美国与俄罗斯贸易情况【英文】
中美贸易战(英语讲义配PPT)
Trade War•唐纳德特朗普是美国商人、电视真人秀、政客、总统。
Donald trump is an American businessman, reality TV show, politician and President.•在商人期间，特朗普建造了办公大楼、酒店、娱乐、高尔夫球场和世界各地其他有名的建筑。
During his time as a businessman, trump built office buildings, hotels, entertainment, golf courses and other famous buildings around the world.•特朗普的精神问题有以下几点，推特治国、退出TTP、巴黎气候协定、伊核协议、联合国教科文组织等等。
Trump's spiritual problems include the rule of twitter, the withdrawal of the TTP, the Paris climate agreement, the Iranian nuclear agreement, UNESCO and others.•他的他经常性侵犯女性，以至于她们现在纷纷来起诉他。
He was so often sexually assaulting women that they are now suing him.•他指定他的女儿和女婿作为总统助理和高级顾问。
He appointed his daughter and son-in-law as presidential aides and senior advisers.•他上任24小时就推翻了奥巴马医保法案。
He overthrew obamacare within 24 hours of taking office.•发布禁止穆斯林入境指令和修建美墨边境墙。
外贸出口英语词汇
外贸出口英语词汇一、商品相关。
1. commodity [kəˈmɒdəti] - n. 商品；日用品。
- 例句：This commodity is in great demand in the international market.（这种商品在国际市场上需求量很大。
）2. merchandise [ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪs] - n. 商品；货物；v. 买卖；推销。
- 例句：The company merchandises a wide range of products.（这家公司经销各种各样的产品。
）- 例句：They are checking the merchandise in the warehouse.（他们正在仓库里检查货物。
）3. product [ˈprɒdʌkt] - n. 产品；产物；结果。
- 例句：Our new product has a high - quality standard.（我们的新产品有很高的质量标准。
）4. goods [ɡʊdz] - n. 商品；货物（复数形式）- 例句：These goods are ready for export.（这些货物准备出口。
）二、订单相关。
1. order [ˈɔːdə(r)] - n. 订单；命令；顺序；v. 订购；命令。
- 例句：We received a large order from an overseas client.（我们收到了一个海外客户的大订单。
）- 例句：Please order the goods as soon as possible.（请尽快订购货物。
）2. purchase order [ˈpɜːtʃəs ˈɔːdə(r)] - n. 采购订单。
- 例句：The purchase order has been sent to the supplier.（采购订单已经发送给供应商了。
国际贸易案例
国际贸易案例国际贸易案例一：中国与美国的贸易摩擦自20世纪90年代起，中国与美国之间的贸易关系备受关注。
尽管双方之间的经济联系极为密切，但也不时出现贸易摩擦的情况。
中国作为全球最大的制造业基地之一，一直是美国企业重要的外包伙伴。
然而，美国对中国的贸易逆差问题一直存在争议。
美方认为，中国通过低成本劳动力和汇率优势等手段，大量出口到美国，导致美国国内产业无法竞争，进而造成美国失业问题。
因此，美国政府多次采取针对中国的贸易限制措施，包括对中国产品征收关税和实施贸易保护主义政策。
中国则认为，美国的贸易限制措施是对中国发展的不公平打压，违反了自由贸易的原则。
同时，中国也对美国关税政策进行反制，对美国进口产品进行报复性征税。
这种贸易摩擦对中国和美国两国及全球经济产生了重大影响。
尽管两国最终达成一些贸易协议，但问题并未完全解决。
国际贸易案例二：俄罗斯与欧盟的能源合作俄罗斯作为全球最大的天然气和石油出口国之一，与欧盟的能源合作一直备受关注。
欧盟国家对能源的需求量巨大，而俄罗斯则是其重要的能源供应国之一。
俄罗斯通过天然气和石油出口获得了可观的经济收益，而欧盟也从俄罗斯进口了大量的能源产品。
然而，俄罗斯与欧盟之间的能源合作也面临诸多挑战。
首先，在能源供应方面，欧盟国家对俄罗斯形成了高度依赖，这使得俄罗斯在谈判中拥有一定的议价权。
其次，俄罗斯的能源出口与其政治议程有一定关联，使得俄罗斯在能源合作中具有一定的地缘政治影响力。
欧盟国家则试图减少对俄罗斯的能源依赖，通过开发可再生能源和进口其他国家的能源产品来多样化供应渠道。
综上所述，国际贸易案例的发展和影响不可小觑。
国与国之间的贸易摩擦和能源合作都具有重大的经济和政治影响，尤其是对涉及国家的就业、经济增长和地缘政治格局的调整。
我们需要在保护自身利益的同时，促进公平、开放、互利的国际贸易体系的建立与发展。
俄罗斯经济制裁英语作文
Economic sanctions are a powerful tool used by governments and international organizations to influence the behavior of a nation or its leadership.In recent years, Russia has been subject to a series of economic sanctions due to various geopolitical tensions and conflicts.This essay will explore the reasons behind these sanctions,their impact on the Russian economy,and the broader implications for international relations.Reasons for Economic Sanctions on Russiaraine Crisis:The most significant trigger for economic sanctions against Russia was its annexation of Crimea in2014and its involvement in the conflict in Eastern Ukraine. The international community,particularly the United States and the European Union, responded