考点5 情态动词
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考点5 情态动词
情态动词的词义辨析情态动词在情景交际中的用法情态动词+have+过去分词结构情态动词的一些习惯用法含有情态动词的反意疑问句
经典易错题会诊
命题角度l 情态动词的词义辨新
1. If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn' t
B. shouldn' t
C. can' t
D. might not
[专家把脉] C本题考查情态动词的基本意义和用法。couldn’t是call’t的过去式,有“不能,不可能或不可以”之意;shouldn’t不应该;might not不可能。句中if引导的是虚拟语气,故A不对。
2.Some aspects of a pilot' s job be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours o
A. can ; have to
B. may ; can
C. have to; may
D. ought to; must
[专家把脉]A 本题的解题思路要从情态动词的基本意义和用法开始。按照情景,“飞行员的工作的某些方面可能是令人厌烦的,而且他们经常不得不在很不方便的情况下工作。”
3. The World Wide Wed is some times jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it be very slow.
A. should
B. must
C. will
D. can
[专家把脉]D本题考查can在肯定句中的用法_.can常用于否定句、疑问句中表推测,但也可用于肯定句中表“一时的可能性”。
4. "The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides," declared the judge.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
[专家把脉]D 句意为“法官宣布:‘按照双方协议,利息被分作五个部分。…法官宣布的决定有法律效力,不得违背,而且表示说话人(及其所代表的一方)的决心、意志、允诺等,shall用于第二、三人称时,有此用法。must可译作“必须”,但只是一种主观要求,不具备shall的毋庸置疑的决定口气。
5. John, look at the time. you play the piano at such a late hour?
A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Need
[专家把脉] A
A项意思是:干嘛,偏要,硬要(指做令人不快的事);B项:能,可能;c项:可以;D项:有必要。根据题干“看看时间吧,你干嘛要这么晚弹钢琴?”
专家会诊
情态动词的基本用法:I. can (could)
1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力,或根据客观规律能做某事的能力,意思是“能够”。can表“能够”时,既可指将来,也可指现在。be able to在表示能力时与can同义,但可用于各种时态,强调通过努力克服困难成功地做成某事,相当于
managed to do 或succeeded in doing。如:
No one can ( is able to ) finish such a difficult thing. He can speak English.
I can go there now. With the help of the firemen, the trapped peopie was able to leave the burning building. (不能用could)
2.表示许可、允许,在疑问句中表示“请求,许可”,否定句中表示“不许”,此时可与may通用,有时cannot可以表示“禁止”,相当于“mustn’t”,如:
May ( Can ) I help you?That sort of thing can ' t go on !
You can't ( mustn' t, are not allowed to ) play computer games again.
3.表示推测,强调客观可能性“可能、会”,Call多用于疑问句和否定句,表示猜测时,情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。如:
—There comes a man. Who can it be?
—No, it can' t be him. He has gone to America !He can' t have gone there alone.
4.could表示“能力”“可能性”“许可”,为earl的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法,此时can,could并没有时间上的差别,只是could的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。如:
—Could I borrow your English dictionary?—-Of course you Call. Go ahead. If. may, might(might 为may 的过去式)
1.表示许可,有“可以”的意思,询问一件事可不可以做,有时可以与can互换。其否定式may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等,常用must not=mustn’t代替,may用于疑问句中,回答这种问题时,多避免用may,而用其他形式,以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。如:
—Mum, may I go to the cinema tonight?
—Yes, you may. (No, you mustn't / you' d better not. ) 比较—Yes, please / please don't,
2.表推测、或许、可能的意思,表示一件事或许会发生,只用在陈述句中。如:
Her parents may come to see her tomorrow,
3. may句式用来表示祝愿。如:
May you succeed! = I hope you may succeed:May you be happy, healthy and wealthy!
4. might是may的过去式,表示可以做的事或可能发生的事;主句谓语动词是过去时态时用might不用may。might 一般用于比may的口气委婉,或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中。如:
Our teacher suggested a few books which I might buy.
I wonder if I might buy some sugar now.
must 和have to
1.表示必须要做的事,意为“必须“,否定式mustn’t表示“不应该,不许可,禁止”等。因此,在回答带有must的问句时,不用must not,而用needn’t或don’t have too如:
—Must I hand in the paper now?—Yes, you must.—No, you needn ' t. / you don' t have to.
2.must在表示“必须”时与have to相近,have to比较强调客观的需要,must着重主观看法。另外must不像have to 那样能有更多的时态。如:Tom,you must stay 8thome.(命令或叮嘱)I have to stay at home to look after my baby, (客观需要)
3.表推测,暗含很大的可能性,意为“一定”,只用于“肯定句”中。如:
I think there must be a mistake,
4.偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。如:Hey.boys!Must you shout so loudly?’
Ⅳ.shall的用法要点
1.用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中,表示征询听话人是否愿意。如:You shall have my answer tomorrow. ( 允诺) He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告) You shall do a8 l tell you.(命令或吩咐) Shall you go with me?(征询意见)
2.用于一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。如:
Shall we begin our class? When shall my father be able to leave hospital? V. should 和ought to
should表示劝告、建议常作“应当”讲,与ought to有时可互换,ought to更注重一些责任义务。should表示预测可能性,并译作“可能,(按道理)应该”;而ought协则表示非常可能。should用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议,ought to 可表示因责任、义务等该做的事。如:
We should ought to help each other in work.(ought妥协的语气要强)
They should come here now.(按道理应该到了)
Ⅵ.win和would
will可以表示意愿、意志和决心,适用于各种.人称.可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免”。其过去式是would,也可以是单独的情态动词,在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时,语气比will委婉,肯定的回答时用willo如:Don't worry. He will do his best. Where there is a will, there will be a success.(表示习惯)Accident will happen. (难免) Would you please do me a favor?
考场思维训练
1.Coffee be drunk while it is hot.
A. shall
B. must
C. will
D. ought to
1.D解析:这里ought to表示“劝告或推荐”。
2.Tell him that he have the book tomorrow after noon.
A. shall
B. will
C. need
D. dare
2.A解析:从句意判断,表示了“我”的承诺。shall用于第二、三人称表示“允诺、命令、警告”的含义。