Maps and Atlas 雅思阅读真经
【最新】《雅思阅读真经》问题解答word版本 (1页)
【最新】《雅思阅读真经》问题解答word版本本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==《雅思阅读真经》问题解答问：真经 TEST 3 上的问题harvey ，我刚刚做完真经的 TEST 3，有几道题不太明白，麻烦你帮看一下!P 177-3、 It is Archimedes who made the first estimate of 文章中我没有找到谁是 first ，也没有说他不是 first ，那么为什么不是 NG 呢?P 181-20、 Australia has the highest death toll of skin cancer . toll 在这里是什么意思呢?如果当通行税，文中相应的意思我也没找到，为什么不能是 NG 呢?如果是代价，为什么不能选 T ?P 181-21、 Australians need to be instructed that sun exposure may cause skin cancer . Sorry 呀! 我在文中没找到，写的还是 NG 。
同样的还有 P 184-29、 Psychometrics was cited in Einsteins Grand Theory of Relativity .我还是没找到。
文中只是说 when Einstein published his Grand Theory of Relativity , mass - scale testing was already in use . 并没有提与 cite 有关的呀?还有一道选择题 P 184-33、一个有着6岁心理年龄的8岁小孩，测试分数根据文章来推为什么不是低于100，选75那项呢?最后一个问题是 P 178-11、12、13，这三道题是乱序的吧，考试乱序的题多不多呢?因为单词量不是很多，有的时候就靠一些顺序以及语法来做题，所以比较关注这方面的问题。
剑桥雅思12Test7雅思阅读passage 1参考译文
剑桥雅思12Test7雅思阅读passage 1参考译文——空运而来的乌龟推荐：剑桥雅思12Test7雅思阅读passage 1真题+解析空运的放归计划帮助环保者采取重要措施保护瀕危的加拉帕戈斯电A 起伏不平的火山岩平原上大部分覆盖着多刺的仙人掌丛林，正是这片平原将加拉幀戈斯的伊莎贝拉岛的内陆与太平洋分隔开来。
岛上散布着五座迥异的火山，这使得它的地貌如月球一般。
只有谢拉?内格拉火山云雾缭绕的山峰周围茂密的植被才使得山下贫瘠的地势显得不那么单调。
这种恶劣的环境是加拉帕戈斯巨龟的栖息地。
在加拉幀戈斯群岛形成后的一段时间后，大约五百万年前，南美大陆上的一种或多种乌龟迁徙到该群岛。
随着这些祖辈的乌龟栖息于各个岛屿之上，不同的种群适应了它们各自独特的环境，产生了至少14种不同的亚种。
岛上的生活很适合它们。
在缺乏大型捕食者的条件下，它们长成了世界上最大最长寿的乌龟，重达400多公斤，个别的超过1.8米长，寿命超过一个世纪。
B 在人类抵达之前，群岛上的乌龟以数十万计。
自17世纪以来，海盗捕获了一些乌龟并带上船食用，但自18世纪90年代以来捕鲸船的到来见证了这种掠夺急剧性地增长。
这些巨龟相对不爱活动，并且在缺乏饮食的情况下也能生存数月之久，因此它们被捕上船充当海上漫长航行的食物补给。
有时它们的肉体被加工成优质的油料。
总计在20 世纪之前从该群岛上捕走了约20万只动物。
这种历史上的掠夺在定居者到来之后更加变衣加厉:人们猎捕巨龟并破坏了它们的栖息地以开荒种地。
他们还带来了外来物种——从牛羊猪狗和老鼠到植物和蚂蚁——这些物种要么以巨龟卵和小巨龟为食，要么破坏它们的栖息地。
C 目前只有11种原始的亚种巨龟存活，并且其中有一些是高度濒危的。
1989年伊莎贝拉岛上 Puerto Villamil城外的巨龟抚育中心开始运行，旨在保护该岛的巨龟种群数量。
该中心的捕猎繁育计划结果非常成功，最终它不得不面对种群数量过大的问题。
D 这个问题也曾是个迫切的问题。
剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析（test3）
剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test3)为了帮助大家更好地备考雅思阅读，下面小编给大家分享剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test3)，希望对你们有用。
剑桥雅思阅读4原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth‘I am from a large, poor family and for many years we have done without breakfast. Ever since I joined the Street Kids International program I have been able to buy my family sugar and buns for breakfast. I have also bought myself decent second-hand clothes and shoes.’Doreen Soko‘We’ve had business experience. Now I’m confident to expand what we’ve been doing. I’ve learnt cash management, and the way of keeping money so we save for re-investment. Now business is a part of our lives. As well, we didn’t know each other before —now we’ve made new friends.’Fan KaomaParticipants in the Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative Program, ZambiaIntroductionAlthough small-scale business training and credit programs have become more common throughout the world, relatively little attention has been paid to the need to direct such opportunities to young people. Even less attention has been paid to children living on the street or in difficult circumstances.Over the past nine years, Street Kids International (S.K.I.) hasbeen working with partner organisations in Africa, Latin America and India to support the economic lives of street children. The purpose of this paper is to share some of the lessons S.K.I. and our partners have learned.BackgroundTypically, children do not end up on the streets due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventurous play and money. However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or no protection, to exploitative employment, urban crime, and abuse.Children who work on the streets are generally involved in unskilled, labour-intensive tasks which require long hours, such as shining shoes, carrying goods, guarding or washing cars, and informal trading. Some may also earn income through begging, or through theft and other illegal activities. At the same time, there are street children who take pride in supporting themselves and their families and who often enjoy their work. Many children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, is less exploitative than many forms of paid employment, and is flexible enough to allow them to participate in other activities such as education and domestic tasks.Street Business PartnershipsS.K.I. has worked with partner organisations in Latin America, Africa and India to develop innovative opportunities for street children to earn income.The S.K.I. Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in this enterprise were supplied with bicycles, whichthey used to deliver parcels and messages, and which they were required to pay for gradually from their wages. A similar program was taken up in Bangalore, India.Another successful project, The Shoe Shine Collective, was a partnership program with the Y.W.C.A. in the Dominican Republic. In this project, participants were lent money to purchase shoe shine boxes. They were also given a safe place to store their equipment, and facilities for individual savings plans.The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Society and the Y.W.C.A. Street youths are supported to start their own small business through business training, life skills training and access to credit.Lessons learnedThe following lessons have emerged from the programs that S.K.I. and partner organisations have created.Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child. Ideally, potential participants will have been involved in the organisation’s programs for at least six months, and trust and relationship-building will have already been established.The involvement of the participants has been essential to the development of relevant programs. When children have had a major role in determining procedures, they are more likely to abide by and enforce them.It is critical for all loans to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and life skills.There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program, where such relationships exist. Home visits allow staff the opportunity to know where the participants live, and to understand more about each individual’s situation.Small loans are provided initially for purchasing fixed assetssuch as bicycles, shoe shine kits and basic building materials for a market stall. As the entrepreneurs gain experience, the enterprises can be gradually expanded and consideration can be given to increasing loan amounts. The loan amounts in S.K.I. programs have generally ranged from US$30-$100.All S.K.I. programs have charged interest on the loans, primarily to get the entrepreneurs used to the concept of paying interest on borrowed money. Generally the rates have been modest (lower than bank rates).ConclusionThere is a need to recognise the importance of access to credit for impoverished young people seeking to fulfil economic needs. The provision of small loans to support the entrepreneurial dreams and ambitions of youth can be an effective means to help them change their lives. However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive businesses.Questions 1-4Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.1 The quotations in the box at the beginning of the articleA exemplify the effects of S.K.I.B explain why S.K.I. was set up.C outline the problems of street children.D highlight the benefits to society of S.K.I.2 The main purpose of S.K.I. is toA draw the attention of governments to the problem of street children.B provide school and social support for street children.C encourage the public to give money to street children.D give business training and loans to street children.3 Which of the following is mentioned by the writer as a reason why children end up living on the streets?A unemploymentB warC povertyD crime4 In order to become more independent, street children mayA reject paid employment.B leave their families.C set up their own businesses.D employ other children.Questions 5-8Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.Country Organisations Involved Type of Project Support Provided5………………and………………S.K.I courier service ? provision of 6………………………Dominican Republic ? S.K.IY.W.C.A 7………………… ? loansstorage facilitiessavings plansZambia ? S.K.I.The Red CrossY.W.C.A. setting up small businesses ? business training8…………trainingaccess to creditQuestions 9-12Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the wirterNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this9 Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support.10 In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.11 Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.12 The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.Question 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answer in box 13 on your answer sheet.The writers conclude that money should only be lent to street childrenA as part of a wider program of aid.B for programs that are not too ambitious.C when programs are supported by local businesses.D if the projects planned are realistic and useful.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-27Reading Passage 2 has four sections A-D.