗［术］, therapeutic laparoscopy腹腔内引流式胰腺移植, free-drainage intraperitoneal pancreas transplantation 腹腔脓肿, peritoneal abscess腹水, ascites腹主动脉瘤, abdominal aortic aneurysm改良的黑勒贲门肌切开术, modified Heller operation钙乳胆汁, milk of calcium bile干呕, retch肝［性］昏迷, hepatic coma肝［性］昏迷前期, hepatic precoma肝被膜下出血, subcapsular hemorrhage of liver肝病性口臭, fetor hepaticus肝肠联合移植, combined liver and intestine transplantation 肝大, hepatomegaly核, abdominal tuberculosis肝淀粉样变性, amyloidosis of liver肝动脉造影［术］, hepatic arteriography肝梗死, infarction of liver肝结核, tuberculosis of liver肝静脉梗阻, hepatic venous obstruction肝慢性阻性充血, chronic passive congestion of liver肝毛细线虫病, capillariasis hepatica肝门肠吻合术, portoenterostomy, Kasai procedure肝内胆管结石, calculus of intrahepatic duct肝内胆管结石病, hepatolithiasis肝内胆汁淤积, intrahepatic cholestasis肝脓肿, liver abscess肝脾大, hepatosplenomegaly肝片吸虫病, fascioliasis hepatica肝肾联合移植, combined liver and kidney transplantation肝肾综合征, hepatorenal syndrome肝素辅因子, heparin co-factor肝素化, heparinization肝素化逆转, heparinization reversal肝细胞移植, hepatocyte transplantation肝下垂, hepatoptosis肝纤维化, hepatic fibrosis肝心联合移植, combined liver and heart transplantation肝性昏迷, hepatic coma肝性脑病, hepatic encephalopathy肝炎后肝硬化, posthepatitic cirrhosis肝胰联合移植, combined liver and pancreas transplantation 肝移植, liver transplantation肝硬化, cirrhosis of liver肝周炎, perihepatitis感染性腹泻, infectious diarrhea感染性胃炎, infectious gastritis肛管癌, cancer of anal canal肛裂, anal fissure,肛门闭锁会阴瘘, anal atresia with perineal fistula肛门闭锁尿道瘘, anal atresia with urethral fistula肛门闭锁前庭瘘, anal atresia with vestibular fistula肛门闭锁阴道瘘, anal atresia with vaginal fistula肛门镜, anoscope肛门镜检查［术］, anoscopy肛门溃疡, anal ulcer肛门瘙痒［症］, pruritus ani肛门狭窄, anal stenosis肛门直肠瘘, anorectal fistula肛门直肠脓肿, anorectal abscess肛乳头炎, anal papillitis肛周脓肿, perianal abscess高胆红素血［症］, hyperbilirubinemia高淀粉酶血［症］, hyperamylasemia高峰酸排出量, peak acid outputGrey Turner征, Grey Turner sign膈膨升, eventration of diaphragm膈疝, diaphragmatic hernia膈下脓肿, subphrenic abscess梗阻性阑尾炎, obstructive appendicitis孤立性非特异性溃疡, isolated nonspecific ulcer骨盆直肠窝脓肿, pelvirectal abscess管探查［术］, exploration of common bile duct光动力学治疗［术］, photodynamic therapy光凝固［术］, photocoagulation果糖不耐受［症］, fructose intolerance黑粪, melena黑勒贲门肌切开术, heller operation,横结肠造口术, transverse colostomy呼气试验breath test糊状便, mushy stool滑动性食管裂孔疝, sliding hiatus hernia滑管, sliding tube化脓性腹膜炎, purulent peritonitis化脓性阑尾炎, suppurative appendicitis化脓性胰腺炎, purulent pancreatitis化生性息肉, metaplastic polyp化学性腹膜炎, chemical peritonitis坏疽性胆囊炎, gangrenous cholecystitis坏疽性阑尾炎, gangrenous appendicitis坏死后肝硬化, postnecrotic cirrhosis坏死性胰腺炎, necrotizing pancreatitis环状胰腺, annular pancreas黄疸, jaundice, icterus黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis 磺溴酞钠试验, bromsulphalein test回肠膀胱扩大术, ileum augmentation cystoplasty, ileocystoplasty 回肠膀胱尿流改道术, ileal conduit diversion回肠膀胱术, ileal conduit, Bricker operation回肠肛管吻合术, ileoanal anastomosis回肠横结肠吻合术, ileotransversostomy回肠憩室, ileal diverticulum回肠造口术, ileostomy回盲部结核, ileocecal tuberculosisWhipple病, Whipple disease混合性结石, mixed stone, mixed calculus混合性毛细血管-海绵状血管瘤, mixed capillary-cavernous hemangioma 活动性肝炎, active hepatitis活体部分肝移植, partial living liver transplantation获得性巨结肠, acquired megacolon机械性肠梗阻, mechanical intestinal obstruction, mechanical ileus 基础酸排出量, basal acid outputKillian憩室, Killian diverticulum激光治疗［术］, laser therapy急腹症, acute abdomen急性肠系膜淋巴结炎, acute mesenteric lymphadenitis急性出血性胰腺炎, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis急性腐蚀性食管炎, acute corrosive esophagitis急性肝［功能］衰竭, acute hepatic failure急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎, acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis 急性坏死性胰腺炎, acute necrotizing pancreatitis急性间质性胰腺炎, acute interstitial pancreatitis急性卡他性阑尾炎, acute catarrhal appendicitis急性弥漫性腹膜炎, acute diffuse peritonitis,急性水肿性胰腺炎, acute edematous pancreatitis急性胃扩张, acute dilatation of stomach急性胃扩张, acute gastric dilatation急性应激性溃疡, acute stress ulcer急性重型肝炎, acute severe hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis急诊肝移植, emergency liver transplantation继发性巨结肠, secondary megacolon寄生虫性腹泻, parasitic diarrheaGardner综合征, Gardner syndrome家族性肠息肉病, familial intestinal polyposis家族性结肠息肉病, familial polyposis coli甲胎蛋白测定, alpha-fetoprotein detemination甲型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type A假膜性结肠炎, pseudomembranous colitis假膜性小肠结肠炎, pseudomembranous enterocolitis假憩室, pseudodiverticulum假息肉, pseudopolyp假性感染性直肠炎, pseudoinfectious proctitis假性结肠梗阻, false colonic obstruction, Ogilvie syndrome减体积肝移植, reduced-size liver transplantation碱性反流性胃炎, alkaline reflux gastritis浆液性腹膜炎, serous peritonitis胶原性结肠炎, collagenous colitis绞窄性肠梗阻, strangulated intestinal obstruction节段小肠移植, segmental small intestine transplantation节段性肠扩张, segmental dilatation of intestine节段胰腺移植, segmental pancreas transplantation结肠癌, cancer of colon结肠癌Dukes分类法, Dukes classification for colon cancer结肠膀胱瘘, colovesical fistula结肠穿孔, colonic perforation结肠次全切除术, subtotal colectomy结肠非特异性溃疡, nonspecific ulcer of colon结肠孤立性溃疡, colonic solitary ulcer结肠黑色素沉着病, melanosis coli结肠后胃空肠吻合术, retrocolic gastrojejunostomy结肠回肠侧吻合术, Martin procedure结肠结核, tuberculosis of colon结肠镜检查［术］, colonoscopy结肠憩室病, diverticular disease of colon结肠前胃空肠吻合术, antecolic gastrojejunostomy结肠切除术, colectomy结肠切开术, colotomy结肠缺血, colonic ischemia结肠息肉, polyp of colon结肠息肉病, polyposis coli结肠腺瘤, adenoma of colon结肠造口术, colostomy结肠直肠切除术, coloproctectomy结核性腹膜炎, tuberculous peritonitis结石性胰腺炎, calcareus pancreatitis近侧胃迷走神经切断术, proximal gastric vagotomy经腹骶直肠切除术, abdominosacral resection, anterior resection经颈静脉胆管造影［术］, transjugular cholangiography经口胆管镜检查［术］, peroral cholangioscopy经皮经肝胆管镜检查［术］, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy 经皮经肝胆管造影［术］, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography 经皮经肝胆囊镜检查［术］, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy 经皮经肝栓塞, percutaneous transhepatic embolization经皮内镜胃造瘘［术］, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy经直肠活检, transrectal biopsy精神性便秘, psychogenic constipation颈部食管胃吻合术, cervical