with a series of sanctions targeting individuals,businesses,and sectors of the Russian economy.2.Alleged Election Interference:There have been accusations of Russias interference in the electoral processes of other countries,most notably the United States in2016.This has led to further sanctions aimed at deterring such activities.3.Human Rights Violations:International organizations have criticized Russia for its human rights record,including the treatment of political dissidents and the suppression of free speech.Sanctions have been imposed as a means to pressure the Russian government to improve its human rights practices.Impact on the Russian Economy1.Currency Devaluation:The imposition of sanctions has led to a significant devaluation of the Russian ruble,increasing the cost of imports and affecting the purchasing power of Russian consumers.2.Investment Flight:Foreign investors have become more cautious about investing in Russia due to the uncertainty created by sanctions.This has resulted in capital outflows and reduced foreign direct investment.3.Sectoral Sanctions:Specific sanctions targeting sectors such as finance,energy,and defense have had a direct impact on the profitability and growth of companies within these industries.4.Technological Constraints:Restrictions on the export of certain technologies and goods to Russia have hindered the countrys ability to modernize its industries and maintain competitiveness.Broader Implications for International Relations1.Economic Nationalism:In response to sanctions,Russia has sought to strengthen its economic selfreliance,promoting domestic production and reducing reliance on foreign imports.2.Shift in Alliances:Sanctions have led to a realignment of international relationships, with Russia seeking closer ties with countries not imposing sanctions,such as China and some countries in the Middle East.3.Diplomatic Tensions:The use of economic sanctions has increased diplomatic tensions between Russia and the West,complicating efforts to resolve other global issues.4.Economic Resilience:Despite the economic challenges,Russia has demonstrated a degree of resilience,adapting to the sanctions environment and finding alternative markets and partners.In conclusion,economic sanctions against Russia have had a significant impact on its economy and have broader implications for international relations.While they have been effective in some respects,they have also led to a reconfiguration of global alliances and a strengthening of Russias resolve to pursue its interests independently of Western influence.The longterm effects of these sanctions will continue to shape the economic and political landscape for years to come.。
【外贸课堂】 俄罗斯经贸概况及行业市场分析
俄罗斯经贸概况及行业市场分析一、俄罗斯简介和经贸状况俄罗斯国土面积1707.54万平方公里，海岸线长达4.3万公里，濒临大西洋、北冰洋、太平洋的12个海；陆界长达1.7万公里，与14个国家接壤，领土36%在北极圈内，自北向南为北极荒漠、冻土地带、草原地带、森林冻土地带、森林地带、森林草原地带和半荒漠地带。
共横跨11个时区。
俄罗斯大部分地区冬季漫长寒冷，夏季短促、温暖，春秋两季很短。
俄罗斯联邦由83个平等主体组成，包括21个共和国、9个边疆区、46个州、2个联邦直辖市（莫斯科和圣彼得堡）、1个自治州和4个自治区。
分布在7个联邦区（中央区、西北区、南部区、伏尔加河沿岸区、乌拉尔区、西伯利亚区和远东区）。
俄罗斯拥有非常丰富的自然资源，其储量居世界前列的有：天然气、铁矿石、煤、镍、石油、铜、铝、黄金。
俄森林覆盖率50.7%,面积居世界第一位。
非金属矿藏极为丰富，石棉、石墨、云母、菱镁矿、刚玉、冰洲石、宝石、金刚石的储量及产量都较大，钾盐储量与加拿大并列世界首位。
渔业资源、水力资源丰富。
俄罗斯联邦是一个多民族国家，其中俄罗斯族是最大的民族，占总人口的79.82%（2006年2月）。
俄罗斯境内的民族语言分为4大语系，即印欧语系、阿尔泰语系、高加索语系、乌拉尔语系。