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-vi in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of HeadingsI Causes of volcanic eruptionIi Efforts to predict volcanic eruptionIii Volcanoes and the features of our planetIv Different types of volcanic eruptionV International relief effortsVi The unpredictability of volcanic eruptions14 Section A15 Section B16 Section C17 Section DVolcanoes-earth-shattering newsWhen Mount Pinatubo suddenly erupted on 9 June 1991, the power of volcanoes past and present again hit the headlinesA Volcanoes are the ultimate earth-moving machinery. A violent eruption can blow the top few kilometres off a mountain, scatter fine ash practically all over the globe and hurl rock fragments into the stratosphere to darken the skies a continent away.But the classic eruption — cone-shaped mountain, big bang, mushroom cloud and surges of molten lava — is only a tiny part of a global story. Vulcanism, the name given to volcanic processes, really has shaped the world. Eruptions have rifted continents, raised mountain chains, constructed islands and shaped the topography of the earth. The entire ocean floor has abasement of volcanic basalt.Volcanoes have not only made the continents, they are also thought to have made the world’s first stable atmosphere and provided all the water for the oceans, rivers and ice-caps. There are now about 600 active volcanoes. Every year they add two or three cubic kilometres of rock to the continents. Imagine a similar number of volcanoes smoking away for the last 3,500 million years. That is enough rock to explain the continental crust.What comes out of volcanic craters is mostly gas. More than 90% of this gas is water vapour from the deep earth: enough to explain, over 3,500 million years, the water in the oceans. The rest of the gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, methane, ammonia and hydrogen. The quantity of these gases, again multiplied over 3,500 million years, is enough to explain the mass of the world’s atmosphere. We are alive because volcanoes provided the soil, air and water we need.B Geologists consider the earth as having a molten core, surrounded by a semi-molten mantle and a brittle, outer skin. It helps to think of a soft-boiled egg with a runny yolk, a firm but squishy white and a hard shell. If the shell is even slightly cracked during boiling, the white material bubbles out and sets like a tiny mountain chain over the crack — like an archipelago of volcanic islands such as the Hawaiian Islands. But the earth is so much bigger and the mantle below is so much hotter.Even though the mantle rocks are kept solid by overlying pressure, they can still slowly ‘flow’ like thick treacle. The flow, thought to be in the form of convection currents, is powerful enough to fracture the ‘eggshell’ of the crust into plates, and keep them bumping and grinding against each other, or even overlapping, at the rate of a few centimetres a year. Thesefracture zones, where the collisions occur, are where earthquakes happen. And, very often, volcanoes.C These zones are lines of weakness, or hot spots. Every eruption is different, but put at its simplest, where there are weaknesses, rocks deep in the mantle, heated to 1,350℃, will start to expand and rise. As they do so, the pressure drops, and they expand and become liquid and rise more swiftly.Sometimes it is slow: vast bubbles of magma — molten rock from the mantle — inch towards the surface, cooling slowly, to show through as granite extrusions (as on Skye, or the Great Whin Sill, the lava dyke squeezed out like toothpaste that carries part of Hadrian’s Wall in no rthern England). Sometimes — as in Northern Ireland, Wales and the Karoo in South Africa —the magma rose faster, and then flowed out horizontally on to the surface in vast thick sheets. In the Deccan plateau in western India, there are more than two million cubic kilometres of lava, some of it 2,400 metres thick, formed over 500,000 years of slurping eruption.Sometimes the magma moves very swiftly indeed. It does not have time to cool as it surges upwards. The gases trapped inside the boiling rock expand suddenly, the lava glows with heat, it begins to froth, and it explodes with tremendous force. Then the slightly cooler lava following it begins to flow over the lip of the crater. It happens on Mars, it happened on the moon, it even happens on some of the moons of Jupiter and Uranus. By studying the evidence, vulcanologists can read the force of the great blasts of the past. Is the pumice light and full of holes? The explosion was tremendous. Are the rocks heavy, with huge crystalline basalt shapes, like t he Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland? It was a slow, gentle eruption.The biggest eruptions are deep on the mid-ocean floor, where new lava is forcing the continents apart and widening the Atlantic by perhaps five centimetres a year. Look at maps of volcanoes, earthquakes and island chains like the Philippines and Japan, and you can see the rough outlines of what are called tectonic plates —the plates which make up the earth’s crust and mantle. The most dramatic of these is the Pacific ‘ring of fire’ wh ere there have been the most violent explosions —Mount Pinatubo near Manila, Mount St Helen’s in the Rockies and El Chichón in Mexico about a decade ago, not to mention world-shaking blasts like Krakatoa in the Sunda Straits in 1883.D But volcanoes are not very predictable. That is because geological time is not like human time. During quiet periods, volcanoes cap themselves with their own lava by forming a powerful cone from the molten rocks slopping over the rim of the crater; later the lava cools slowly into a huge, hard, stable plug which blocks any further eruption until the pressure below becomes irresistible. In the case of Mount Pinatubo, this took 600 years.Then, sometimes, with only a small warning, the mountain blows its top. It did this at Mon t Pelée in Martinique at 7.49 a.m. on 8 May, 1902. Of a town of 28,000, only two people survived. In 1815, a sudden blast removed the top 1,280 metres of Mount Tambora in Indonesia. The eruption was so fierce that dust thrown into the stratosphere darkened the skies, cancelling the following summer in Europe and North America. Thousands starved as the harvests failed, after snow in June and frosts in August. Volcanoes are potentially world news, especially the quiet ones.Questions 18-21Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet.18 What are the sections of the earth’s crust, often associated with volcanic activity, called?19 What is the name given to molten rock from the mantle?20 What is the earthquake zone on the Pacific Ocean called?21 For how many years did Mount Pinatubo remain inactive?Questions 22-26Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.Volcanic eruptions have shaped the earth’s land surface. They may also have produced the world’s atmosphere and 22…… . Eruptions occur when molten rocks from the earth’s mantle rise and expand. When they become liquid, they move quickly through cracks in the surface. There are different types of eruption. Sometimes the 23……. moves slowly and forms outcrops of granite on the earth’s surface. When it moves more quickly it may flow out in thick horizontal sheets. Examples of this type of eruption can be found in Northern Ireland, Wales, South Africa and 24…… . A third type of eruption occurs when the lava emerges very quickly and 25…… violently. This happens because the magma moves so suddenly that 26…… are emitted.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 belowObtaining Linguistic DataA Many procedures are available for obtaining data about alanguage. They range from a carefully planned, intensive field investigation in a foreign country to a casual introspection about one’s mother tongue carried out in an armchair at home.B In all cases, someone has to act as a source of language data — an informant. Informants are (ideally) native speakers of a language, who provide utterances for analysis and other kinds of information about the language (e.g. translations, comments about correctness, or judgements on usage). Often, when studying their mother tongue, linguists act as their own informants, judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions. The convenience of this approach makes it widely used, and it is considered the norm in the generative approach to linguistics. But a lin guist’s personal judgements are often uncertain, or disagree with the judgements of other linguists, at which point recourse is needed to more objective methods of enquiry, using non-linguists as informants. The latter procedure is unavoidable when working on foreign languages, or child speech.C Many factors must be considered when selecting informants —whether one is working with single speakers (a common situation when languages have not been described before), two people interacting, small groups or large-scale samples. Age, sex, social background and other aspects of identity are important, as these factors are known to influence the kind of language used. The topic of conversation and the characteristics of the social setting (e.g. the level of formality) are also highly relevant, as are the personal qualities of the informants (e.g. their fluency and consistency). For larger studies, scrupulous attention has been paid to the sampling theory employed, and