esophagogastrostomy痉挛性肠梗阻, spastic intestinal obstruction痉挛性肛部痛, proctalgia fugax痉挛性结肠憩室病, spastic colon diverticulosis静脉闭塞性病, veno-occlusive disease静脉胆管造影［术］, intravenous cholangiography静脉胆囊造影［术］, intravenous cholecystography静脉切开术, venesection, phlebotomy静脉曲张, varicosis, varix静脉曲张性溃疡, varicose ulcer静脉造影［术］, phlebography酒精性肝炎, alcoholic hepatitis酒精性肝硬化, alcoholic cirrhosis酒精性胰腺炎, alcoholic pancreatitis局限性肠炎, regional enteritis, Crohn disease局限性腹膜炎, localized peritonitis巨大肥厚性胃炎, giant hypertrophy gastritis巨大皱襞, giant folds, giant ruga巨结肠, megacolon巨十二指肠, megaduodenum菌群失调性肠炎, flora imbalance enteritisCullen征, Cullen signCanada-Cronkhite综合征, Canada-Cronkhite syndrome可控性回肠膀胱术, continent ileal reservoirCrigler-Najjar综合征, Crigler-Najjar syndromeCruveilhier-Baumgarten综合征, Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome 克罗恩病, Crohn’s disease空肠回肠旁路术, jejunoileal bypass空肠间置代胆道术, choledochoplasty by jejunal interposition空肠移植, jejunum transplantation空肠造口术, jejunostomy口服胆囊造影［术］, oral cholecystographyCourvoisier征, Courvoisier sign溃疡性结肠炎, ulcerative colitis拉埃内克肝硬化, Laennec’s cirrhosis阑尾残端, appendiceal stump阑尾粪石, appendiceal fecalith阑尾切除术, appendectomy阑尾炎, appendicitis阑尾粘液囊肿, appendiceal mucocele阑尾周围脓肿, periappendiceal abscess类癌, carcinoid类癌综合征, carcinoid syndrome里急后重, tenesmus隆起性病变, protrusion lesion鲁氏Y形吻合［术］, Roux-en-Y anastomosisRotor综合征, Rotor syndrome麻痹性肠梗阻, paralytic ileusMallory-Weiss综合征, Mallory-Weiss syndrome慢性非化浓性破坏性胆管炎, chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis 慢性溃疡性结肠炎, chronic ulcerative colitis慢性重型肝炎, chronic severe hepatitis盲肠膀胱扩大术, cecum augmentation cystoplasty盲肠后位阑尾, retrocecal appendix盲肠炎, typhlitis, cecitis盲肠造口术, cecostomy盲袢综合征, blind loop syndrome毛石, trichobezoar毛植物石, trichophytobezoarMeckel憩室, Meckel diverticulumMenetrier病, Menetrier disease门静脉高压, portal hypertension门静脉脓血症, portal pyemia门静脉血栓形成, thrombosis of portal vein门静脉炎, pylephlebitis门脉性肝硬化, portal cirrhosis门体脑病, portosystemic encephalopathy弥漫性腹膜炎, diffuse peritonitis弥漫性食管痉挛, diffuse spasm of esophagus迷走神经干切断术, truncal vagotomy迷走神经切断术, vagotomy糜烂性胃炎, erosive gastritis米库利兹结肠造口术, Mikulicz colostomy面团感, doughy sensationMurphy征, Murphy sign内镜, endoscope内镜超声检查［术］, endoscopic ultrasonography内镜胆管引流［术］, endoscopic biliary drainage内镜复位［术］, endoscopic reduction内镜检查术, endoscopy内镜逆行胰胆管造影［术］, endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography 内镜取石［术］, endoscopic stone extraction technique内镜碎石［术］, endoscopic lithotripsy内镜胰管引流［术］, endoscopic drainage of pancreatic duct内镜粘膜下肿瘤切除［术］, endoscopic enucleation of submucosal tumor 内镜治疗［术］, therapeutic endoscopy内镜置管［术］, endoprosthesis内镜注射治疗［术］, endoscopic injection therapy逆蠕动吻合［术］, antiperistaltic anastomosis凝结物, concretion诺沃克组病毒性胃肠炎, norwalk agents gastroenteritis呕血, hematemesis袢式结肠造口术, loop colostomy喷射性呕吐, projectile vomiting盆腔内吻合巨结肠根治术, rehbein procedure劈裂式肝移植, split liver transplantation皮革样胃, leather bottle stomach, linitis plastica脾大, splenomegaly脾功能亢进, hypersplenism脾门静脉造影术, splenoportography脾曲综合征, splenic flexure syndrome屁, flatus胼胝性溃疡, callous ulcer, indolent ulcer平坦性病变, flat lesionPlummer-Vinson综合征, Plummer-Vinson syndrome脐肠瘘, omphalo-enteric fistula气腹, pneumoperitoneum气管食管瘘, tracheo-esophageal fistula气囊扩张器, balloon dilator气囊填塞, balloon tamponade气体扩张器, pneumatic dilator气胀, flatulence, gaseous distention气肿性胆囊炎, emphysematous cholecystitis憩室, diverticulum憩室病, diverticulosis憩室前期, prediverticular stage憩室切除术, diverticulectomy憩室炎, diverticulitis迁延性肝炎, persistent hepatitis前视内镜, forward-viewing endoscope钳夹活检［术］, forceps biopsy浅表性胃炎, superficial gastritis腔静脉造影［术］, venacavography桥形皱襞, bridging fold倾倒综合征, dumping syndrome球后十二指肠溃疡, postbulbar duodenal ulcer曲张静脉切除术, varicectomy圈套器, snare圈套烧灼术, snare cautery全部吸收不良, panmalabsorption全结肠切除术, total colectomy全结肠炎, pancolitis全上消化道内镜检查［术］, panendoscopy全小肠移植, whole small intestine transplantation全胰十二指肠切除术, total pancreaticoduodenectomy全胰腺移植, whole pancreas transplantation缺血性结肠炎, ischemic colitis热活检, hot biopsy热探头凝固［术］, heater probe coagulationGillbert综合征, Gillbert syndrome肉芽肿性胃炎, granulomatous gastritis乳糜性腹膜炎, chyle peritonitis乳糖不耐受［症］, lactose intolerance乳糖酶缺乏, lactase deficiency乳头括约肌切开［术］, sphincterotomy, papillotomy乳头切开刀, papillotome乳头上部切开, suprapapillary incision三次肝移植, tertiary liver transplantation色素内镜检查［术］, dye endoscopy, chromoendoscopy色素性结石, pigmented stone,Sengstaken-Blakemore管, Sengstaken-Blakemore tube上腔静脉梗阻, obstruction of superior vena cava上腔静脉综合症, superior vena cava syndrome失弛缓症, achalasia十二指肠闭锁, duodenal atresia十二指肠残端漏, duodenal stump leakage十二指肠梗阻, obstruction of duodenum十二指肠钩虫病, capillariasis hepatica十二指肠假憩室, pseudodiverticulum of duodenum十二指肠镜检查［术］, duodenoscopy十二指肠空肠襻不全旋转, incomplete rotation of duodenojejunal loop 十二指肠溃疡, duodenal ulcer十二指肠旁疝, paraduodenal hernia十二指肠蹼, duodenal web十二指肠胃反流, duodenogastric reflux十二指肠狭窄, duodenal stenosis十二指肠炎, duodenitis食管癌, esophageal carcinoma食管闭锁, esophageal atresia食管穿孔, perforation of esophagus食管恶性黑［色］素瘤, malignant melanoma of esophagus食管腐蚀性灼伤, corrosive burn of esophagus食管环, esophageal ring食管肌层环切延长术, Livaditis procedure食管结核, tuberculosis of esophagus食管静脉曲张内镜结扎［术］, endoscopic rubber banding for esophageal varices食管静脉曲张, esophageal varices食管静脉曲张硬化治疗［术］, sclerotherapy for esophageal varices食管镜检查［术］, esophagoscopy食管空肠吻合术, esophagojejunostomy食管扩张探条, bougie for esophageal dilatation食管裂孔疝, hiatus hernia食管裂孔疝修补术, hiatal hernia repair食管内压力测定, intraesophageal manometry食管囊肿, esophageal cyst食管旁疝, paraesophageal hernia食管旁食管裂孔疝, paraesophageal hiatus hernia食管平滑肌瘤摘出术, enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma食管蹼, esophageal web食管憩室, diverticulum of esophagus食管切除术, esophagectomy食管曲张静脉破裂, rupture of esophageal varices食管神经性功能紊乱, neurogenic dysfunction of esophagus食管十二指肠吻合术, esophagoduodenostomy食管酸灌注试验, esophageal acid perfusion test食管探条, esophageal bougie食管胃底吻合术, esophagofundostomy食管胃切除术, esophagogastrectomy食管胃切除术与结肠间置术, esophagogastrectomy with colon interposition食管胃切除术与Roux-en-Y形食管空肠吻合术, esophagogastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy食管胃吻合术, esophagogastrostomy食管消化性溃疡, peptic