机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译第五单元
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译
Unit 1 MetalsUnit 2 Selection of Construction Materials淬透性：指在规定条件下，决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性。
即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力，它表示钢接受淬火的能力。
钢材淬透性好与差，常用淬硬层深度来表示。
淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好。
钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性，它只取决于其本身的内部因素，而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分，特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度，加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂，以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小，而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性，影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是：1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的，当C％小于1.2％时，随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高，显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移，钢的淬透性增大；当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移，淬透性下降。
其次是合金元素的影响，除钴外，绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后，均使C曲线右移，降低临界冷却速度，从而提高钢的淬透性。
2.奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响，粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移，降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性。
3.奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下，奥氏体成分越均匀，珠光体的形核率就越低，转变的孕育期增长，C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢，钢的淬透性越高。
4.钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响。
5.部分元素，例如Mn，Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用，但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响。
可锻性(forgeability)金属具有热塑性，在加热状态(各种金属要求温度不同)，可以进行压力加工，称为具有可锻性。
可锻性：指金属材料在压力加工时，能改变形状而不产生裂纹的性能。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语_Unit 05 Design of machine and machine elements
Design of machine elements
• On the other hand, if the machine is very expensive, or if weight is a factor, as in airplanes, design computations may then be made for almost all the parts. • 另一方面，如果机器非常昂贵，或者重量是 一个因素，就像飞机一样，那么几乎所有零 件都可以进行设计计算。
Design of machine and machine elements word
• • • • • • • rugged [ˈrʌgid] a. 结实的，坚固的 fillet [ˈfilit] n. 嵌条，(内) 圆角 notch [nɔtʃ] n. ; vt. 槽口，凹口，刻痕，开槽 tolerance [ˈtɔlərəns] n. ; vt. 公差，容许量 nuisance [ˈnju:sns] n. 讨厌的人或东西，麻烦事 loosen [ˈlu:sn] v. 解开，放松，松开 radiator [ˈreidieitə] n. 散热器，电暖炉，辐射体
• 负责设计一台机器的工程师，不仅应有足够的 技术训练，而且还必须是一个有正确(良好的)判 断力和丰富经验的人，只有花费大量(相当大的) 时间从事实际专业工作后才能获得这种素质。
8
Design of machine elements
• The principles of design are, of course, universal [ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:rsl]. The same theory or equations may be applied to a very small part, as in an instrument [ˈɪnstrəmənt], or, to a larger but similar part used in a piece of heavy equipment. • 当然，设计原则是普遍的。同样的理论或公 式可以应用于一个非常小的零件上，如在一 个仪器中，或在一个重型设备中使用的较大 但相似的零件上。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译超级大全
Unit 1 MetalsUnit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择淬透性：指在规定条件下,决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性.即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力，它表示钢接受淬火的能力.钢材淬透性好与差，常用淬硬层深度来表示.淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好.钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性，它只取决于其本身的内部因素，而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分,特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度,加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂，以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小,而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性,影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是：1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的,当C%小于1。
2％时，随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高,显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移，钢的淬透性增大；当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移,淬透性下降。
其次是合金元素的影响,除钴外，绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后,均使C曲线右移,降低临界冷却速度，从而提高钢的淬透性。
2.奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响,粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移,降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性。
3。
奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下,奥氏体成分越均匀,珠光体的形核率就越低，转变的孕育期增长,C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢，钢的淬透性越高.4.钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响.5。
部分元素，例如Mn,Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用，但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响。
可锻性（forgeability)金属具有热塑性，在加热状态(各种金属要求温度不同),可以进行压力加工,称为具有可锻性。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译超级大全
Unit 1 MetalsUnit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择淬透性：指在规定条件下，决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性。
即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力，它表示钢接受淬火的能力。
钢材淬透性好与差，常用淬硬层深度来表示。
淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好。
钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性，它只取决于其本身的内部因素，而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分，特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度，加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂，以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小，而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性，影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是：1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的，当C％小于1.2％时，随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高，显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移，钢的淬透性增大；当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移，淬透性下降。
其次是合金元素的影响，除钴外，绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后，均使C曲线右移，降低临界冷却速度，从而提高钢的淬透性。
2.奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响，粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移，降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性。
3.奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下，奥氏体成分越均匀，珠光体的形核率就越低，转变的孕育期增长，C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢，钢的淬透性越高。
4.钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响。
5.部分元素，例如Mn，Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用，但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响。
可锻性(forgeability)金属具有热塑性，在加热状态(各种金属要求温度不同)，可以进行压力加工，称为具有可锻性。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业课程中英文翻译