in all cases, decisions have to be made about thebest investigative techniques to use.D Today, researchers often tape-record informants. This enables the linguist’s claims about the language to be checked, and provides a way of making those claims more accurate (‘difficult’ pieces of speech can be li stened to repeatedly). But obtaining naturalistic, good-quality data is never easy. People talk abnormally when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor. A variety of tape-recording procedures have thus been devised to minimise the ‘observer’s paradox’ (how to observe the way people behave when they are not being observed). Some recordings are made without the speakers being aware of the fact — a procedure that obtains very natural data, though ethical objections must be anticipated. Alternatively, attempts can be made to make the speaker forget about the recording, such as keeping the tape recorder out of sight, or using radio microphones. A useful technique is to introduce a topic that quickly involves the speaker, and stimulates a natural language style (e.g. asking older informants about how times have changed in their locality).E An audio tape recording does not solve all the linguist’s problems, however. Speech is often unclear and ambiguous. Where possible, therefore, the recording has to be supplemented by the observer’s written comments on the non-verbal behaviour of the participants, and about the context in general.A facial expression, for example, can dramatically alter the meaning of what is said. Video recordings avoid these problems to a large extent, but even they have limitations (the camera cannot be everywhere), and transcriptions always benefit from any additional commentary provided by an observer.F Linguists also make great use of structured sessions, inwhich they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviours. With a bilingual informant, or through use of an interpreter, it is possible to use translation techniques (‘How do you say table in your language?’). A large number of points can be covered in a short time, using interview worksheets and questionnaires. Often, the researcher wishes to obtain information about just a single variable, in which case a restricted set of questions may be used: a particular feature of pronunciation, for example, can be elicited by asking the informant to say a restricted set of words. There are also several direct methods of elicitation, such as asking informants to fill in the blanks in a substitution frame (e.g. I___ see a car), or feeding them the wrong stimulus for correction (‘Is it possible to say I no can see?’).G A representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplementedby data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.Questions 27-31Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs labeled A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27 the effect of recording on the way people talk28 the importance of taking notes on body language29 the fact that language is influenced by social situation30 how informants can be helped to be less self-conscious31 various methods that can be used to generate specific dataQuestions 32-36Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.METHODS OF OBTAINING LINGUISTIC DATA ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES32……as informant convenient method of enquiry not objective enoughNon-linguist as informant necessary with 33…… and child speech the number of factors to be consideredRecording an informant allows linguists’ claims to be checked 34……of soundVideoing an informant allows speakers’ 35…… to be observed 36……might mi ss certain thingsQuestions 37-40Complete the summary of paragraph G below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37…… . Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38…… . The length of time the process takes will affect the 39…… of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40…… of those who speak the language concerned.剑桥雅思阅读4原文参考译文(test3)Passage1参考译文Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth流浪儿童的小型企业贷款‘I am from a large, poor family and for many years we have done without breakfast. Ever since I joined the Street Kids International program I have been able to buy my family sugar and buns for breakfast. I have also bought myself decent second-hand clothes and shoes.’Doreen Soko“我来自一个贫困的大家庭。
雅思地图题范文
雅思地图题范文雅思地图题是指考生需要描述和分析一幅地图的题目。
下面是一个关于雅思地图题的范文：The maps illustrate the changes that have taken place in a coastal area over a period of 60 years, between 1950 and 2010. The first map shows the area as it appeared in 1950, while the second map depicts the changes that have occurred by 2010.Overall, the most noticeable change is the development in the area. In 1950, the coast consisted mainly of natural features, including a sandy beach, some rocks, and a small area of vegetation. However, by 2010, the area had been transformed into a residential area with various buildings and infrastructure.In 1950, the beach occupied a large portion of the coastal area, extending from the northwest to the southeast. There were a few patches of vegetation scattered along the beach, particularly in the northeast corner. There were also a couple of rocks protruding from the water near the shore. On the other side of the beach, there was a small patch of flat land with some trees.By 2010, the beach had significantly reduced in size, with the sand giving way to residential buildings. In the northwest, there were a cluster of houses facing the beach, with a road running parallel to the coastline. Towards the southeast, there was a larger residential area, complete with a school, a shopping center, and a recreational park. The rocks that were present in 1950 had been removed to make way for a marina, where several boats and yachts weremoored.Furthermore, the area of vegetation in the northeast corner had been turned into a golf course, with well-manicured lawns and several ponds. The patch of flat land on the other side of the beach had been transformed into a golf driving range. In addition, a road had been constructed to connect the residential area to the rest of the city.In conclusion, the coastal area in question has undergone significant development over the past six decades. The beach has been overtaken by residential buildings, a marina has been built, and a large golf course and driving range have also been established.。
2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案
2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案最近的雅思考试难度越来越大，真题是大家主要参考的内容，那么7月20号的考试是怎样的呢？今天就跟着一起来看看2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。
P1 Solving an Arctic Mystery 北极科考船（2014.10.25旧题）文章主旨：对北极科考船失踪事件的调查。
包含判断7，填空6参考答案：判断1-4：1. TRUE2. NOT GIVEN3. FALSE4. FALSE5. NOT GIVEN6. FALSE7.TRUE填空8-13：8. geology9. sonar10. manufactured11.water12.engines13.stories参考原文：TORONTO （AP）- One of two British explorer ships that disappeared in the Arctic more 160 years ago has been found，Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced Tuesday. The HMS Erebus and HMS Terror were last seen in the late 1840s. Canada announced in 2008 that it would search for the ships ledby British Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin.Harper， speaking in Ottawa， said it remains unclear which ship has been found，but images show there＇s enough information to confirm it＇s one of the pair.Franklin and 128 hand-picked officers and men vanished on an expedition begun in 1845 to find the fabled Northwest Passage. Franklin＇s disappearance prompted one of history＇s largest and longest rescue searches， from 1848 to 1859， which resulted in the passage＇s discovery.The route runs from the Atlantic to the Pacific through the Arctic archipelago. European explorers sought the passage as a shorter route to Asia， but found it rendered inhospitable by ice and weather.＂This is truly a historic moment for Canada，＂ said Harper，who was beaming， uncharacteristically. ＂This has been a great Canadian story and mystery and the subject of scientists，historians，writers and singers so I think we really have an important day in mapping the history of our country.