共有大约150种语言，俄语为主要语言，属印欧语系的斯拉夫语族。
俄罗斯联邦境内宗教主要有基督教、伊斯兰教、萨满教、佛教（刺嘛教）和犹太教等。
基督教以俄罗斯东正教流传最广，教徒人数最多。
在全球金融危机和经济危机的影响下，俄罗斯经济未能独善其身。
自2008年8月俄格冲突、国际油价下跌之后，俄出现了资金大规模撤离、股市暴跌、卢布大幅度贬值、工业生产大幅度下降、进出口削减、通货膨胀居高不下、居民实际收入下降、失业扩大、经济增长减速消极趋势，呈现出典型的高通胀低增长的滞胀局面。
俄政府出台了一系列救市措施，但效果并不明显，政府通过银行对实体经济的拨款被截留用于外汇投机。
中美贸易争端常用英语词汇
中美贸易争端Trade disputes between China and the United States1.最惠国待遇 MFN / most-favored-nation-treatment2. 触发贸易战 Spark a Trade War3. 国际贸易条约 International Trade Treaty4. 国际经济关系 International Economic Relations5. 国际货币体系 International Currency System / International Monetary System6. 自由兑换 Convertibility7. 贸易协定 Trade Agreement8. 反倾销 Anti-Dumping9. 离岸价 FOB / Free on Board10. 到岸价 DES / Delivered Ex Ship9. 关税及贸易总协定 GATT / General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade10. 国际贸易组织 ITO / International Trade Organization11. 世界贸易组织 WTO / World Trade Organization12. 国际货币基金组织 IMF / International Monetary Fund13. 世界银行 /国际复兴开发银行World Bank / International Bank for Reconstruction and Development14. 国际商会 ICC / International Chamber of Commerce15. 中国国际贸易促进委员会CCPIT / China Council for the Promotion of International Trade16. 进口许可证 Import License17. 出口许可证 Export License18. 多边贸易谈判 MTN / Multilateral Trade Negotiations19. 多边贸易体制 Multilateral Trade System20. 自由贸易区 Free Trade Area21. 贸易壁垒 Trade barriers22. 贸易保护主义 Trade Protectionism23. 非关税措施 NTMs / Non-tariff Measures24. 外汇管制 Foreign Exchange Control25. 国际结算 International Settlements26. 外汇交易 Foreign Exchange Transactions27. 反补贴 Countervailing28. 国际收支 International Balance of Payment29. 汇率 Exchange Rate30. 外汇市场 Foreign Exchange Market。
美国贸易逆差诱因分析
美国贸易逆差诱因分析The analysis of the U.S. trade deficit Incentives【摘要】从20世纪70年代初期开始，美国的对外贸易就出现了整体性逆差，而且整体性逆差持续快速扩张。
美国在1971年首次出现贸易逆差之后，除1973年、1975年出现小额顺差外，其余年份均为逆差，而且逆差额的总趋势是不断扩大。
美国贸易逆差的急剧扩张，不仅对美国自身也对世界经济造成重大影响。
本文通过从美元的特殊地位，美国出口管制，美国的储蓄-投资与生产-消费双缺口以及美国的贸易结构等角度出发，分析造成美国贸易持续逆差产生的深层次原因以及应该如何看待美国贸易逆差问题。
【Abstract】From the 20th century, early 70s, the U.S. overall foreign trade deficit appeared, and continued rapid expansion of overall trade deficit. U.S. trade deficit in 1971 after the first time, except 1973, 1975 shows a small surplus, the rest were deficit years, but the general trend of deficits is expanding. The rapid expansion of U.S. trade deficit, not only for the United States itself has a significant impact on the world economy. This paper from the dollar's special status, the United States export controls, U.S. savings - investment and production - consumption and double the U.S. trade gap structure point of view, of causing the U.S. trade deficit continued to have deep-seated reasons and its impact.【关键词】美国贸易逆差出口管制储蓄-投资与生产-消费双缺口贸易结构【key words】 The U.S.trade deficit Export control Savings - investment and production consumption double gap Trade structure目录一、美国贸易逆差现状分析 (3)二、美国贸易逆差诱因分析 (4)（一）美元的特殊地位 (4)（二）美国对高科技产品的出口管制 (4)（三）美国的储蓄-投资和生产-消费双缺口 (6)一、美国消费特点分析 (6)二、美国储蓄特点分析 (8)三、美国投资特点分析 (9)(四) 美国贸易结构 (10)一、美国贸易结构特点分析 (10)二、美国对外贸易的区域结构 (13)三、美国对外贸易的商品结构 (19)四、美国主要贸易逆差来源原因分析 (26)三、如何看待美国贸易逆差——贸易逆差的影响 (27)（一）巨额贸易逆差——美国经济增长的助推器 (27)（二）对外贸易结构——国际竞争力的体现 (29)四、结语 (30)五、参考文献 (31)一、美国贸易逆差现状分析从图1中可以看出，从1971年开始, 美国结束了长期的贸易顺差局面, 除1973、1975年为小额顺差外, 进入长期巨额的逆差时期。
中美贸易战英语作文