机械设计制造及其自动化军训及军事理论Military Training and Military Theory计算机实用基础2 Introduction to Computer Application大学英语College English体育Physical Education工科数学分析2 Advanced Mathematics代数与几何 2 Linear Algebra Advanced Algebra and Geometry思想道德修养与法律基础Ideological and Moral Cultivation and Law Basics大学英语College English体育大学物理2 College Physics工科数学分析2C语言程序设计 C Language中国近现代史纲要Modern History of China法语二外（上）The Second Foreign Language French工业造型设计Modeling Design of Industrial Products大学英语College English大学物理2 College Physics大学物理实验1 Experiment in College Physics概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics电工技术1 Electrical Engineering电工与电子技术综合实验1 Experiment for Electrical and Electronic Engineering工程图学（CAD）1 Mechanical Graphing理论力学1 Theoretical Mechanics工程力学实验1 Experiment for Engineering Mechanics毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论Introduction to Mao Zedong Thoughts, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Important Thought of "Three Represents"文化素质教育系列讲座Cultural quality education lectures体育西方文明简史History of western civilization Introduction to Functional Materials机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle工程训练（金工实习）engineering training Metal Working Practice大学物理实验1电子技术1 Electronic Engineering电工与电子技术综合实验1机械原理Principle of Mechanics Mechanical Principles工程图学（CAD）1工程力学实验（材力）1材料力学1 Mechanics of Materials马克思主义基本原理Principles of Marxism文化素质教育系列讲座文化素质教育系列讲座体育项目管理Project Management法语二外（下）法语入门1机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design工程训练（电子工艺实习）electronic process practice Practice on Electronic Working Techniques互换性与测量技术基础Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement工程流体力学Engineering Fluid Mechanics自动控制原理3 Automatic Control Theory电工学新技术实践The new technology of electronics practice机械设计Mechanical Design工程材料成型技术基础Engineering material molding technology机械工程材料Engineering Materials文化素质教育系列讲座文化素质教育系列讲座创新设计与制作Innovation design and production复变函数与积分变换Complex Function Functions of Complex V ariables & Integral Transformation社会热点问题评价evaluation of social issues知识产权"Intellectual Property Law"认识实习Cognition Practice制造系统自动化技术Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System传热学Heat Transfer文化素质教育系列讲座机电控制系统分析与设计Mechanical-Electrical Control system数控技术Numerical Control Technology机械制造装备设计Machinery manufacturing equipment design液压传动Hydraulic Transmission测试技术与仪器Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design机械制造技术基础foundation of machine manufacturing technology综合课程设计1 Comprehensive Course Exercise生产实习Production Practice Field Practice现代机械设计方法The modern machinery design method机械动态设计Mechanical Dynamic Design机械结构有限元分析Finite Element of Mechanical Structures Finite Element Analysis and Programming Finite Element Analysis for Mechanical Structures机电系统智能化控制技术（双语Mechanical and electrical system intelligent control technology 综合课程设计2机械优化设计Optimum Design of MachineryMechanical Optimum Design毕业设计Graduation Thesis工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译
Unit 1 Metals金属Unit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择淬透性：指在规定条件下，决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性。
即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力，它表示钢接受淬火的能力。
钢材淬透性好与差，常用淬硬层深度来表示。
淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好。
钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性，它只取决于其本身的内部因素，而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分，特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度，加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂，以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小，而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性，影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是：1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的，当C％小于1.2％时，随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高，显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移，钢的淬透性增大；当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移，淬透性下降。
其次是合金元素的影响，除钴外，绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后，均使C曲线右移，降低临界冷却速度，从而提高钢的淬透性。
2.奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响，粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移，降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性。
3.奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下，奥氏体成分越均匀，珠光体的形核率就越低，转变的孕育期增长，C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢，钢的淬透性越高。
4.钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响。
5.部分元素，例如Mn，Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用，但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响。
可锻性(forgeability)金属具有热塑性，在加热状态(各种金属要求温度不同)，可以进行压力加工，称为具有可锻性。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译
Unit 1Metals金属The use of metals has always been a key在人类社会的发展中，金属的应用factor in the development of the social systems起着重点性的作用。
构成物质的大概100 种of man. Of the roughly 100 basic elements of基本元素中，大概有一半为金属。
金属和非which all matter is composed, about half are金属之间的差别不是特别显然。
最基本的定classified as metals. The distinction between a义集中在元素原子间存在的连结形式和与这metal and a nonmetal is not always clear-cut.些原子有关系的电子的某些特征。
但是，在The most basic definition centers around the实质应用中，能够将拥有某些特征会合金属type of bonding existing between the atoms of定义为某种元素。
the element, and around the characteristics ofcertain of the electrons associated with theseatoms. In a more practical way, however, ametal can be defined as an element which has aparticular package of properties.Metals are crystalline when in the solid除了少量例外金属在常温下是固态state and, with few exceptions (e.g. mercury),的。
机械设计制造及其自动化《专业英语》翻译
2、应力和应变在任何工程结构中独立的部件或构件将承受来自于部件的使用状况或工作的外部环境的外力作用。
如果组件就处于平衡状态,由此而来的各种外力将会为零,但尽管如此,它们共同作用部件的载荷易于使部件变形同时在材料里面产生相应的内力。
有很多不同负载可以应用于构件的方式。
负荷根据相应时间的不同可分为:(a)静态负荷是一种在相对较短的时间内逐步达到平衡的应用载荷。
(b)持续负载是一种在很长一段时间为一个常数的载荷, 例如结构的重量。
这种类型的载荷以相同的方式作为一个静态负荷; 然而,对一些材料与温度和压力的条件下,短时间的载荷和长时间的载荷抵抗失效的能力可能是不同的。
(c)冲击载荷是一种快速载荷(一种能量载荷)。
振动通常导致一个冲击载荷, 一般平衡是不能建立的直到通过自然的阻尼力的作用使振动停止的时候。
(d)重复载荷是一种被应用和去除千万次的载荷。
(e)疲劳载荷或交变载荷是一种大小和设计随时间不断变化的载荷。
上面已经提到，作用于物体的外力与在材料里面产生的相应内力平衡。
因此,如果一个杆受到一个均匀的拉伸和压缩，也就是说, 一个力,均匀分布于一截面,那么产生的内力也均匀分布并且可以说杆是受到一个均匀的正常应力,应力被定义为应力==负载 P /压力 A,因此根据载荷的性质应力是可以压缩或拉伸的,并被度量为牛顿每平方米或它的倍数。
如果一个杆受到轴向载荷，即是应力，那么杆的长度会改变。
如果杆的初始长度L和改变量△L已知，产生的应力定义如下:应力==改变长△L /初始长 L因此应力是一个测量材料变形和无量纲的物理量 ,即它没有单位;它只是两个相同单位的物理量的比值。
一般来说,在实践中,在荷载作用下材料的延伸是非常小的, 测量的应力以*10-6的形式是方便的, 即微应变, 使用的符号也相应成为ue。
从某种意义上说，拉伸应力与应变被认为是正的。
压缩应力与应变被认为是负的。
因此负应力使长度减小。
当负载移除时，如果材料回复到初始的，无负载时的尺寸时，我们就说它是具有弹性的。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译超级大全
Unit 1 MetalsUnit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择淬透性:指在规定条件下，决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性.即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力，它表示钢接受淬火的能力。
钢材淬透性好与差,常用淬硬层深度来表示。
淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好。
钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性，它只取决于其本身的内部因素,而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分，特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度，加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂,以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小,而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性，影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是:1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的，当C%小于1.2％时，随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高，显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移，钢的淬透性增大；当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移,淬透性下降.其次是合金元素的影响，除钴外，绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后，均使C曲线右移，降低临界冷却速度,从而提高钢的淬透性.2。
奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响，粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移，降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性。
3。
奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下,奥氏体成分越均匀，珠光体的形核率就越低，转变的孕育期增长，C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢，钢的淬透性越高。
4。
钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响。
5。
部分元素，例如Mn，Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用,但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响.可锻性（forgeability)金属具有热塑性，在加热状态(各种金属要求温度不同)，可以进行压力加工，称为具有可锻性。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译超级大全
Unit 1 MetalsUnit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择淬透性：指在规定条件下,决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性.即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力,它表示钢接受淬火的能力。
钢材淬透性好与差，常用淬硬层深度来表示。
淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好.钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性,它只取决于其本身的内部因素,而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分，特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度,加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂，以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小，而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性，影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是:1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的，当C％小于1.2%时,随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高，显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移,钢的淬透性增大；当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移，淬透性下降。
其次是合金元素的影响，除钴外,绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后,均使C曲线右移，降低临界冷却速度，从而提高钢的淬透性.2。
奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响,粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移，降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性.3.奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下,奥氏体成分越均匀，珠光体的形核率就越低,转变的孕育期增长，C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢，钢的淬透性越高。
4。
钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响。
5.部分元素，例如Mn,Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用，但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响。
可锻性(forgeability）金属具有热塑性，在加热状态（各种金属要求温度不同)，可以进行压力加工，称为具有可锻性.可锻性：指金属材料在压力加工时,能改变形状而不产生裂纹的性能。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译超级大全.docx
U n i t1M e t a l s金属The use of metals has always been a key factor in the development of the social systems of man. Of the roughly 100 basic elements of which all matter is composed, about half are classified as metals. The distinction between a metal and a nonmetal is not always clear-cut. The most basic definition centers around the type of bonding existing between the atoms of the element, and around the characteristics of certain of the electrons associated with these atoms. In a more practical way, however, a metal can be defined as an element which has a particular在人类社会的发展中，金属的应用起着关键性的作用。
构成物质的大约100种基本元素中，大约有一半为金属。
金属和非金属之间的区别不是特别明显。
最基本的定义集中在元素原子间存在的连接形式和与这些原子相关联的电子的某些特性。
然而，在实际应用中，可以将具有某些特性集合金属定义为某种元素。
除了少数例外金属在常温下是固态的。
它们是热和电的良导体，不透光。
它们往往具有较高的密度。
许多金属具有延展性，也就是说，在不被破坏的情况下它们的形状在外力的作用下可以发生变化。
引起永久变形所需的力和最终使金属断裂所需的力相当大，尽管发生断裂所需的力远没有像所预期的撕开金属原子所package of properties.Metals are crystalline when in the solid state and, with few exceptions (e.g. mercury), are solid at ambient temperatures. They are good conductors of heat and electricity and are opaque to light. They usually have a comparatively high density. Many metals are ductile-that is, their shape can be changed permanently by the application of a force without breaking. The forces required to cause this deformation and those required to break or fracture a metal are comparatively high, although, the fracture forces is not nearly as high as would be expected from simple consideration of the forces 需的力那么大。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译
Unit 1 Metals金属Unit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择Unit 3 Mechanical Properties of MaterialsUnit 16 Open-loop and Closed-loop ControlOpen-loop Control Systems(Nonfeedback Systems)开环控制系统（无反馈系统）The word automatic implies that there is a certain amount of sophistication in the control system. By automatic, it generally means that the system is usually capable of adapting to a variety of operating conditions and is able to respond to a class of inputs satisfactorily.自动化一词意味着在控制系统中有一定数量采用先进的技术，它通常意味着系统有普遍适应的能力，对于操作环境的变化能够响应一类令人满意的输入However, not any type of control system has the automatic feature. Usually, the automatic feature is achieved by feeding the output variable back and comparing it with the command signal. When a system does not have the feedback structure, it is called an open-loop system， which is the simplestand most economical type of control system. 然而，不是任何一个控制系统都具有自动化特征。