＂Harper＇s government began searching for Franklin＇s ships as it looked to assert Canada＇s sovereignty over the Northwest Passage，where melting Arctic ice has unlocked the very shipping route Franklin was after.The original search for the ships helped open up parts of the Canadian Arctic for discovery back in the 1850s. Harper said the ship was found Sunday using a remotely operated underwater vehicle. The discovery comes shortly after a team of archeologists found a tiny fragment from the Franklin expedition. Searchers discovered an iron fitting that once helped support a boat from one of the doomed expedition＇s ships in the King William Island search area.Franklin＇s vessels are among the most sought-after prizes in marine archaeology. Harper said the discovery would shed light on what happened to Franklin＇s crew.Tantalizing traces have been found over the years，including the bodies of three crewmen discovered in the 1980s.The bodies of two English seamen - John Hartnell， 25， and Royal Marine William Braine， 33 - were exhumed in 1986. An expedition uncovered the perfectly preserved remains of a petty officer， John Torrington， 20， in an ice-filled coffin in 1984.Experts believe the ships were lost in 1848 after they became locked in the ice near King William Island and that the crews abandoned them in a hopeless bid to reach safety.The search for an Arctic passage to Asia frustrated explorers for centuries，beginning with John Cabot＇s voyage in 1497. Eventually it became clear that a passage did exist， but was too far north for practical use. Cabot， the Italian-British explorer，died in 1498 while trying to find it and the shortcut eluded other famous explorers including Henry Hudson and Francis Drake. No sea crossing was successful until Roald Amundsen of Norway completed his trip from 1903-1906.P2 蜂王（英文标题待补充）文章主旨：待补充参考答案：待补充参考原文：待补充P3 Nature works for Nature Works™PLA新型塑料（2017.10.14旧题）文章主旨：对一种新型塑料的特性的介绍参考答案：判断27-30：27. B28. C29. F30. A填空（流程图）31-34：31. starch32. fermentation33. condensation34. polymer单选35-38：35. B36. C37. A38. D单选39-40：39. A40. C参考原文：AA dozen years ago，scientists at Cargill got the idea of converting lactic acid made from corn into plastic while examining possible new uses for materials produced from corn wet milling processes. In the past，several efforts had been made to develop plastics from lactic acid，but with limited success. Achieving this technological breakthrough didn’t come easily， but in time the efforts did succeed. A fermentation and distillation process using com was designed to create a polymersuitable for a broad variety of applications.BAs an agricultural based firm， Cargill had taken this product as far as it could by 1997. The company needed a partner with access to plastics markets and polymerization capabilities， and began discussions with The Dow Chemical Company. The next step was the formation of the joint venture that created Cargill Dow LLC. Cargill Dow’s product is the world’s first commercially available plastic made from annually renewable resources such as com：Nature Works™ PLA is a family of packaging polymers （carbon-based molecules）made from non-petroleum based resources.Ingeo is a family of polymers for fibers made in a similar manner.CBy applying their unique technology to the processing of natural plant sugars，Cargill Dow has created a more environmentally friendly material that reaches the consumer in clothes，cups，packaging and other products. While Cargill Dow is a stand-alone business，it continues to leverage the agricultural processing， manufacturing and polymer expertise of the two parent companies in order to bring the best possible products to market.DThe basic raw materials for PLA are carbon dioxide and water. Growing plants， like com take these building blocks from the atmosphere and the soil. They are combined in the plant to make carbohydrates （sucrose and starch） through a process driven by photosynthesis. The process for making Nature Works PLA begins when a renewable resource such as corn is milled，separating starch from the raw material. Unrefined dextrose， inturn， is processed from the starch.ECargill Dow turns the unrefined dextrose into lactic acid using a fermentation process similar to that used by beer and wine producers. This is the same lactic acid that is used as a food additive and is found in muscle tissue in the human body. Through a special condensation process，a lactide is formed. This lactide is purified through vacuum distillation and becomes a polymer （the base for NatureWorks PLA） that is ready for use through a solvent-free melt process. Development of this new technology allows the company to “harvest” the carbon that living plants remove from the air through photosynthesis. Carbon is stored in plant starches，which can be broken down into natural plant sugars. The carbon and other elements in these natural sugars are then used to make NatureWorks PLA.FNature Works PLA fits all disposal systems and is fully compostable in commercial composting facilities. With the proper infrastructure， products made from this polymer can be recycled back to a monomer and re-used as a polymer. Thus， at the end of its life cycle， a product made from Nature Works PLA can be broken down into its simplest parts so that no sign of it remains.GPLA is now actively competing with traditional materials in packaging and fiber applications throughout the world； based on the technology’s success and promise，Cargill Dow is quickly becoming a premier player in the polymers market. This new polymer now competes head-on with petroleum-based materials like polyester. A wide range of products that vary inmolecular weight and crystallinity can be produced，and the blend of physical properties of PLA makes it suited for a broad range of fiber and packaging applications. Fiber and non-woven applications include clothing，fiberfill，blankets and wipes. Packaging applications include packaging films and food and beverage containers.HAs Nature Works PLA polymers are more oil- and grease-resistant and provide a better flavor and aroma barrier than existing petroleum-based polymers，grocery retailers are increasingly using this packaging for their fresh foods. As companies begin to explore this family of polymers，more potential applications are being identified. For example，PLA possess two properties that are particularly useful for drape fabrics and window furnishings. Their resistance to ultraviolet light is particularly appealing as this reduces the amount of fading in such fabrics， and their refractive index is low， which means fabrics constructed from these polymers can be made with deep colors without requiring large amounts of dye. In addition， sportswear makers have been drawn to the product as it has an inherent ability to take moisture away from the skin and when blended with cotton and wool， the result is garments that are lighter and better at absorbing moisture.IPLA combines inexpensive large-scale fermentation with chemical processing to produce a value-added polymer product that improves the environment as well. The source material for PLA is a natural sugar found in plants such as com and using such renewable feedstock presents several environmental benefits. As an alternative to traditional petroleum-based polymers，theproduction of PLA uses 20%-50% less fossil fuel and releases a lower amount of greenhouse gasses than comparable petroleumbased plastic；carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is removed when the feedstock is grown and is returned to the earth when the polymer is degraded. Because the company is using raw materials that can be regenerated year after year， it is both cost competitive and environmentally responsible.。
雅思阅读真经5完整解析
雅思阅读真经5完整解析
雅思阅读真经5是指《The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS》第五版，是备考雅思阅读考试的重要资料。
该书包含了丰富
的阅读材料和相关练习题，对于备考雅思阅读的考生来说是一本非
常有参考价值的书籍。
下面我将从多个角度对雅思阅读真经5进行
全面解析。
首先，雅思阅读真经5包含了丰富的阅读材料，涵盖了各种不
同主题和类型的文章，包括科学、历史、文化、社会等多个领域的
文章。
这些文章的难度和长度也各不相同，能够帮助考生全面提升
阅读能力，适应不同类型的阅读材料。
其次，该书提供了大量的阅读练习题，这些练习题包括了各种
题型，如选择题、配对题、判断题等，能够帮助考生熟悉考试题型，掌握解题技巧。
同时，书中还附有详细的答案解析，对于考生来说
是很好的自测和自我纠正的工具。
此外，雅思阅读真经5还提供了一些阅读技巧和策略，帮助考
生在有限的时间内高效地解决阅读难题。
这些技巧包括快速定位关
键信息、抓住文章结构、提炼文章主旨等，对于提高考生的阅读效
率和准确性有很大帮助。
最后，雅思阅读真经5作为备考雅思阅读的资料，是由剑桥大
学出版社出版的权威教材，具有很高的权威性和可信度。
考生可以
放心地使用这本书进行备考，相信能够取得很好的效果。
总的来说，雅思阅读真经5是一本非常有参考价值的备考资料，通过系统地学习和练习，考生可以有效地提升自己的阅读能力，为
取得理想的雅思阅读成绩打下坚实的基础。
希望我的解析能够对你
有所帮助。
作文范文之雅思小作文地图题给分
作文范文之雅思小作文地图题给分雅思小作文地图题给分【篇一：雅思小作文地图题】雅思小作文题型多样，其中就包括地图题，本文将详细讲解雅思小作文地图题写作技巧。
评分标准?ta – task achievement 任务完成情况?cc – coherence and cohesion 意合与形合?lr – lexical resource 词汇资源?gra – grammatical range and accuracy 语法广度与精确度审题the map below shows the development of the village of ryemouth between 1995 and present.文章结构第一段第二段描述1995年的地图第三段拿现在的地图和95年的做对比第四段总结全文第一段this report compares how the village of ryemouth has developed and changed since the year of 1995.题目：the map below shows the development of the village of ryemouth between 1995 and present.第二段as is clearly described in the first picture, ryemouth was a coastal city which was divided into three parts by two roads. in the southern part, there was a fishing port on the sea, with a fish market located in the north and a coffee shop in thenorth-east. a block of shops was situated on the opposite side of the market?第三段in the second picture, the village changed a lot. the fishing port has been removed and the fish market is replaced by apartments. several restaurants also occupy the place of the shops on the roadside. moreover, a parking lot is newly built on the east of the hotel. in addition, ?第四段overall, based on the brief description above, it is clear that the general layout of the village does not change a lot, while some newly-built facilities and housing has ornamented the small village.writing task 1you should spend about 20 minutes on this task.the diagram below shows the development of the village of kelsby between 1780 and 2000.summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.write at least 150 words.新东方樊黎明：a类雅思地图题写作攻略首先注意两个点：1. 时态：本文的时间是明确的，是三个过去的时间，因此全文应当使用一般过去时。
雅思考试-地图题讲解和范文
• Finally, the cool climate house has one window which faces the direction of the sun, while the warm climate house has windows on two sides which are shaded from the sun. By opening the two windows at night, the house designed for warm climates can be ventilated.