中美贸易战英语作文The ongoing trade war between China and the United States has caused a lot of uncertainty in the global economy. Both countries have been imposing tariffs on each other's goods, leading to higher prices for consumers and disruptions in supply chains.Many industries have been affected by the trade war, including agriculture, technology, and manufacturing. Farmers in the United States have seen a significant dropin exports to China, while Chinese tech companies have been hit hard by restrictions on access to American technology.The trade war has also had an impact on financial markets, with increased volatility and uncertainty leading to a decrease in investment and economic growth. Both countries have seen their currencies weaken as a result of the trade war, further adding to the economic turmoil.Despite ongoing negotiations between the two countries,there seems to be no end in sight for the trade war. Both sides have continued to escalate tensions, with threats of further tariffs and trade restrictions.The trade war has also had geopolitical implications, with other countries being forced to choose sides or navigate the complex web of economic alliances. It has also strained diplomatic relations between the two countries, leading to increased tensions in other areas such as security and human rights.Overall, the trade war between China and the United States has had far-reaching consequences for the global economy and has created a sense of uncertainty and instability. It remains to be seen how the situation will unfold in the coming months and what the long-term impact will be on the world economy.。
福步外贸英语
１．Trade-related Terms 贸易相关术语A．贸易Foreign Trade 对外贸易Entrepot Trade F）转口贸易Home （Domestic）Trade 内贸Coastal Trade 沿海贸易Cross-border Trade 边境贸易Barter Trade 易货贸易Compensation Trade 补偿（互补）贸易Bilateral trade （between China and the US）（中美）双边贸易Multilateral Trade ( Multilaterism ) 多边贸易Trading House/Corporation/Firm/Company 贸易公司Liner Trade 集装箱班轮运输B．合同Contract 合同Active service contracts on file 在备有效服务合同Sales Contract 销售合同Sales Confirmation 销售确认书Agreement 协议V essel sharing Agreement 共用舱位协议Slot-sharing Agreement 共用箱位协议Slot Exchange Agreement 箱位互换协议Amendment 修正合同Appendix 附录Quota 配额C．服务合同Service Contract as provided in the Shipping Act of 1984，a contract between a shipper （or a shippers association）and an ocean carrier （or conference）in which the shipper makes a commitment to provide a certain minimum quantity of cargo or freight revenue over a fixed time period，and the ocean common carrier or conference commits to a certain rate or rate schedules as well as a defined service level （such as assured space，transit time，port rotation or similar service features）。
美国经济大萧条全英文
government intervenes to economy Keynesian['keinziən]
national macroeconomic adjust and control economic nationalism—tariffs Totalitarianism(极端主义)-Nazi Party 卍 Adolf Hitler&Benito Mussolini贝尼托·墨索里尼，
This study suggests that theories of the Great Depression have to explain an initial severe decline but rapid recovery in productivity, relatively little change in the capital stock, and a prolonged depression in the labor force.
Recent work from a neoclassical perspective focuses on the decline in productivity that caused the initial decline in output and a prolonged recovery due to policies that affected the labor market.