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语Mechanical Design, Manufacturing, and Automation in Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Design, Manufacturing, and Automation is a specialized field within mechanical engineering that focuses on the design, development, and production of machinery and automation systems. This field combines principles of engineering, physics, and materials science to create innovative solutions for various industries.In this field, engineers utilize computer-aided design (CAD) software to design components and systems that meet specific requirements. They use knowledge of mechanical principles to determine the most efficient way to manufacture these components, considering factors such as material selection, manufacturing processes, and cost. Engineers also collaborate with other professionals, such as materials scientists and electrical engineers, to ensure that the final product meets all design specifications.One key aspect of mechanical design is the use of computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software to program machines and automated systems. This allows engineers to control the manufacturing process and optimize efficiency. CAM software enables engineers to generate tool paths for machining operations, simulate the manufacturing process, and detect potential issues before production begins.The field of mechanical design, manufacturing, and automation encompasses various sub-disciplines, including machine design, robotics, mechatronics, and control systems.Machine design involves the design of individual machines or mechanical systems that perform specific tasks. Robotics focuses on the design and development of robots that can perform tasks autonomously or with human guidance. Mechatronics combines mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer science to design and control systems that integrate mechanical and electrical components. Control systems engineering involves designing systems that regulate and control the behavior of mechanical and electrical systems.Due to the broad scope of mechanical design, manufacturing, and automation, professionals in this field have a wide range of career opportunities. They can work in industries such as automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, and energy. Some common job titles in this field include mechanical engineer, design engineer, manufacturing engineer, robotics engineer, and automation engineer. These professionals may work on various projects, ranging from designing and developing new products to improving existing manufacturing processes.In conclusion, mechanical design, manufacturing, and automation is a specialized field within mechanical engineering that focuses on the design, development, and production of machinery and automation systems. It combines principles of engineering, physics, and materials science to create innovative solutions for various industries. Professionals in this field utilize CAD and CAM software to design components and systems, program machines, and optimize manufacturing processes. With a wide range of career opportunities, this field offers exciting possibilities for those interested in creating and improving mechanical systems.。
已整理机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译
Unit 1 Metals金属Unit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择淬透性：指在规定条件下，决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性。
即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力，它表示钢接受淬火的能力。
钢材淬透性好与差，常用淬硬层深度来表示。
淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好。
钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性，它只取决于其本身的内部因素，而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分，特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度，加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂，以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小，而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性，影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是：1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的，当C％小于1.2％时，随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高，显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移，钢的淬透性增大；当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移，淬透性下降。
其次是合金元素的影响，除钴外，绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后，均使C曲线右移，降低临界冷却速度，从而提高钢的淬透性。
2.奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响，粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移，降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性。
3.奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下，奥氏体成分越均匀，珠光体的形核率就越低，转变的孕育期增长，C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢，钢的淬透性越高。
4.钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响。
5.部分元素，例如Mn，Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用，但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响。
可锻性(forgeability)金属具有热塑性，在加热状态(各种金属要求温度不同)，可以进行压力加工，称为具有可锻性。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译超级大全
Unit 1 MetalsUnit 2 Selection of Construction Materials工程材料的选择淬透性：指在规定条件下，决定钢材淬硬深度和硬度分布的特性。
即钢淬火时得到淬硬层深度大小的能力，它表示钢接受淬火的能力。
钢材淬透性好与差，常用淬硬层深度来表示。
淬硬层深度越大，则钢的淬透性越好。
钢的淬透性是钢材本身所固有的属性，它只取决于其本身的内部因素，而与外部因素无关。
钢的淬透性主要取决于它的化学成分，特别是含增大淬透性的合金元素及晶粒度，加热温度和保温时间等因素有关。
淬透性好的钢材，可使钢件整个截面获得均匀一致的力学性能以及可选用钢件淬火应力小的淬火剂,以减少变形和开裂。
淬透性主要取决于其临界冷却速度的大小，而临界冷却速度则主要取决于过冷奥氏体的稳定性，影响奥氏体的稳定性主要是：1.化学成分的影响碳的影响是主要的，当C%小于1.2％时，随着奥氏体中碳浓度的提高，显著降低临界冷却速度，C曲线右移,钢的淬透性增大;当C％大于时，钢的冷却速度反而升高，C曲线左移,淬透性下降.其次是合金元素的影响，除钴外,绝大多数合金元素溶入奥氏体后，均使C曲线右移，降低临界冷却速度,从而提高钢的淬透性。
2。
奥氏体晶粒大小的影响奥氏体的实际晶粒度对钢的淬透性有较大的影响，粗大的奥氏体晶粒能使C曲线右移，降低了钢的临界冷却速度。
但晶粒粗大将增大钢的变形、开裂倾向和降低韧性。
3.奥氏体均匀程度的影响在相同冷度条件下,奥氏体成分越均匀，珠光体的形核率就越低,转变的孕育期增长，C曲线右移，临界冷却速度减慢,钢的淬透性越高。
4.钢的原始组织的影响钢的原始组织的粗细和分布对奥氏体的成分将有重大影响。
5。
部分元素,例如Mn，Si等元素对提高淬透性能起到一定作用,但同时也会对钢材带来其他不利的影响。
可锻性(forgeability)金属具有热塑性，在加热状态(各种金属要求温度不同),可以进行压力加工，称为具有可锻性.可锻性：指金属材料在压力加工时,能改变形状而不产生裂纹的性能。
机械设计制造及其自动化毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译
机械设计创造及其自动化毕业论文外文文献翻译INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY译文题目专业机械设计创造及其自动化外文资料翻译INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY（From ELECTRICAL AND MACHINERY INDUSTRY）ABSTRACTMachinery was the modern science and technology development inevitable result, this article has summarized the integration of machinery technology basic outline and the development background .Summarized the domestic and foreign integration of machinery technology present situation, has analyzed the integration of machinery technology trend of development.Key word： integration of machinery ，technology， present situation ，product t，echnique of manufacture ，trend of development0. Introduction modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation .In mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management systemof by machinery for the characteristic integration ofdevelopment phase.1. Integration of machinery outline integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call. The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content .But its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, sensing observation and control technology, electric power electronic technology, connection technology, information conversion technology as well as software programming technology, according to the system