ulcer of esophagus食管炎, esophagitis食管异位软骨, ectopic cartilage of esophagus食管运动功能失调, esophageal motility dysfunction食管粘膜撕裂症, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, esophageal mucosa laceration食管粘膜息肉, polypus of esophageal mucosa食管重复畸形, duplication of esophagus食管自发性破裂, spontaneous rupture of esophagus食欲缺乏, anorexia柿石, diospyrobezoar, persimmon bezoar嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎, eosinophilic gastroenteritis嗜酸细胞性胃炎, eosinophilic gastritis输入袢综合征, afferent loop syndrome术后胆囊炎, postoperative cholecystitis术后胰腺炎, postoperative pancreatitis术中胆管造影［术］, intraoperative cholangiography术中内镜检查［术］, intraoperative endoscopy双管结肠造口术, double barrel colostomy双极电凝［术］, bipolar electrocoagulation霜斑样病变, ”shimofuri” lesion水充盈法, water-filling method水囊法, water-filled balloon method水压扩张器, hydrostatic dilator水样便, watery stool顺蠕动吻合［术］, iso-peristaltic anastomosis胎粪性肠梗阻, meconium ileus胎粪性腹膜炎, meconium peritonitis探条扩张［术］, bougienage特发性弥漫性溃疡, idiopathic diffuse ulcerTurcot综合征, Turcot syndrome体外肝灌注, extra-corporeal liver perfusion同期胰肾联合移植, simultaneous pancreas and renal transplantation 吞气症, aerophagia, air swallowing吞线试验, string test拖出术, pull-through operation脱落法细胞学检查［术］, exfoliative cytologic examination脱气水, de-aerated water外伤性胰腺炎, traumatic pancreatitis外伤性直肠炎, traumatic proctitisWitzel胃造口术, Witzel gastrostomy微波凝固［术］, microwave coagulationVim-Silverman针活组织检查, Vim-Silverman needle biopsy萎缩性胃炎, atrophic gastritis畏食, sitophobia, sitiophobia胃［肠］石, bezoar胃癌, gastric cancer胃半切除术, hemigastrectomy胃部分切除术, partial gastrectomy胃肠出血, gastrointestinal bleeding胃肠道外全面营养, total parenteral nutrition胃肠吻合术, gastroenterostomy胃出口梗阻, gastric outlet obstruction胃次全切除术, subtotal gastrectomy胃底折叠术, fundoplication胃窦切除术, antrectomy胃固定术, gastropexy胃结核, tuberculosis of stomach胃镜, gastroscope胃镜检查［术］, gastroscopy胃空肠结肠瘘, gastrojejunocolic fistula胃空肠吻合术, gastrojejunostomy胃溃疡, gastric ulcer胃泌素瘤, gastrinoma胃扭转, gastric volvulus胃旁路术, gastric bypass胃气胀, bloating胃憩室, gastric diverticulum胃切开术, gastrotomy胃全切除术, total gastrectomy胃十二指肠吻合术, gastroduodenostomy胃食管反流, gastroesophageal reflux胃外瘘, gastrocutaneous fistula胃下垂, gastroptosis胃炎, gastritis胃液分析, gastric analysis胃造口术, gastrostomy胃粘膜脱垂, prolapse of gastric mucosa胃重复［畸形］, reduplication of stomach胃潴留, gastric retention,胃灼热, heartburn, pyrosis吻合［术］, anastomosis吻合口, anastomotic stoma吻合口溃疡, stomal ulcer, marginal ulcer无肝期, anhepatic phase无结石胆囊炎, acalculous cholecystitis无菌性腹膜炎, aseptic peritonitis戊型病毒性肝炎, viral hepatitis type E吸收不良, malabsorption吸引活检［术］, suction biopsyHirschsprung病, Hirschsprung diseaseHill食管裂孔疝修补术, Hill hiatal hernia repair息肉, polyp息肉病, polyposis息肉分块切除［术］, piecemeal polypectomy息肉切除［术］, polypectomy洗胃, gastric lavage细菌性腹泻, bacterial diarrhea细菌性肝脓肿, bacterial liver abscess细菌性痢疾, bacillary dysentery, shigellosis先天性胆总管扩张, congenital choledochus dilatation先天性胆总管囊肿, congenital choledochus cyst先天性短食管, congenital short esophagus先天性肥大性幽门狭窄, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis先天性肝内胆管扩张, congenital intrahepatic duct dilatation先天性肝囊肿, congenital cyst of liver先天性肝硬化, congenital cirrhosis先天性肛门闭锁, congenital anal atresia先天性肛门狭窄, congenital anal stenosis先天性肛门直肠畸形, congenital ano-rectal malformation先天性家族性非溶血性黄疸, congenital familial nonhemolytic jaundice 先天性巨结肠, congenital megacolon先天性食管闭锁, congenital esophageal atresia先天性食管狭窄, congenital stenosis of esophagus先天性胃扭转, congenital gastric volvulus先天性吸收不良, congenital malabsorption先天性直肠闭锁, congenital rectal atresia先天性直肠狭窄, congenital stenosis of rectum纤维内镜, fiberendoscope腺瘤性息肉, adenomatous polyp相对面溃疡, kissing ulcer消化不良, dyspepsia, indigestion消化内镜［学］, digestive endoscopy消化系统结核, tuberculosis of digestive system消化性溃疡, peptic ulcer消化学, digestology小肠恶性淋巴瘤small intestinal malignant lymphoma小肠梗阻, small intestine obstruction小肠镜检查［术］, small intestinal endoscopy小肠溃疡, small intestinal ulcer小肠瘘, small bowel fistula小肠排列术, plication of small intestine小肠炎, enteritis小肠移植, small intestine transplantation小肠淤滞综合征, small intestinal stasis syndrome小儿肝移植, pediatric liver transplantation小儿内镜检查［术］, pediatric endoscopy小儿小肠移植, pediatric small intestine transplantation斜视内镜, oblique-viewing endoscope泻药性结肠, cathartic colon心源性肝硬化, cardiac cirrhosis新生儿肝炎综合征, neonatal hepatitis syndrome新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎, necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn胸腹膜裂孔疝, bochdalek hernia选择性肝移植, selective-term liver transplantation选择性迷走神经切断术, selective vagotomy血便, bloody stool血管显露, exposed vessel亚急性阑尾炎, subacute appendicitis亚急性重型肝炎, subacute severe hepatitis咽憩室, pharyngeal diverticulum咽食管憩室, pharyngoesophageal diverticulum咽下部憩室, hypopharyngealdiverticulum,炎性肠病, inflammatory bowel disease炎性息肉, inflammatory polyp一期小肠移植, one-stage small intestine transplantation胰胆管汇合异常, malfusion of pancreatobiliary ducts胰岛素瘤, insulinoma, insuloma胰岛细胞瘤, islet cell tumor胰功能不全, pancreatic insufficiency胰管梗阻, pancreatemphraxis胰管结扎式胰腺移植, duct-ligation pancreas transplantation胰管镜检查［术］, pancreatoscopy胰管填塞式胰腺移植, duct obstruction pancreas transplantation 胰管未汇合, non-fusion of pancreatic ducts胰结核, tuberculosis of pancreas胰空肠吻合术, pancreaticojejunostomy胰瘘, pancreatic fistula胰肾联合移植, combined pancreas and renal transplantation胰十二指肠切除术, pancreaticoduodenectomy胰十二指肠移植, pancreas-duodenal transplantation胰石, pancreatolith, pancreatic calculus胰石病, pancreatolithiasis胰腺创伤, pancreatic trauma胰腺分裂, pancreas divisum胰腺钙化, calcification of pancreas胰腺假囊肿, pancreatic pseudocyst胰腺囊肿, pancreatic cyst胰腺脓肿, abscess of pancreas胰腺外瘘, external fistula of pancreas胰腺炎, pancreatitis胰腺移植, pancreas transplantation胰腺异位, heterotopic pancreas胰腺周围脓肿, peripancreatic abscess胰源性腹水, pancreatic ascites移动性盲肠, mobile caecum移植胰假性囊肿, graft pancreatic pseudocyst移植胰胰瘘, graft pancreatic fistula移植胰胰腺炎, graft pancreatitis。
消化内科英文单词