Demand-driven Keynesian Breakdown of international trade Debt deflation Monetarist New classical approach Austrian School Inequality Productivity shock
美国北美贸易协议书英文版
美国北美贸易协议书英文版The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a landmark trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Signed in 1994, it has been in effect for over two decades and has had a profound impact on the economies and trade relations of the three countries. This essay aims to provide an overview of the NAFTA agreement, its key provisions, and its effects on the involved nations.The main objective of NAFTA is to promote free trade and economic integration between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The agreement eliminates most tariffs and trade barriers on goods and services traded between the three countries. This reduction in trade barriers has led to a significant increase in trade volume between the three nations, with the NAFTA area becoming one of the largest trading blocs in the world.NAFTA covers a wide range of sectors, including agriculture, manufacturing, and services. It includes provisions on intellectual property, investment, and dispute resolution mechanisms. One of the key features of NAFTA is the elimination of tariffs on agricultural products, which has led to increased agricultural trade between the United States and Mexico. It has also opened up new opportunities for American and Canadian companies to invest and operate in Mexico, and vice versa.NAFTA has had a significant impact on the economies of the three countries. It has contributed to increased economic growth, job creation, and higher living standards. According to a report by the U.S. International Trade Commission, NAFTA has led to anincrease in the United States' GDP by 0.5% to 0.9% and has created thousands of jobs.However, NAFTA has also faced criticism from various quarters. Critics argue that the agreement has led to job losses in certain sectors, particularly manufacturing, as companies moved production to Mexico where labor costs are lower. They also claim that NAFTA has led to environmental degradation and a decrease in labor standards. In response to these concerns, the United States, Canada, and Mexico renegotiated the agreement and agreed to the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in 2018.The USMCA addressed some of the concerns raised about NAFTA. It includes provisions on labor and environmental standards, requires a higher proportion of automotive components to be produced within North America, and provides increased market access for certain agricultural products. The USMCA also includes a dispute resolution mechanism, which is similar to the one in NAFTA but with some modifications.The USMCA was ratified by the three countries and came into effect on July 1, 2020. It is expected to further promote trade and economic integration among the three nations. The new agreement is also expected to bring about changes in certain industries, such as the automotive sector, where companies will need to adjust their supply chains to comply with the new rules of origin.In conclusion, NAFTA and its successor, the USMCA, have had a significant impact on trade and economic relations in North America. The agreements have promoted free trade, economicintegration, and increased economic growth among the United States, Canada, and Mexico. While there have been criticisms of NAFTA, the renegotiation and implementation of the USMCA address some of these concerns and provide a framework for continued cooperation and collaboration among the three nations. The future of North American trade will depend on the successful implementation and enforcement of the USMCA and further efforts to deepen economic integration and cooperation in the region.。