function goal and the optimized organization goal, reasonable disposition and the layout various functions unit, in multi-purpose, high grade, redundant reliable, in the low energy consumption significance realize the specific function value, and causes the overall system optimization the systems engineering technology .From this produces functional system, then becomes an integration of machinery systematic or the integration of machinery product. Therefore, of coveringtechnology is based on the above community technology organic fusion one kind of comprehensive technology, but is not mechanical technical, the microelectronic technology as well as other new technical simple combination, pieces together .This is the integration of machinery and the machinery adds the machinery electrification which the electricity forms in the concept basic difference .The mechanical engineering technology has the merely technical to develop the machinery electrification, still was the traditional machinery, its main function still was replaces with the enlargement physical strength .But after develops the integration of machinery, micro electron installment besides may substitute for certain mechanical parts the original function, but also can entrust with many new functions,like the automatic detection, the automatic reduction information, demonstrate the record, the automatic control and the control automatic diagnosis and the protection automatically and so on .Not only namely the integration of machinery product is human's hand and body extending, human's sense organ and the brains look, has the intellectualized characteristic is the integration of machinery and the machinery electrification distinguishes in the function essence.2. Integration of machinery development condition integration of machinery development may divide into 3 stages roughly.20th century 60's before for the first stage, this stage is called the initial stage .In this time, the people determination not on own initiative uses the electronic technology the preliminary achievement to consummate the mechanical product the performance .Specially in Second World War period, the war has stimulated the mechanical product and the electronic technology union, these mechanical and electrical union military technology, postwar transfers civilly, to postwar economical restoration positive function .Developed and the development at that time generally speaking also is at the spontaneouscondition .Because at that time the electronic technology development not yet achieved certain level, mechanical technical and electronic technology union also not impossible widespread and thorough development, already developed the product was also unable to promote massively. The 20th century 70~80 ages for the second stage, may be called the vigorous development stage .This time, the computer technology, the control technology, the communication development, has laid the technology base for the integration of machinery development . Large-scale, ultra large scale integrated circuit and microcomputer swift and violent development, has provided the full material base for the integration of machinery development .This time characteristic is :①A mechatronics word first generally is accepted in Japan, probably obtains the quite widespread acknowledgment to 1980s last stages in the worldwide scale ;②The integration of machinery technology and the product obtained the enormous development ;③The various countries start to the integration of machinery technology and the product give the very big attention and the support. 1990s later periods, started the integration of machinery technology the new stagewhich makes great strides forward to the intellectualized direction, the integration of machinery enters the thorough development time .At the same time, optics, the communication and so on entered the integration of machinery, processes the technology also zhan to appear tiny in the integration of machinery the foot, appeared the light integration of machinery and the micro integration of machinery and so on the new branch; On the other hand to the integration of machinery system modeling design, the analysis and the integrated method, the integration of machinery discipline system and the trend of development has all conducted the thorough research .At the same time, because the hugeprogress which domains and so on artificial intelligence technology, neural network technology and optical fiber technology obtain, opened the development vast world for the integration of machinery technology .These research, will urge the integration of machinery further to establish the integrity the foundation and forms the integrity gradually the scientific system. Our country is only then starts from the beginning of 1980s in this aspect to study with the application .The State Councilsummary had considered fully on international the influence which and possibly brought from this about the integration of machinery technology developmenttrend .Many universities, colleges and institutes, the development facility and some large and middle scale enterprises have done the massive work to this technical development and the application, does not yield certain result, but and so on the advanced countries compared with Japan still has the suitable disparity.3. Integration of machinery trend of development integrations of machinery are the collection machinery, the electron, optics, the control, the computer, the information and so on the multi-disciplinary overlapping syntheses, its development and the progress rely on and promote the correlation technology development and the progress .Therefore, the integration of machinery main development direction is as follows:3.1 Intellectualized intellectualizations are 21st century integration of machinery technological development important development directions .Theartificial intelligence obtains day by day in the integration of machinery constructor's research takes, the robot and the numerical control engine bedis to the machine behavior description, is in the control theory foundation, the absorption artificial intelligence, the operations research, the computer science, the fuzzy mathematics, the psychology, the physiology and the chaos dynamics and so on the new thought, the new method, simulate the human intelligence, enable it to have abilities and so on judgment