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 消化系统--单词消化管食管esophagus贲门cardia胃gaster , stomach胃小弯lesser curvature胃大弯greater curvature壁细胞parietal cell幽门pylorus幽门括约肌pyloric sphincter 十二指肠duodenum空肠jejunum回肠ileum盲肠caecum乙状结肠sigmoid colon直肠rectum消化腺唾液腺salivary gland舌下腺sublingual glands下颌下腺submandibular gland 下颌骨mandible肝脏hepar, liver肝的hepatic肝细胞hepatocyte胆管bile duct胆囊gall bladder, cholecystis 胆囊管cystic duct胰腺pancreat消化的peptic脏层腹膜visceral peritoneum 网膜omentum粘膜mucosa粘液mucus浆膜serosa粪便faeces症状疾病吞咽困难disphagia外痔external haemorrhoid第二章消化系统Chapter 2 Digestive Systemaccessory pancreatic duct 副胰管accessory parotid gland 副腮腺aggregated lymphatic follicles 集合淋巴滤泡alimentary canal 消化管alimentary gland 消化腺alimentary system 消化系统ampulla of rectum 直肠壶腹anal canal 肛管anal columns 肛柱anal pecten 肛梳anal sinuses 肛窦anal valves 肛瓣angular incisure 角切迹anocutaneous line 肛皮线anorectal line 肛直肠线anus 肛门ascending colon 升结肠ascending part 升部bare arer 裸区body of gallbladder 胆囊体body of pancreas 胰体body of stomach 胃体caecum 盲肠canine teeth 尖牙cardia 贲门cardiac incisure 贲门切迹cardiac part 贲门部caudate lobe 尾状叶cavity of pharynx 咽腔colic bands 结肠带conon 结肠common bile duct 胆总管common hepatic duct 肝总管cystic duct 胆囊管deep part 深部descending colon 降结肠descending part 降部diaphragmatic surface 膈面duodenal bulb 十二指肠球duodenojejunal flexure 十二指肠空肠曲duodenum 十二指肠epiploic appendices 肠脂垂esophagus 食管falciform ligament 镰状韧带filiform papillae 丝状乳头fissure for ligamentum teres hepatic 肝圆韧带裂fissure ofrligamentum venosum 静脉韧带裂foliate palillae 叶状乳头fornix of stomach 胃穹窿fossa for gallbladder 胆囊窝fundus of gallbladder 胆囊底fundus of stomach 胃底gall bladder 胆囊genioglossus 颏舌肌greater curvature of stomach 胃大弯haemorrhoidal ring 痔环haustra of colon 结肠袋head of pancreas 胰头hepatic fissure 肝裂hepatopancreatic ampulla 肝胰壶腹horizontal part 水平部ileocecal orifice 回盲口ileocecal valve 回盲瓣ileum 回肠inferior duodenal flexure 十二指肠下曲isthmus of fauces 咽峡jejunum 空肠large intestine 大肠laryngopharynx 喉咽left colic flexure 结肠左曲left interlobar fissure 左叶间裂left intersegmental fissure左外叶段间裂left lobe of liver 肝左叶lesser curvature of stomach 胃小弯ligament of Treitz Treitz 韧带ligamentum teres hepatic 肝圆韧带ligamentum venosum 静脉韧带liver 肝longitudinal fold of duodenum 十二指肠纵襞major duodenal papilla 十二指肠大乳头minor duodenal papilla 十二指肠小乳头minor salivary glands 小唾液腺nasolabial sulcus 鼻唇沟nnasopharynx 鼻咽neck of gallbladder 胆囊颈neck of tooth 牙颈notch for ligamentum teres hepatis 肝圆韧带切迹pancreas 胰pancreatic duct 胰管papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头papillae of tougue 舌乳头parotid duct 腮腺管parotid gland 腮腺perineal flexure of rectum 直肠会阴曲periodontal membrane 牙周膜pharyngeal opening of auditory tube 咽鼓管咽口pharyngeal recess 咽隐窝pharyngeal tonsil 咽扁桃体pharynx 咽philtrum 人中piriform recess 梨状隐窝porta hepatis 肝门pyloric antrum 幽门窦pyloric canal 幽门管pyloric part 幽门部pyloric sphincter 幽门括约肌pyloric valve 幽门瓣pylorus 幽门quadrate lobe 方叶rectum 直肠right colic flexure 结肠右曲right interlobar fissure 右叶间裂right intersegmental fissure 右后叶段间裂right lobe of liver 肝右叶sasral flexure of rectum 直肠骶曲salivary gland 唾液腺secondary porta of liver 第2肝门sigmoid colon 乙状结肠small intestine 小肠soft palate 软腭solitary lymphatic follicles 孤立淋巴滤泡sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla 肝胰壶腹括约肌sphincter ani externus 肛门外括约肌sphincter ani internus 肛门内括约肌spiral fold 螺旋襞stomach 胃subcutaneous part 皮下部sulcus for vena cava 腔静脉沟superficial part 浅部superior duodenal flexure 十二指肠上曲superior part 上部suspensory ligament of duodenum 十二指肠悬韧带suspensoy muscle of duodenum 十二指肠悬肌tail of pancreas 胰尾terminal sulcus 界沟transverse colon 横结肠uncinate process 钩突vallate papillae 轮廓乳头vermiform appendix 阑尾visceral surface 脏面white line 白线ulcerative colits溃疡性结肠炎crpjms disease 克隆氏病inflammatory bowel disease IBS炎症性肠病fissurine ulcer裂隙状溃疡sulfasalazine sasp水杨酸偶氯磺胺吡啶skip area 跳跃区megacolon巨结肠diarrhea 腹泻colonoscopy 肠镜abdominal distention 腹水tenderness压痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛liver cirrhosis肝硬化hepatic cirrhosis肝硬化mcburneys point 麦氏点murphys sign 墨菲氏征hodgkings disease霍奇金病acute peritonitis 急性腹膜炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡barium enema 钡灌肠shifting dullness 移动性浊音umbilical region 脐部pneumoperitoneum气腹dough kneading sensation 揉面感perustalsis蠕动liver thrill 肝震颤courvoisiers sign 无痛胆囊肿大征sheehans disease席汉氏病gurgling sound 肠鸣音scratch sound搔弹音abdominal wall varoices 腹壁静脉曲张gastral patten 胃型friction sound 摩擦音apical belly尖腹frog belly腹水ascites 蛙腹cachexia 恶液质abdominal bulge腹部膨隆abdominal retraction 腹部凹陷epigestric region上腹部scaphoid abdomen舟状腹spider 蜘蛛痣board-like rigidity 板样硬度addisons disease 阿狄森病budd-chiaris syndrome 柏-查综合征cullens sign 腹部皮下兰色征costovertebral anbgle 肋脊角fluctuation波动感fluid thrill液波震颤succusion splash 震水音intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻ruler pressing test 尺压实验melena 黑便hepatic肝纤维化portal hyptrtension 门脉高压portal-systemic shunting 门体分流bridging necrosis 桥状坏死ascite jaundice黄疸hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病endoscopy内镜endoscopic biopy 活检diagnostic endoscopy 诊断内镜therapeutic endoscopy 治疗内镜gastroscopy胃镜colonoscopy肠镜fiberoptic endoscope纤维胃镜sclerotherapy硬化疗法endoscopic uffrasound 内镜超声esophaged endoscopy食管镜endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreat graphy ERCP内镜逆行胆管造影。
护理中消化的名词解释
护理中消化的名词解释人体的消化系统是一个复杂而关键的系统，它负责将食物转化为身体所需的营养物质。
在护理过程中，我们经常会遇到一些与消化相关的名词。
本文将对一些常见的消化名词进行解释，帮助读者更好地理解护理中与消化相关的概念。
1. 胃肠道胃肠道是人体消化系统中最重要的部分，由胃和小肠组成。
胃是一个位于腹部的扩张器官，其中包含有酸性的胃液和消化酶，用于将食物开始分解为小块。
小肠是一个长而细的管道，通过肠壁吸收食物中的营养物质。
2. 胃酸胃酸是胃液中最主要的成分之一，它主要由盐酸组成。
胃酸的主要功能是帮助分解食物，并提供杀菌作用，以保护身体免受病原体的侵害。
然而，当胃酸分泌过多或过少时，都可能引发胃部问题，如胃酸过多引起的胃灼热或胃酸过少引起的消化不良。
3. 胆汁胆汁是由肝脏产生的黄绿色液体，通过胆囊进入小肠，起到辅助消化的作用。
胆汁中含有胆红素、胆固醇、胆盐等成分，它们协助脂肪的消化和吸收。
如果胆汁的分泌不足，可能导致脂肪吸收不良或胆结石的形成。
4. 消化酶消化酶是人体产生的一类具有催化作用的蛋白质，主要用于分解食物中的大分子物质，如碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质。
常见的消化酶包括唾液酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶等。
消化酶的缺乏或异常活性可能导致消化不良、吸收不良或肠道炎症。
5. 吸收吸收是食物中的营养物质通过胃肠道壁进入血液循环的过程。
小肠是主要的吸收器官，其内壁覆盖有许多细小的绒毛状突起，称为肠绒毛。
肠绒毛上有许多细小的血管和淋巴管，它们帮助吸收碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质和维生素等营养物质。
6. 腹泻腹泻是指排便次数增加，排便量增多，并伴有稀便或水样便的症状。
腹泻可能由多种原因引起，如感染、消化不良、食物中毒等。
在护理中，我们需要密切关注腹泻患者的水电解质平衡，并采取相应的护理措施，如补液、饮食调整等。
7. 便秘便秘是指排便困难或排便次数减少的情况。
它可能是由于饮食不合理、缺乏运动、药物副作用和某些疾病等原因导致。
2消化系统