历史上的今天：1867年3月30日，美国从俄罗斯手中购买了阿拉斯加
历史上的今天：1867年3月30日，美国从俄罗斯手中购买了
阿拉斯加
众所周知，美国现有50个州，阿拉斯加便是其中之一。
那么问题来了，这个不与美国本土相连的飞地，是怎么落入美国人手中的呢。
这一切都与153年前的一场交易有关。
1867年3月30日，时任美国国务卿，从俄罗斯手中，买下了阿拉斯加的主权。
当时，为了购买这片152万平方公里的土地，美国花了720万美元（约合人民币5100万）。
对于刚刚结束内战的美国来说，720万美元绝对是一笔巨款。
可是，同样的，虽然美国的领土面积高达937万平方公里，但152万平方公里的阿拉斯加，依然占据其总面积的五分之一。
不说阿拉斯加地下蕴含的丰富矿藏，只说这笔土地交易的规模与价格，我们也能看出，当年的美国真是赚大发了。
720万美元，买到了152万平方公里的土地，平均下来，一平方公里的土地，花费还不到5美元啊。
国际贸易英语词汇集锦
国际贸易英语词汇集锦一、国际贸易基本术语。
1. import [ˈɪmpɔːt] (n./v.)- 名词：进口；进口商品。
例如：The import of high - tech products has increased in recent years.（近年来高科技产品的进口增加了。
）- 动词：进口；输入。
例如：This country imports a large amount of oil every year.（这个国家每年进口大量石油。
）2. export [ˈekspɔːt] (n./v.)- 名词：出口；出口商品。
例如：The export of agricultural products is an important part of the country's economy.（农产品出口是该国经济的一个重要部分。
）- 动词：出口；输出。
例如：China exports a lot of manufactured goods to the world.（中国向世界出口大量制成品。
）3. tariff [ˈtærɪf] (n.)- 关税；税率。
例如：The government has decided to raise the tariff on imported cars.（政府决定提高进口汽车的关税。
）4. quota [ˈkwəʊtə] (n.)- 配额；限额。
例如：There is a quota on the import of textiles.（纺织品进口有配额限制。
）5. customs [ˈkʌstəmz] (n.)- 海关；关税。
例如：You have to go through customs when you enter a foreign country.（当你进入外国时，你必须通过海关。
）二、贸易方式相关术语。
1. wholesale [ˈhəʊlseɪl] (n./adj./v.)- 名词：批发。
俄罗斯与美国的经贸关联性.doc
俄罗斯与美国的经贸关联性一、信息技术产业的重要作用2001年，美国的劳动生产率比日本、德国、法国、意大利均高1倍，而比俄罗斯高3倍。
美国的劳动生产率能够达到如此高的水平，其中一个重要原因是美国的信息技术产业起到很大作用。
根据国际货币基金组织的统计资料，在1992一2000年期间，美国对信息技术产业的投资增加了58%。
美国该项投资的投资数量比德国和法国都多65%，比英国多40%。
由于对信息技术产业增加了投资，在上世纪90年代后半期，美国的工业部门的劳动生产率年平均增长1.4%。
新技术工艺是发达工业国家提高劳动生产率的重要保障。
国际间新技术工艺相互交换的数量，美国占五分之二，日本占30%，德国占16%。
新技术的交换俄罗斯所占比重仅为0.3%。
2001年，依靠信息扰术产业的发展，美国的总产值占世界总量的22%，超过日本2倍，超过德国4倍，超过西欧国家26%。
俄罗斯的国民总产值为世界总产值的2.5%。
二、扩大进出口贸易美国把扩大商品和劳务出口，扩大对外投资看作是巩固自己国家在国际上的经济地位和政治地位的重要手段。
2001年，美国在世界商品与劳务出口中所占比重达到14.2%，因而美国得以在发达国家中间巩固和加强了自己的统治地位。
美国的该项指标超过日本1倍，超过德国0.7倍。
商品与劳务的进口，对美国来说，同样也是对其它国家施加政治影响和经济影响的重要手段。
在吸引国外投资方面，美国仍继续占第1位。
2001年，国外对美国的直接投资达3210亿美元，该数目相当于世界国外直接投资总数的1/4。
21世纪一开始，在世界经济关系中，美国的影响和作用愈发加强，而欧盟和日本的地位大为削弱，他们的影响和作用变小了。
在2000一Zoox年，美国在世界商品出口中所占比重从11.2%增加到11.9%;在进口中所占比重从14.9%增加到19.8%。
而日本的这两项指标却都下降了:出口比重从8.7%下降到7，8%;进口比重从6.1%下降到5.3%。
VOA英语：美呼吁俄遵守明斯克协议
VOA英语：美呼吁俄遵守明斯克协议Minsk Agreement Must Be Honored for UkraineThe United States is “deeply concerned” overintensified attacks by pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine. Over the past several days, heavy shelling has occurred in Donetsk, contravening a ceasefire that was agreed to by Russia, Ukraine, and Russia-backed rebels in the Minsk agreements signed September 5th and September 19th.In a statement, White House National Security Council spokesperson Bernadette Meehan also expressed concern over numerous reports, including those from the Organization forS ecurity and Cooperation in Europe, that “Russian-backed and supplied separatists are moving large convoys of heavy weapons and tanks to the front lines of the conflict.”On November 8, the OSCE reported that its Donetsk-based monitors had observed convoy s of dozens of unmarked “heavy weapons and tanks…containing personnel in dark green uniforms without insignia” moving through the territory. That