inference, logical thinking, independent decision-making, obtains the higher control goal in order to .Indeed, enable the integration of machinery product to have with the human identical intelligence, is not impossible, also is nonessential .But, the high performance, the high speed microprocessor enable the integration of machinery product to have preliminary intelligent or human's partial intelligences, then is completely possible and essential.In the modern manufacture process, the information has become the control manufacture industry the determining factor, moreover is the most active actuation factor .Enhances the manufacture system information-handling capacity to become the modern manufacture science development a key point .As a result of the manufacture system information organization and structure multi-level, makes the information the gain, the integration and the fusion presents draws up the character, information measure multi-dimensional, as well as information organization's multi-level .In the manufacture information structural model, manufacture information uniform restraint, dissemination processing and magnanimous data aspects and so on manufacture knowledge library management, all also wait for further break through.Each kind of artificial intelligence tool and the computation intelligence method promoted the manufacture intelligence development in the manufacture widespread application .A kind based on the biological evolution algorithm computation intelligent agent, in includes thescheduling problem in the combination optimization solution area of technology, receives the more and more universal attention, hopefully completes the combination optimization question when the manufacture the solution speed and the solution precision aspect breaks through the question scale in pairs the restriction .The manufacture intelligence also displays in: The intelligent dispatch, the intelligent design, the intelligent processing, the robot study, the intelligent control, the intelligent craft plan, the intelligent diagnosis and so on are various These question key breakthrough, may form the product innovation the basic research system. Between 2 modern mechanical engineering front science different science overlapping fusion will have the new science accumulation, the economical development and society's progress has had the new request and the expectation to the science and technology, thus will form the front science .The front science also has solved and between the solution scientific question border area .The front science has the obvious time domain, the domain and the dynamic characteristic .The project front science distinguished in the general basic science important characteristic is it has covered the key science and technology question which the project actual appeared.Manufacture system is a complex large-scale system, for satisfies the manufacture system agility, the fast response and fast reorganization ability, must profit from the information science, the life sciences and the social sciences and so on the multi-disciplinary research results, the exploration manufacture system new architecture, the manufacture pattern and the manufacture system effective operational mechanism .Makes the system optimization the organizational structure and the good movement condition is makes the system modeling , the simulation and the optimized essential target .Not only the manufacture system new architecture to makes the enterprise the agility and may reorganize ability to the demand response ability to have the vital significance, moreover to made the enterprise first floor production equipment the flexibility and may dynamic reorganization ability set a higher request .The biological manufacture view more and more many is introduced the manufacture system, satisfies the manufacture system new request.The study organizes and circulates method and technique of complicated system from the biological phenomenon, is a valid exit which will solve many hard nut to cracks that manufacturing industry face from now on currently .Imitating to living what manufacturing point is mimicry living creature organ of from the organization, from match more, from growth with from evolution etc. function structure and circulate mode of a kind of manufacturing system and manufacturing process.The manufacturing drives in the mechanism under, continuously by one's own perfect raise on organizing structure and circulating mode and thus to adapt the process of[with] ability for the environment .For from descend but the last product proceed together a design and make a craft rules the auto of the distance born, produce system of dynamic state reorganization and product and manufacturing the system tend automatically excellent provided theories foundation and carry out acondition .Imitate to living a manufacturing to belong to manufacturing science and life science of"the far good luck is miscellaneous to hand over", it will produce to the manufacturing industry for 21 centuries huge of influence .机电一体化摘要机电一体化是现代科学技术发展的必然结果,本文简述了机电一体化技术的基本概要和发展背景。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译超级大全.docx
U n i t1M e t a l s金属The use of metals has always been a key factor in the development of the social systems of man. Of the roughly 100 basic elements of which all matter is composed, about half are classified as metals. The distinction between a metal and a nonmetal is not always clear-cut. The most basic definition centers around the type of bonding existing between the atoms of the element, and around the characteristics of certain of the electrons associated with these atoms. In a more practical way, however, a metal can be defined as an在人类社会的发展中，金属的应用起着关键性的作用。
构成物质的大约100种基本元素中，大约有一半为金属。
金属和非金属之间的区别不是特别明显。
最基本的定义集中在元素原子间存在的连接形式和与这些原子相关联的电子的某些特性。
然而，在实际应用中，可以将具有某些特性集合金属定义为某种元素。
除了少数例外金属在常温下是固态的。
它们是热和电的良导体，不透光。
它们往往具有较高的密度。
许多金属具有延展性，也就是说，在不被破坏的情况下它们的形状在外力的作用下可以发生变化。