• The diagrams show how house designs differ according to climate.
• The most noticeable difference between houses designed for cool and warm climates is in the shape of the roof. The designs also differ with regard to the windows and the use of insulation.
• 4. 对比介词短语 • By contrast
• In contrast
• On the contrary 绝其实还可能用到变化句型
• 1). There will be an increase in the size of the exhibiting hall.
• At present, visitors enter the gallery through doors which lead into a lobby. However, the plan is to move the entrance to the Parkinson Court side of the building, and visitors will walk straight into the exhibition area. In place of the lobby and office areas, which are shown on the existing plan, the new gallery plan shows an education area and a small storage area.
雅思阅读真经
雅思阅读真经INTERNALTIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGETESTING SYSTEMACADEMIC READINGTEST 1TIME ALLOWED: 1 hourNUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 –13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.IMPROVING READING SPEED It is safe to say that almost anyone can double his speed of reading while maintaining equal or even higher comprehension. In other words, anyone can improve the speed with which he gets what he wants from his reading.The average college student reads between 250 and 350 words per minute on fiction and non-technical materials. A "good" reading speed is around 500 to 700 words per minute, but some people can read a thousand words per minute or even faster on these materials. What makes the difference? There are three main factors involved in improving reading speed: (1) the desire to improve, (2) the willingness to try new techniques and (3) the motivation to practice.Learning to read rapidly and well presupposes that you have the necessary vocabulary and comprehension skills. When you have advanced on the reading comprehension materials to a level at which you can understand college-level materials, you will be ready to begin speed reading practice in earnest. Understanding the role of speed in the reading process is essential. Research has shown a close relation between speed and understanding. For example, in checking progress charts of thousands of individuals taking reading training, it has been found in most cases that an increase in rate has been paralleled by an increase in comprehension, and that where rate has gone down, comprehension has also decreased. Most adults are able to increase their rate of reading considerably and rather quickly without lowering comprehension.Some of the facts which reduce reading rate:(a)limited perceptual span i.e., word-by-word reading;(b)slow perceptual reaction time, i.e., slowness of recognition and response to thematerial;(c)vocalization, including the need to vocalize in order to achievecomprehension;(d)faulty eye movements, including inaccuracy in placement of the page, inreturn sweep, in rhythm and regularity of movement, etc.;(e)regression, both habitual and as associated with habits of concentration(f)lack of practice in reading, due simply to the fact that the person has readvery little and has limited reading interests so that very little reading is practiced in the daily or weekly schedule.Since these conditions act also to reduce comprehension increasing the reading rate through eliminating them is likely to result in increased comprehension as well. This is an entirely different matter from simply speeding up the rate of reading without reference to the conditions responsible for the slow rate. In fact, simply speeding the rate especially through forced acceleration, may actually result, and often does, in making the real reading problem more severe. In addition, forced acceleration may even destroy confidence in ability to read. The obvious solution, then is to increase rate as a part of a total improvement of the whole reading process.A well planned program prepares for maximum increase in rate by establishing the necessary conditions. Three basic conditions include:1.Eliminate the habit of pronouncing words as you read. If you sound outwords in your throat or whisper them, you can read slightly only as fast as you can read aloud. You should be able to read most materials at least two or three times faster silently than orally.2.Avoid regressing (rereading). The average student reading at 250 wordsper minute regresses or rereads about 20 times per page. Rereading words and phrases is a habit which will slow your reading speed down to a snail's pace. Furthermore, the slowest reader usually regresses most frequently. Because he reads slowly, his mind has time to wander and his rereading reflects both his inability to concentrate and his lack of confidence in his comprehension skills.3.Develop a wider eye-span. This will help you read more than one word ata glance. Since written material is less meaningful if read word by word,this will help you learn to read by phrases or thought units.Poor results are inevitable if the reader attempts to use the same rate indiscriminately for all types of material and for all reading purposes. He must learn to adjust his rate to his purpose in reading and to the difficulty of the material he is reading. This ranges from a maximum rate on easy, familiar, interesting material or in reading to gather information on a particular point, to minimal rate on material which is unfamiliar in content and language structure or which must be thoroughly digested. The effective reader adjusts his rate; the ineffective reader uses the same rate for all types of material.Rate adjustment may be overall adjustment to the article as a whole, or internal adjustment within the article. Overall adjustment establishes the basic rate at which the total article is read; internal adjustment involves the necessary variations in rate for each varied part of the material. As an analogy, you plan to take a 100-mile mountain trip. Since this will be a relatively hard drive with hills, curves, and a mountain pass, you decide to take three hours for the total trip, averaging about 35 miles an hour. This is your overall rate adjustment. However, in actual driving you may slow down to no more than 15 miles per hour on somecurves and hills, while speeding up to 50 miles per hour or more on relatively straight and level sections. This is your internal rate adjustment. There is no set rate, therefore, which the good reader follows inflexibly in reading a particular selection, even though he has set himself an overall rate for the total job.In keeping your reading attack flexible, adjust your rate sensitivity from article to article. It is equally important to adjust your rate within a given article. Practice these techniques until a flexible reading rate becomes second nature to you.—Adapted from: Questions 1 - 4Choose the appropriate letters A –D and write them in boxes 1 –4 on your answer sheet.1. Which of the following is not a factor in improving your reading speed?(A). willing to try new skills(B). motivation to improve(C). desire to practice(D). hesitate to try new techniques2. Understanding college level materials is a prerequisite for(A). learning to comprehend rapidly.(B). having the necessary vocabulary.(C). beginning speed reading.(D). practicing comprehension skills.3. For most people(A). a decrease in comprehension leads to a decrease in rate.(B). a decrease in rate leads to a increase in comprehension.(C). an increase in rate leads to an increase in comprehension.(D). an increase in rate leads to a decrease in comprehension.4. Speeding up your reading rate through forced acceleration often resultsin(A). reducing comprehension.(B). increasing comprehension.(C). increasing your reading problem.(D). reducing your reading problem.Questions 5 – 9Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Questions 10 - 13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 10 – 13 on your answer sheet write.TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN if the statement is trueif the statement is falseif the information is not given in the passage10.In gathering material on a topic a reader must maximize his readingrate.11.The basic rate for each part of the reading material involves an overalladjustment.12.The set rate for a 100-mile mountain trip is 35 miles an hour.13. A good reader never establishes a set rate for reading an article.