report followed claims by the Kyiv government that Moscow was sending troops and tanks across the border to aid the rebels.The OSCE confirmed “a recent increase in Russian troops and equipment along the eastern border of Ukraine,” and said that “Russia continues to demonstrate its lack of regard for international agreements and its determination to further dest abilize Ukraine.”At a press briefing November 10, State Department Spokesperson Jen Psaki said that pro-Russian separatists in the Dombas region “seem intent on making gains well beyond the lines agreed to in Minsk. There are no excuses,” she insisted, “for these ongoing and blatant violations of the Minsk protocol by Russia and its proxies.”“If Russia is truly committed to peace in Ukraine,” Spokesperson Psaki said, “it will stop fueling the fire with new weapons and support for separatists and withdraw all Russian military personnel and equipment from Ukraine, and will call on its proxies to stop ceasefire violations, release hostages and close the international border."。
时政外交双语材料
时政外交双语材料1. 时事回顾：中美贸易战进展中美贸易战持续引发国内和国际关注。
自去年开始，两国相互加征关税，贸易摩擦持续升级。
今年初，中美双方展开了一系列的谈判，试图解决贸易纠纷。
然而，由于双方在关键问题上存在分歧，谈判进展缓慢。
就在不久前，特朗普政府宣布增加对中国商品的关税税率，引发中方坚决反对。
贸易战对全球经济造成重大冲击，不仅给两国经济带来压力，也影响世界各国产业链和供应链的稳定。
2. 国际形势：欧盟选举与脱欧危机欧盟选举结果揭晓，欧洲政治格局面临变革。
右翼民粹主义势力在部分国家获得不小的胜利，对欧洲一体化进程带来挑战。
与此同时，英国脱欧进程陷入僵局，议会无法达成共识。
英国首相特蕾莎·梅宣布辞职，未来脱欧进程仍存在不确定性。
这对欧盟和英国来说都是巨大的挑战，也影响到两国间的长期合作关系。
3. 对外关系：中俄关系的发展中俄关系在过去几年达到了历史新高。
双方在政治、经济、军事等领域都展开了广泛合作。
正是在两国的共同努力下，促成了一系列战略合作协议的签署。
例如，中俄两国签署了能源合作协议，促进了能源贸易的发展，同时也加强了两国的能源安全。
此外，中俄还密切合作，在地区和国际事务中保持了高度一致性，共同维护了世界和平与稳定。
4. 国际援助：中国援助非洲发展中国在过去几十年来积极参与非洲的发展事务，并提供大量援助。
中国援助非洲的方式多样，既包括经济援助，也包括技术援助和人力资源援助。
中国在非洲建设了大量基础设施项目，提供了就业机会和经济增长。
同时，中国也在教育、医疗等领域给予非洲国家支持，帮助其提高人民生活水平。
中国援助非洲的举措得到了非洲国家的广泛认可和赞赏，在推动非洲发展进程中发挥了重要作用。
5. 国际热点：朝核问题的进展与挑战朝鲜半岛局势一直备受国际关注。
在过去一年里，朝鲜、美国和韩国之间展开了一系列的对话和谈判，试图解决朝核问题。
虽然取得了一些积极的成果，例如朝鲜停止核试验和导弹发射，但仍存在着许多挑战和难题。
cold-war。美苏冷战-英语版。
Soviet representative Marshal Zhukov signed the treaty. May 14, 1955 ,the Warsaw Treaty Organization was established.
Arms Race
Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949.
Causes of Cold War
• There were deep-rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the Second World War. These differences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War.
两大阵营与军事集团
社会主义阵营：苏联为首
华沙条约组织（华约1955）
The socialist camp
资本主义阵营：美国为首
北大西洋公约组织（北约
1949）
The capitalist camp
美苏争霸的过程
阶段划分 第一阶段
50年代中期至60 年代中期 赫鲁晓夫 肯尼迪
第二阶段
60年代中期至70 年代末 勃列日涅夫
Policy
Truman socialist杜鲁门主义
Economy German problem Military
第5课 美国贸易策略及政策外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译
第5课美国贸易策略及政策U.S.Is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen美国已做好准备任凭其贸易关系恶化By Peter BehrWashington Post Service 1.WASHINGTON—The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of a tougher U.S.policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S.trading partners get worse before they get better.克林顿政府正计划推行强硬的贸易政策路线，由此向欧洲和日本发出信号要求其更为公正的对待美国的出口，同时也表示美国政府已做好准备对待贸易关系恶化而非改善的状况。
2.The strongest signal came last week, when Mickey Kantor, the U.S.trade representative, moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for “intolerable” discrimination against panies seeking government contracts within the Community.The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged, Mr.Kantor said.美国贸易代表Mickey Kantor在上周发出了最为强烈的信号，他对欧共体12国限制美国公司参与欧洲政府采购计划迅速做出反应，认为这种做法是“不可忍受”的，并且警告说如果欧洲在六周之内不改变其现有做法那么美国将会采取报复性措施。
福建省福州市中考语文冲刺模拟试卷分类汇编 非连续性文本阅读专题(含解析)-人教版初中九年级全册语文试