消化系统一、名词解释1.上消化道：口腔、咽、食管、胃、十二指肠2.下消化道：空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠、直肠3.咽峡：由腭垂、腭帆游离缘、两侧腭舌弓和舌根共同围成，是口腔与咽的分界4.十二指肠大乳头：位于十二指肠降部的后内侧壁的粘膜上，是肝胰壶腹的开口5.十二指肠悬肌：连于十二指肠空肠曲与腹后壁之间，是确定空肠起端的标志6.回盲瓣：回肠末端突入盲肠内形成的2半月形皱襞，防止大肠内容物逆流入回肠7.齿状线：肛瓣与肛柱下端共同形成锯齿状的环形线，区别内痔（齿状线上）、外痔（齿状线下）8.肝门：肝固有动脉、门静脉和肝管、神经、淋巴管出入肝的门户9.肝胰壶腹：由胆总管末端与胰管末端汇合形成的膨大部，开口于十二指肠大乳头10.麦氏点：脐与右髂前上棘连线中外1/3交点处，阑尾发炎时，此处可在压痛11.腹膜：衬于腹盆壁内面和覆于腹腔脏器表面的一层浆膜，分为壁腹膜和脏腹膜12.腹膜腔: 腹膜脏、壁两层相移行所围成的间隙13.小网膜: 肝门与胃小弯和十二指肠上部之间的腹膜结构,包括肝胃韧带和肝十二指肠韧带一部分14.肝十二指肠韧带：小网膜游离右缘，内含肝固有动脉、门静脉、胆总管15.大网膜：从胃大弯向下悬垂并反折向上附于横结肠的四层腹膜结构16.直肠子宫陷凹：位于直肠与子宫之间的腹膜间隙，为女性腹膜腔的最低位二、填空题1.消化系统包括消化管，消化腺两大部分2.口腔可分为前外侧部口腔前庭和后内侧部的固有口腔3.颏舌肌一侧收缩使舌尖伸向对侧，双侧收缩使舌向前伸。
4.人一生先后有两组牙发生，第1组牙称乳牙，共有20个，第2组牙称恒牙，长全有32个5.牙在外形上可分为牙冠，牙颈，牙根三部分6.牙质是构成牙的主体，釉质覆盖于牙冠的牙质表面，粘合质包于牙根和牙颈的牙质表面7.牙周组织包括牙槽骨，牙周膜，牙龈8.消化腺包括唾液腺，肝，胰及消化管壁的小腺体9.腭扁桃体位于腭舌弓和腭咽弓之间的扁桃体窝内（咽腔口部）10.唾液腺又称口腔腺，主要包括腮腺，下颌下腺，舌下腺三对11.咽是消化道和呼吸道的共同通道，分为鼻咽，口咽，喉咽三部分12.咽腔鼻部的侧壁上有咽鼓管咽口，咽腔借此与中耳鼓室相通13.食管上端约在第6颈椎体下缘平面与咽相续，下端连接胃的贲门。
医学英语单词-消化系统
医学英语单词消化系统Gastrointestinal Systemascites/ə'saɪtiz/腹水asterixis扑翼样震颤Billroth 1 毕1氏胃十二指肠吻合术Billroth 2 毕2氏胃十二指肠吻合术cholecystectomy/,kɑləsɪs'tektəmɪ/胆囊切除术cholecystitis/,kɑləsɪs'taɪtɪs/胆囊炎cholecystititides（复数）choledocholithotomy/cholidok’lisotomy/胆总管石切除术cirrhosis /sɪ'rəʊsɪs/肝硬化Crohn’s disease克罗恩氏病,局限性肠炎Cullen’s sign腹膜内出血diverticulitis /daɪvətɪkjʊ'laɪtɪs/憩室炎Diverticulitis jejunum空肠憩室炎diverticulosis/,daɪvətɪkjʊ'ləʊsɪs/憩室病复数diverticulosesdumping syndrome [外科] 倾倒综合征esophageal varices/,isə'fædʒɪəl/食管静脉曲张esophageal carcinoma食管癌esophageal neoplasm carcinoma食管肿瘤fetor hepaticus肝病性口臭gastrectomy/gæ'strektəmɪ/[外科] 胃切除术gastric resection胃切除术hiatal hernia[内科] 食管裂孔疝Kock ileostomy科克回肠造口术ileostomy/,ɪlɪ'ɒstəmɪ/回肠造口术Murphy’s sign 墨菲氏征pancreatitis/,pæŋkrɪə'taɪtɪs/n. [内科] 胰腺炎复数pancreatititidesperistalsis/,perɪ'stælsɪs/n. 蠕动peristalses蠕动（复数）portal hypertension门静脉高压pyloroplasty/pai'lɔ:rə,plæsti/n. [外科] 幽门成形术Ulcerative colitis溃疡性结肠炎vagotomy /veɪ'gɒtəmɪ/迷走神经切断术excretevt. 排泄；分泌cheek n. 面颊，脸颊；臀部palate 味觉；上颚；趣味tongue/tʌŋ/salivary gland唾腺maxillary bone上颌骨amylase enzyme淀粉酶(ptyalin)/'taɪəlɪn/唾液淀粉酶esophagus/iː'sɒfəɡəs/食管复数esophagi食管Cardia贲门fundusn. [解剖] 底；基底；底部pylorusn. [解剖] 幽门mucous adj. 黏液的mucous gland粘液腺mucosa n.粘膜sphincter 括约肌gastric contents 胃内容物hydrochloric acid盐酸particle/'pɑrtɪkl/n. 微粒，粒子pepsin胃蛋白酶coenzyme/'kəʊ,enzaɪm/辅酶candidal infection念珠菌感染adhesion n. 粘附intrinsic factor 内因子gastrin促胃液素acidity n. 酸度；酸性；胃酸过多duodenum十二指肠jejunum/dʒɪ'dʒuːnəm/空肠ileum /'ɪlɪəm/回肠复数ileacecum盲肠（等于caecum）复数ceca sigmoid colon乙状结肠intestine肠enteron肠，消化道bladder 膀胱gallbladder胆囊cholecyst 胆囊chole胆汁bile duct胆管cystic duct 胆囊管hepatic ducts n. 肝胆管pancreatic duct 胰管starch 淀粉，含淀粉的食物maltose麦芽糖glucoe葡萄糖monosaccharide/mɒnə(ʊ)'sækəraɪd/单糖lactose乳糖galactose /gə'læktos/ 半乳糖lactase /'lækteɪz/乳糖酶乳糖酵素split vt. 分离；使分离；分解protease/'prəʊtɪeɪz/n.蛋白酶kinin n.激肽；细胞分裂素ribonucleicacids /,raibəunju:'kli:ik/核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acids /di:'ɔksi,raibəu'nju:kli:ik/脱氧核糖核酸nucleotides 核苷酸nucleosides核苷enterokinase/,entərəʊ'kaɪneɪs/肠激酶trypsinogen /trɪp'sɪnədʒ(ə)n/胰蛋白酶原ileocecal valve /,iliəu'sekəl/ 回盲瓣anus 肛门anal sphincters 肛门括约肌anal canal 肛管peritoneum/,perɪtə'niːəm/. 腹膜复数peritoneums或peritoneamesentery 肠系膜filter v. 过滤neutralize /'nʊtrə'laɪz/vt. 抵销；使…中和；使…无效；使…中立emulsify vt. 使…乳化cholecystokinin /,kolɪ,sɪstə'kaɪnɪn/ n.肠促胰酶肽；缩胆囊素exocrine gland 外分泌腺bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐somatostatin 生长激素抑制素langerhans朗格汉斯。
医学英语词汇第一周：消化系统
说明一下：背后长长的那部分是该词汇的英文解释，大家千万不要吓坏了。
这周的词汇就从周三开始，我们把它具体成了每一天的量。
希望大家每天坚持下去哦！周三词汇：aliment/o: food, nutrient•alimentation: process of giving or taking nourishment. 养料,营养品•alimentary: pertaining to food. 营养的,饮食的•hyperalimentation: hyper- excessive, hence excessive amount of food. 营养的,饮食的appendic/o: appendix 阑尾•appendectomy: ectomy excision, hence removal of the appendix.阑尾切除术•appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix. 阑尾炎•appendical: pertaining to the appendix 阑尾的auto-: self, own•autodigestion: digestion of oneself. 自身消化,自溶作用,自身溶解•autoinfection: infection from oneself. 自身感染,内源性感染•autopsy: -opsy process of viewing; hence the examination of a dead body with one’s own eyes. 尸体解剖,尸检bil/i: gall, bile 胆汁•bilirubin: bile pigment. 胆红素•biliary: pertaining to bile or bile ducts. 胆汁的, 胆的•biliation: the production and excretion of bile. 胆汁分泌bucc/o: cheek 颊•buccal: pertaining to the cheek. 颊的, 口的, 口腔的•bucca: cheek 口,颊•buccopulpal: pertaining to cheek and pulp. 颊髓的,颊与牙髓的cec/o: cecum盲肠•cecorrhaphy: -rrhaphy suture, hence surgical repair of the cecum.盲肠缝合术•cecopexy: -pexy fixation, hence fixation of the cecum.盲肠固定术•cecocolic: col/o colon, hence pertaining to the cecum and colon.盲(肠)结肠的chol/e, chol/o: gall, bile•cholelithiasis: lith/o stone; -iasis disease condition, hence the condition of having stones in the gall bladder. 胆石病•cholestasis: -stasis stopping, hence stoppage of the flow of bile. 胆汁郁积, 胆汁阻塞•cholemesis: -emesis vomiting, hence vomiting of bile. 呕胆周四词汇：cholecyst/o: gallbladder胆囊•cholecystectomy: excision of the gallbladder. 胆囊切除术•cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder. 胆囊炎•cholecystic: pertaining to the gallbladder. 胆囊的cis/o: to cut•incision: in- into; -ion process, hence the process of cutting in.切开,切口,断口•incisor: one of four front teeth in the dental arch.切牙•excision: ex- out, hence the process of cutting out.切除,切除col/o, colon/o: colon•colonopathy: diseased condition of the colon. 结肠病•colonoscope: a viewing instrument to examine the colon. 结肠镜•colostomy: -stomy surgical opening to the outside of the body, hence from the colon to the outside of the body. 结肠造口术dent/o, dent/i: tooth•dentition: the teeth in the dental arch. 齿系, 齿列•lobiodental: lobi/o lip, hence pertaining to the lip and the teeth. 唇齿的•dentifrice: fricare to rub, hence substance used to clean the teeth. 洁牙剂diverticul/o: things that turn aside憩室•diverticulum: abnormal side-pocket in the intestine wall. (复diverticula) 憩室•diverticulitis: inflammation of the diverticula (small pouches) in the intestine wall, especially in the colon.憩室炎•diverticulosis: the presence of the diverticula.