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 – 26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Questions 14 - 18Reading Passage 2 has 9 paragraphs A – IFrom the list of headings below choose the 5 most suitable headings for paragraphs B, C, E, G and H. Write the appropriate numbers (ⅰ–ⅹ)NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.14.Paragraph B15.Paragraph C16.Paragraph E17.Paragraph G18.Paragraph HA. Pterosaurs, birds and bats took to the air from evolutionary runways that scientists believe they understand fairly well, but insects began flying so much longer ago that details of their stepwise conquest of flight remain obscure. Scientists at Pennsylvania State University hypothesize, however, that a present-day flightless insect called the stonefly may be closely related to ancestral insects that first learned to fly more than 330 million years ago.B. Last February, Dr. James H. Marden, a biologist atPennsylvania State University, and Melissa G. Kramer, hisstudent, began studying the behavior and biology ofstoneflies - the immature nymphs of which are familiar tomany fishermen as delicacies for trout. The nymphs beginlife in river or pond water and then develop primitiveStoneflywings enabling them to skim across water at high speedwithout actually taking to the air. Marden and Ms. Kramer have concluded that the humble ancestor of such expert fliers as mosquitoes and wasps may have been very much like the stonefly.C. The stoneflies living in Canada and the northern United States, which belong to a primitive species called Taeniopteryx burksi, breed and mature in cold water and come to the surface for their skimming trip to shore in February and March. To study them, a scientist must work quickly, since the life span of a stonefly is only about two weeks. The adult stonefly has waterproof hair on its feet, and after reaching the surface of the water, it supports itself by coasting on the water's surface meniscus layer. To hasten its trip to the shore, the insect spreads its four feeble wings and flaps vigorously, using aerodynamic thrust to scoot across the water at speeds up to 2 feet per second. This, Marden said, appears to be the only time in its life the stonefly normally uses its wings.D. In a series of experiments Marden described in a report published in the current issue of the journal Science, he found that although stoneflies in the wild, where ambient temperatures were recorded as ranging between 32 degrees and 53.6 degrees Fahrenheit, are completely flightless, their flying ability improves when they are warmed up in a laboratory. Even when warm, the insects never voluntarily take flight from a horizontal surface, but if they crawl to the edge of a table and drop over the side they will fly for a few yards before settling to the ground. Several specimens tested by the Penn State scientists actually gained a little altitude under their own power after being launched by hand, but none remained in the air for more than a few seconds.E. Stoneflies are interesting, Marden said in an interview, because so little is known of the specific changes insects underwent in the remote past as they gained the ability to fly. The stonefly's faltering efforts to use its wings may approximate a transitional stage of evolution that occurred some 350 million years ago, when swimming insects first became fliers.F. The study of insect evolution is hampered by a gigantic gap in the fossil record. Although fossils of early nonflying insects have been found in sediments dating from the Devonian period nearly 400 million years ago, no insect fossils have turned up from the following 75-million-year period. Marden said that fossil insects reappear in strata 325 million years old, but by then they had evolved greatly, and their increased diversity suggests that at least some species had left the water to colonize land. Many of the fossils of that period look like present-day insects, including grasshoppers.G. Stoneflies lack some features that are important for true fliers, They have relatively weak wing muscles, and their thoracic cuticle plates are not fused together to create a rigid external skeleton. Rigidity is needed to provide strong, inflexible attachment points for an insect's wing muscles if it is to be capable of powered flight - a much more demanding activity than skimming or gliding. If the stonefly is similar to the first protofliers, this would argue against a widely held hypothesis that animal flight begins with gliding, from which powered flight eventually develops. Stoneflies never glide, even though they are on the verge of flying.H. Although the stonefly may have evolved to its present form in a progressive direction from primitive swimming insects, it is possible, Marden believes, that its evolution was digressive - that its ancestors were true fliers that evolved into nonflying skimmers. Skimming requires much less energy than true flight, as demonstrated by a new family of skimming "wing-in-ground-effect" flightless aircraft developed during the last decade in Russia, China and Germany. These aircraft never rise more than a few feet above the ground or water, but their stubby wings support them on an air cushion that eliminates the drag of surface friction.I. "Stoneflies seem to have found an ecological niche in any case," Marden said. Whether the evolutionary pathway of the stonefly was progressive or digressive makes little difference to the insect, he said, but to an entomologist, the direction is important. "By mapping behavioral characters and morphology 1 of stoneflies, we hope eventually to infer the direction by which evolution carried them to their present stage of development," Marden said.Glossary1morphology The branch of biology that deals with the form and structureof organismsQuestions 19 – 22Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, answer the following questions.19. How long ago did stoneflies first use their wings?20. How wide is the fossil gap?21.Where is the only place that stoneflies actually fly?22. What time of the year do stoneflies use their wings?Questions 23 – 26Complete the summary below. Choose your answers from the list below the summary.NB There are more words than spaces, so you will not use them all.Stoneflies have ……(23)……wing muscles and a ……(24)………external skeleton so that they cann ot be true fliers. As they can’t fly or ……(25)…… they skim. Less energy is needed for skimming an d so stoneflies have found their ……(26)…... in life.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27 – 40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Maternal Education and Child MortalityA. Many studies have been carried out which recognizeeducation (especially that of mothers) as an effective way of improving children's health and reducing child mortality.Caldwell refers to the results of two surveys that were carried out in Nigeria to arrive at the conclusion that "Maternal education is the single most significant determinant of child mortality." However, maternal education is an intertwined factor, and hence may account for other variables that represent socio-economic conditions as well.B. Although the relationship between maternal education andchildren's health is no longer an issue to be debated, there still exists a dearth of research information on the mechanisms through which maternal education works to improve children's health. A few of the possible mechanisms that have been focused so far are pointed out below:◆Education makes a woman conscious about the well being ofherself and her family. It gives the basic ideas about the path to well being and also equips and encourages to increase her knowledge on healthy living;◆Education helps to form the attitude to practice "manners ofhygiene";◆Education equips mothers with the knowledge of scientificcauses of disease and proper health behaviour and illness behaviour for preventive and curative measures;◆Education encourages mothers to adopt proper feedingpractices;◆Education makes the mothers more willing to use health careservices when necessary, and preparing them for overcoming the barriers in doing so. Doctors and nurses are more likely to listen to her, as she can demand their attention, whereas the illiterate might be completely rebuffed;◆Education allows greater exposure to the mass media, whichcan keep mothers better informed about the health issues;◆Education empowers mothers to make and implementproper and timely decisions regarding their children'shealth;Thus, we find maternal education as a gate way toward diversified aspects of modern life that significantly affect children's morbidity and mortality.C. A debate has arisen on the link between maternal educationand children's health concerns relative effectiveness of general education (acquired through formal schooling) and health education. While the former enables a mother to become literate and hence gain access to the understanding of written material, the latter only provides her with information on certain health issues. However, educating through general education is time consuming, and to get positive results for the improvement of the health of the illiterate masses, within a short time, health education might be a better choice.D. Although health education as such might be effective for theilliterate, health education cannot be a substitute for general education to ensure survival and health of the children.Rather, more lessons on topics necessary to know in order to maintain a healthy life should be included in the textbooks (such as the germ theory of disease, symptoms of diseases the presence of which should be consulted with a doctor, knowledge in first aid etc.). General education equips a person with literacy -- which gives her access to books and to the mass media, which keeps her up to date regarding new information on health affairs. However, it would certainly be very beneficial to arrange annual or bi-annual health education programs to review the major health issues (and the issue of pregnancy and child care which is difficult for primary school children to grasp).E. At this point another question may be raised: How manyyears of schooling is required for education to have a substantial amount of effect on children's survival/health?According to a study by Mahalanabis et al., in Bangladesh, schooling of seven years or more of the mothers reduced 55% risk of a child's being attacked by a severe disease resulting from diarrhea, but lesser number of schooling could not provide appreciable protection. Majumder and Islam's study in Bangladesh shows that child survival index moves up from .764 to .811 with the increase of education from no schooling to 5 years of schooling (Primary level inBangladesh). But the increase of index for the difference between primary level to secondary level or higher (at least ten years of schooling) is even greater, moving up from .811 to .882. Thus, the difference between child survival index rises from .764 to .882 with the difference of no schooling to ten or more years of schooling. Lindenbaum's has mentioneda case of Khurshida, to show how a woman having sevenyears of schooling was able to ensure proper treatment for her sick child, after overcoming the different sorts of barriers, which came in her way.F. Maternal education, on its own is not sufficient to ensuresurvival of children. However, all other efforts in absence of maternal education cannot be fully effective either. Hence, we should look for ways in which maternal education can be the most effective to ensure children's health to determine the appropriate policy to be obtained. From the discussion of the studies above, the following can be suggested:◆At least seven years of schooling should be made compulsoryfor girls.