非连续性文本阅读专题试卷1(五)阅读下面材料,完成18-20题。
(10分)【材料一】2001年,美国高盛公司首席经济师吉姆·奥尼尔首次提出“金砖四国”这一概念,特指新兴市场投资代表。
“金砖四国”(BRIC)引用了已西( Brazil)、俄罗斯( Russia)、印度( India)和中国China)的英文首字母。
由于该词与英语单词的砖( Brick)类似,因此被称为“金砖四国”。
2008年-2009年,相关国家举行系列会谈和建立峰会机制,拓展为国际政治实体。
2010年南非( South africa)加入后,其英文单词变为“ BRICS”,并改称为“金砖国家”。
按字母排序成员国如下金砖国家成员国序号英文名中文名1 Brazil 巴西2 China 中国3 India 印度4 Russia 俄罗斯5 South Africa 南非【材料二】2017年1月1日,中囯正式接任金砖国家主席国。
2017年9月某某举办金砖国家峰会,此次金砖国家领导人会晤以“深化金砖伙伴关系,开辟更加光明未来”为主题。
主席对今年9月在某某某某举办的金砖国家领导人第九次会晤提出四点期待:深化务实合作,促进共同发展；加强全球治理,共同应对挑战；开展人文交流,夯实民意基础；推进机制建设,构建更广泛伙伴关系。
以下是2017年金砖会晤会标:十年来,金砖国家经济总量在全球经济中的占比从12%提升到23%,贸易总额的占比从11%升至16%,对外投资比重从7%上升到12%,对世界经济增长率贡献达到50%。
金砖囯家在贸易和投资领域具有广阔的合作前景。
18.下列表述,符合以上材料内容的一项是( D )(3分)·奥尼尔倡导创立的。
B.【材料一】的表格南非之所以排在最后是因为它最后加入C.厦举办金砖国家峰会主要是为了深化合作、促进发展。
D.近十年来,金砖国家已成为全球经济实力最强大的五国。
19.2017年金砖会晤会标:主图案既是鼓满的风帆,也是旋转的地球,呼应了“深化金砖伙伴关系,开辟更加光明未来”的会晤主题;BRCS五个字母象征着五个成员国；2017 CHINA和中国印章说明了中国是本届主席国或本次峰会在中国举办。
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Financing & Facilitation Measures
CONTENTS
1. GLOBAL CRISIS IMPACT
2. USA & RUSSIA – STRATEGIC PARTNERS 3. FACILITATION MEASURES FOR INTENSIFICATION OF TRADE BETWEEN USA & RUSSIA 4. MAIN JOINT GOALS
GLOBAL DECREASE IN VALUE
• Letters of credit • Export Credit Insurance • Short-term export working Capital
11% 4% 3%
Source: Trade Finance survey prepared by IMF / Bankers Association for Finance and Trade (BAFT) and FImetrix () - January 2009, comparing to October 2008
Crisis impact
Trade Finance activities by regions marked with orange circles
GLOBAL CRISIS IMPACT
MAIN REASONS FOR DECREASE IN VOLUME OF TRADE TRANSACTIONS
GLOBAL CRISIS IMPACT
B&N Bank also faces substantial Trade Finance decrease almost in all branches dealing with Trade Finance transactions, as per 4Q 2008
GLOBAL CRISIS IMPACT
GLOBAL DECREASE OF TRADE TRANSACTIONS BY REGIONS
Eastern Europe suffers deeper changes in Value
Overall Changes in Value – 9%
(in January 09 comparing to October 08)
Industries contribution to GDP production (in current prices)
8000 7000 6000 5000 Construction
%
Agriculture, Forestry Mining operations Manufarce: Trade Finance survey prepared by IMF / Bankers Association for Finance and Trade (BAFT) and FImetrix ()
GLOBAL CRISIS IMPACT
GLOBAL DECREASE BY TYPES OF TRADE TRANSACTIONS
GLOBAL CRISIS IMPACT
FINANCE SECTOR IN RUSSIA SHOWS COMPARATIVE STABILITY HOWEVER TRADE FINANCE POSSIBILITIES WILL APPEAR IN RUSSIA ONLY ONCE THE FOREIGN FINANCING IS AVAILABLE
GLOBAL CRISIS IMPACT
USA AND RUSSIA REMAIN EXTREME IMPORTANT TRADING PARTNERS IN THEIR REGIONS AS OF 1Q 2009
• •
USA ranked as the most important Trading Partner in North America Russia is on the 2d place among most important Trading Partners in Central / Eastern Europe
Overall Changes in Value – 13%
(in January 09 comparing to October 08)
Source: Trade Finance survey prepared by IMF / Bankers Association for Finance and Trade (BAFT) and FImetrix () - January 2009, comparing to October 2008
GDP (in %, to comparable preceding period)
110 108 106 104 102
bln. RUB
4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008
Wholesale and Retail trade Transport and Telecom Finance
100 98 96 1-st quarter
2-d quarter 2008
3-d quarter
4-th quarter
GDP
Lease, Services and Commercial real estate
• • • • •
Lack of availability of credit for our corporate customers A fall in the demand for trade activities Less credit availabilities at Russian Banks Less credit availabilities at counterparty banks Pricing increase