憩室病duoden/o: duodenum十二指肠•duodenectomy: excision of the duodenum. 十二指肠切除术•gastroduodenal: pertaining to stomach and duodenum. 胃十二指肠的•duodenitis: inflammation of the duodenum. 十二指肠炎enter/o: intestine•enteropathy: disease of the intestine. 肠病•enterocolitis: inflammation of the small intestine and colon.小肠结肠炎•gastroenterologist: specialist in alimentary tract disorders.胃肠病学家周五词汇：gingiv/o: gums 龈•gingivae: gums 龈•gingivitis: inflammation of the gums.龈炎•gingivectomy: excision of the gums. 龈切除术ile/o: ileum回肠•ileocecal: cec/o cecum(盲肠), hence pertaining to the ileum and cecum.回盲肠的•ileostomy: -stomy surgical opening to the outside of the body. 回肠造口术•ileitis: inflammation of the ileum.回肠炎jejun/o: jejunum空肠•gastrojejunostomy: surgical connection or opening between the stomach and jejunum.胃空肠吻合术•jejunoileal: pertaining to the jejunum and ileum. 空肠回肠的•jejunotomy: incision of the jejunum. 空肠切开术lingu/o: tongue舌•lingual: pertaining to the tongue.舌的•sublingual: sub- under, hence pertaining to something that is under the tongue. 舌下的•linguodental: pertaining to the tongue and tooth. 舌牙的-megaly: enlargement增大•splenomegaly: splen/o the spleen, hence enlargement of the spleen. 脾大,脾肿大,巨脾•hepatomegaly: enlargement of the liver. 肝肿大•cardiomegaly: enlargement of the heart. 心肥大micro-: small小•microscope: an apparatus used to magnify small objects. 显微镜•microscopic: pertaining to extremely small size.显微镜(下)的,微观的•micronodular: pertaining to small nodules.小结节的nas/o: nose鼻子•nasal: pertaining to the nose.鼻的•nasogastic: pertaining to the nose and stomach. 鼻胃的•nasopalatine: pertaining to the nose and palate. 鼻腭的周六词汇：or/o: mouth口•oropharynx: the area of the throat at the back of the mouth. 口咽的•oral: pertaining to the mouth. 口腔的•oralogy: study of the mouth.口腔学(stomatology口腔医学,牙医学)pancreat/o: pancreas胰腺\胰脏•pancreatic: pertaining to the pancreas.胰脏的•pancreatitis: inflammation of the pancreas.胰腺炎•pancreatin: one of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice. 胰液素pharyng/o: pharynx 咽•pharyngitis: inflammation of the pharynx.咽炎•pharyngonasal: pertaining to the nose and the pharynx. 咽鼻的(nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的)•pharyngoxerosis: -xer/o dry, hence dryness of the pharynx. 咽干燥proct/o: rectum直肠•proctology: study of disease of the rectum.直肠病学•proctoscope: instrument to visually examine the rectum.直肠镜•proctopexy: -pexy fix, fasten, hence fix the rectum. 直肠固定术sial/o: saliva唾液,涎•sialorrhea: -rrhea flow, discharge, hence excessive secretion of saliva. 流涎•sialolith: lith/o stone, hence salivary stone.涎石•salivary: pertaining to saliva.唾液的,涎的sigmoid/o: sigmoid colon乙状结肠•sigmoidoscopy: -scopy visual examination, hence visual examination of the sigmoid colon. 乙状结肠镜检查(术)•sigmoiditis: inflammation of the sigmoid乙状结肠炎•sigmoidotomy: surgical incision into the sigmoid colon. 乙状结肠切开术splen/o: spleen脾•splenomegaly: enlargement of the spleen. 脾大,脾肿大,巨脾•splenectomy: surgical removal of the spleen. 脾切除术•splenic: pertaining to the spleen. 脾的周日词汇：-stomy: surgical opening造口术•ileostomy: surgical opening from the ileum to the outside of the body. 回肠造口术•colostomy: surgical opening from the large intestine to the outside of the body.结肠造口术•coloproctostomy: proct/o anus and rectum, hence surgical connection or opening between the colon and rectum. 结肠直肠吻合术•tracheostomy: surgical opening from the trachea to the outside of the body.气管造口术•salpingostomy 输卵管造口术•gastrostomy 胃造口术•dacryocystostomy 泪囊造口术sub-: below, under下•sublingual: under the tongue. 舌下的•submandibular: mandibul/o lower jaw, hence under the lower jaw.下颌下的•subacid: moderately acid or sour. 微酸的,有点酸的。
消化系统疾病常用英文词汇表
消化系统疾病常用英文词汇表一、症状急性腹痛acute abdominal pain慢性腹痛chronic abdominal pain吞咽困难dysphagia吞咽痛odynophagia噫球感（咽部异物感）globus sensation呃逆hiccups食管源性胸痛chest pain of esophageal origin烧心heartburn反流regurgitation消化不良dyspepsia功能性消化不良functional dyspepsia恶心nausea呕吐vomiting腹泻diarrhea渗透性腹泻osmotic diarrhea分泌性腹泻secretory diarrhea炎性腹泻inflammatory diarrhea功能性腹泻functional diarrhea水样泻watery diarrhea脂肪泻steatorrhea便秘constipation消化道出血gastrointestinal bleeding上消化道出血upper gastrointestinal bleeding 下消化道出血lower gastrointestinal bleeding 不明原因消化道出血obscure gastrointestinal bleeding 隐匿性消化道出血occult gastrointestinal bleeding 呕血hematemesis呕咖啡样物coffee-ground emesis黑便melena便血hematochezia便潜血阳性positive fecal occult blood test缺铁性贫血iron deficiency anemia黄疸jaundice间胆升高(高非结合胆红素血症)unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia直胆升高(高结合胆红素血症)conjugated hyperbilirubinemia胆汁淤积cholestasis肝内胆汁淤积intrahepatic cholestasis肝夕卜胆汁淤积extrahepatic cholestasis肝功能异常abnormal liver chemistries腹水ascites肝占位liver mass消瘦weight loss二、食管疾病贲门失弛缓achalasia远端食管痉挛distal esophageal spasm (DES)胃食管反流病gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)食管裂孔疝hiatal hernia反流性食管炎/糜烂性食管炎reflux esophagitis/erosive esophagitis非糜烂性胃食管反流病nonerosive reflux disease (NERD)Barrett 食管Barrett’s esophagus消化性食管狭窄peptic esophageal stricture药物所致的食管损伤medication-induced esophageal injury/pill-induced esophagitis嗜酸细胞性食管炎eosinophilic esophagitis贲门黏膜撕裂Mallory-Weiss syndrome自发性食管破裂Boerhaave's syndrome自发性食管血肿spontaneous esophageal hematoma真菌性食管炎fungal esophagitis念珠菌性食管炎candidal esophagitis病毒性食管炎viral esophagitis食管鳞癌esophageal squamous cell carcinoma食管腺癌esophageal adenocarcinoma食管乳头状瘤esophageal papilloma食管平滑肌瘤esophageal leiomyoma食管脂肪瘤esophageal lipoma食管静脉曲张esophageal varices三、胃和十二指肠疾病胃轻瘫gastroparesis幽门螺杆菌感染helicobacter pylori infection胃炎gastritis慢性浅表性胃炎chronic superficial gastritis慢性非萎缩性胃炎chronic non-atrophic gastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎chronic atrophic gastritis自身免疫性萎缩性胃炎autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis 肠化生intestinal metaplasia异型增生dysplasia嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎eosinophilic gastroenteritis急性糜烂性胃炎acute erosive gastritisMenetrier 病Menetrier's disease门脉高压性胃病portal hypertensive gastropathy胃底静脉曲张gastric varices胃石gastric bezoar消化性溃疡病peptic ulcer disease胃溃疡gastric ulcer十二指肠溃疡duodenal ulcer难治性溃疡refractory ulcer溃疡出血ulcer