◆All basic health issues (which might differ from society tosociety) should be covered in the textbooks and curricula of lower grades in school and be taught properly, so that even in cases of dropouts, the children will have sufficient health education to lead a healthy way of life, for themselves and their family and community.◆As it is difficult for school children aged 12 or below tounderstand the health issues related to pregnancy, child birth and child care, arrangements for health education (annual/bi-annual) concerned with these and other basic health issues must be made. Mother and child health care programs must function properly to be beneficial for the public. The health care centers must be situated at suitable distance, and convenient opening hours, friendly behaviour of the staff and supply of sufficient facilities and medicines must be ensured.G. Thus, it can be said that in order to ensure children's survival, the governments of third world countries, world organizations, donor countries and Non-Government Organizations, must take initiatives to ensure literacy and sufficient health-knowledge for the mothers and also provide appropriate conditions and environment for them to apply that knowledge. This indeed is agreat task. But this has to be ensured to ensure the survival of children.—Adapted from: Questions 27 – 31Reading Passage 3 has 7 paragraphs A - G. Which paragraph contains the following information?27. A literate person has access to books and the mass media.28. Educated mothers make right decisions in time.29. The illiterate have handicaps to health care services.30. Health issues relating to pregnancy should be included.31. General education is the poorer choice.Questions 32 – 35Choose the appropriate letters A – D and write them in boxes 32 – 35 on your answer sheet.32. In research there seems to be a ________________ ofinformation on how maternal education affects children’s healthA. plentiful supplyB. average supplyC. overabundant supplyD. meager supply33. Which of the following statements about education andmothers is NOT true?A. Medical staff are more helpful.B. Demand for medical services declines.C. Family health is improved.D. Caring for the sick improves.34. _________________ so that children may live and have ahealthy way of life for themselves and their family.A. Health education is a priority.B. More textbooks should be provided.C. The illiterate masses need to be taught to read and write.D. Health topics should be included in textbooks.35. General education enables mothers to become _______________A. able to read and write quickly.B. informed on some health issues.C. writers about some health issues.D. able to read and write over a long time.Questions 36 - 40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 5 – 10 on your answer sheet write.YESNONOT GIVEN if the statement agrees with the writerif the statement contradicts the writerif the there is no information about this in the passage36. A decade of schooling means that the child survival indexmoves up by .071.37. School education of less than seven years increases the risk ofsevere disease.38. 7 years of schooling is compulsory for boys.39. Children who leave school early will not have sufficienteducation to lead a healthy life.40. Health education should be arranged every two years.Reading passage 1, Questions 1 - 131. D2. C3. C4. C5. Reading phrases/Read by phrases6. Limited perceptual span7. Slowness of recognition8. Faulty eye movements9. Avoid regressing10. TRUE11. FALSE12. FALSE13. TRUEReading passage 2, Questions 14 – 2614. VIII15. IX16. IV17. VII18. III19. 350 million years20. 75 million years21. a warm laboratory/ a laboratory22. February and March23. weak24. flexible25. glide26. ecological nicheReading passage3, Questions 27 – 4027. D28. B29. B30. F31. C32. D33. B34. D35. D36. NO37. NOT GIVEN38. NOT GIVEN39. NO40. NO。
6月23日雅思考试机经真题回忆
6月23日雅思考试机经真题回忆Word count：189The two maps illustrate the current school layout and its projectedchange.At present, there is a car park in the northeast side of the campus, and atthe west side is a land covered with trees. The cluster of many other tress canalso be seen at the southwest corner of the schoolyard. At the very south sideof the car park, there are three buildings, among which one is for biology andanother is for genetics.In the upcoming future, the campus is projected to experience tremendouschange. The original car park would be converted to student car park. In themeantime, the original genetic building is planned to expand with a brand-newbiology building to its south. The vast forest is predicted to be cut off tomake room for the other genetics building and a new chemistrybuilding. What ismore, the rectangular building, sited in the middle of the school, would bechanged into a L-shaped one close to which there would be a triangle-shaped carpark.Overall, more buildings are planned to constructed in the future at the cost of clearing the vegetation.TASK 2题目类别：生活方式类提问方式：混合点考试题目：More and more people want to buy famous brands of clothes, car and otheritems. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?(Word count：334)It is commonly believed that there is a trend in owning a famous brandnames with clothes, cars and other items. It is understandable that people tendto purchase top ranked labels due to the high quality of products thatareprovided to consumers. From my perspective, I do not agree with the idea ofowning expensive items even though it may be warranted.On the one hand, there are many reasons can be given to explain the rapidincreasing in the number of clients using luxury products. People usuallypurchase high ranked products because these items often have the luxurious andcome along with the unique appearances. Such products normally will offer thecustomers who wear it the strong confidence towards other people and also bringthem the chances to show off their prosperity and social status. High qualityproducts, such as Rolex Watch, often being crafted by professional craftsmen,which will give the owner of the products enjoy using it for many years.On the other hand, there are some drawbacks on our families and also thesociety when following this trend. Besides from the high quality the productsgiven, some people purchase these brand items are not because they need it butbecause it is trendy. For instant, lots of young middle-class people in Viet Namspend a great deal of money into latest smartphone like the iPhone 6 pluscurrently, even though their old phone still functioning perfectly. This maycause some risks in the security of financial in the future. Moreover, thistrend is usually happening in developed countries to symbolize the high classespeople, however, we Vietnamese are not aware of our currently financial status,resulting in the fact that people’s belongings are considered a more importantfactor than who they really are.In conclusion, the growing consumption of brand name products might beexplained with their luxurious appearance, excellent quality and so on,however,I believe this trending is a disadvantage to all our families and society.。
雅思口语Part1参考答案之Maps
雅思口语Part1参考答案之Maps1. Do you use maps?Yes. I use maps most when I’m not sure of the territory or just to look over a particular state or country.是的。
当我不确定一个区域或需要寻找某个特定的地区或国家的时候我经常使用地图。
2. Why do people use maps?A map can be used for many different purposes. To find out how to get from our starting point to our destination by our preferred route, or just to show us where things are.地图能够用作很多用途。
从起点到终点间寻找一条优先路径，或者仅仅是用来显示一些地方到底在哪。
3. Do you think map is important?Yes. Map can give us direction when we are in unknown areas. Some electronic maps might offer more current information, can search out local services such as restaurants and gas stations.地图很重要。
地图能够在我们身处未知区域的时候给我们提供方向。
一些电子地图还能提供现行信息，能够搜索当地服务，比如餐厅和加油站。
4. Do you prefer to use electronic maps or those made of paper?I prefer the old-school paper map. Although figuring out how to refold that old-school map can sometimes be a pain,there's no denying its major advantages： they'll work anywhere, and the battery never dies.我更喜欢老式地图。
雅思4.5阅读
雅思4.5阅读The Impact of Wilderness Tourism荒野旅游的影响The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions — such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetland — to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures) not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. The three most significant types of fragile environmen t in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion of the Earth’s surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year.偏远地区的旅游市场从未曾像现在这么火爆。
雅思地图题范文