引起永久变形所需的力和最终使金属断裂所需的力相当大，尽管发生断裂所需的力远element which has a particular package of properties.Metals are crystalline when in the solid state and, with few exceptions (e.g. mercury), are solid at ambient temperatures. They are good conductors of heat and electricity and are opaque to light. They usually have a comparatively high density. Many metals are ductile-that is, their shape can be changed permanently by the application of a force without breaking. The forces required to cause this deformation and those required to break or fracture a metal are comparatively high, although, the fracture forces is not nearly as high as would be expected from simple 没有像所预期的撕开金属原子所需的力那么大。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语Mechanical Design, Manufacturing, and Automation in EnglishIntroduction:Mechanical Design, Manufacturing, and Automation is a specialized field within engineering that focuses on the design, development, and production of mechanical systems and automated processes. This field requires a strong knowledge of engineering principles, manufacturing techniques, and automation technologies. In this text, we will explore the key concepts, methodologies, and technologies associated with Mechanical Design, Manufacturing, and Automation.1. Mechanical Design:Mechanical design is the process of creating and developing mechanical systems, components, and products. It involves various stages, including conceptualization, analysis, and detailed design. The main objective of mechanical design is to ensure that the resulting product meets the desired functionality, performance, and safety requirements.1.1 Conceptualization:During the conceptualization stage, engineers brainstorm and generate ideas for new products or improvements to existing ones. They consider factors such as market needs, customer requirements, and technological advancements. This stage often involves sketching, prototyping, and conducting feasibility studies.1.2 Analysis:In the analysis stage, engineers evaluate the proposed designs using computer-aided design (CAD) software and simulation tools. They assess factors such as structural integrity, thermal performance, fluid dynamics, and ergonomics. This analysis helps identify potential issues and refine the design before moving to the detailed design phase.1.3 Detailed Design:During the detailed design phase, engineers develop the final design specifications and create detailed drawings and models. They consider factors such as material selection, manufacturing processes, and assembly requirements. This stage involves collaboration with manufacturing engineers to ensure that the design can be efficiently manufactured.2. Manufacturing:Manufacturing is the process of transforming raw materials into finished products through various production techniques. It involves a series of steps, including material preparation, machining, assembly, and quality control. Efficient manufacturing plays a crucial role in ensuring product quality, cost-effectiveness, and timely delivery.2.1 Material Preparation:Material preparation involves selecting and preparing the appropriate raw materials for the manufacturing process. This may include cutting, shaping, and treating the materials to meet the desired specifications. Material properties, such as strength, durability, and corrosion resistance, are carefully considered during this stage.2.2 Machining:Machining is the process of shaping and forming materials using various cutting tools and machines. Common machining techniques include milling, turning, drilling, and grinding. Computer numerical control (CNC) machines are often used to automate and enhance the precision of these processes.2.3 Assembly:Assembly is the process of combining individual components to create a final product. This may involve manual labor or the use of automated assembly systems. Assembly techniques vary depending on the complexity of the product and can include methods such as welding, soldering, and fastening.2.4 Quality Control:Quality control is an essential aspect of manufacturing. It involves inspecting and testing the products at various stages to ensure they meet the specified standards. This may include dimensional checks, material testing, and functional testing. Quality control helps identify and rectify any defects or deviations from the desired specifications.3. Automation:Automation refers to the use of technology and machines to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. In the context of mechanical design and manufacturing, automation plays a significant role in improving productivity, efficiency, and consistency.3.1 Robotics:Robotic automation involves the use of robots to perform repetitive or complex tasks. Robots can be programmed to handle tasks such as material handling, assembly, and quality inspection. They can significantly increase production speed and accuracy while reducing the risk of human error.3.2 Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM):Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) involves the use of computer software to control and optimize manufacturing processes. CAM systems generate instructions for machines, such as CNC machines, based on the design specifications. This automation reduces manual intervention and improves the precision and efficiency of manufacturing.3.3 Internet of Things (IoT):The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected devices that can communicate and exchange data. In the context of manufacturing, IoT enables the integration and monitoring of various machines and systems. This connectivity allows for real-time data collection, analysis, and control, leading to improved efficiency, predictive maintenance, and quality control.Conclusion:Mechanical Design, Manufacturing, and Automation is a multidisciplinary field that combines engineering principles, manufacturing techniques, and automation technologies. It involves the design, development, and production of mechanical systems and automated processes. By understanding the key concepts and methodologies discussed in this text, professionals in this field can contribute to the advancement of technology and innovation in various industries.。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译（部分）
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译（部分）Unit 23The most obvious trend in the direction of mechatronic innovation can be observed in the automobile industry. There was a time when a car wasprimarily a mechanical marvel with a few electronic appendages. 在机电一体化改革方向最明显的趋势可以在汽车行业观察到。
曾经有一段时间，汽车主要是一个有几个电子附件组成的机械奇迹。
A recent U.S. Department of commerce report entitled “JTECH Panel report on Mechatronics in Ja pan” compared U.S. and Japanese research and development trends in specific areas of mechatro nics technology. Except for a few areas, the technology necessary to accomplish the development of the next generation of systems embodying the principles of mechatronics is fully within the te chnological reach of the Japanese.最近美国商务部的报告题为“JTECH小组报告日本的机电一体化“相比美国和日本在特定领域的机电一体化技术的研究和发展趋势。