bleedingForrest 分级Forrest ClassificationI级活动出血active bleedingla 喷射样出血spurting hemorrhageIb 渗血oozing hemorrhageII 级有近期出血征象stigmata of recent hemorrhageIIa 血管显露visible vesselIIb 血栓附着adherent clotIIc平坦的色素沉着flat pigmentationIII级干净的溃疡底部clean-base ulcersDieulafoy 病变Dieulafoy’s lesion穿孑1 perforation胃出口梗阻(幽门梗阻)gastric outlet obstruction应激性溃疡stress ulcers卓-艾综合征Zollinger-Ellison syndrome胃息肉gastric polyps胃底腺息肉fundic gland polyps增生性息肉Hyperplastic polyps腺瘤adenoma炎性纤维性息肉Inflammatory fibroid polyps胃腺癌gastric adenocarcinoma早期胃癌early gastric cancer进展期胃癌advanced gastric cancer鲍曼分型Borrmann classification上皮下肿瘤subepithelial tumor黏膜下肿瘤submucosal tumor黏膜下病变submucosal lesions胃肠道间质瘤gastrointestinal stromal tumors神经内分泌肿瘤neuroendocrine tumors类癌carcinoid tumors淋巴瘤lymphoma平滑肌瘤leiomyoma脂肪瘤lipoma异位胰腺pancreatic rest (aberrant pancreas)胃扭转gastric volvulus四、小肠和大肠美克尔憩室Meckel’s diverticulum慢性小肠假性梗阻chronic small intestinal pseudoobstruction 小肠细菌过度生长small intestinal bacterial overgrowth短肠综合征short bowel syndrome乳糜泻celiac disease吸收不良malabsorptionWhipple 病Whipple’s disease蛋白丢失性胃肠病protein-losing gastroenteropathy 抗生素相关腹泻antibiotic-associated diarrhea 伪膜性肠炎pseudomembranous enterocolitis 难辨梭菌感染Clostridium difficile infection炎症性肠病inflammatory bowel disease 克罗恩病Crohn’s disease蒙特利尔分类Montreal classification 发病年龄age of onset (A)A1 W16； A2 17-40 ； A3 >40位置localization (L)末端回肠terminal ileum (L1)结肠colon (L2)回结肠ileocolon (L3)上消化道upper gastrointestinal (L4) 临床行为behavior (B)非狭窄非穿透型nonstricturing nonpenetrating (B1) 狭窄型structuring 穿透型penetrating病情严重程度disease severity缓解期remission (S0)轻度mild中度moderate重度severe溃疡性结肠炎ulcerative colitis病变分布distribution of disease直肠炎型proctitis左半结肠炎型left-sided colitis广泛结肠炎型extensive colitis急性肠系膜缺血acute mesenteric ischemia肠系膜上动脉栓塞superior mesenteric artery embolus 急性肠系膜上动脉血栓形成acute thrombosis of superior mesenteric artery非闭塞性肠系膜缺血nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia肠系膜静脉血栓形成mesenteric venous thrombosis局灶节段性小肠缺血focal segmental ischemia of the small intestine缺血性结肠炎ischemic colitis结肠缺血colon ischemia白塞氏病BehQefs disease过敏性紫癜Henoch-Schonlein purpura阑尾炎appendicitis结肠憩室colonic diverticulum结肠憩室病diverticular disease of the colon憩室炎diverticulitis憩室出血diverticular hemorrhage肠易激综合征irritable bowel syndrome肠梗阻intestinal obstruction小肠梗阻small bowel obstruction结肠梗阻colonic obstruction麻痹性肠梗阻ileus假性肠梗阻pseudo-obstruction巨结肠megacolon结肠息肉colonic polyp管状腺瘤tubular adenoma绒毛状腺瘤villous adenoma绒毛管状腺瘤tubulovillous adenoma原位癌carcinoma in situ黏膜内癌intramucosal carcinoma侧向发育型肿瘤lateral(laterally) spreading tumor (LST) 锯齿状息肉serrated polyp增生(化生)性息肉hyperplastic polyp幼年性息肉juvenile polyp「-〕息肉Peutz-Jeghers polyp炎性息肉Inflammatory polyp家族性腺瘤息肉病familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) 错构瘤性息肉病hamartomatous polyposisP-J 综合征Peutz-Jeghers syndrome幼年性息肉病Juvenile polyposisCronkhite-Canada 综合征Cronkhite-Canada syndrome 结直肠癌colorectal cancer早期结肠癌early colonic caner进展期结肠癌advanced colonic cancer痔hemorrhoids内痔internal hemorrhoids夕卜痔external hemorrhoids肛裂anal fissure肛周脓肿perianal abscess月工瘘fistula-in-ano/ anorectal fistula结肠血管扩张angioectasia of the colon遗传学毛细血管扩张症hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease)五、胰腺急性胰腺炎acute pancreatitis胆源性胰腺炎gallstone pancreatitis酒精性胰腺炎Alcohol-induced pancreatitis轻症mild中重症moderately severe重症severe间质水肿性胰腺炎interstitial oedematous pancreatitis坏死性胰腺炎necrotising pancreatitis急性胰周液体积聚acute peripancreatic fluid collection (APFC)胰腺假性囊肿pancreatic pseudocyst急性坏死性积聚acute necrotic collection (ANC)包裹性坏死walled-off necrosis (WON)感染性坏死infected necrosis复发性胰腺炎recurrent pancreatitis慢性胰腺炎chronic pancreatitis自身免疫性胰腺炎autoimmune pancreatitisIgG4 相关性疾病IgG4-related disease胰管扩张pancreatic duct dilation胰腺囊性病变cystic lesions of the pancreas导管内乳头状粘液瘤intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm（IPMN）浆液性囊腺瘤serous cystic neoplasm粘液性囊腺瘤mucinous cystic neoplasm实性假乳头状瘤solid pseudopapillary tumor胰腺分裂pancreas divisum胰腺癌pancreatic cancer壶腹癌carcinoma of ampulla of vater六、胆道Oddi 括约肌功能障碍sphincter of Oddi dysfunction （SOD）月胆石症gallstone disease胆绞痛biliary pain急性胆囊炎acute cholecystitis慢性胆囊炎chronic cholecystitis胆总管结石choledocholithiasis胆管炎cholangitis化脓性胆管炎suppurative cholangitisMirizzi 综合征Mirizzi’s syndrome胆管恶性梗阻malignant biliary stricture胆管癌cholangiocarcinoma胆囊癌gallbladder carcinoma不明原因的胆管狭窄indeterminate biliary stricture胆管良性狭窄benign biliary strictures硬化性胆管炎sclerosing cholangitis原发性硬化性胆管炎primary sclerosing cholangitis七、肝脏肝硬化cirrhosis门脉高压portal hypertension 血色病hemochromatosis肝豆状核变性Wilson disease病毒性肝炎viral hepatitis甲型肝炎hepatitis A乙型肝炎hepatitis B丙型肝炎hepatitis C丁型肝炎hepatitis D戊型肝炎hepatitis E药物学肝损害drug-induced liver injury肝脓肿liver abscess布加综合征Budd-Chiari syndrome 门静脉血栓portal vein thrombosis 肝小静脉闭塞症hepatic veno-occlusive disease 缺血性肝炎ischemic hepatitis酒精性肝病alcoholic liver disease酒精性肝炎alcoholic hepatitis酒精性肝硬化alcoholic cirrhosis非酒精性脂肪性肝病nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 自身免疫性肝炎autoimmune hepatitis原发性胆汁性肝硬化primary bililary cirrhosis自发性细菌性腹膜炎spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy 肝肾综合征hepatorenal syndrome 肝肺综合征hepatopulmonary syndrome急性肝衰竭acute liver failure肝细胞癌hepatocellular carcinoma肝内胆管癌intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 肝囊肿hepatic cysts海绵状血管瘤cavernous hemangioma八、解剖及内镜术语胃窦antrum胃体body贲门cardia胃底fundus十二指肠duodenum肛门anus直肠rectum乙状结肠sigmoid colon降结肠descending colon横结肠transverse colon月干曲hepatic flexure升结肠ascending colon盲肠cecum空肠jejunum回肠ileum末端回肠terminal ileum内镜下静脉曲张套扎术endoscopic variceal ligation内镜下静脉曲张硬化治疗endoscopic sclerotherapy组织胶治疗cyanoacrylate injection therapy注射治疗injection therapy内镜下黏膜切除术endoscopic mucosal resection （EMR）内镜黏膜下剥离术endoscopic submucosal dissection（ESD）息肉切除术polypectomy内镜下扩张和支架置入术endoscopic dilation and stenting （stent placement）经皮内镜下胃造瘘术percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy （PEG）经口内镜下肌切开术peroral endoscopic myotomy （POEM）超声内镜endoscopic ultrasound（EUS）内镜下逆行胰胆管造影endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP）胶囊内镜capsule endoscopy双气囊小肠镜double-balloon endoscopeV1.0 王晔2017.2.1。
2消化系统
消化系统概述消化系统alimentary system包括消化管和消化腺两大部分。