地图题地图题：公园的过去和现在The two maps below give information of a village park between 10 years ago and now.范文：The two maps show the changes of a village park between 2004 and 2014 after some construction.In 2004, the entrance of the park faced to the northwestern. A large football pitch was sited in the middle of the park with other facilities around. Two tennis courts could be seen to the north. To the west of the pitch was located a car park, while to the east side was a children play area. A small pound and an area of woods were situated to the south.Now, circled by a cycle path, the village shows several changes except the central football pitch. Two tennis courts and one children play area have been added to the previous ones and the parking area has been extended to be able to hold another 50 cars. On the contrary, the woods have been cleared and give way to a cafe and a toilet. Besides, the original small pound has been converted to a boating lake.To conclude, the layout of the village has been rearranged in the decade, and consequently more leisure activities can be participated in the park.地图题：城市布局变迁The two maps show the changes of a city from 1960 to now.范文：The two maps show the development of a city from 1960 to the present.In 1960, the city was mainly based on the harbour and freight ships were moored in the northeast dock. To the east of the harbour was a business area, which was connected with the harbor and a stadium on the southern side of the river by trams. Moreover, two residential blocks were constructed at both the northern and southern ends of the city.Several major changes to the city have been observed since then. In 2014, the residential area in the north has given way to an extended business area of the one in the east. The previous dock has been occupied by some newly built restaurants and bars. The original intersecting tram frame has been simplified to a single line. Some sports facilities have been constructed between the southern residential area and the stadium, which is now also linked with the old business area by a footbridge over the river.To summarise, the landscape of the city has been rearranged, with more business replacing industry around the bay.地图题：学院布局变化The map below gives information about a college at present and its future view in 2015 after reconstruction.范文：The two figures demonstrate the estimated changes of a college between 2014 and 2015. At present, a garden lies in the northern part of the college and five car parks are located in the west. Both of them are linked to the school building by a footpath, while its entrance is in front of the garden. Inside the building, a lunch area and two classrooms lie in the western side, while one more classroom, a reception and a library are in the eastern part. For the southern edge, there is a toilet in the middle, and a bus stop on the southwestern corner, accessed by a road.In 2015, several changes are expected to be witnessed. The garden and the footpath will be removed, since the teaching building will be extended. A new shop will be established in the building’s northwestern corner, and the library will be moved to the southwestern end. Between them, there will be the original lunch area and one classroom, while other four classrooms will be seen in the opposite side. The entrance will be rebuilt in the middle southern edge, adjacent to the bus stop, and the corridor behind it will be replaced by a reception.To summarize, more rooms and car parks will be constructed in the college during the period.地图题：消防设备布置The diagram shows the fire plan for the second floor of a student dorm building in a university. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparison where relevant.范文：The map illustrates the escape routes in case of fire on the second floor of a university dormitory. There are one lift, two stairways and seven bedrooms on this rectangle shape floor, all with access to the corridor in the center.Once the building is on fire, the stairs on the south-west corner is convenient for the students living in the west part of the floor, specifically, Bedroom 1, 2 and 3 to escape through the corridor because Bedroom 1 and 2 are located in the northwest corner and Bedroom 3 is right opposite the stairway. When they rush out of the building, they can meet the others at the Meeting Point 1 outside the stairway.Another stairway which is sited at the north side of floor, with the lift at the west and Bedroom 7 the east, offers another escaping way in case of fire. Bedroom 4, and 6 are on the south side of the corridor but face to this stairway, and Bedroom 5 is at the east side of the floor, next to Bedroom 6, therefore it is also easy for the dwellers in these three rooms to rush out. Once they get out of the building, they would meet at the Meeting Point 2 near the stair room.When you are old and grey and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book, And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep; How many loved your moments of glad grace, And loved your beauty with love false or true, But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your changing face; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how love fledAnd paced upon the mountains overheadAnd hid his face amid a crowd of stars.The furthest distance in the worldIs not between life and deathBut when I stand in front of youYet you don't know thatI love you.The furthest distance in the worldIs not when I stand in front of youYet you can't see my loveBut when undoubtedly knowing the love from both Yet cannot be together.The furthest distance in the worldIs not being apart while being in loveBut when I plainly cannot resist the yearningYet pretending you have never been in my heart. The furthest distance in the worldIs not struggling against the tidesBut using one's indifferent heartTo dig an uncrossable riverFor the one who loves you.。
Map雅思地图题
Map 选址比较题：l 定义：对建筑物不同选址的利弊进行比较定义：对建筑物不同选址的利弊进行比较l 主体段：按照不同的地址来划分段落，需要比较几处选址就分成几段。
每一段各写其中一个利弊。
主体段：按照不同的地址来划分段落，需要比较几处选址就分成几段。
每一段各写其中一个利弊。
l 时态：开头段改写原题使用一般现在时；主体段和结尾段通常使用一般现在时和would/ could/ might 等表示假设的虚拟等表示假设的虚拟语气形式。
语气形式。
关键任务在于 讲清不同的地址各自的优缺点。
结尾指明哪个选址相对而言更好。
历史变迁题l 定义：对某个地理区域在不同历史年代里的情况进行比较。
定义：对某个地理区域在不同历史年代里的情况进行比较。
l 主体段：通常按照时间顺序划分主体段。
题目中要求比较几个年代就分成几个主体段来描写。
每段写一个历史阶段。
l 时态：开头段改写原题一半现在时；主体段和结尾段需要用过去式。
时态：开头段改写原题一半现在时；主体段和结尾段需要用过去式。
关键任务讲清同一个区域在不同年代的差别，只有区别没有优劣。
结尾概括不同历史阶段是如何发展变化的。
Map 句型词汇è A 位于……A is located ……A is situated ……A lies …. A is just off the road to …. A 就在通向某地的路边上就在通向某地的路边上A is right at the center of ….. A 就在……的正中央的正中央è A 紧靠着B A is next to/ is near/ is close to/ is right beside/ is adjacent to BThe building is situated close to the centre of Edinburgh within a parking zone. è A 在距离B 某一面……的公里/英里处英里处A is located/ is situated/ lies………… kilometers/ miles to the east/ west/ north/ south of B. kilometers/ miles to the east/ west/ north/ south of B. è A 位于B 内的某个部分内的某个部分A is located/ is situated/ lies in the eastern/ western/ northern/ southern part of B. è A 在B 的某个角上的某个角上A lies/ is located/ is situated on/ at the east/ west/ north/ south corner of B. è 剩下的部分剩下的部分 the rest of the …… è 道路通向、道路通向、 河流流向某处河流流向某处The road runs from ……………… to to …………The river runs/ flows from ………… to to ….. è 沿着河流/ 道路道路along with river/ road alongside the river/ road è A 在道路或者河流的某一侧在道路或者河流的某一侧A is located/ is situated/ lies on the north/ south side of the river/ the road. Situated on the south side of the River Thames, this hotel offers its guests an ideal loca on in central London. the mouth of the river 河口河口èA与B仅一河之间/ 一路之隔一路之隔A is right across from B. èA在B的对面的对面A is opposite B. èA在B某一侧的边界上某一侧的边界上A is located is situated/ lies on the eastern/ western/ northern/ southern border/ edge of B. èA 朝北/ 南/ 面朝公园等面朝公园等A faces north/ south. è建筑物的布局建筑物的布局 layout è建筑物周边的环境建筑物周边的环境 the surroundings of a building ……èA占据了某个空间占据了某个空间 A occupies ……èA 由几个不同的部分组成由几个不同的部分组成……A consists of/ is composed of/ is made up of B, C and DèA的长度/ 宽度是….. ……The length/ width of A isèA的面积是….. A is…..in area. The farm is 50 kilometers in area. The building almost doubled in floor area. è一块土地一块土地 a patch of land è从A……延伸到….. to ….. …… to A extended from ……The park extended from Main Street to King George Street. The period extended from the mid-eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century. ³提议提议 sugges on/ proposal ³可能的，有潜力的可能的，有潜力的 poten al/ possible/ prospec ve the first poten al loca on of the building ³可以使用的可以使用的 available ³可以容纳的….. can accommodate ³适宜的，恰当的适宜的，恰当的 appropriate/ proper/ suitable/ fi ng ³从理论上来讲但是事实上 从理论上来讲 In theory/ Theore cally 只要用到了这个词，那么后面一定会是接着写只要用到了这个词，那么后面一定会是接着写 但是事实上³但事实上但事实上 But in reality, / However, realis cally/ Yet in prac ce ²在某处又增建了A …., which was A …../ An addi on was made to A was added to ²改动原建筑或者原场地改动原建筑或者原场地change/ modify ²A被改造成了B A was turned into/ was transformed into/ was converted into B ²A被伴奏或者拆掉了被伴奏或者拆掉了A was removed take down from A was disappeared from ²A被B取代了取代了A was replaced by B/ A made way for B ²A的面积缩小了的面积缩小了The size of A was reduced to ( only half of/ one third of the original size). ²A的面积扩大了的面积扩大了A was expanded A was expanded to twice its size. = The size of A almost doubled. 。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
III.Finish the timeline.
6200 B.C. _______________ ~~ __________ century manuscript copy for rad map of the Roman Empire ~~______________________
3.Maps were basic tools of both commerce and war.
4.Some books, such as physics needed instruments, creating the need for manufacturing instrument.
5.The Grand Atlas was to famous atlas as a Rolls Royce to an ordinary sedan.
6.The creation for world Maps increased suddenly after Columbus’s discovery.
7.In the 14th century, maps were manuscript.
8.Byzantine Empire was defeated by Turks.
9.Gutenburg made printing maps more efficient.
10.The first map was found in Turkey.
11. The term “atlas” was first used by Geory Brawn.
plete the es.
IV.Answer the questions.
14.Why dis creation of printed world maps stop?
15.Who was the first to use the term “atlas” as the name of the book of maps?
Maps and Atlas
I.TRUE／FALSE/NOTGIVEN.
1.The first map was made by Paleolithic hunters.
2.Refugees fromByzantine Empire fledwest taking the texts of theGeographia.
11.Perhaps the most ___________ of ancient maps is the Peutinger Table.
12.A dealer would see the maps from his own shop, since map _______ and _______ were usually _______________________.