除了少数地区,开发下一代系统需要创新技术体现机电一体化的原则上是必须在其技术达到的日本的程度Unit 24Unit 25First, a robot is a “reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator.”In this phrase RIA tells us that a robot can be taught (reprogrammed) to do more than one job by changing the information store d in its memory. A robot can be reprogrammed to load and unload machines, weld, and do many other jobs (multifunctional). A robot is a “manipulator”.A manipulator is an arm (or hand) that ca n pick up or movingthings. At this point we know that a robot is an arm that can be taught to do different jobs.首先，机器人是“可再程序化的多功能操作器”。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译第五单元
Unit5 Design of machine and machine elements机器和机器零件的设计Machine design机器设计Machine design is the art of planning or devising new or improved machines to accomplish specific purposes. In general, a machine will consist of a combination of several different mechanical elements properly designed and arranged to work together，as a whole。
During the initial planning of a machine, fundamental decisions must be made concerning loading，type of kinematic elements to be used, and correct utilization of the properties of engineering materials。
Economic considerations are usually of prime importance when the design of new machinery is undertaken. In general，the lowest over-all costs are designed。
Consideration should be given not only to the cost of design，manufacture the necessary safety features and be of pleasing external appearance. The objective is to produce a machine which is not only sufficiently rugged to function properly for a reasonable life, but is at the same time cheap enough to be economically feasible.机器设计为了特定的目的而发明或改进机器的一种艺术。
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Unit5 Design of machine and machine elements机器和机器零件的设计Machine design机器设计Machine design is the art of planning or devising new or improved machines to accomplish specific purposes. In general, a machine will consist of a combination of several different mechanical elements properly designed and arranged to work together, as a whole. During the initial planning of a machine, fundamental decisions must be made concerning loading, type of kinematic elements to be used, and correct utilization of the properties of engineering materials. Economic considerations are usually of prime importance when the design of new machinery is undertaken. In general, the lowest over-all costs are designed. Consideration should be given not only to the cost of design, manufacture the necessary safety features and be of pleasing external appearance. The objective is to produce a machine which is not only sufficiently rugged to function properly for a reasonable life, but is at the same time cheap enough to be economically feasible.机器设计为了特定的目的而发明或改进机器的一种艺术。
一般来讲，机器时有多种不同的合理设计并有序装配在一起的部件构成的，在最初的机器设计阶段，必须基本明确负载、元件的运动情况、工程材料的合理使用性能。
负责新机器的设计最初的最重要的是经济性考虑。
一般来说，选择总成本最低的设计方案，不仅要考虑设计、制造、销售、安装的成本。
还要考虑服务的费用，机械要保证必要的安全性能和美观的外形。
制造机器的目标不仅要追求保证只用功能的合理寿命，还要保证足够便宜以同时保证其经济的可行性。
The engineer in charge of the design of a machine should not only have adequate technical training, but must be a man of sound judgment and wide experience, qualities which are usually acquired only after considerable time has been spent in actual professional work.负责设计机器的工程师，不仅要经过专业的培训，而且必须是一个准确判断而又有丰富经验的人，具有一种有足够时间从事专门的实际工作的素质。
Design of machine elements机器零件的设计The principles of design are, of course, universal. The same theory or equations may be applied to a very small part, as in an instrument, or, to a larger but similar part used in a piece of heavy equipment. In no ease, however, should mathematical calculations be looked upon as absolute and final. They are all subject to the accuracy of the various assumptions, which must necessarily be made in engineering work. Sometimes only a portion of the total number of parts in a machine are designed on the basis of analytic calculations. The form and size of the remaining parts are designed on the basis of analytic calculations. On the other hand, if the machine is very expensive, or if weight is a factor, as in airplanes, design computations may then be made for almost all the parts.相同的理论或方程可应用在一个一起的非常小的零件上，也可用在一个复杂的设备的大型相似件上，既然如此，毫无疑问，数学计算是绝对的和最终的。
他们都符合不同的设想，这必须由工程量决定。
有时，一台机器的零件全部计算仅仅是设计的一部分。
零件的结构和尺寸通常根据实际考虑。
另一方面，如果机器和昂贵，或者质量很重要，例如飞机，那麽每一个零件都要设计计算。
The purpose of the design calculations is, of course, to attempt to predict the stress or deformation in the part in order that it may sagely carry the loads, which will be imposed on it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine. All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests. A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests such as tension, compression, torsion, and fatigue and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.当然，设计计算的目的是试图预测零件的应力和变形，以保证其安全的带动负载，这是必要的，并且其也许影响到机器的最终寿命。
当然，所有的计算依赖于这些结构材料通过试验测定的物理性能。
国际上的设计方法试图通过从一些相对简单的而基本的实验中得到一些结果，这些试验，例如结构复杂的及现代机械设计到的电压、转矩和疲劳强度。
In addition, it has been amply proved that such details as surface condition, fillets, notches, manufacturing tolerances, and heat treatmenthave a market effect on the strength and useful life of a machine part. The design and drafting departments must specify completely all such particulars, must specify completely all such particulars, and thus exercise the necessary close control over the finished product.另外，可以充分证明，一些细节，如表面粗糙度、圆角、开槽、制造公差和热处理都对机械零件的强度及使用寿命有影响。
设计和构建布局要完全详细地说明每一个细节，并且对最终产品进行必要的测试。
As mentioned above, machine design is a vast field of engineering technology. As such, it begins with the conception of an idea and follows through the various phases of design analysis, manufacturing, marketing and consumerism. The following is a list of the major areas of consideration in the general field of machine design:综上所述，机械设计是一个非常宽的工程技术领域。
例如，从设计理念到设计分析的每一个阶段，制造，市场，销售。
以下是机械设计的一般领域应考虑的主要方面的清单：①Initial design conception; 最初的设计理念②Strength analysis;受力分析③Materials selection;材料的选择④Appearance; 外形⑤Manufacturing;制造⑥Safety;安全性⑦Environment effects;环境影响⑧Reliability and life; 可靠性及寿命Strength is a measure of the ability to resist, without fails, forces which cause stresses and strains. The forces may be;在没有破坏的情况下，强度是抵抗引起应力和应变的一种量度。