消化管alimentary canal是指从口腔到肛门的管道，分为口腔、咽、食管、胃、小肠(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)和大肠(盲肠、阑尾、结肠、直肠和肛管)。
临床上通常把从口腔到十二指肠的这部分管道称上消化道，空肠以下的部分称下消化道。
消化腺alimentary gland按体积的大小和位置不同，可分为大消化腺和小消化腺两种。
大消化腺位于消化管壁外，成为一个独立的器官，所分泌的消化液经导管流入消化管腔内，如大唾液腺、肝和胰。
小消化腺分布于消化管壁内，位于粘膜层或粘膜下层，如唇腺、颊腺、舌腺、食管腺、胃腺和肠腺等。
第一节口腔口腔oral cavity是消化管的起始部，其前壁为上、下唇，侧壁为颊，上壁为腭，下壁为口腔底。
口腔向前经口唇围成的口裂通向外界，向后经咽峡与咽相通。
整个口腔借上、下牙弓(包括牙槽突和牙列)和牙龈分为前外侧部的口腔前庭oral vestibule和后内侧部的固有口腔oral cavity proper。
前者是上、下唇和颊与上、下牙弓和牙龈之间的狭窄空隙；后者位于上、下牙弓和牙龈所围成的空间，其顶为腭，底由粘膜、肌和皮肤组成。
一、口唇口唇oral lips分上唇和下唇。
口唇的游离缘是皮肤与粘膜的移行部称唇红，其内无粘液腺，但含有皮脂腺。
在上唇外面中线处有一纵行浅沟称人中。
在上唇的外面两侧与颊部交界处，各有一浅沟，称鼻唇沟。
口裂两侧，上、下唇结合处为口角，口角约平对第l磨牙。
在上、下唇内面正中线上，分别有上、下唇系带从口唇连于牙龈基部。
二、颊颊cheek是口腔的两侧壁。
在上颌第2磨牙牙冠相对的颊粘膜上有腮腺管乳头papilla of parotid duct，其上有腮腺管的开口。
三、腭腭palate是口腔的上壁，分隔鼻腔与口腔。
腭分硬腭和软腭两部分。
硬腭位于腭的前2/3，主要由骨腭(由上颌骨的腭突和腭骨的水平板构成)表面覆以粘膜构成。
消化内科英文单词
百度文库- 让每个人平等地提升自我消化系统--单词消化管食管esophagus贲门cardia胃gaster , stomach胃小弯lesser curvature胃大弯greater curvature壁细胞parietal cell幽门pylorus幽门括约肌pyloric sphincter 十二指肠duodenum空肠jejunum回肠ileum盲肠caecum乙状结肠sigmoid colon直肠rectum消化腺唾液腺salivary gland舌下腺sublingual glands下颌下腺submandibular gland 下颌骨mandible肝脏hepar, liver肝的hepatic肝细胞hepatocyte胆管bile duct胆囊gall bladder, cholecystis 胆囊管cystic duct胰腺pancreat消化的peptic脏层腹膜visceral peritoneum 网膜omentum粘膜mucosa粘液mucus浆膜serosa粪便faeces症状疾病吞咽困难disphagia外痔external haemorrhoid第二章消化系统Chapter 2 Digestive Systemaccessory pancreatic duct 副胰管accessory parotid gland 副腮腺aggregated lymphatic follicles 集合淋巴滤泡alimentary canal 消化管alimentary gland 消化腺alimentary system 消化系统ampulla of rectum 直肠壶腹anal canal 肛管anal columns 肛柱anal pecten 肛梳anal sinuses 肛窦anal valves 肛瓣angular incisure 角切迹anocutaneous line 肛皮线anorectal line 肛直肠线anus 肛门ascending colon 升结肠ascending part 升部bare arer 裸区body of gallbladder 胆囊体body of pancreas 胰体body of stomach 胃体caecum 盲肠canine teeth 尖牙cardia 贲门cardiac incisure 贲门切迹cardiac part 贲门部caudate lobe 尾状叶cavity of pharynx 咽腔colic bands 结肠带conon 结肠common bile duct 胆总管common hepatic duct 肝总管cystic duct 胆囊管deep part 深部descending colon 降结肠descending part 降部diaphragmatic surface 膈面duodenal bulb 十二指肠球duodenojejunal flexure 十二指肠空肠曲duodenum 十二指肠epiploic appendices 肠脂垂esophagus 食管falciform ligament 镰状韧带filiform papillae 丝状乳头fissure for ligamentum teres hepatic 肝圆韧带裂fissure ofrligamentum venosum 静脉韧带裂foliate palillae 叶状乳头fornix of stomach 胃穹窿fossa for gallbladder 胆囊窝fundus of gallbladder 胆囊底fundus of stomach 胃底gall bladder 胆囊genioglossus 颏舌肌greater curvature of stomach 胃大弯haemorrhoidal ring 痔环haustra of colon 结肠袋head of pancreas 胰头hepatic fissure 肝裂hepatopancreatic ampulla 肝胰壶腹horizontal part 水平部ileocecal orifice 回盲口ileocecal valve 回盲瓣ileum 回肠inferior duodenal flexure 十二指肠下曲isthmus of fauces 咽峡jejunum 空肠large intestine 大肠laryngopharynx 喉咽left colic flexure 结肠左曲left interlobar fissure 左叶间裂left intersegmental fissure左外叶段间裂left lobe of liver 肝左叶lesser curvature of stomach 胃小弯ligament of Treitz Treitz 韧带ligamentum teres hepatic 肝圆韧带ligamentum venosum 静脉韧带liver 肝longitudinal fold of duodenum 十二指肠纵襞major duodenal papilla 十二指肠大乳头minor duodenal papilla 十二指肠小乳头minor salivary glands 小唾液腺nasolabial sulcus 鼻唇沟nnasopharynx 鼻咽neck of gallbladder 胆囊颈neck of tooth 牙颈notch for ligamentum teres hepatis 肝圆韧带切迹pancreas 胰pancreatic duct 胰管papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头papillae of tougue 舌乳头parotid duct 腮腺管parotid gland 腮腺perineal flexure of rectum 直肠会阴曲periodontal membrane 牙周膜pharyngeal opening of auditory tube 咽鼓管咽口pharyngeal recess 咽隐窝pharyngeal tonsil 咽扁桃体pharynx 咽philtrum 人中piriform recess 梨状隐窝porta hepatis 肝门pyloric antrum 幽门窦pyloric canal 幽门管pyloric part 幽门部pyloric sphincter 幽门括约肌pyloric valve 幽门瓣pylorus 幽门quadrate lobe 方叶rectum 直肠right colic flexure 结肠右曲right interlobar fissure 右叶间裂right intersegmental fissure 右后叶段间裂right lobe of liver 肝右叶sasral flexure of rectum 直肠骶曲salivary gland 唾液腺secondary porta of liver 第2肝门sigmoid colon 乙状结肠small intestine 小肠soft palate 软腭solitary lymphatic follicles 孤立淋巴滤泡sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla 肝胰壶腹括约肌sphincter ani externus 肛门外括约肌sphincter ani internus 肛门内括约肌spiral fold 螺旋襞stomach 胃subcutaneous part 皮下部sulcus for vena cava 腔静脉沟superficial part 浅部superior duodenal flexure 十二指肠上曲superior part 上部suspensory ligament of duodenum 十二指肠悬韧带suspensoy muscle of duodenum 十二指肠悬肌tail of pancreas 胰尾terminal sulcus 界沟transverse colon 横结肠uncinate process 钩突vallate papillae 轮廓乳头vermiform appendix 阑尾visceral surface 脏面white line 白线ulcerative colits溃疡性结肠炎crpjms disease 克隆氏病inflammatory bowel disease IBS炎症性肠病fissurine ulcer裂隙状溃疡sulfasalazine sasp水杨酸偶氯磺胺吡啶skip area 跳跃区megacolon巨结肠diarrhea 腹泻colonoscopy 肠镜abdominal distention 腹水tenderness压痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛liver cirrhosis肝硬化hepatic cirrhosis肝硬化mcburneys point 麦氏点murphys sign 墨菲氏征hodgkings disease霍奇金病acute peritonitis 急性腹膜炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡barium enema 钡灌肠shifting dullness 移动性浊音umbilical region 脐部pneumoperitoneum气腹dough kneading sensation 揉面感perustalsis蠕动liver thrill 肝震颤courvoisiers sign 无痛胆囊肿大征sheehans disease席汉氏病gurgling sound 肠鸣音scratch sound搔弹音abdominal wall varoices 腹壁静脉曲张gastral patten 胃型friction sound 摩擦音apical belly尖腹frog belly腹水ascites 蛙腹cachexia 恶液质abdominal bulge腹部膨隆abdominal retraction 腹部凹陷epigestric region上腹部scaphoid abdomen舟状腹spider 蜘蛛痣board-like rigidity 板样硬度addisons disease 阿狄森病budd-chiaris syndrome 柏-查综合征cullens sign 腹部皮下兰色征costovertebral anbgle 肋脊角fluctuation波动感fluid thrill液波震颤succusion splash 震水音intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻ruler pressing test 尺压实验melena 黑便hepatic肝纤维化portal hyptrtension 门脉高压portal-systemic shunting 门体分流bridging necrosis 桥状坏死ascite jaundice黄疸hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病endoscopy内镜endoscopic biopy 活检diagnostic endoscopy 诊断内镜therapeutic endoscopy 治疗内镜gastroscopy胃镜colonoscopy肠镜fiberoptic endoscope纤维胃镜sclerotherapy硬化疗法endoscopic uffrasound 内镜超声esophaged endoscopy食管镜endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreat graphy ERCP内镜逆行胆管造影。